‘THE LIVING LANGUAGE COURSES® ____ Living Spanish F. Living French + Living German Living Japanese Living Russian Living Portuguese (South American) Living Portuguese (Continental) Living Hebrew Living Swahili Children’s Living French Children’s Living Spanish ‘Advanced Living French ‘Advanced Living Spanish Living English for Native Spanish Speakers Living English for Native French Speakers Living English for Native Italian Speakers Living English for Native German Speakers Living English for Native Portuguese Speakers Living English for Native Chinese Speakers Living Language™ Spanish Video Living Language™ French Video™ Living Language™ German Video Additional Living Language™ conversation manuals and dictionaries may be purchased separately. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE A COMPLETE COURSE IN EVERYDAY PORTUGUESE by Oscar Fernandez DIRECTOR PORTUGUESE PROGRAM, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY BASED ON THE METHOD DEVISED BY RALPH WEIMAN, FORMERLY CHIEF OF LANGUAGE SECTION, U.S. WAR DEPARTMENT SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR USE WITH ‘THE CONTINENTAL OR SOUTH AMERICAN EDITION OF LIVING PORTUGUESE: ‘THE COMPLETE LIVING LANGUAGE COURSE* Crown Publishers, Inc., New York‘This work was previously pblihed under the ile Conversational Manual Porapuese. Copyright © 1996, 1965 by Crown Publishers, Ie Allright esered. No part ofthis book may be repreduce or transite in any form ot by any means, electonic oF mechanical including photocopying, rcondng, oF by any information stoge aad retrieval sym, without permission io writing fom the publisher Published by Living Language. «division of Cow Publishers, Ine, 225 Park Avera ‘South, New York, New Yar: 10003, LIVING LANGUAGE it» uademurt and THE LIVING LANGUAGE COURSE i « Regine Trademark of Crown Pubiaber, ne. Mamasce in te Unie States of Are Library of Congress Catalog Cand Number 6822298 ISON 0-517561688 1986 Updted Eation 109876543 INTRODUCTION INSTRUCTIONS, BASIC PORTUGUESE VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR LESSON 1 1. THE LETTERS AND SOUNDS, LESSON 2 (The Leters and Sounds Cont.) 2. THE PORTUGUESE ALPHABET 3. REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PRONUNCIATION LESSON 3 4, PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE, LESSON 4 (Pronunciation Practice Cont.) ‘5. BUILDING UP A VOCABULARY LESSON 5 6. USEFUL WORD GROUPS LESSON 6 7. GOOD MORNING! 8. WHERE IS...? LESSON 7 (Where Is -..? Cont.) 9. DO YOU HAVE... 10. WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO EAT? LESSON B 11, SOME COMMON VERB FORMS. 12. “THE” AND “A™ 13. CONTRACTIONS xi 2 ia 7 716, Is. 16. V7. 18, 19. 20. PLURAL ADJECTIVES POSSESSION ASKING A QUESTION “NO” AND “NOT” INTRODUCTIONS GOOD TIME LESSON 9 2. 2. WHAT'S NEW? TO BE OR NOT TO BE 23.1 IS LESSON 10 24. 25. ‘TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT 1 KNOW ONLY A LITTLE PORTUGUESE LESSON 11 26. DO YOU SPEAK PORTUGUESE? 2. EXCUSE ME LESSON 12 2B. 29. 30. THIS AND THAT MORE OR LESS “AND” AND “BUT” LESSON 13 31 WHERE? LESSON 14 (Where? Cont.) 32. 1, YOU, HE LESSON 15 (1, You, He, Cont.) LESSON 16 33 4 ‘A FEW SHORT PHRASES MAY TASK? SS Base ses ge & S32 LESSON 17 35. NUMBERS LESSON 18 (Numbers Cont.) 36. HOW MUCH? 37. IT Costs 38, MY ADDRESS IS. 39. MY TELEPHONE NUMBER IS... 40. THE NUMBER IS... LESSON 19 41. WHAT'S TODAY? 42. SOME DATES: 43. WHAT TIME IS IT? LESSON 20 (What Time Is hk? Cont.) 44. IT'S TIME 45, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE. 46. MORNING, NOON AND NIGHT LESSON 21 (Moming, Noon and Night Cont.) LESSON 22, 47, NO LESSON 23, (No Cont.) 48, USEFUL WORD GROUPS II LESSON 24 (Useful Word Groups Cont.) 49. HAVE YOU TWO MET? 50, SMALL TALK LESSON 25 (Small Talk Cont.) SI. TAKING LEAVE, 7 87 S8eR a 100 (00 102 103 106 108 109 10 10LESSON 26 52. CALLING ON SOMEONE 53. LETTERS AND TELEGRAMS LESSON 27 54. GETTING AROUND 55. PLEASE 56, SOME USEFUL EXPRESSIONS. LESSON 28 ta (Some Useful Expressions Cont.) 57. WHO? WHAT? WHEN? LESSON 29 (Who? What? When? Com.) $8. LIKING AND DISLIKING LESSON 30 «Liking and Disliking Cont.) 59. IN, TO, FROM LESSON 31 (in, To, From Cont.) LESSON 32 60. ASKING YOUR WAY LESSON 33 (Asking Your Way Cont.) 61, WRITING, PHONING, TELEGRAPHING LESSON 34 62. FAMILY AFFAIRS LESSON 35 63. COMPRAS (SHOPPING) 64. 