06

6.1

258

6.2

258

6.3

259

6.4

265

295

268

298

272

299

6.5 ,

()


.



.
Paul Raftery / Alamy
Limited .

6.6

*6.7

274
284
288

258

6.1
.
, ,
. .
7 9 .

. .
V M
. .
.
(6.2),
. 6.3 .

. .

.

6.2
.
, ,
. .
, .
.
. 6.1 .
x , y,
z . 6.1a ,
. , (
6.1b) . , . 6.1c
. L (span) .
.

6 259

P1

P2

w2

M0

w1
x
L

(a)

(b)

L
(c)

6.1 (a) (b) (c)

. , I T I T
. , .
. B.7 B.12( B) .
(W-beam), I (S-beam), C ( ) L
. (web) , (flange) .
6.1
. 1.5
R M / . P1 P2
M . ()
w () w1 w2
. (6.5 ) .
6.1 , P1, w, w1, w2 , P2 M0 .

6.3

. , (1.2) 3 .
6.1 (statically determinate) . ,
. , (statically
indeterminate) .
10 12 .
6.2 2 (combined
beam) .

260

, .
. ,
, .

P
w

Hinge

6.2

.
.
(3.2 ) .

.

6.1

A B ( 6.3a)
2 Pe Me .
L = 6 m, Pe = 1 kN, Me = 50 N.m, w0 = 14 kN .
A RA MA .

1. .
2. w0
( 6.3b) .
3. .

6 261

Pe

Pe

w0

(b)

(c)

Me

Me
L /4

L /2
L

L /3
w0 L/2

(a)

Pe

Pe
RAx
A

MA

Me

Me
L /4

L /2

RAy
L

6.3 (a) (b) (c)

. 6.3 . (
) , w0L/2 .

. .

M
F

= 0:
A

= 0:

= 0:

R Axx = 0
1
L
L
L
wL
Pe 2 M e Pe + M A = 0
4
2
2 0 3

MA =

1
R Ay 2Pe + w 0L = 0
2

1
R Ay = 2Pe wL
2

3
1
P L w 0L2 + 2 M e
4 e
6

.
R Ax = 0

M A = 79400 N in. = 79.4 kN m

R Ay = 40000 N = 40 kN

6.3c RAy MA .

6.2

AB ABC P = 15 kN w = 10 kN/m( 6.4a)

262

. B C .
.

P = 15 kN
w = 10 kN/m
(a)
A

B
a=2m

C
L=4m

15 kN

wL = 40 kN

(b)
A

B
2m

4m

RB

C
RCy

RCx

6.4 (a) 2 (b)

( ) wL .
RB RC . ( 6.4b)
.

F = 0 :
M = 0 : 15 (2) 40 (2) + R (4) = 0
M = 15 (6) R (4) + 40 (2) = 0
x

Cy

RCx = 0
RCy = 12.5 kN
R B = 42.5 kN

= 0:

15 + 42.5 40 + 12.5 = 0

RB RC 6.4b .

6.3

6.5a AB P M0 .
A B .

6 263

( 6.5b) RAx, RAy RB .

.

M
M

= 0:
A

R Ax = 0

L
= 0 : RB (L ) M 0 P = 0
4
= 0:

RB =

3L
R Ay ( L ) + P M 0 = 0
4

R Ay =

P M0
+

L
4
3P M 0

4
L

= 0:

3P M 0
P M
+
P + + 0 =0
4
4
L
L

6.5b .

B
C
L /4

M0

L /4

L /2

P
A

RAx

C
L /4

M0

L /4

RAy

L /2
RB

6.5 (a) P M0 (b)

6.4

AHB 6.6a AH HB . AH
P = 10 kN . HB H w1 = 2 kN/m, B w2 = 4 kN
.

264

6 kN
P = 10 kN

2m

Hx

3m
Hy

RB
(c)

(a)

10 kN

1m

1m

Hinge H
2m

3 kN

w2 = 4 kN/m

w1 = 2 kN/m

4 kN/m

2 kN/m

10 kN

MA

Hy

MA
A

RAx

H
Hx

RAx
RB
RAy

RAy
(b)

(d)

6.6 (a) (b-d) , BH, AH

.
6.6b . 4
. ( 6.6c d)
. 6 6
.
( 6.6c) 2
. 2 (23)/2 = 3 kN (43)/2 = 6 kN
. .

