Lexical Meaning M. LYNNE MURPHY ‘CAMBRIDGEey words rssaniostric, sy¥TAGHATIC, #MANTIC KELATION ‘scape xine feces ans among word ‘Rey sled smut relatos ye ls te a fet tb mening tare ee, ut a eer get of te ene, ‘he mpl rm enon pts fer ekg te ee ‘Somes nono anon doers, wean wosppces ibe epeton stati tons ne etl exo, ft spire a fe tm ts tt ‘Geer i wich tons, atemanings tm mpl 621 Paradigmaic ws aytagmitie laos sons wens ca Be died gly in 40 Op nga ant setagmi. Sygate rns ie cakes hewn ‘rs tht go gern sya pss ~ the ip’ an apn eye {nt ore Note bapa sd tare fm te tae Gk ‘eaning Yvching pce” in ter nr, wor a sig ant ath eh ter pss, Bose hy erin renga ‘aly wt wr in Blog eet wer eee dp) ho et). Sagat rane re ed mead oe hae coms each igi he ways in wich wens se th cern ‘rs te ha ees or stance, me an ma th the ain ly evs nh carn ers nde se to apn fat ary Sound re nth tool) swith one spn ure oie tht date te se mean he cmp ap teh ‘es ver ane. Oe oar i chap ite a ao ‘iy rec sari pandpt elas Weil ese pte ener nthe psig ie ich aien go wih ch ‘ices cut ‘Na in pragmatic rans log te sae wr ls a sare om prance npr ne tin ot admires i epoch tee fr ‘dria: dont da Noth be ee nb rag ae eee No cic ee, Wee aii ch {Eronapl te et oft clr nts mex pie vine mee fecheadenpatofhecoerseceam Unita ed ‘Yo pratima ted words ely ss ech te Forename ed wh nda oar enter ef ea pari an ey ‘tnd pam cere sn pres in) 08) © sretinioeaic hone 2) aati Lex semaniciss typartgma ean caso einai eins oes ness ac as nen 22), and eae ‘wt ey i ls tS he eal io eds seein} Thy ats teeing ta icing cae dose, ‘Using eed weds allons dsc th sme ie re way at ona atediorntn md eretng pet nds ‘Ate demi ce ose tt testi nex sic. Sytonyy elite of hig eae ing Ch ‘ev eye mat pts doce. Eypenpey ote ope es fer example, hos 3 hypo of un Dosis ha a pe Daking Coyponmy(tines ce eal entra) solves ap eres tke op bt ic cota hoe es, fo cag eardtbipasltamend. That they iets it ge ‘pein thc lying cr si, Antrg el fc i ‘th ho word ae eps fr example ase Ne cach of "Whe people ae al about or eng mse ata ee sect ik boa sss oll am form rane 12.8) 8 ‘eee eran engl wed heiferte anomyms for aeret se Fe ee, when ing th Yemperae SSP oes ott wher ng he py” seme oho RATE Rens renon tna elabs ee somions ced ee ans 622 Synonymy seeteermmenreneerernaee name hes ote ete me eh tt ohn ‘Rta wsgnl gnome, Boanests rae oto wor one eye ‘Sc ncapvc dices ony ean concer woes oe S2Gecperins tru ite oy ay De seston es ‘cd drench wo wets jos Woe soe i ‘Scene creat angels enone me said {two Sot exampl he who ©) eat eh of Oy ie ‘erutir wehae ene erzon a a sey 0) Anemia ie me (Atmos ese me Ife wt ot wheter mor i oon fr peo he We an amps (sunt (5) Amman ite me twice we can inc int sorties neh et en 1 Sing tence tt ae ine we ie a man ding tic ne hog it mb rere erin data ‘tm suo, wen lbs Hence mar peron 6 Absolut ve sense somyns eran imp ee inna pe ‘Soin “so 42.22 Using ttre, es se Yer fo Sb tee jon ke