0 CAFE DA MANHA ® (0 PEQUENO ALMOCO #) (BREAKFAST) 65. CARDAPIO. 5 (EMENTA ») A SAMPLE MENU 113 113 4 116 116 8 120 1246 124 126 Bi 933 136 17 143 143. 147 150 150 155 155 161 166 LESSON 36 66. PROCURANDO APARTAMENTO. (APARTMENT HUNTING) - 67. SOME COMMON VERBS LESSON 37 68, NAO SOU DAQUI (I'M A STRANGER HERE) LESSON 38 69. CUMPRIMENTANDO UM VELHO AMIGO. (GREETING AN OLD FRIEND) 70. THE MOST COMMON VERBS AND THEIR FORMS LESSON 39 71. WHAT'S IN A NAME? LESSON 49 72. PORTUGUESE IN A LIGHTER VEIN 73. IMPORTANT SIGNS SUMMARY OF PORTUGUESE GRAMMAR 1. THE ALPHABET 2. PRONUNCIATION 3. STRESS 4, PUNCTUATION 5, SOME ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS 6, SYLLABLE DIVISION 7. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE 8, THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE 9. CONTRACTIONS 10. DAYS OF THE WEEK 11, THE NAMES OF THE MONTHS 12. THE NAMES OF THE SEASONS. 13, MASCULINE AND FEMININE, 14. THE PLURAL 15. THE POSSESSIVE, 16. ADJECTIVES 17. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES 166 166 174 18 181 188, 188 197 208 2 an 216 23 23 208 228 29 2! 232 24 235 236 237 241 24218, COMPARISON 19. PRONOUNS . 20, POSITIONS OF PRONOUNS 21, SOME CONJUNCTIONS 22. QUESTION WORDS 23. ADVERBS 24, DIMINUTIVES AND AUGMENTATIVES 25. DEMONSTRATIVES 26. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS: 27. NEGATION 28. WORD ORDER 29. THE INFINITIVE, 30. THE TENSES OF THE VERB 31. THE SUBJUNCTIVE 32. SEQUENCE OF TENSES 33. THE CONDITIONAL 34, CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 35. COMMANDS AND REQUESTS, 36. THE PARTICIPLE 37. PROGRESSIVE TENSES 38. THE PASSIVE VOICE 39. TO BE 40, THE FORMS OF THE REGULAR VERB 41, RADICAL-CHANGING VERBS 42. SPELLING CHANGES IN VERBS 43, IRREGULAR VERBS. LETTER WRITING 1, FORMAL INVITATIONS AND REPLIES 2. THANK-YOU NOTE 3. BUSINESS LETTERS 4, INFORMAL LETTERS 5. USEFUL PHRASES FOR CORRESPONDENCE 6. FORM OF THE ENVELOPE SBEUUURER 319 323 228 332 INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPLETE LIVING LANGUAGE COURSE® The Living Language Course® uses the natural method of language-learning. You learn Portuguese the way you leaned English—by hearing the language and repeating what you heard. You didn’t begin by studying grammar; you first leamed how to say things, how words are arranged, and only when you knew the language pretty well did you begin to study grammar, This course teaches you Portuguese in the same way. Hear it, say it, absorb it through use and repetition. The only difference is that in this course the basic elements of the language have been carefully selected and condensed into 40 short lessons. When you have finished these lessons, you will have a good working knowledge of the language. If you apply yourself, you can master this course and learn to speak basic Portuguese in a few weeks. While Living Language™ Conversational Portuguese is designed for use the South American or Conti- nental editions of Living Portuguese: The Complete Living Language Course®, this book may be used with- ‘out the cassettes. The first 4 lessons cover Portuguese pronunciation, laying the foundation for learning the vocabulary, phrases, and grammar that are explained in the later chapters. All the material is presented in order of importance. When you reach page 150, you will have already learned 300 of the most frequently used sentences and will be able to make yourself understood on many important topics. By the time you have finished this course, you will have a sufficient command of Portuguese to get along in all ordinary situations. The brief but complete summary of Portuguese gram- mar is included in the back of this book to enable you to perfect your knowledge of the language. There are alsomany other helpful features, such as vocabulary-building exercises and verb conjugations. The special section on letter-writing will show you how to answer an invitation, make a business inquiry, and address an envelope prop- erly. Just as important is the Living Language™ Common Usage Dictionary. This is included in the course primar- ily for use as a reference, but it doubles as a phrasebook. It contains the most common Portuguese words with their meanings illustrated by everyday sentences and idiomatic expressions. The basic words—those you should learn from the start—are capitalized to make them easy to find. Keep