F = 0 :
M = 0:
F = 0 :

Hx = 0

R B (3 ) 6 (2 ) 3 (1) = 0

R B = 5 kN

H y 3 6 + RB = 0

H y = 4 kN

Hx Hy AH . 6.6d
.

F
F

= 0:

R Ax = 0

= 0 : R Ay 10 4 = 0

R Ay = 14 kN

= 0 : M A 10 (2 ) 4 ( 4 ) = 0

M A = 36 kN m = 36 kN m

6 265

Hy, RB RA
. MA A .

6.4

, V M(1.6 ).
.
.
6.7a . x
O , 2
( 6.7b).
6.7c x/2 wx
. SFy = 0 SM0 = 0 .
V = P wx

1
M = Px wx 2
2

y
P

A
O

VO

O V

x
(a)

(b)
wx
P
x/2

A
O
x

(c)
6.7 V M (a) (b) AO BO
(c) P wx AO

V
. M

266

. V M
.

.
. 6.5
. V M
.

1.6
. 2 ( 6.8a)
V M .
,

( 6.8b) .
.

+V

-V

+M

-M

(a)

+V

-V

+M

-M

(b)

6.8 (a) (b) ( )

6.5

6.9a A B . C B w = 10 kN/m

6 267

, P = 5 kN .
CD O . 1.6 m
O V M .

P = 5 kN
w = 10 kN/m
(a)

C
1m

4m

1m
5 kN

10 kN/m
(b)

RA = 15 kN

RB = 30 kN
10 kN/m

(c)

M
C

15 kN

6-x
10 kN/m

5 kN

(d)

30 kN

6.9 (a) (b-d) , AO, DO

6.9b RA = 15 kN RB = 30 kN.
A, B, C, D .
A B . C B O ( 6.9c).
V M . 6.9c
1, x , 5 .

= 0:
O

= 0:

15 10 ( x 1) V = 0
15x + 10 ( x 1)

x 1
+M =0
2

268

V = 10x + 25

M = 5x 2 + 25x 5

(a)

AC BC V M . (a) x = 3.4 m
V = -9 kN M = 22.2 kN.m .
D C . ( 6.9d) V M .
SFy = 0 SMO = 0 x = 3.4 m .
V = 30 + 10 (1.6 ) + 5 = 9 kN
M = 30 (1.6 ) 5 ( 6 3.4 ) 10 (2.6 1)

2.6 1
= 22.2 kN m
2

x = 3.4 m
.

6.1 ~ 6.4
6.1 P6.1 w = 2 kip/ft

P = 4 kips .

P = 10 kN
w = 4 kN/m

A 7 ft O V
M .

x
A

2m

P = 4 kips

1m

B
1m

w = 2 kip/ft
x
A

O
7 ft
10 ft

C
5 ft

P6.2

B
5 ft

6.3 ABCD AB CD
P P ( P6.3).

P6.1

6.2 P6.2 w = 2 kN/m

V M .
P

P = 10 kN
.
(a) AC
(b) V M

B
a

C
L

P6.3

D
a

6 269

6.4 6.4 AB C CFE

6.7 AB P6.7

. CD

. A 0 B w0

V M .

D V M .

(a)
V M
(b) V M

2 kN
y
E

200 N/m

w0

x
A

x
A

1m

0.8 m

1m

4m

B
L

P6.4

P6.7

6.5 AB P6.5 A C

6.8 AB P6.8 A 10 kN/m B

, C B

30 kN/m

(a) AC V M

(a)

(b) C V M

V M
(b) 4 m V M

y
y

20 lb/ft
x
A

3 ft

30 kN/m

10 kN/m
A

3 ft

6m

P6.8

P6.5

6.6 B C ABC A

*6.9 AH HB H AHBC

P = 2 kips C M = 10 kip. ft

w = 600 lb/ft ( P6.9).

