Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Το Πείραμα Stanford
Το Πείραμα Stanford
:
2007
, Stanford . .
Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you
commit atrocities
VOLTAIRE
, Stanford . .
STANFORD
1.1
7
1.2. 11
1.3 ...14
H ANA
2.1
2.1.1 ...18
2.1.2 .24
2.1.3 .26
2.1.4 .30
2.2
2.2.1 ..35
2.2.2 .43
( Stanford .)
( - )
2.3 .
2.3.1 .52
2.3.2 : ...55
2.3.3 -
..58
, Stanford . .
2.3.4 - ..62
STANFORD
3.1 .
...82
3.2 Stanford 98
: .
bu Ghraib...103
110
126
, Stanford . .
Stanford
.
,
.
1971 Philip Zimbardo,
Stanford
.
,
,
,
, .
,
.
Zimbardo,
, Stanford . .
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
( )
.
(Foucault, Goffman).
,
, Stanford . .
. ,
Abu Ghraib.
.
,
.
, , , , , .
, Stanford . .
STANFORD
1.1
,
, ,
,
. 1
,
.
.
1
K, .(1994):, , ,
, .. , , .17.
, Stanford . .
,
.
,
. 2
, (
, ),
(
)
,
.
,
, . 3
,
,
. 1960
.
2
, (2002). , ,
, .47
3
. 48
, Stanford . .
.
(. )
(Sykes, Clemmer, Wheeler).
(
Irwin, Cressey) 4 .
50
70 , ,
.
,
,
,
Erving Goffman, Michel Foucault Thomas Szasz
.
60,
.
. 5
, .(1994):
: ,
, , .. , 41-2.
5
, (1999).
, , , .296-7
, Stanford . .
70,
nothing
works.
-
.
.
: )
. 6
Stanford,
.
,
.
70 imbardo
Stanford ,
( ).
,
,
.
, ,
, . (2004). , , , .270
10
, Stanford . .
.
,
,
. 7
,
. 8
1.2.
( )
.
imbardo
,
May J.P. Building violence, how Americas rush to incarcerate creates more violence, Sage, .107-8
Zimbardo, P.G. (2004). A situationist perspective on the psychology of evil: understansting how good
people are transformed into perpetrators, in A.G.Miller.The social psychology of good and evil, Guilford
Press, .21-22
8
11
, Stanford . .
,
. 9
,
( ),
. ,
,
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
:
( ),
(, , ...)
.
,
( ),
http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment
12
, Stanford . .
(
) . 10
imbardo ,
,
-. ,
( ),
. 11
, , , , ,
, , ,
. ,
,
(, , ,
),
,
,
( , , )
. 12
,
. (
) , imbardo
,
10
.. Zimbardo (2004) : 39
, .. (2005). , , , .121-2
11
12
13
, Stanford . .
.
,
.
. 13
,
, .
1.3
15$ (76 $
2006),
. ,
,
.
, .
13
Zimbardo, P.G.& Maslach.C.& Haney C.(2000). Reflections on the Stanford Prison Experiment:
Genesis, transformations, consequences. : T.Blass Obedience to Authority: Current perspectives on
the Milgram paradigm, Mahwah, N.J. Erlbaum, 195-8 Zimbardo (2004) . 21
14
, Stanford . .
( ).
( )
,
. 14
,
.
. ,
Palo Alto( )
. ,
. ,
(, ,
...).
,
.
. ,
,
. .
14
Zimbardo, P.G., Haney C.Banks,W.C. & Jaffe D. (1973). The mind is a formidable jailer: a
pirandellian prison. The New York Times Magazine, 6, .72-3 Zimbardo P.G.& Maslach.C.&
Haney C.2000, . 5-16
15
, Stanford . .
Zimbardo (o o ),
.
. , ,
.
Stanford .
,
. ,
,
. 15 .
O ,
.
.
.
,
.
. , ,
,
.
15
http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment
16
, Stanford . .
. ,
,
. 16
.
(
).
, , ,
. ,
( ) .
,
. 17
.
16
Haney C.Banks W.C. & imbardo P.G. (1973), . 81-82 Zimbardo P.G.& Maslach.C.& Haney
C.2000:195-8
17
Zimbardo, P.G.(1971). The power and pathology of imprisonment. Congressional Record. Hearings
before Subcommittee No 3, of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Ninety-Second
Congress, First Session on Corrections, Part II, prisons, prison reform and prisoner rights. Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 15 .111.