exe oy = pecan at TSE Were pectoral uy oncom OBI eusbea sncee, a boy la, oni tee ih (@) Amat iain ci coi sk Pays ect sony ifort amex sept, [edi sees mach seman wih eet 2 fr, Sie th eter a ex seme fy ad per tate yon ‘ei ae ow and comical nea hye ete sym ht iy ‘Sohne one tne at ma hae aoa othe wer no's ess ‘yepusby sigan ty wel re oe ‘ete mye tblen o s ee e). bee £ Beige ghost mee ‘Tess fla hie ve hei a ey fw a ‘Stn gist reper yep ee frst on of ei sees Yon "yl ht cre eer es i then 5 tat ‘hy tn an a eR Has OT-12-19) a po rar tclam Ga" w eve ee ses ‘ore to egresons ct te Bort a epee of en. West {ching mnees" The cmd pst sony en ‘otal me rigs pa anal a chemi An ample ire pone = hin ich alte these aipesnecpeen pane A ‘Koican mp pwmdog = metach,hoe t sl ‘Eves todd whetr yu tink oar woah cing ‘palin couning ha bw we rest eymose ‘Nearsynonymns and vatants arms in for mtb some trp ae mar apnye, ‘ie fein Pd 6-1 (8c ae ~ tl Novena. ‘omy Gi a ne) en ie ch ee ‘shi en fa in) Ma sane ea and gee ncaa memphis te sa ©) Un stateqe e dla On ns peri a sh Anse es ce foil Sofa we ves tat socalled souyes my ie amon eigen diet was ete yes ha He she “pr ryt ig aon nr) ‘rye fareamp by ogi oe ase eparo y hn ‘ct omc, Swe cl) hat sm fre es‘po iy sable base he sees in (1) wl eB ly 0, Wace? Sei at? 2 Wei parm ein tary, ponder om ete songs bce ty et ‘Sc hing babe ty iene coon ty ai ‘one ther Sync varias ih eps oy st as ‘enc! popes, ning coo reper Une, a ae. Te ‘ecm ef bso (chen efron hate a) {nd tho wc refer oa am wh lw see eyo, Why so may synonyns? ‘he mond be yaya sy tt ey ae ovo wads © mesa ‘awe ting Arr 98679 hase, anpgs abe Somaya jo ate orm” Eh hn any neyo ‘Sci ly ewe sm ade ganer antec Ea ‘runt mab opens wor gh he moog posts ‘kato ad conpording 3) ad emesion (53.2) ‘erasing worse ngage ev fo ings Roly ‘pes soe eso he syn wins ater op (Beer rant Grek ed Ewer ean ope tO Eng Init endef Me Age nl ow cle Ta ee, {he wads ses Sete amos ap Whit peed he Nome ‘ch eo for rin ive seat wee rove i gi in ‘Mise hese Hee tha pit Engl peak ha wo ese sil {deem ow deste mst ne aos shes os seg ‘afer ech eft ee aie Engin pean ‘ine ieaethe Pech etc word ch aegis er mat ort ferme white ae Bgl words ret eine fr esting ‘ca he rch rd nt pple in Engi hc an) (rb be wer na nd lange Ir in cat tk). ‘hms sn found In ccs where oe dered fr onl ‘ar et arn my pe Ferra ae Tange 1 syoeyms ins ay fran of ane Fit iti notscmomcal erly wafer an ig re ‘hor lasemanber to word mr whan on set Wh ‘ough fe tit of ving vo wet ne ly wo de te ep penile contrast — ite gsr ae wit wi “iter meng Times uf ecm ens nor dic ee ‘ites -Indenotion cotton ral angen ete we ‘haan Ck 199 ie example of whan co rcs mie ‘sin es rain sn eee a cm ih eet eh 8 ‘ee cot and cin ‘Tocokisn abe ve tie el 4 et chet cy toes he nie ay ct, te ee Hat ene eg ide fet an cot tio gh nee (10 8 Caen ine pti pce ai pr a os sume, heaps eon thy x ete ee ‘hth ae vey clin ean Hang wo a neap mee Sic cating