. C 6 ft

O V M .

(a) A, B, C RA, RB RC
(b) AH V

M
(c) A 3 ft V M

P = 2 kips

M0 = 10 kips.ft
x

C
6 ft

4 ft

10 ft

P6.6

270

1.2 kips

w = 600 lb/ft

3 kip.ft
x

x
A

H
4 ft

Hinge
2 ft

4 ft

2 ft

6 ft

P6.9

P6.12

6.10 AHB A
, B , B

w0

( P6.10). .
x

(a) RA, RB MB

(b) HB V

L /2

L /2

M
P6.13
y

6.14 ~ 6.15 P6.14 P6.15 CB

O V M ,
x
A

V M .

Hinge

L /3

P6.10

10 kN

50 kN

6.11 ABCDE P6.11 B E

0.8 m
x

A
O

. A B w =
500 N/m , C P1 = 3 kN D

1m

2m

1.5 m

1m

P2 = 4 kN . .
(a) BC V

20 kN

M
(b) BC V M

P6.14

y
P1 = 3 kN

P2 = 4 kN

w = 500 N/m

40 kN
2 kN/m
x

B
2m

C
2m

D
1.5 m

A
C

1.5 m

P6.11

2m

4m

P6.15

6.12 ~ 6.13 P6.12 P6.13 CB

O V M ,
V M .

x
B

D
2m

6 271

6.16 ~ 6.17 P6.16 P6.17 CB

O V M ,
y

V M .

60 kN

20 kN
B

E
x

A
O
P

2m

Hinge

2m

1m

2m

2m

PL /4
O
A
B

L /3

L /3

P6.19

L /3

6.20 P6.20 ABCD BC w =

P6.16

4 MN/m .
w .
CB O V

2 kips
y

4
2 ft

M , V M

250 lb/ft

A
B
2 ft

C
4 ft

4 ft

P6.17

*6.18 ~ *6.19 P6.18 P6.19 CB

3m

O
4m

O V M
, V M .

6
6 kN/m
3 kN/m
y
D

B
x

A
O
2m

4m

P6.18

Uniform
reaction

w = 4 MN/m

2m

2m

P6.20

wr
3m

272

6.5 ,

. ,
. 6.6
.
. 6.8 .
( 6.10a) .
(+y ) ,
. . xy z
.

w dx
dx/2
y

w
P
y
M0

dx
(a)

M + dM

x
B

dx

V + dV

(b)

6.10 (a)
(b) , (w, P, M0) (V, M)

6.10a , dx
. w 6.10b
. x x + dx , V M dV dM .
6.10b w dx . w
dx .
6.10b .

= 0:

V (V + dV ) + w dx = 0

6 273

.
dV
=w
dx

(6.1)

w .
(w = 0) .
dV
=0
dx
.
,
dV
=
dx
, .
(6.1) x A B
VB V A =

B
A

w dx

(6.2a)

VB-VA = A B

(6.2b)

(6.1) .
w A B (6.2) .

6.10b O 0 .

= 0:

( M + dM ) M V dx w dx

dx
=0
2

,
.
dM
=V
dx

(6.3)

(6.3) V .
. (6.3)
. (6.3) A B .

274

MB MA =

B
A

V dx

(6.4a)

MB-MA = A B

(6.4b)

(6.1) (6.3)
. (6.3) . (6.4)
A B A B
.

6.6
.
. ,
(x) . x
.
V M 6.4 6.8 .
( )
. ,
.
( 6.1 6.3).
.
.
.
. .

(6.4 ) V
M . V M
. V M .

.
(x) .

6 275

.
0 . 6.6 6.9 .