17
, Stanford . .
H ANA
2.1
-2.1.1.
, .
, , ,
.. , ,
- , ,
.. 18
.
Catch - all Concept, .
(real) (fictive).
.
.
, , ,
,
(.. )
18
, .(2003). , , , .27.
18
, Stanford . .
.
,
.
,
.
.
: ) ,
, )
, , ,
) .
Galtung (1975)
, ,
.
, ,
. ,
Galtung , ,
.
. 19
, ,
. ,
,
19
, . (1999).
, , , .61-2.
19
, Stanford . .
- ,
.
.
, .(T.P.Thorton).
,
.
( )
( ) . 20
H ,
( Engels). ,
.
,
,
. 21
rx ,
, .
,
, Marx ,
,
20
1969 :1 . , .. (1969). .
,.1,
S.Wolin Ch.Johnson.
21
rendt, H.(2000). , -: - , ,
, .66.
20
, Stanford . .
.
.
, , . 22
,
. 23 H
-
. ,
, , , ,
.
( ) (
).
. .
. 24
,
. ,
Wright Mills,
Weber
, , .
22
. 74
... 27
24
(1969), . 6-7
23
21
, Stanford . .
arx
. 25
,
, .
Jouvenel
. Voltaire,
,
, Weber,
Clauzewitz
. 26
,
. Jhn Stuart. Mill,
,
,
. ,
,
,
, ,
.
(how fit he is to sway /that can so well obey), :
.
Jhn.
25
26
rendt (2000),. 95
. 96
22
, Stanford . .
Stuart Mill, . ,
. 27
,
.
,
. 28
.
,
. ,
,
.
. .
, , .
, ,
.
,
.
. 29
, .
Ghandi
27
... 99
.. . 101 112
29
... 115 118
28
23
, Stanford . .
- Stalin,
Hitler, ,
, . 30
-2.1.2
,
;
.
Lorenz,
.
.
.
( ),
30
.. .115
24
, Stanford . .
.
.
Lorenz,
,
.
. ,
, . ,
.
Freud Lorenz. ,
,
. . ,
. 31
,
. ,
-
, . 32
31
- . (2003). ,
, . . , , , .229
32
, .(1980). , .
- , .., .4-15
25
, Stanford . .
Arendt
,
, ,
.
.
,
(group territorialism),
, ,
,
( , )
; 33
2.1.3
. :
( )
. , Freud,
:
33
26
, Stanford . .
(libido) .
: () ,
. ,
, .
,
,
.
,
frustration-agression (/ ) frustration
. 34
-
J. Dollard .
.
, .
,
, ,
. Adorno
34
.. (1980), .27-8
27
, Stanford . .
. 35
Dollard 1939,
(
)
(frustration).
. 36
.
, . Berkowitz,
( ,)
. ,
,
. 37
( ),
Tedeschi,
,
. ,
.
Tedeschi
35
.. - (2003), . 233
.. (1999), . 68
37
.. - (2003), . 234
36
28
, Stanford . .
Toch
. 38
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
. ,
.
. (
,
) 39 .
Arendt .
, .
,
- , -
, ,
. ..
38
39
. 239
.. rendt (2000), . 121
29
, Stanford . .
,
.
Arendt
. 40
- 2.1.4 -
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
40
. 124
30
, Stanford . .
,
.
,
.
.
, .
-
Albert Bandura Richard Walters
. Bandura,
,
,
(
) . ,
,
.
,
.
,
. 41
.
41
.. (1999), . 73
31
, Stanford . .
, .
.
,
.
,
,
.
: . 42
O Bandura
. ,
,
.
. ,
,
,
,
.
andura
42
. 74
32
, Stanford . .
: , , ,
.
Bandura,
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
. ,
.
Bandura,
. 43
Bandura
, . Stanford.
.
: ,
:
43
- (2003), .241
33
, Stanford . .
.
. .
(416)
..
.
: .
.
:
.. ,
.
. .
. ,
.
,
( )
(
,
). , ,
. 44
44
.261
34
, Stanford . .
2.2.
2.2.1.
: ) )
)
, )
. 45
.