ancy ey Wi imc em beceneed ar wel tap hr ei loge td Perla. imaio, et a 623 typonymy and hyperonymy:Incduson elaine semen Aner ppg oes ing coin, st gts er ein il ee ‘cuomie $251) ofcxeens oft connate cca {he xeon of hers sue of he xenon of cher vying a sched lo ches eveything these et cry hese (ine cone on mau ft ic). We coy a ‘hear icp of chs, ed te sang ‘cess ein eer Properties of inson rations ‘Te incon oe ym cri ype chews, but cee ‘coo ype chy oe nou ent ame fr fs ston nt ‘ean: gpongm a chs an hace peep of she thr These ems cone mtb Grek Jn ee i ee a “ce and his unre nap el sprig hyn ars {Tay tes" sted Bec 6, wih shu ace ‘tbo or toms ode (i pic anes ces) Sly Seige we he ms porn ad pean wh ping sb ‘aon ten Wor ike ese nlc al ot cae ‘er ieee nossa ereweD Dan Gaertn eefol ——_——._, ‘mat hi pera Te tn dab pa ania fa on Co gue Apo sn fe por heme fer perdi sorte cae So ee 9 {hte wor che prin fhe werd drt he xy (Sheets ier ecaspoycnroDas, Wecan abet Sra The al ey a ‘eral hyenyms eh hyenas el oe meta on he eel ‘nero. pal ig symm te ico ont idee tne obi ouy otf X = Vso Y 22, hen X= Frecampe ced Ieae a chee and cheese pe la eine tea 9p Fond Bie dig poy eric since al pea lain so (12 (ie sce eae gt gee © fisytiap taper se ‘The ny of pci ep cap ox rete tm Stn iabne x Egle Sn even ope noe he ning fe son ea, cans sla: Caere an revere atin can be betes ih ‘Sherssclineouseampee come na gelesen Sane ran ta sy mt gi do te above cesses Fat as ucm pote sce eh itty ee in ergs ber sls thepiy onc hey ony dv crass ae tener ee co oe ans ad eg ‘er min nor ag pa hm ea oe ‘mars mw iin so ‘Rematch ames mayen Sac ppe cpm yc ea re ea ‘time ital, on Smeets opts any pier scans xs cs bay ios ier wh eh {Cicimwihtegeger Tesseract cated ‘ceca corny he ces ces a tangy oh (1) Teach Tee tte and pt Thaceleacin erento ae ‘amie ee he fing nen a aplenty omen oane fhe tye once tow ert Sri {santomymy ales lation? aly ree the geo a wheter anonym, Kl poy. ist 2 Serie erases lan hh oedema! peers ‘te wr are lant te loe s el Some ope plies se {abe rey eve 1 erat rig at we la tn ‘tol nt mle mcs enc weir i ge he many ie Beta njoe wth opty snd ty wl lyon Ts aon tk up ye iat tig an elect ge fe et ‘otlrge e ild eMasisen 197) Tce may sea ame ferinmce, dean some "than sede a axed ‘sxe thn island Same atonyscomeln itt st meing my cen lyn termine anyfo isance mpl er pola iy fo eden tin opter care csc nme eu co acai pech nding hy ne leans heii areal an se rea he ‘enn pert ther pooiblopese ke are Ica ‘ree n ot hing on a noe of he nr waning espe ‘ex epmaces ne a alk ebing oo Knowle of hh wor 0 top ngewe Soe elise te erm ppt to eete ‘Sane ele td anno peal er oppor han eel ‘lst Wesel ih token -nypoo hts ssc laos Sst ‘ngs conte oo corr nr en pene pt 1h tre apr tor res a of reed wade For nace, {Fiuy oman woleage of eedons peta ar hapa ‘Sena se south ehetens pon thie chon ee ‘Gaon empresas Hower some er ‘het ying ced nanan sleet ach nigra ‘he rama