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    Roziq Ahmad
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    5 views2 pages

    Exercises For Section 2.4

    Uploaded by

    Roziq Ahmad
    real analysis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 2
    2.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE SUPREMUM PROPERTY 43 Proof. If we apply the Density Theorem 2.4.8 to the real numbers x //2 and y//2, we obtain a rational number r # 0 (why?) such that x v2 QED. Exercises for Section 2.4 1. Show that sup(1 — I/n in € 2. IfS:={I/n— 1/m: n,m € N), find inf $ and sup S. 3. Let SC R be nonempty. Prove that if a number u in R has the properties: (i) for every n € N the number w ~ 1/n is not an upper bound of S, and (ii) for every number n € N the number u-+ 1/nis an upper bound of S, then u = sup S. (This is the converse of Exercise 2.3.8.) 4, Let S bea nonempty bounded set in R. (@) Leta > 0,andlet aS i= (as: s € 5}. Prove that inf(aS) = ainf S, sup(aS) = asup 5. (b) Leth R have bounded range in R. If a € R, show that Example 2.4.1(a) implies that supla + f(x): x € X) Show that we also have sup( f(x): x € X) infla + f(x): x € X) = a+ inf f(x): x € X) 6. Let A and B be bounded nonempty subsets of R, and let A+B := (a+b: a € A,b€ B). Prove that sup(A + B) = sup A + sup and inf(A + B) = inf A +inf B. 7. LetX bea nonempty set, andilet f and g be definedon X and have bounded ranges in R. Show that supl f(x) + g(x): x € X) < sup f(x) : x € X) + supla(x) = x € X} and that inf(f (x) : x € X) + inf(g(x) : x € X) < inf( f(x) + e(x) ix € X). Give examples to show that each of these inequalities can be either equalities or strict inequalities. 8 LetX =¥ := (x €R:0 R by A(x, ) = 2x +9. (a) For each x € X,find f(x) = sup(h(x, yy € ¥); then find inf(f(x): x € X). (©) For each y € ¥, find g(y) = inf (h(x, 9): x € X}; then find sup(g(9): y € ¥). Compare withthe result found in part (a) 9. Perform the computations in (a) and(b) ofthe preceding exercise forthe function h: X x ¥ +R defined by he, y) 0 itxy. 10. Let X and ¥ be nonempty sets andleth : X x Y¥ —+ Rhave bounded rangein R. Let f : X +R and g : ¥ > R be defined by F(x) = supth(a.y):¥ €¥), gly) = inflh(x, y) 4 € X), 44° CHAPTER2 THEREAL NUMBERS Prove that sup(a(9) : y € ¥) < inflf(@):x € X) We sometimes express this by writing supint h(x, 9) < inf suphtx, 9). Note that Exercises 8 and 9 show that the inequality may be either an equality or a strict inequality 11, Let X and ¥ benonempty sets and leth : X x ¥ ~+ Rhave bounded range in R. Let F: X +R and G : ¥ + R bedefined by F(x) := sup(h(x, y)ty €¥}, Gly) := suplAx, y) zx € X). Establish the Principle of the Iterated Suprema: sup(h(x, y) sx © X,y € ¥) = sup(F(x) sx € X) = sup(GO):y € ¥) ‘We sometimes express this in symbols by suph(x, ») = supsup h(x, y) = supsup h(x. 9) 12. Givenany x € R, show that there exists a unique n € Z such thatn — 1 0, show that there exists m € N such that 1/2" < y. 14. Modify the argument in Theorem 2.4.7to show that there exists a positive real number y such that y? = 15. Modify the argument in Theorem 2.4.7 to show that if a > 0, then there exists a positive real number z such that 2° = a, 16. Modify the argument in Theorem 2.4.7 to show that there exists a positive real number u such. that w= 2, 17. Complete the proof of the Density Theorem 2.4.8 by removing the assumption that x > 0. 18. Ifu > Ois any real number and x < y, show that there exists a rational number r such that x

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