. ,
-( ,
-) ,
. Megargee,
.
( )
, ,
, .
(Toch & Adams),
45
, ..(1986). , : , 2, .19
35
, Stanford . .
. David Cooke,
.
: )
, )
)
)
. 46
( ),
. ,
: ) ) ) .
,(deprivation model)
(Gffman). To
(Sykes). ,
Sykes, , ,
, .
46
Cooke, D.J.(1991). Violence in prisons: the influence of regime factors. The Howard Journal, 30, 98-9.
36
, Stanford . .
,
. , ,
.
, ,
. 47
, .
,
( ) ,
.
, , ,
, -
.
Stokols
(crowding)
.
,
(spatial)
47
Fisher Giorlando, M & Jiang, S.(2002). Inmate misconduct: a test of the deprivation, importation and
situational models.The Prison Journal, 82, 338-9
Sykes & Messinger: The inmate social system 1960 Wright: A study of individual, environmental and
interactive effects in explaining adjustment to prison 1991
37
, Stanford . .
( )
)
.
,
. Freedman
,
,
.
.
,
(
Bowker). 48
: )
)
-
,
48
Tartaro, C.(2002). The impact of density on jail violence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, .500-1.
38
, Stanford . .
. 49
.
Dilulio (
, )
) ,
)
)
.
,
: )
)
.
,
,
. 50
A, (importation
model) (-) .
49
Franklin, T.W.& Franklin, C.A.& Pratt T.C. (2006), Examining the empirical relationship between
prison crowding and inmate misconduct: a meta-analysis of conflicting research results. Journal of
Criminal Justice, 34, 401-8.
50
.. . 403-8
39
, Stanford . .
( Irwin, Cressey). ,
,
.
,
, .
,
. 51
(not-so-total institution)
Farrington Goffman . 52
,
, . , Goffman,
,
,
. Farrington
(somewhat less than total)
Goffman. 53
51
40
, Stanford . .
,
. ,
(situational model),
.
,
, ,
,
.
: ,
. 54
To
: ) , ,
, ,
, ) , ,
, , , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
: ) , ,
, )
54
41
, Stanford . .
,
. 55
1991,
,
. 1991
McCorkle
.
,
(Paterline & Petersen),
(Harer & Steffensmeier), Cao
, Patrick
.. 56
,
,
. (
) ,
55
56
.340.
... 342
42
, Stanford . .
(), , , ,
. ,
,
.
. 57
2.2.2
,
. imbardo
: ,
.
57
... 352
43
, Stanford . .
,
.
,
,
. ,
Goffman.
. 58
, , , ,
( , )
,
.
. 59
.
(privacy).
, .
.
.
58
59
(2002), . 49
.. . 49
44
, Stanford . .
.
, ,
. 60
.
. 61
. ,
, ,
,
. ,
authority
agency .
()
. ,
. 62
60
, . (1998), .
, 11, /, . .. , .189
61
, . (1994). , , , .218.
62
, . (2004). . , ,
.324-5.
45
, Stanford . .
Stanford .
- .
,
,
, ,
,.. ,
63
. 64
,
, ,
,
, , ,
. 65
,
.
(space
clusters) .
.
.
,
. ,
63
, .(1976/1989). , . ., .
, , , .155 173.
64
.. .188
65
, .194 196
46
, Stanford . .
,
(, )
. 66
,
, .
.
,
.
.
, .
18 entham
,
,
.
-
. 67
66
, .(2002). , , ..,
.14
67
. (2003). (
), , , .20-1.
47
, Stanford . .
.
,
, ,
. R.D.Laing, ,
,
() , .
Divided Self ( ) :
, ,
,
.
.
,
, .
. 68
,
. ,
,
.
,
,
68
48
, Stanford . .
.
,
. 69
.
.
.
.
, . 70
-
, ,
,
-
. (
), ,
, ( ),
,
. ,
. 71
.
69
70
71
(2003) .23-4
.. . 165
(2002), .52
49
, Stanford . .
72
73
May J.P.108
(2003),.48-9
50
, Stanford . .
,
. 74
,
, , , ,
. .
,
, . 75
.
Foucault
.
.
,
.
. 76
74
, A. (2006),
: , : . (.) , , ,
.207
75
(2003), .174
76
, . (1999), , , .