.
.
. .
1. .
2. (6.2)
. (6.1) . 0
.
3. 0
(6.4) . (6.3)
.
6.1 .
.
. 6.9 6.11 .
6.1
Loading

dV
dx

Shear Diagram -- = w

dM
dx

Moment Diagram -- = V

276

6.6

6.11a .
.
( 6.11b) .
RA =

Pb

RB =

Pa

P
a
(a)

(b)

B
C

C
RA = Pb/L

(c)

M1

A
x

RB = Pa/L

Pb/L
(e)

V1

C
A

Pb/L
-Pa/L
P

M2

(d) A

C
x

Pab/L

V2

(f)

C
A

Pb/L

6.11 (a) P (b)

(c, d) AO (e) (f)

6 277

A C . P V M ( 6.11c)
. 0, x , a SFy = 0 SM0 = 0 .
V1 =

Pb
L

M1 =

Pb
x
L

6.11e f .
C B . P ( 6.11d) . a, x , L

SFy = 0 SMO = 0 .
V2 =

Pb
Pb
P =
L
L

M2 =

Pb
x P (x a )
L

6.11e f .
6.11e f
. P C
. P .

6.7

ABC A P1 = 6 kN , C CDE P2 = 10 kN
( 6.12a).
.
10 kN C - . B
( 6.12b) .
RB = 16 kN

MB = 100 kN.m

A C . ( 6.12c). 0, x , 4

SFy = 0 SMO = 0 .
V1 = -6

M1 = -6x

(a)

C B . ( 6.12d) . SFy = 0 SMO = 0

. 4, x , 10 .
V2 = -16

M2 = 16(10 - x) - 100

(b)

(a) (b) ( 6.12e) ( 6.12f) . C

20 kN.m .

278

P2 = 10 kN
kips
m
2 ft

kN
P1 = 6 kips

10 kN
kips

kN
6 kips

kN..m
20 kip
ft

B
(a)

(b)
C

4m
ft

kN..m
ft
MB = 100 kip

m
6 ft

B
kN
RB = 16 kips

6 kN
kips
kN
V, kips

(c)

M1

A
O
x

(e)

V1

-6
-16
kN..m
M, kip
ft

100 kN
kip..m
ft
V2
(d)

M2

(f)
O

-4

10 - x

-24
kN
16 kips

-100

6.12 (a) (b) (c, d) AO BO

(e) (f)

6.8

6.13 . a = 0.15 m, L = 1.3 m,
P = 1 kN .

.
6.14a A D

( 6.14b) R = P .

Bar

P ABCD .

Weight
P

A, B, C, D .
Stand

6.14c 6.14d . V
M . SFy = 0 SMO = 0
(0 , x , a) .
V1 = -P

M1 = -Px

, a, x , L - a .

6.13

6 279

L
(a)

D
B

(b)

a
R=P

R=P

P
P

V
M1

(c)

(e)

O
V1
x

-P
P

M
x
B

(d)

M2

( f)

O
V2

-Pa

6.14 (a) 6.13 , (b) , (c, d) AO ,

(e) , (f)

V2 = 0

M2 = -Pa

6.14e 6.14f
. . .
Vmax = P = 1 kN

Mmax = Pa = 150 N.m

CD , -Pa .
. AC BD M1
.

6.9

AB 6.15a w .
.
(a)

(b)

RA = RB = wL/2 ( 6.15b).
(a) (). x . V M
( 6.15c).
. SFy = 0 SMO = 0 .

280

L
RA = wL /2

(a)

RB = wL /2
(b)

V
wL /2

w
M

O
x

xm = L /2

-wL /2
(d)

wL /2
(c)
wL2/8
M
A

(e)

6.15 (a) (b, c) AO (d) (e)

1
V = wL wx
2

(c)

1
1
M = wLx wx 2
2
2

(d)

(2) .
6.15d 6.15e .
0 , V = 0 = dM/dx
. (c)
1
V = wL wxm = 0
2
xm = L/2 . (d)
Mmax = wL2/8 . ( C) .
(b) .
( 6.15d). A A V =
wL/2 . dV/dx = -w . .
V B V A = wL

1
V B = wL
2

B (wL/2) VB
. 0 .

6 281

= w =

1
2

wL
xm

xm = L , .
2
( 6.15e). MA = 0 . , wL/2
0 .
(a) .
M max =

1 wL L 1 2
= wL
2 2 2 8

A . x = L/2 x = L
wL2/8 B 0 .