coe edonmedellonerendioet ihr een itso pnts ates anon eins ome fo pega erie: alee iw, hapa ‘Weta ech oer (wt 30 a od ap, 0 ‘el couse ewer ac llr you Bl nt ea a. ‘hee lind of toca show dh nema epponte tt mot ely {atoms rh opr mnt be ogni afte hr {9 eo se a gic nd mre cise in ntkng e epson ‘Ren pis hap as happened (Cal a a 198) Ti ‘pe fora ecg bey tapes peste apd Ina ire cui vy ta append wb opin we Be ‘te some pane ow, 625 other paradigms raion ‘Shnsymy bypony saamonyy court athe moat ran fr sea ho tty at el pci ane Felines mens We cl ame may mre ie he aoe eee (es he lr hy work in acer con tet), ‘Ss het es aca lpr, come ha) ‘an betrcn imate mds yas ow mo. etme Git Shc se los one) maroc a ‘ie oer eile, ings ae mt ber pe me ‘Atos ato ta ben ait pe-wlr"a eine smeroayy ik aon ea ayer ean ne a a Jingo ern oh than te blym fer AbD he peng, meray det othe ea om of wade ‘Sect rfl of he mens fe wor, De yp of mea an te inted eh axle > aegmet (sh > wl» fn omponent cr > nie clectan meme vide > an at ae Satan p> copper Merny genre oe ea {Sezaleman eatin the et om len, The tn teen ‘ern a ley sy the an teen ype {neh ny freon (wines iste) a "Besa rene oe spy toma feet whe ft hole ices preterit pay ne prt ge Aor, sass dtr lve (ry tae anes Ths le ‘rc tisha wy a oe 828 Somme or cure Table 62 Prope of pragma ons Snowe threw Aye ‘sania sity isan epestin cmt pail | xx x g omact YX y y x come tc) cape mts Soka Vx tn wninn ional a gh ext eta te wef praic sexuelle Int en oe. Tes an ead ong ‘Sits ty view he elec nee Hes oy oe ‘i's temures Ditmay appraces hol uh a Hd se Songer eres fe mindset ma species {nvoe in chp aod eg Rasa er 16, ony Soot, (Generate Leon tn) ni ne emu ros Joh ce ‘eps int eo eng ih em ads yd tng ofr tease hse lose dere fm th or com ‘oct nts pentane Thesare pp oh eel kr sents ar epson tee, nt red ‘ence ink ne ane a rer etc ch wads ne ony {om ed typos wich ace wn These may dee fem "lon of rac at eps wih Pena de e970)‘Themotectene terrae sees ol ht hardest ‘rite soing eda be ted eer {ites whch ore tatt, The flowing seins ee Pty he psn the ms por ay neg ‘Ses mae pd epg tat bh ena (hetoeat) aonal (Gesu) eatin nel fers opie onde meen 631 Lascon dona tosses net edict exc etn metphorn ms thw compel ate ihe cai, beak dove emesis of tec sera Thi ea athe bin ede reg ‘pes pry bey tos stony wn tail in et np eine Ts ot cmp hors tk th ew st {te esos tems dost ns Be expisy meno ne werd (cial nate wont, he hows i hepsi he at (Sta tn 0 othe ioral inematon (21 ees. (2) manos, ADULT, MALE 2 om Pr, ase Seccmmere ho testes. a file sow oo) emo oma ama Arse ha ot stad he eli information (21) ese soar sms temnng wich ens ts, seo ad ‘stein 2 (22, Xaet Yan yng ie: Wand] eye ee coment XS: edtcaya ter cotypsm) fo net se compen a 2 EER2G hme tinea nemesis sng i swe ca la Udy Ge ese dents ens adie seca ony of wna an he ponte of moma. Jonesy aman unin ge alating he dictionary approach “Te accor apathy pa wort ‘common One oer