. , , , .94.
51
, Stanford . .
2.3 .
2.3.1 : versus
.
,
,
.
.
status,
.
. ,
,
Stanford. ,
,
(
52
, Stanford . .
):
. 77
.
,
,
.
. ,
, .
.
. 78
,
.
.
.
.
,
. ,
,
77
Zimbardo, P.G.& Johnson R.L.&Weber A.L. (2000). Psychology, 3rd Ed., Allyn & Bacon A Pearson
Education Company, .458-9
78
(2003), .35
: , ,
, ... .
53
, Stanford . .
Seligman & Grove. 79
.
.
Seligman
.
,
,
.
,
.
, Bandura
. 80
by stander Zimbardo:
, .
.
,
79
Haney, C.Banks W.C. & imbardo P.G. (1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. dynamics
in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 1., 69-97.
80
- (2003), . 275
54
, Stanford . .
.
,
.
, .
, Pirandello
,
. 81
2.3.2
, (
).
.
55
, Stanford . .
.
,
.
Killias, : )
, )
) . 82 O
, :
83
dgar & ODonnell, ,
, .
, , ,
-
.
. 84
,
,
,
. ,
: , ,
, . ,
82
ODonnel, I.& Edgar K.(1999). Fear in prison. The Prison Journal, 79, .90-1.
Cooke D.J.(1991), .96
84
O Donnell & Edgar (1999), 91
83
56
, Stanford . .
,
. 85
.
, .
,
. 86
,
. ,
,
.
.
, ;
,
,
,
.
.
85
57
, Stanford . .
. ,
. 87
2.3.3
.
,
( , ).
, ,
. ,
.
,
.
,
, , .
,
.
87
Thio, A.(1998). Deviant Behavior. hio University, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, .144-5
58
, Stanford . .
,
, .
. 88
,
,
.
,
.
Stanford
89 .
, ,
/ .
.
,
( )
,
.
,
88
89
59
, Stanford . .
.
, , ,
. 90
Foucault,
, .
,
.
:
.
, Foucault
,
. 91
Stanford , .
Foucault : , ,
, ,
,
. : , ,
, ...
,
, ,
, , ,
90
91
60
, Stanford . .
.
-
,
. 92
Foucault ,
, ,
93 . ,
,
,
.
, .
,
: ,
,
, ,
94
,
,
, .
:
92
93
94
61
, Stanford . .
,
.
,
,
. 95
2.3.4 -
Zimbardo
.
Milgram
.
Milgram
, Zimbardo :
95
(1991), . 177-8
62
, Stanford . .
. 96
,
,
: ( )
. ,
. ,
,
. 97
Stanford
.
: .
.
.
Albert Camus,
, .
.
,
.
,
96
- (2003), . 258
Logsdon, J.M. & Brady F.N.(1988). Zimbardos Stanford Prison Experiment and the Relevance of
Social Psychology for Teaching Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 7, .707.
97
63
, Stanford . .
.
. 98
,
,
.
,
.
(Tajifel & Forgas 1981) 99
. Festinger, Pepitone &
Newcomb Jung
.
Zimbardo ,
, ,
.
:
,
,
. Zimbardo,
98
- (2003), . 260
, .(1999). , , ,
, .283. ,
TAJIFEL,
.
- ,
.
99
64
, Stanford . .
. 100
,
- ,
.
-
, isenstein,
,
:
, , .
.
.
Gibbon, .
. ilgram,
,
. ,
, . ,
Zimbardo,
100
Hogg, M.A. & Vaughan G.M. (2005). Social Psychology, Fourth edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall,
.423.
65
, Stanford . .
,
-.(Wilder 1986) 101
,
, .
, .
Weiss, The investigation,
,
, (
) .
, ,
.
-,
. 102
-
, , .
imbardo
.
. ,
,
101
102
(1999), .385-6
, .(1989), , , , .154-5
66
, Stanford . .
.
.
, (
, ,
) , ,
416.
, 416
.
. 103
,
.
,
,
.
,
, :
,
.
,
.
Milgram ,
, . ,
103
67
, Stanford . .
, .
,
. Stanford,
. 104
O Cohen (2002) States of denial
, .
-
. .
,
. , , , .
,
,
. Cohen ,
, 105 .