6.10

6.16a A B . AB P = 20 kN
w = 4 kN/m .
.
( 6.16b) .
RA = 25 kN

RB = 35 kN

P = 20 kN

20 kN
w = 4 kN/m

C
4m

4 kN/m

B
4m

(b)

C
4m

2m

4m

RA = 25 kN

(a)

B
2m
RB = 35 kN

V, kN
25
9

A1

(c)

11

A2

B
-27

A3

68
M, kN.m
(d)

B
C

-8

7.7 m

6.16 (a) (b) (c) (d)

282

( 6.16c). A VA = RA 25 kN .
-w. (6.2) .
VC - VA = -(4)(4) = -16

VC = 9 kN

VC C . C 20 kN VC = -11 kN
. B .
VB - VC = -(4)(4) = -16

VB = -27 kN

B 35 kN VB = 8 kN .
.
VD- VB = -(4)(2) = -8

VD = 0

-27 kN B .
( 6.16c). 0. A1 = 68 kN.m,
A2 = -76 kN.m, A3 = 8 kN.m . (6.4) .
MC - MA = 68

MC = 68 kN.m

MB - MC = -76

MB = -8 kN.m

MD - MB = 8

MD = 0

A C
. C B , B D
. Mmax = 68 kN.m.

6.11

6.17a CADBE CA BE . A w0 = 8 kN/m
CA , D P1 = 20 kN E P2 = 6 kN .
.
( 6.17b) .
RA = 12.8 kN

RB = 19.2 kN

( 6.17c). C VC 0. (6.2) .
V A VC =

1
( 8 )(1.5) = 6
2

V A = 6 kN

A . C A
. AD, DB, BE

6 283

w0 = 8 kN/m
P1 = 20 kN

8 kN/m
P2 = 6 kN

E
A
1.5 m

D
1.5 m

1m

20 kN

8x /1.5

6 kN

E
A
x
1.5 m
1.5 m
RA = 12.8 kN

B
1m

1m
1m
RB = 19.2 kN
(b)

(a)
V, kN
(c)

6.8

A
-6

6
D

-13.2
7.2
M, kN.m
(d)

A
C

B
D

-3

-6

6.17 (a) (b) (c) (d)

0. , .
A 12.8 kN 6.8 kN . D
, D 20 kN -13.2 kN .
B 6 kN . E , E 6 kN
0 . Vmax = -13.2 kN BD .
( 6.17d). C MC = 0. (6.4) .
1.5 1 8x

M A MC =
x dx
0 2 1.5

M A = 3 kN m

M D M A = 6.8 (1.5)

M D = 7.2 kN m

M B M D = 13.2 (1)

M B = 6 kN m

M E M B = 6 (1)

ME = 0

ME 0 .
C A C 0 3 . AD,
DB, BE . Mmax = 7.2 kN D .

284

. .

6.5 ~ 6.6
6.21 ~ 6.22 P6.12 P6.13

V M (
).

C
D

A
a

a
L

6.23 ~ 6.24 P6.14 P6.15

V M (

P6.31

).

6.25 ~ 6.26 P6.16 P6.17

6.32 ABCD P6.32 A B

V M (

CD w

).

. V M
.

*6.27 ~ *6.28 P6.18 P6.19

V M (
).

C
L /4

B
L /2

D
L /4

6.29 P6.20 V
M ( ).

6.30 P6.30 C

P6.32

6.33 P6.33 A 0 B wo

P D P .

V M (

V M .

).

w0
P

P
A

B
C
L /3

D
L /3

L /3

P6.30

P6.33

6.34 P6.34 AB C

6.31 AB CD w

CDE P .

w ( P6.31). V

V M

M ( ).

6 285

L/2

L/4

6.38 P6.38 ACB AC

L/4
C

w .
V M .

D
w
P
A
C

P6.34

2L /3

6.35 ABCD P6.35 C 2P

BD P .

L /3

P6.38

V M .
*6.39 ACB AC
2P

, CB
( P6.39). C 0

D
A

w0
. V M
.
y

P6.35
w0

6.36 P6.36 ABC AB

w0

2w, BC
x

w .

V M .

L /2

2w

L /2

P6.39

L/2

*6.40 ABCD C AC

CD P6.40 .