nd sme cl cone ie wo eae Compstat oper (ie the und of ne ra ‘te cnt cnt elton Sy ssrng te intron sgpecompoten gedit etaconpost Soaome Semmes Spon [ ad ma mon fromm ee 64 Cogn gy en in Inte ay an sd aan rman wom Inte wor te ‘usc compen teeny ts deta sea esis, “oferta wets “Techie be eterna ect aprotic cna is wel Fo cpl, May 203) ren Pr aon wich wd ele wun pr comen hy ‘el lat pepe nctading sle abe- enol ropes ‘Seton theca of tng de pay a te woe do sae Item andi ase ft. 8 pala pst Soctae tang, The icky ut abut Se onc eg wh operas se ‘St or thin cone (See Murphy 203 er acon) 652 Lercon thet ‘Thr hte he Ion hte Hl at ea otis (or ee shir win i) ened wil Hed {ets ns ee seen Ssh modell ha ea ot Ietwcld sto neat tht try fo, Tse mele ‘om Sacra ws feat flowing ro Sse td in ‘Gn. Cotas Gehl 198 bat hn so bee cara oh Same cpu ne aprons Mering Te Thor MT Th; Word album 1996) Same rope of those moa mo fag conponentl cc epee gee ier often ‘rr tn ne te see Inch ci cae i Trine aay latin eye oan! ag eee prose eof wher sae they dence nd Nh sna lero some ‘Sober i og, oc ey ae al ype 82 Diagramming relation among words ‘me hse ype tpsch Seman Hl Thr, pont yA ne Usher (170) Ths sph cn be soe a ox gem, Ingwe 5 iewich ch nde oteome som ee” a seman fl" nanan rac exeptHil = aad all na en 65 Fl peti fama oe Fossa ght cai, ‘The mcd ers on he wo ace of an inti jen mp tas geese peng pnd whe ne nts so nig ih ho et it py, oa ep ee ‘he rota eps come fo so th ie ‘eer sre yet ts Wiech a ste, wih ter we ot a Soe al, and fe inate tee lel Jy tnt meme a wo eopony t:crevaitopanp i ois (typryms ran ner nok jo tin i at ‘namin dn Yr, aso enneine wae ere ‘nd taning sin When ing aera aang and nine foramen gol work ‘wing the ea fo he eto me ae EY ‘ean 80 moh sa yp owl ed ean) me ‘Weve aly en hat pict hh or ove inet pee Shon scone wo ees ie te sac ox ol mb (Tey ay te pret sao bt we pe ata forte ate of san) (ven n mening (rl yore) teed war ec Stag nse os hate ene ee ser ‘ecarttambie These tes ey ‘erg amhing bt bt i esd) ld Secale ty eter nae, uk setae soy ee gps, wich we pot ‘seo tat ha bee een angi ats ag, erie wae. andj aca ih cm ‘Wee dsb wha tat toxsymtier th cacy a ap ‘isl cic = bt te parc Eg re a Bo grams se io flo cmpaing eat los hag tell Maro ed, ar ogee soe Alec ox dagams Inte epmsentg sete elton 4 ‘et of ees with es ing el ess fp. Wie, Fan {Sem ce by emating tee marae $2.1) niche nis he ents ke wsrony sd Nord te ales pd ere sea ter ees ~a ee n sagen Thea TT MFG 195) Tse oe ly equale eth AVM n MTT cle “Wann niyo diagram). Te bx diagram, bm, he ste ft emai pn” a teen ke ps0 acne crn Sevens emt poe wl ose Deane an Evalstng the thesurs approach Prognen of hes ee lh he lon tone ‘or is oat at purines te os ace wot ‘og eis na uct tend ests cee ooh os ‘Box igane sn hs lan ihn sel Scere ‘so fornia eee an ne ean iain "sen wes ‘On yp frie Fert ht ev mening depends eos ‘se penn known ase cng, chet be cmp y ewig oe an mh, sho neh San egw 