,
.
: ( )
104
105
.. .- ( 2003) : 263-4
Cohen, S.(2002). States of Denial, Polity Press, x
68
, Stanford . .
( ) (
).
Chomsky
106
:
, ,
.
My Lai Watergate,
, : ,
, ,
,
.
.
, ,
.
. 107
Cohen: , (
106
107
, . (1974), , , , .5
T (1974), .18, 21 25
69
, Stanford . .
), (
) .
:
,
.
:
,
;
,
.
-
.
Bandura
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
70
, Stanford . .
. ,
, , ,
, .
.. 108
K
.
. ,
.
: ,
,
. ,
,
. 109
,
.
.
.
,
.
108
Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social
Psychology Review. Special issue on Evil and Violence, 3, .201-2.
109
Bandura (1999), . 202
71
, Stanford . .
.
. , ,
. andura
(ilgram),
. ,
.
,
. 110
, -
,
,
(
). ,
,
()
,
,
,
111 .
110
111
72
, Stanford . .
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
-
,
. ,
, .
. Zimbardo
,
.
,
. 112
( ) (
).
.
. Laino
112
, .- .(1999), .
, , .95
73
, Stanford . .
(1980)
. Stepakoff,
, , ,
. 113
113
- (2003), .119
74
, Stanford . .
STANFORD
.
Zimbardo
, , .
. Fromm, Hitler
,
. ,
.
. ,
,
( ) .
,
.
75
, Stanford . .
,
.. 114
.
.
, ,
.
Bandura,
,
. ,
.
,
( ).
. Chomsky,
.
() 1991
.
. 115
114
Zimbardo P.G.(2005). Liberation Psychology in a time of terror. The Dagmar and Vaclav Havel
Foundation VIZ 97, Award for 2005
115
- (2003), .297
76
, Stanford . .
Nils Christie,
. ( )
,
John Pratt Punishment and civilization.
,
.
.
Nobert Elias ,
,
, .
.
, ,
, ,
,
.
, .
. Pratt
,
, ,
. O o
77
, Stanford . .
, ,
. 116
imbardo :
.
, ,
.
,
. 117
H ,
,
,
.
. imbardo,
,
, .
, ,
116
117
78
, Stanford . .
: ,
, , , . 118
,
.
.
, .
,
, , , ,
. 119
,
.
.
118
119
. .115
.116
79
, Stanford . .
.
,
.
,
.
.
. ,
,
,
. 120
, ,
. 121
.
,
Equity Funding 1973,
.
,
. ,
120
121
.. . 117
.. . 118
80
, Stanford . .
.
Johns -Manville
,
. 40 50
, .
,
.
,
.
-
,
122
122
81
, Stanford . .
3.1
.
.
,
.
,
.
. 123
.
()
. ,
. ,
,
123
82
, Stanford . .
. 124
.
.
,
.
,
.
Stanford ,
.
,
, , (
) (
). 125
124
(2004), . 1
-, .(1996). ,
, .. .:
, -, .., .109
125
83
, Stanford . .
. ,
,
,
.
. 126
WEBER
.
(compulsive conformity)
(compulsive alienation). 127
3
. 128
,
:
.
126
Kaiser, G.:
, . . : , 19931995, .17
127
, .(2004). ; ( )
, 3, .320
128
Kaiser G.. 82
84
, Stanford . .
.
.
129
(solitary confinement)
. 130
.
,
. ,
60
.
131
-
. E. Pashukanis
, ,
. 132
Stanford,
129
, .(1996).
.
: .. .:
, -, .., .94-7
130
Kaiser G.. 23
131
, .(2000). ,
; ..(.) , ,
.., .124.
132
. 127
85
, Stanford . .
, .
( )
.
,
.
( ).
,
. 133
,
,
. 134
.
, Zimbardo
. ,
, .
133
134
Kaiser G.. 15
(1998), .133
86
, Stanford . .
Stanford,
.
,
,
. 135
,
, ,
, ,
.
Chambliss : ,
, . ,
,
.
. 136
E, 137
.
135
87
, Stanford . .
, .
.
,
.
,
,
. ,
. ,
) ( ,
).
. 138
.
,
.
,
138
.. .719
88
, Stanford . .
, (
) .
, ,
.
