Trng i hc Bch khoa Thnh ph H Ch Minh

Khoa in-in t
B mn iu khin T ng
----------

Bo co th nghim

IN T CNG SUT 1
Sinh vin :
Lp
:
MSSV
:

Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngy 18 thng t 2006

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Bi 1:

Trang 1-2

M PHNG B BIN I CNG SUT BN DN

BNG PHN MM PSIM

I-MO PHONG BO CHNH LU TIA 3 PHA IEU KHIEN

Cac tham so
Tr hieu dung ap day nguon
Tan so ap nguon
ien tr tai
Cam khang tai
Sc ien ong
Goc ieu khien chnh lu

Ky hieu
Up
f
R
L
E

Mach mo phong:

Hnh 1-1: S m phng

http://www.khvt.com

n v
V
Hz

mH
V
o

Gia tr
380
50
2
150
50
45

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

a.Gian o ap chnh lu va dong chnh lu:

Hnh 1-2: Gin dng chnh lu v p chnh lu

b.Gian o ap tren linh kien va dong qua linh kien:

Hnh 1-3: Gin dng trn linh kin v p trn linh kin

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Trang 1-3

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 1-4

c.Gian o ap va dong pha nguon:

Hnh 1-4: Gin dng v p pha ngun

Nhn xt : Dng sng in p , dng in trn ti v linh kin ph hp

vi l thuyt c hc , dng ti lin tc v kh phng.
d.Gia tr phan tch Fourier cho ap chnh lu ud:
Tr trung bnh ap chnh lu
Ud
{V}
180.64
Bien o hai bac 1 cua ap chnh lu
U1m
{V}
144
He so meo dang toan phan
THD
{%}
190.3
e.Gia tr phan tch Fourier cho dong pha tai:
Tr trung bnh dong pha tai
Bien o hai bac 1 dong pha tai
He so meo dang

I1DC
I1m
THD

{A}
{A}
{%}

65.41
1.017
90.89

f.Tr trung bnh ap chnh lu khi thay oi goc ieu khien:

Goc ieu khien
Tr trung bnh ap chnh lu

Ud

o 0
30
45
60
90
{V} 256.59 221.65 180.64 127.32 52.28

g.Tnh toan theo ly thuyet

U d ( )=

3 6
U cos
2

U: tr hieu dung ap pha

Goc ieu khien
Tr trung bnh ap chnh lu

Ud

o 0
30
45
60
90
{V} 256.59 222.2 181.4 128.3 50

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 1-5

h.ac tuyen Ud=f()

300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0

30

45

60

90

Hnh 1-5: c tuyn Ud=f()

Nhn xt :
Vi cch tnh tan bng cng thc v m phng bng Psim th in p ti
gn nh bng nhau.
Sai lch nh gia hai cch tnh l do Psim l tng ha cc thng s
cho linh kin trong mch m phng ging nh l thuyt..
T o th suy ra gia tr e tr trung bnh ap tai bang 100V 65 o
II- BO CHNH LU CAU 1 PHA IEU KHIEN HOAN TOAN:
Cac tham so
Ky hieu
n v
Gia tr
Tr hieu dung ap day nguon
Up
V
380
Tan so ap nguon
f
Hz
50

ien tr tai
R
1
Cam khang tai
L
mH
50
Sc ien ong
E
V
50

Goc ieu khien chnh lu

o
60
Mach mo phong:

Hnh 1-6: Mch chnh lu cu iu khin pha ton phn

http://www.khvt.com

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 1-6

a.Gian o ap chnh lu ud va dong chnh lu id

Hnh 1-7: Gin p chnh lu v dng chnh lu trn ti

b.Gian o ap tren linh kien uv1 va dong tren linh kien iv1

Hnh 1-8: Gin dng v p trn linh kin

c.Gian o ap va dong pha nguon

Hnh 1-9: Gin dng pha ngun

d.Ga tr phan tch Fourier cho ap chnh lu

Tr trung bnh ap chnh lu
Ud
Bien o hai bac 1 cua ap chnh lu
U1m

http://www.khvt.com

{V}
{V}

171
0

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 1-7

He so meo dang toan phan

THD
{%}
5
III- BO CHNH LU CAU 3 PHA IEU KHIEN HOAN TOAN:
Cac tham so
Tr hieu dung ap day nguon
Tan so ap nguon
ien tr tai
Cam khang tai
Sc ien ong
Goc ieu khien chnh lu

