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Điều khiển tự động trong điều hoà không khí PDF
Điều khiển tự động trong điều hoà không khí PDF
iu khin t ng trong
iu ho khng kh
Bi:
V Ch Chnh
inh Vn Thun
Nhit ;
m;
p sut;
Lu lng.
S h thng iu khin
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Ngi ta s dng nhiu ngun nng lng khc nhau cho cc h thng iu khin :
- in nng : i b phn cc h thng iu khin s dng in nng iu khin do
tnh gn nh v d dng s dng. Ngun in c in p thng nm trong khong 24 220 V. Mt s h thng s dng h thng c in p v dng thp : U < 10V, I=4-50mA.
- H thng kh nn : Ngi ta c th s dng h thng kh nn iu khin. H thng
c p sut P= 0 - 20 lb/m2
- H thng thy lc : H thng ny thng c p sut ln P = 80 - 100 lb/m2
Cc thit b iu khin
B phn cm bin (sensor)
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Cm bin in tr
Cm bin in tr c cc loi sau y:
Cun dy in tr
in tr bn dn
Cp nhit
B cm bin kiu in tr
B cm bin p sut
B cm bin p sut thng l b cm bin kiu hp xp. Khc vi b cm bin nhit
kiu hp xp lun lun i km vi bu cm bin, bn trong c mi cht, th y
hp xp c ni trc tip vi tn hiu p sut ghi nhn s thay i p sut ca mi
cht v tc ng ln mng xp.
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B cm bin p sut
B cm bin m
B cm bin cng hot ng da trn nguyn l v s thay i cc tnh cht nhit vt
l ca mi cht khi m thay i.
C 02 loi cm bin m:
Loi dng cht hu c (organic element)
Loi in tr (Resistance element)
B cm bin m
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Phong k dy nng
ng pit
Trn hnh 11.8 trnh by ng pit o p sut: p sut tnh (11.8a), p sut tng (11.b) v
p sut ng (11.8c).
C s o lu lng l s ph thuc gia lu lng vo s thay i p sut khi i qua
thit b.
v lu lng:
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Tm c l
Lu lng k c vng c l
Trn hnh 11.9 trnh by lu lng k s dng vng c c l nh gia. Ngi ta nhn
thy s thay i p sut tnh pha trc v pha sau ca vng ph thuc vo lu lng
theo quan h sau y:
trong :
C- Hng s;
F- Din tch tit din ca ng, m2.
ng Venturi
Lu lng k Venturi
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Lu lng k chn vt
Cc thit b c iu khin
Van in t
C 2 loi van in t
* Loi ng m on-off: Van ch c 2 trng thi ng v m. Van thng c 2 loi van 2
ng v van 3 ng.
* Loi ng m bng m t (Motorize): Van ng m bng m t cho php ng m
nhiu v tr v thng c dng iu chnh lu lng.
- Cn c vo s hng ca dng, van in t c th chia lm loi 2 ng v 3 ng.
* Van 2 ng: Hai ng gm mt ng mi cht vo v 01 ng mi cht ra. Loi van ny
c 2 kiu : Loi thng m (NO- Normally Open) v loi thng ng (NC- Normally
Close)
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Van in t 3 ng
Lu lng k Venturi
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S iu khin nhit
Phng php iu khin bc l thay i cng sut theo tng bc, trnh cng sut thay
i qu t ngt. H iu ha c iu khin bc phi c nhiu t my.
Trong h thng ny b iu khin cn c vo tn hiu ca bin iu khin s tc ng
ln cc r le hay cng tc v lm thay i cng sut thit b ra theo tng bc hay giai
on.
Ta nghin cu mt v d: Thit b iu khin cng s mt h thng iu ha gm 3 cm
my chiller.
Bin iu khin l nhit ca nc lnh vo my tnv.
Gi tr nh trc l tnv = 8oC
* Khi nhit tng : Khi nc v tnv = 8,5oC ch c t my I lm vic. Nu nhit
tip tc tng n 9oC th t my II khi ng v lm vic cng t I. Nu nhit tng
n 9,5oC th t my th III khi ng lm vic.
* Khi nhit gim : Khi nhit gim xung 7,5 oC th t my th III ngng hot
ng. Nu tip tc gim xung 7oC th t my II dng tip. Nu xung 6,5oC th dng
thm t I.
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- Cc my lm vic nh sau :
+ My I : Lm vic trong khong khi nhit tng ln 8,5oC v dng khi nhit gim
xung 6,5oC. Nh vy my I lm vic trong khong thi gian di nht.
+ My II: lm vic trong khong khi nhit tng ln ti 9oC v dng khi nhit gim
xung 7oC.
+ My II: Lm vic khi nhit tng ln 9,5oC v dng khi nhit gim xung 7,5oC
Nh vy my I lm vic nhiu nht v my II lm vic t nht. trnh tnh trng
trong mch in ngii ta c thit k cng tc chuyn mch i vai tr cc my cho
nhau, trnh cho mt my nn bt k lm vic qu nhiu trong khi my khc hu nh
khng hot ng.
u, nhc im ca phng php iu khin theo bc :
- Trnh c s thay i cng sut qu t ngt. Thch hp cho h thng ln.
- Cc my lm vic khng u nhau nn phi thng xuyn chuyn i vai tr ca cc
my.
- Bin dao ng (vi sai) ca bin iu khin tng i ln do phi qua tng cp.
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