. ,
- -
, . 139
,
.
.
.
.
.
, , ,
.
139
....720
89
, Stanford . .
.
,
.
.
.
,
,
what doesnt work (
) .
60,
. Lombroso
. , )
,
,
90
, Stanford . .
) ,
)
)
, .
20
- . 140
Sutherland,
Principles of Criminology, :
,
..
(
)
. 141
, .
.
140
Cullen, F.T. & Gendreau P. (2001). From nothing works to what works: changing professional
ideology in the 21st century. The Prison Journal, 81, . 314-5.
141
.. . 316
91
, Stanford . .
, .
1954, ,
. .
60,
,
.
. 142
1974
.. .320
.. .322
92
, Stanford . .
, , ,
.
.
, (
).
,
,
. 144
Rothman,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
, (
)
,
144
.. .323
93
, Stanford . .
. ,
. ,
.
.
. 145
nothing works, 80,
70. , ,
,
, .
,
.
what works
. , o
.
.
,
145
. 324
94
, Stanford . .
.
(society of captives),
, , , , ,
.
,
.
(Haney & Zimbardo) ,
.
,
.
,
.
. 146
90, what works
,
-
.
60
70,
,
.
.
146
.. .:329
95
, Stanford . .
,
. 147
.
,
. 148
,
, ,
.
.
,
,
.
,
. 149
147
.. ..333 -4
, .(2006), (, , ), :
.(.) , , , . 48.
148
149
96
, Stanford . .
. ,
imbardo
.
, ,
.
.
.
,
. ,
. 150
150
Zimbardo P.G.(2005)
97
, Stanford . .
3.2 STANFORD,
: .
(). .
,
.
,
y Lai, , ,
, ,
.
,
.
, .
y Lai.
.
.
98
, Stanford . .
. .
,
. 151
Zimbardo,
,
,
()
,
.
, , , , ,
, , ,
.
(deindividuation),
Stanford
.
Stanley Milgram,
,
151
Carrington, K.& Hogg R. (2002). Critical Criminology. Issues, debates, challenges. Willan
Publishing, .160
99
, Stanford . .
,
. 152
Foucault , :
, , Jaucourt
. 153
-,
. 154
, -
.
, , . 155
,
(
,
) . 156
O ,
: ,
,
152
- (2003), .16
(1989), . 48
154
- (2003), .21
155
.. ..35
156
. 36 ROSS
153
100
, Stanford . .
: ,
; 157
.
, (
) .
( , ).
, ,
. O Watson
Beerkum Kan Yagi
,
.
,
.
,
. 158
,
157
158
.. . 40
.. ..52-3
101
, Stanford . .
, .
(dorno).
,
.
,
.
159
imbardo
.
,
, .
,
. ,
,
,
Abu Ghraib,
. Zimbardo Abu Ghraib,
(
), ,
159
.. . 155
102
, Stanford . .
Stanford . 160
bu Ghraib
H
Guadanamo
Bay
.. ,
bu Ghraib,
.
CBS, 60 MINUTES II
Abu Ghraib,
Sadam Hussein
, .
,
,
160
103
, Stanford . .
. ,
,
. 161
. Abu Ghraib,
,
. 162
Foucault
: (
161
162
cLaughlin, & Muncie J.(2006). The Sage Dictionary of Criminology.Second Ed. Sage, .440.
.. .440
104
, Stanford . .
) 163
. 164
, .
(
), .
. ,
.
,
.
,
( ,
). ,
. 165
imbardo,
bu Ghraib
1971.
,
,
163
(1989), .56
. 66
165
- ( 2003), .30-1
164
105
, Stanford . .
- , ,
- .
. 166
Zimbardo,
. :
.
.
,
. Abu Ghraib,
-
,
. 167
Abu Ghraib,
,
Milgram
166
106
, Stanford . .
.
,
bu Ghraib:
1 ,
2 (
ilgram), ( ),
.
.
3
4 .
imbardo,
, ..
Lifton,
:
.
.
,
, , ,
.
.
,
107
, Stanford . .
( ,
). bu Ghraib,
. imbardo,
,
.
, ( ,
). ,
,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
, ,
, .. 168
,
.
.
.
168
www.apa.org./topics/iraqabuse.html
108
, Stanford . .
,
, .
,
.
,
.