Ky hieu
Up
f
R
L
E

n v
V
Hz

mH
V
o

Mach mo phong:

Hnh 1-10: Mch chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin hon ton

a.Gian o ap chnh lu ud va dong chnh lu id

Hnh 1-11: Gin p v dng chnh lu trn ti

http://www.khvt.com

Gia tr
380
50
1
50
50
120

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 1-8

b.Gian o ap tren linh kien uv1 va dong tren linh kien iv1

Hnh 1-12: Gin dng v p trn linh kin

c.Gian o ap va dong pha nguon

Hnh 1-13: Gin dng v p pha ngun

d.Gia tr phan tch Fourier cho ap chnh lu:

Tr trung bnh ap chnh lu
Bien o hai bac 1 cua ap chnh lu
He so meo dang toan phan

Ud
U1m
THD

http://www.khvt.com

{V}
{V}
{%}

256
1.21
29.68

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Bi 2:

MCH KCH THYSISTOR

Hnh 2-1: S mch kch SCR

I.Kt qu th nghim:
1. Dng sng ti v tr 1:

2. Dng sng ti v tr2:

Hnh 2-2: Dng p sau khi qua bin p

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Trang 2-9

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Hnh 2-3: Dng sng sau khi qua b so snh

3. Dng sng ti v tr3

Hnh 2-4: Dng sng ti chn Emitor ca Transistor (S3)

4. Dng sng ti v tr4

Hnh 2-5: Dng sng sau khi qua b o (S4)

5. Dng sng ti v tr5

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Trang 2-10

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Hnh 2-6: Dng sng sau khi qua b so snh 2

6. Dng sng ti v tr6

7.Dng sng ti v tr7

Hnh 2-7: Dng sng ca IC 555

Hnh 2-8: Dng sng sau khi qua cng logic AND (trc khi kch TST)

8.Dng sng ca xung lng

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Trang 2-11

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Hnh 2-9: Dng p ca xung lng

9.Thay i gc kch

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Trang 2-12

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 3-13

II.Nhn xt:
a. Sng ra th 2 v 5 khng i xng hon ton do 2 ngun Vcc v Vcc ca opamp
khng ging nhau hoc do c tnh ca Opamp.
b. Sng ra tam gic th 3 v 4 khng thng hon ton v c tnh np ca t in.
c. Ng ra ca 555 l 4V do c tnh ca 555 v ngun cp cho n.
d. Duty cycle ca 555 khong 0.7~0.8 (70%-80%)

Bi 3:

TH NGHIM B CHNH LU BA PHA IU KHIN

HON TON

I . S o mach :

Hnh 3-1: S th nghim mch 3 pha iu khin hon ton

II . Bo chnh lu cau ba pha ieu khien hoan toan tai R :

1 . Gian o ap va dong tai :

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 3-14

Hnh 3-2: Gin dng v p trn ti

Nhan xet :
+ Ap tai va dong tai co dang 6 xung ung nh ly thuyet
+ Dong tai co the lien tuc hay gian oan tuy theo goc alpha ( <600 hay >600)
2 . Gian o ap va dong tren linh kien S1 :

Hnh 3-3: Gin p v dng trn linh kin

Nhan xet :
+Quan sat c ap tren linh kien ta se de dang bit c goc kch alpha t he thc
Tk
= * 2 trong o Tk la thi gian xuat hien ap khoa dng tren linh kien , T la chu ky
T
li nh a ve hnh tren.
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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 3-15

+ Moi linh kien dan ien trong 1/3 chu ky nen dong qua linh kien co the suy t dong tai
bang cach lay 1/3 dong qua tai nh o th tren.
3 . Gin o dong nguon :