L/2

V M
.

P6.36

1.5 kN
3 kN/m

Hinge

6.37 ABC AB w = 2 kip/ft

P = 20 kips
( P6.37). V

A
3m

C
2m

D
1m

1m

M .
P = 20 kips

P6.40

w = 2 kip/ft

6.41 ~ 6.42 P6.41 P6.42

A
B
4 ft

C
2 ft

P6.37

V M
( ).

286

4 kips
3 kips/ft
A
A

B
L /4

C
6 ft

L /2

L /4

6 ft

P6.46
P6.41
P

6.47 ~ 6.48 P6.47 P6.48

V M (
).

A
2L /3

12 kN

L /3

30 kN

P6.42

B
A

D
2m

1m

0.5 m

6.43 ~ 6.44 P6.43 P6.44

V M (

P6.47

).
8 kips

w0
60 kip.ft
A

B
A

3 ft

6 ft

3 ft

P6.48

P6.43

6.49 ACDEB P6.49 C 6 kN

w0

, E 6 kN , D 2 kN.m
A

. V

B
C
L /2

M .
L /2
6 kN

6 kN

2 kN.m

P6.44
A

6.45 ~ 6.46 P6.45 P6.46

C
1.5 m

V M

D
1m

E
1m

B
1.5 m

P6.49

( ).
y

6.50 ~ 6.51 6.41 6.42

kx2

.
x
A

B
L

6.52 ~ 6.53 6.43 6.44

.

P6.45

6 287

6.54 ~ 6.55 6.45 6.46

6.59 ~ 6.60 A B

P6.57 P6.58
. M

*6.56 P6.56
. .

.
.

(a) T
V, kips

(b) xy Mz

1.4

(c) xz My
A
0.4 m

0.6 m

0.4 m

-2.6

-3
2 ft

3 kN
C

6 ft

4 ft

P6.59

r = 0.2 m
6 kN

4 ft

D
x

V, kips

5 kN

2 kN
5

P6.56

B
A

6.57~*6.58 A B
4 ft

P6.57 P6.58 .

6 ft

M .

4 ft

-5

P6.60

.
*6.61 ~ *6.62 A B

V, kN

P6.61 P6.62 .
M .

55
B
A

.
x
V, kN

-5
-45
2m

1m

2nd-degree
curve

10

1m

P6.57

V, kN
-20
1m

3m

25

P6.61
10

5
A

V, kips
6

2m

6m

-25
2m

4
A

-1

P6.58

4 ft

8 ft

P6.62

-9

4 ft

288

*6.7

. .
. 10
.
.
w(x), V(x) M(x)
.
. Macaulay (singularity function)
. (Macaulay ) . x
<x-a>n . n a

x .
, .
xn . <x-a>2 x2 .
x - a0

Macaulay
Macaulay .

x a

n
( x a )

x <a
for

n0

(n = 0, 1, 2,...)

(6.5)

a
n=0
(a)

a
n=1
(b)

a
n=2
(c)

x - a1

x a

, x a
. x a

a (x-a)n .
6.18 . <x-a>0 x = a
.

x - a2

. (6.5)
.
O

6.18 <x-a>n

6 289

x a

x a

0
=
1

x <a
x a

0
=
x a

(6.6)

x <a
x a

Macaulay .

x a dx =

x a

n +1

n +1

(6.7)

for n 0

6.2 3~8 (n = 0), (n = 1)

(parabolic spandrel) .

. V(x) = w(x)dx ,

M(x) = V(x)dx .

6.2
Case

Load on Beam

Equivalent Distributed Load

w(x) = M0<x - a>-2

w(x) = P<x - a>-1

w(x) = w<x - a>0

w
w(x) = -0<x - a>1
b

w0
w(x) = 2 <x - a>2
b

w(x) = w<x - a1>0

-w<x - a2>0

290

w
w(x) = -0<x - a1>1
b
w
- -0<x - a2>1
b

- w 0<x - a2>0

w(x) = w0<x - a1>0

w
- -0<x - a1>1
b
w
+ -0<x - a2>1
b

P
( 0) w = P/
( 6.19a).
P . .
w (x ) = P x a

0
=
P

x a
x = a

(6.8)

w , n = -1 .
M0
( 0) .
.
w (x ) = M 0 x a

0
=
M 0

x a
x = a

(6.9)

w n = -2 .
(6.8) (6.9) .

x a dx = x a

n +1

for n < 0 (n = 1, 2,....)