. ,
,
. 169
169
- (2003), 247
109
, Stanford . .
.
Fromm
. ,
.
imbardo ,
.. 170 Fromm:
.
.
,
.
171 .
imbardo
. ,
170
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment
Fromm, E. (1977). , .. , ,
, .116
171
110
, Stanford . .
Milgram
. 1965,
.
, 2/3
-
Stanford Milgram
. 1976 imbardo
, :
.
.
Stanford
.
,
.
.
; 172
.
,
. ,
172
111
, Stanford . .
,
. ,
, ,
,
.
, .
, . 173
,.
.
,
,
. 174
,
,
. :
173
174
,
.
112
, Stanford . .
, ,
. 175
, imbardo
:
;
,
;
..
.
.
,
,
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
. imbardo
175
www.forejustice.org/zimbardo/p_zimbardo_interview.html
113
, Stanford . .
,
. 176 .
.
,
,
, ,
.
.
.
Fromm,
:
, ,
. .
,
. 177
176
177
www.forejustice.org/zimbardo/p_zimbardo_interview.html
Fromm (1977), .100
114
, Stanford . .
,
. Fromm:
,
,
.
,
,
.
.
178 .
,
( ),
,
.
:
178
.. . 104-5
115
, Stanford . .
,
,
.
;
.
,
,
.
. 179
,
Exeter St
Andrews, BBC
, (THE EXPERIMENT). H
179
.108-117
116
, Stanford . .
,
.
Stanford .
imbardo,
. ,
Stanford.
status ,
. ,
180
imbardo :
,
, ,
,
, reality
show Big Brother
.
. 181
180
Reicher, S.& Haslam S.A.(2002), Social Psychology, science, and surveillance: understanding the
Experiment. Social Psychology Review, 5, 7-17.
181
Zimbardo, P.G. (2006), On rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study. The British
Journal of Social Psychology, 1, .48-50.
117
, Stanford . .
Stanford,
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
. ,
ilgram ,
.
,
.
. 182
imbardo :
.
.
182
- (2003), .379
118
, Stanford . .
.
. 183
Stanford
. ,
, .
, ,
. ,
.
,
,
.
O
,
.
.
. Zimbardo
,
. ,
183
.. .387
119
, Stanford . .
.
.
184
, ,
.
,
.
: )
) )
.
,
( ),
,
.
,
, ,
. 185
,
. ,
.
,
, ,
184
185
120
, Stanford . .
.
. 186
imbardo Turner
-
. ,
,
.
( self-to prototype-matching)
. 187
;
, , ,
;
imbardo
John Watson,
,
, ,
, .
186
187
- (1999), .95
Eysenck, M. (1998 ), Psychology an integrated approach. Prentice Hall, .376
121
, Stanford . .
: 80%
.
Stanford,
:
, ,
,
()
() .
,
,
,
. 188
imbardo
.
Craig Haney ,
,
.
188
122
, Stanford . .
. 189
,
,
. ,
. , three strikes,
. 190
, imbardo
,
, . 191
,
. ,
.
.
189
.. .42
,.42
191
Zimbardo P.G.(1999), .13
190
123
, Stanford . .
, 192
, ( ),
.
, .
,
. 193
,
,
. ,
,
.
, Ellis
,
.. ,
, ()
- ,
192
124
, Stanford . .
. ,
. 194
,
.
. imbardo
, ,
.
, (
) (
. ,
,
Stanford.
194
125
, Stanford . .
imbardo
, , ,
,
. ,
,
,
,
. 195
,
.
, ,
.
. 196
195
www.stanford.edu/dept he Stanford
prison experiment still powerful after all these years imbardo
1996
196
(2005), . 657-8
126
, Stanford . .
(
) ,
.
,
,
.
: .
,
,
,
.
imbardo,
.
,
o
,
,
. ,
.
,
aney .
127
, Stanford . .
..
.
.
,
.
,
, . ,
( )
. imbardo
-
,
.
.
Foucault
,
128
, Stanford . .
:
.. , . 197
Zimbardo (2004) . 21
,
what works,
. 198
Stanford
:
: . 199
197
(1989), .153-4
Cullen F.T. & Gendreau P. (2001), .333 -4
199
(1989),.100
198
129
, Stanford . .