Hnh 3-4: Gin dng trn 1 pha ngun

Nhan xet:
+ dong qua nguon la tong hp cua dong qua linh kien V1 va V4 : id = i1 i4
Tren hnh ta thay phan dong dng la cua i1 , phan dong am la do thanh phan i4 ma ra
+ khi V1 dan th V4 khong dan va ngc lai.
4 . Xay dng ac tuyen ieu khien : Ud= f ( )
Alpha (o)
Ud (V)
Id (A)

30
95
2.65

45
81
2.16

60
55
1.5

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90
10
0.4

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 3-16

dac tuyen dieu khien Ud=f(alpha)

120

100

Ud

80

60

40

20

0
10

20

30

40

50
alpha ( do)

60

70

80

90

Hnh 3-5: c tuyn iu khin

Nhan xet :
+ ap trung bnh qua tai nh ta thay , o la mot ham ty le nghch vi goc alpha hay noi
ung hn o la quan he ham cos ma ta ch quan sat trong oan ngan s thay oi cua goc
3 6
alpha , ta co Ud =
U cos , khi alpha tien ve 900 ap trung bnh tien ve 0 va bang 0

khi =90 , ay ac tuyen cho thay ap tai cha bang 0 v ly do dong tai khong lien tuc
khi ln nen khong the dung cong thc tren cho goc ln
0

5 . Xay dng ac tuyen tai : Ud = f ( Id)

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 3-17

dac tuyen tai Ud=f(Id)

120

100

Ud

80

60

40

20

0.5

1.5
Id

2.5

Hnh 3-6: c tuyn ti

Nhan xet :
+ ap tai va dong tai t le thuan nhau khi thay oi t 0 900
+ oi vi tai R mach ch co the hoat ong phan t th nhat tc che o chnh lu
III . Tai RL :
1 . Gin o ap va dong tai :

Nhan xet:

Hnh 3-7: Gin dng v p ti

+ tai RL lam cho dong lien tuc va ap tai luon c tnh theo cong thc: Ud =
nh vay ap trung bnh co the nhan gia tr am la bnh thng.
2 . Gian o ap va dong tren linh kien S1 :

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3 6

U cos ,

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 3-18

Hnh 3-8: Gin dng v p trn linh kin S1

3 . Gian o dong nguon :

Hnh 3-9: Gin dng ngun

4 . Xay dng ac tuyen ieu khien :

Alpha ( o )
Ud (V)
Id(A)

30
90
2.1

45
73
1.7

60
53
1.25

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90
4.5
0.1

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Hnh 3-10: c tuyn iu khin

Trang 3-19

Nhan xet :
+Dong tai lien tuc nen ap tai lien he vi alpha theo bieu thc tren , tuy nhien ap cha ve 0
900 co le do sai so o ac , tuy nhien co the so sanh vi trng hp tai R ta thay ap tai
900 trong trng hp nay nho hn nhieu
5 . ac tuyen tai :

Hnh 3-11: c tuyn ti

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Bi 4:

Trang 4-20

B BIN I IN P XOAY CHIU 3 PHA

S b bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha dng y :

Hnh 4-1: S b bin i p 3 pha dng y

+Ti 3 pha i xng: R=25.

1. Gc kch = 300:
Dng sng in p ti v dng in ti trn pha A:

Hnh 4-2: Dng sng in p v dng in ti trn pha A (ti R)

Nhn xt: Do ti thun tr nn dng ca in p ti v dng in ti l hon ton ging nhau.

T in p ti quan st c trn Oscilloscope ta c th suy ra dng in ti bng cng thc:
U
I= .
R

Hnh 4-3:Dng sng in p ti pha A v pha C quan st ng thi

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Hnh 4-4: Dng sng in p v dng in trn thysistor 1

2. Gc kch = 750:

Hnh 4-5: Dng sng in p ti v dng in ti trn pha A

Hnh 4-6: Dng sng in p ti pha A v pha C quan st ng thi

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Trang 4-21

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 4-22

Hnh 4-7: Dng sng in p v dng in trn thysistor 1

3. Xy dng c tuyn iu khin:

20
30
45
UZA (V)
42.0
40.5
38.0
IZA (A)
1.68
1.62
1.52
c tuyn iu khin:

60
33.0
1.32

Hnh 4-8: c tuyn iu khin dng p

Hnh 4-9: c tuyn iu khin dng dng

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75
13.6
0.544

90
0.6
0.024

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Bi 5:
5.a.