(6.10)

n 1 . 6.2 1 2
(6.10) .
(6.5) (6.10) x .
6.8 6.10 . 6.2
.
.

6 291

w (x)
w (x)
P x - a-1

P/

x
a

a
(a)

w (x)
w (x)
P/ = M0 /

M0 x - a-2
x

x
a

(b)
6.19 (a) P (b) M0

6.12
,
AB 6.20 M0 P .
V(x) M(x) .
(a) w(x)
.

P
M0

(a) w(x)
.

(a) .

B
a

RA

a
RB

( 6.20)
.

6.20 :

292

M
F

= 0 : R B (3a ) M 0 P (2a ) = 0

= 0:

2P M 0
+
=0
3
3a

RA P +

RB =

2P M 0
+
3
3a

RA =

P M0

3 3a

(a)

(6.8) (6.9) 6.2 1 2

w (x ) = R A x o

+ M0 x a

P x 2a

+ R B x 3a

(b)

<x>-1 .
(b) B x 0. V(x) M(x)
. w(x)
.
. (a) RA (b) .
P M
V (x ) = 0 x
3 3a
P M
M (x ) = 0 x
3 3a

+ M0 x a
+ M0 x a

P x 2a

P x 2a

(c)

(b) . (6.8) (6.10) 6.2

Case 1 Case 2 . .
w (x ) = M 0 x a

P x 2a

. .
V (x ) = M 0 x a
M (x ) = M 0 x a

P x 2a

+ C1

(d)

P x 2a

+ C 1x + C 2

(e)

M(0) = 0 M(3a) = 0 . (e) .

M (0) = C 2 = 0

M (3a ) = M 0 Pa + 3C 1a = 0

C1 .
C1 =

P 1
P 1

M =
M
x
3 3 0 3 3 0

(d) (e) (c) .

V(x) M(x) .
. (b)
.

6 293

6.13
,
AB 6.21a .
A x , , . .
( 6.21a) .

M
F

= 0:

= 0:

wL L
+ RB L = 0
2 4

RB =

1
wL
8

wL wL
+
=0
2
8

RA =

3
wL
8

RA

. 6.21b . 6.2 2 6
.
w (x ) =

3
wL x o
8

w x 0

+w x L 2

1
wL x L
8

(f)

. (f) .
V (x ) =

3
wL x
8

w x

+w x L 2

1
wL x L
8

(g)

y
w

(a)

C
L /2

C
w

3/8 wL

L /2
RB

RA

L /2

L /2
(b)

V
3/8 wL

xm = 3/8 L

(c)

-wL /8
M

9wL2/128

wL2/16

6.21 (a) w (b) (c)

1/8 wL

294

M (x ) =

3
wL x
8

1
w x
2

1
1
2
+ w x L 2 wL x L
2
8

(h)

. M V = 0 ,
(g) V(x) = 0 x . x < L/2 .

3
wL wxm = 0
8

xm = 3L 8

(h) .
M max =

3
9
3L 1 3L
wL w =
wL2
8 2 8 128
8

(g) (h) .

. (6.1) (6.4) .

6.14

AB 6.22a .
.
a = 1.4 m

w1 = 2 kN/m

M0 = 5 kN.m

w2 = 3 kN/m

A x .
( 6.22b)
.
y
w2

w1

M0
(a)
A

C
a

D
a

w2

w1

M0

w2 - w1

(b)
A

MA

C
a

D
a

RA
6.22 (a) (b)

6 295

. 6.22b .
RA =

a
1.4
w1 + w 2 ) =
(
(2 + 3) = 3.5 kN
2
2

M A = M 0 +

(i)

1.42
a2
7w 1 + 8w 2 ) = 5 +
(
(14 + 24) = 7.41 kN m
6
6

. 6.2 1, 2, 6, 7 .
w (x ) = R A x 0

MA x 0

w 2 w1
x 2a
a

M0 x a

w 2 w1
x 3a
a

w 1 x 2a

+ w 1 x 3a

+ (w 2 w 1 ) x 3a

6.12 <x - 3a> B .