,..(1986). , :
, 2, 17-22.
rendt, H.(2000). , -: - ,
, .
-,
.(1996).
, ..
.: , -,
.., 103-110.
130
, Stanford . .
Cohen, A., Cole G.F.& Bailey R.G. (1976). Prison violence. Lexington Books.
Cooke, D.J.(1991). Violence in prisons: the influence of regime factors. The Howard
Journal, 30, 95-109.
Cullen, F.T. & Gendreau P. (2001). From nothing works to what works: changing
professional ideology in the 21st century. The Prison Journal, 81, 313-338.
, .. (1969). .
.
, .(2003). , , .
, . (1998).
. , 11, /, . .. .
, . (2004). . ,
.
131
, Stanford . .
Franklin, T.W.& Franklin, C.A.& Pratt T.C. (2006), Examining the empirical
relationship between prison crowding and inmate misconduct: a meta-analysis of
conflicting research results. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34, 401-412.
Fromm, E. (1977). , ..
, , .
Hogg, M.A. & Vaughan G.M. (2005). Social Psychology, Fourth edition, Pearson,
Prentice Hall.
Goffman, E. (1963/2001), , . . , , .
K, .(1994):, ,
, , ,
.. , 11-33.
132
, Stanford . .
Kaiser, G.:
, . . :
, 1993-1995, 11-45
, .(2000). ,
; ..(.)
, , .., 123-134.
, (1999).
, , .
, . (1999).
, , .
, . (1994). , , .
Logsdon, J.M. & Brady F.N.(1988). Zimbardos Stanford Prison Experiment and
the Relevance of Social Psychology for Teaching Business Ethics. Journal of Business
Ethics, 7, 703-710.
133
, Stanford . .
, A. (2006).
: , : . (.)
, , , 191-220.
, .(2004). , ,
.
. (2003). (
), , .
May J.P.(2000). Building violence, how Americas rush to incarcerate creates more
violence Sage.
, .(2002). , ,
...
, .(2004). ; (
) , 3, 315-329.
, .(1980). ,
. - , ...
134
, Stanford . .
, .- .(1999).
. , .
, .(1994):
: ,
, , .. , 41-48.
, .. (2005). , , .
, .(1999). ,
, , .
, .(1989). , , .
, .(2006). (, , ),
: .(.) , , , 39-62.
Penfold, R. (2003) : Review punishment and civilization by John Pratt, British Journal
of Criminology 43, 815-817.
ODonnel, I.& Edgar K.(1999). Fear in prison. The Prison Journal, 79, 90-99.
135
, Stanford . .
Tartaro, C.(2002). The impact of density on jail violence. Journal of Criminal Justice,
30, 499-510.
Thio, A.(1998). Deviant Behavior. hio University, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
, .(1996). . , ,
.
, .(1996).
. : ..
.:
-,
.., 93-101.
, .(1974), , , .
Zimbardo, P.G., Haney C.Banks,W.C. & Jaffe D. (1973). The mind is a formidable
jailer: a pirandellian prison. The New York Times Magazine, 6.
: www.prisonexp.org.
136
, Stanford . .
imbardo, P.G. (1989). Quiet Rage: The Stanford Prison Experiment video. Stanford
CA: Stanford University.
imbardo, P.G.& Haney C. (1998). The past and future of U.S.Prison Policy, twentyfive years after the Stanford Prison Experiment. American Psychologist,7, 709-727.
why does
Zimbardo, P.G.& Johnson R.L.&Weber A.L. (2000). Psychology, 3rd Ed., Allyn &
Bacon A Pearson Education Company.
137
, Stanford . .
Zimbardo, P.G. (2006). On rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison
study. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 47-53.
, .(1976/1989). , .
., . , , ,.
, .(1991). , . . , , .
, . (1999). ,
, . . , , .
, (2002). ,
, .
- .(2003). ,
, . . , , .
138
, Stanford . .
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment
www.sfgate.com
www.apa.org./topics/iraqabuse.html
www.Stanford.edu/dept
www.forejustice.org/zimbardo/p_zimbardo_interview.html
www.prisonexp.org.
139
, Stanford . .
H
Stanford , ,
,
, ( )
. ,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
Stanford
140
, Stanford . .
141
Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you
commit atrocities
VOLTAIRE