Trang 5-23

TH NGHIM B BIN I P MT CHIU

Phng n thc hin:

Tn s ng ngt(Hz)
400

T s z
0.4

5.b.

Trnh t th nghim:

5.c.

B bin i in p o dng 1 :

p ngun (V)
40

S mch th nghim:

Hnh 5-1: S b bin i p mt chiu o dng

Bn th nghim h cun dy, ch s dng mch c ti tr R

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Hnh 5-2: Gin xung kch ng ngt cc kha vi z=0.4

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Trang 5-24

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Hnh 5-3: Gin dng v p ti vi z=0.4, Us=40V, R=42

Hnh 5-4: Gin dng v p trn linh kin th 1 (V5)

Cng thc tnh p trung bnh: Uz=zUs

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Trang 5-25

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

5.d.

Trang 5-26

B bin i in p mt chiu tng qut:

Hnh 5-5: S mch th nghim b bin i p mt chiu tng qut

Hnh 5-6: Gin xung kch mch bin i p mt chiu tng qut vi z=0.4

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 5-27

Hnh 5-7: Gin dng v p qua linh kin S1

Hnh 5-8: Gin dng v p qua ti R vi R=42

Gi tr z v tr trung bnh in p:
z
0.2
0.4
UzDC
-22.5
-9
IzDC
-0.5
-0.25
Uz*
-24
-8
Cng thc tnh: Uz=(2z-1)Us

0.6
9
0.25
8

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0.8
23
0.5
24

1
39
0.85
40

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

5.e.

Trang 5-28

Cng thc n tp:

Cng thc tnh tr trung bnh p ti v dng ti:

o B gim p:
Uz=zU vi z=T1/T
IZ=(UZ - E) / R
vi tai RLE ch dng lin tc.
o B tng p:
Uz = (1-z)U
vi Z = T1 / T
IZ=(UZ - E) / R
vi tai RLE
o Dng tng qut:
Uz = (2z -1)*U
IZ=(UZ - E) / R
vi ti RLE dng lin tc

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Bi 6:

TH NGHIM B BIN TN NGUN P

I/ Bo bien tan mot pha :

Dang song kch :

Hnh 6-1: S th nghim b bin tn 1 pha

Hnh 6-2: Dng sng kch cho cc ng ngt bn dn

Dang song ien ap tai va dong qua tai uz, iz

Hnh 6-3: Dng sng in p ti

Hnh 6-4: Dng sng dng ti

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Trang 6-29

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 6-30

Dang song ien ap va dong qua linh kien S1 : u(S1), i(S1)

Hnh 6-5: Dng sng dng v p trn linh kin S1

Ud
Uz

[V]
[V]

5
3.6

10
9.7

25
27.4

40
42.7

50
56

Uz

ac tuyen ieu khien Uz = f(Ud) ti f=140Hz

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

20

40
Ud

Hnh 6-6: c tuyn iu khin dng p

Uz = 45V => Ud = 44.8V

II/ Bobien tan ba pha :
Dang song kch :

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60

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 6-31

Hnh 6-7: Dng xung kch cho cc ng ngt bn dn ca b bin tn 3 pha

Dang song ien ap tai va dong qua tai uA,iA ; uB,iB ; uC,iC :
B

Hnh 6-8: Dng sng in p v dng trn ti

Hnh 6-9: Dng sng in p v dng trn ti (tt)

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Bo co th nghim in t cng sut 1

Trang 6-32

Dang song ien ap va dong qua linh kien S1 : u(S1), i(S1)

Hnh 6-10: Dng sng in p v dng trn linh kin (S1)

Ud
Uz

[V]
[V]

5
1.55

10
4.26

25
11.5

40
20.15

50
24.65

ac tuyen ieu khien Uz = f(Ud)

30
25
Uz

20
15
10
5
0
0

10

20

30

40

Ud

Uz = 45V => Ud = 95.12V

Hnh 6-11: c tuyn iu khin dng p

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50

60