V(x) M(x) . .
w (x ) = R A x
= 3.5 x

MA x

M0 x a

7.4 x

5 x 1.4

w1 x a

w 2 w1
x 2a
a

2 x 2.8

1
x 2.8
1.4

(j)

x w(x) m kN/m .
.

6.7
6.63 AB P6.63 P

6.64 AB b CB

M . w(x)

w ( P6.64).

V(x) M(x) .

w(x) V(x) M(x)

. a = b
.

y
w

M0 = Pa
B

x
A

a
L

P6.63

b
L

P6.64

296

6.65 AB P6.65 C, D, E

, C ( P6.68).

P . .

(a) ,

(a) w(x), V(x) M(x)

(b)

(b) M(x)

a = 1 m, P = 10 kN
y
P = 4 kN
P

w = 9 kN/m

P
A

A
C

D
a

E
a

3m

3a

B
1.5 m

P6.68

P6.65

6.69 AB C DEC

6.66 AB CD

P ( P6.6). .

w0 ( P6.66).

(a) w(x), V(x) M(x)

w(x) V(x) M(x)

(b) C M

w0

y
A
C

L/3

L/3

A
B

C
L/2

L/3

L/2

P6.69
P6.66

6.67 A B , C A

*6.70 P6.70

CAB P6.68

A B ,

. w(x) V(x)

M(x) .

(a) ,
.

(b) .
P = 4 kips

y
A

5 ft

x
M0 = 80 kip.ft

10 ft

P = 10 kN
w = 15 kN/m

P = 10 kN

P6.67
A
1m

6.68 A B , B C
ABC A B

B
2m

P6.70

1m

6 297

6.71 BD ABD P6.71

M0 P . w(x), V(x) M(x)

w0

.
x

A
P = 20 kN

B
3a

M0 = 16 kN.m

P6.74

A
2m

C
2m

2m

6.75 AB 2a BC
. ,

P6.71

6.72~6.73 AB

w0 ( P6.72
(a) w(x), V(x) M(x)

x
A

(b) (a) M(x) B .

P6.75
w0

w2

w1

P6.73). .

*6.76 AB P6.76
.
x

B
L/2

(a) w(x), V(x), M(x)

(b)

L/2

a = 2 ft, P = 4 kips, w = 1.5 kip/ft

P6.72
y
y

w
x

w0

C
2a

B
L/2

L/2

P6.73

*6.74 A B B C
ABC w0
( P6.74). .
(a) ,
(b)

P6.76

298

(V) (M) .
, .
(statically determinate beam) (statically indeterminate beam) 10 12
. , .
, 6.5 .
dV/dx w dM/dx V .
V 0 .
0 . .
.
V M
.
.
. . V M
, V M V
M .

dV dx = w
VB V A =

w dx = A B

6.5

dM dx = V
MB MA =

Macaulay

x a

x a
x a

V dx = A B

n
( x a )
0
=
1

for

n0

(n = 0, 1, 2,...)

x a

x <a
x a

0
=
x a

x a dx =

x <a

x <a
x a

x a

n +1

n +1

for n 0

6.7

6 299

w (x ) = P x a

w (x ) = M 0 x a

0
=
P

0
=
M 0

x a dx = x a

n +1

x a
x =a
x a
x =a
for n 0 (n = 1, 2,....)

* .

6.1 S. H. Carandall, N. C. Dahl, and T. J. Lardner, An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids, 2nd
with SI units, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978.
6.2 E. P. Popov, Introduction to Mechanics of Solids, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1968.
6.3 A. C. Ugural, Mechanics of Materials, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.
6.4 W. D. Pilkey,Clebschs Method for Beam Deflections,Journal of Engineering Education,
January 1964, pp. 170174.