6. Fer ‘in men any iit of hand a in ve ng hata ‘nea sock eon mo ipl aga Smee ye ‘myc you oul aay ldo a he ge aon 64 smmaryandeancon ne a cucenreae <[——tme*| ‘ger tnd eie ee- =)_]-|— re en tne oesion wa ies tht ca, you well ae eg en 8 Sree my eT eso of th ay obec tes er ‘bck te nro inert en thn Ths wos ‘Smt luis ure gers nb ls ey wen ‘Ws hws esse stn ken eee i at las al ht se ei mail el fe nen i eae el on tos oly nd coetly Have ot ary Kn of {ina mean ge shows ha ang an joing ele fos ormovng, et dns i wo wal ron. Sa, you Ikedatstox age conte bw. oe truley ch woe tae pl erm sn ih oe ‘Rony wonders ase wot Ea Tis ck ‘fede fecmtin hr poe romps ate ‘Gesu it wong wor toch ol ike Nota MTT) ‘Sct owe aon “Ts un the esi hme ma eae fin ten synteny ch a oe Seon 99) =U ct ly ie 2) aoe Te man ‘Shenton conic pee athsene, ek es 0 ‘sr neue opty of wngetbl t t eg ect cans anny ie tile tt loti, which sem tind th wor oman rope en ae determi Wich {i way eve dpe, to a aout the ging at at ‘Semel soo Pome ote dan vow te el ht {tye ok sly oh you an nd oma recs at re fo ‘amt ec a hn geese a Ti te or iia ee an ore ie el oe oon Posie 10) Bt se wins Hear stew mi op a {hse wos me esa lt etn meister ‘Sema cig inten wit ie iemnb l pony, satya pope ype al ebie ‘nigh ial decried dean ws apa othe etme ‘me ean Dies tle ssw se ped elaow on ae (te wo rnanie proper i el eon, wie sate ‘Sc xy ero one ns ne een, Amare ‘tow te esl exon nr pty © sf somes teen ‘se eee sce Scart po ute eee ‘scan prope eg mop frm) one gone ese ‘inl hes appa se not cet mode af ein ‘Shite wn, Ween nano ue wen we eae ison ‘aon ver nf nthe comets Benne jt ea ‘Seo pe inca “enon Lyon (97,1995) a Crs (585,28) pve so el nl aso te an acs ere Mary (200) tes dnaaion fe per and ypeso les ar well axed a. ‘onoftiary fie rooms dae af here fom {eon eater fl ncng png, pytnos sdcomtt ‘iene. Stee nh feet besarte apache gen Ho. yon an ao eps Wort on ewe tsp vue eo = ‘or oe lay a eso ca: A Recaro a eee ee sia: eta me ‘ped pct pn are sete ie ch a a Tepe movers asap ARs ty ew a Seas sy pe4 Tague asantadstomeon) Wie oo wot ly ‘outs coat das en har ee Sonic oe oy Ft we ey eye ane sme eit ‘ech en or = tna eps ‘nr mn cnt a eps ne te se jetta ne phen od nm ls ts roe nee ‘onsite Cae Tens panda Chath, np pt pt 2 entire etn > Eee Sicioecracaemsares. oases carer oes renee ete eri . BE eee ieocctowanenestoaee on ‘icScergin oli Ts eo hn yo Stine : “iat singe rt clr ey = mtg tn or ete gr ay ‘gam aetna pnd ls ont elie mel | Rowe Leaf rm opt word Aloe anect ren by cosine wp wee spony nein esos Towtt wet ww nace Sonos? Dense sr te bul es Crt aw pny etn the at mt aa sono tet pepsin spon. Dash abnsagam tr esentutl Gator srosense) A Untuset dat eke et athe are ‘ods (eg noun we), pase Desh anarcaers ‘eine ad sue tat dagen metog ech Saga roe sppopisew se kr wach tn aes?‘Winans ap rie wth yn ow yd fies neers ‘Bpptstnteunn cet occ Sink ey “eS ae PART IIT erectus Word classes and semantic types