practicing your Portuguese as much as possible. Once you are well along in the course, try reading Portuguese magazines, newspapers, and books. Use your Portuguese whenever you get a chance—with Portuguese-speaking friends, with other students. ‘This course tries to make learning Portuguese as easy and enjoyable as possible, but a certain amount of application is necessary. The cassettes and books that make up this course provide you with all the material you need; the instructions tell you what to do. The rest is up to you. SOUTH AMERICAN (Brazilian) vs. CONTINENTAL PORTUGUESE Although the language spoken in Portugal and Brazil is the same language, there are certain differences, just as there are differences between British and American En- glish. The structure of the language is much the same, but there are significant variations in word order. in pronunciation, and in intonation (see sections 3 and 4 of Lessons 2 and 3), and this makes alternate sets of recordings necessary, one in Brazilian Portuguese and ‘one in Continental Portuguese. To make it possible for Conversational Portuguese and the Common Usage Dictionary to be used with either edition, an effort has been made to use vocabulary and phrases common to both patterns. Otherwise, the basic pattern followed is the Brazilian, with significant varia- tions in Continental Portuguese being indicated. SPELLING 1. Following Brazilian usage, the text will have many accent marks which are no longer used in Portugal. This is particularly true of accent marks which appear on syllables which do not need them according to the rules for stress (see Lesson 1), but which Brazilians keep to distinguish words spelled alike but with different mean- ings (alméco lunch, and almogo I eat tunch), or for other reasons. BRAZIL PORTUGAL MEANING: ~ alméco —almoco lunch ale ele he aquéle —aquele that one The first time such a form appears in the text, the variation used in Portugal will be given in parentheses or in a footnote, and will be marked ©.2. Differences in pronunciation, which require different spellings, and variants of the same word, although pro- nounced the same way in both countries, witl also be given: BRAZIL PORTUGAL = MEANING. acto aceao action Antonio Antonio Anthony diretor director director otimista. —optimista —_optimist These variants will also be given in parentheses, or in a footnote, and will be marked ©. 3. Other differences, as in vocabulary and word order, will be indicated in the same manner: abacaxi (anands ©) pineapple: Eu me diverti (Eu divertime ®) Thad a good time. At times ® will be used to indicate a particularly Brazilian form: marrom ® brown; suetér ® ‘sweater. 4, In some cases the use of certain words or forms is optional, and they may or may not be used: subject pronouns, the definite article (especially with posses- sives, and used more in Portugal than in Brazi Lesson 15), etc. These optional forms will someti given in parentheses, and Conversational Portuguese will indicate differences between the two sets of record- ings: (Ela) chama-se Maria. E (a) minha irma. Her name is Mary. She is my sister. 5. In the Living Language™ Common Usage Dictionary, the Continental Portuguese variation will be given in parentheses. The designators © and 6 will be used only when they seem necessary for clarity. Course Material The material of the complete Living Language Course® consists of the following: 1. 2 hour-long cassettes or 4 long-playing records. ‘The label on each face indicates clearly which lessons are contained on that side. Living Portu- guese is available in both Continental and South ‘American (Brazilian) editions. 2. Conversational Portuguese manual. This book is designed for use with the recorded lessons, or it may be used alone. It contains the following sec- tions: Basic Portuguese Vocabulary and Grammar Summary of Portuguese Grammar Letter Writing y Portuguese-English/English-Portuguese_ Common Usage Dictionary. A special kind of dictionary that gives you the literal translations of more than 18,000 Portuguese words, plus idiomatic phrases and sentences illustrating the everyday use of the more important vocabulary and 1,000 essential words capitalized for quick reference. How to Use Conversational Portuguese with the Living Language™ Cassettes TO BEGIN There are 2 cassettes with 10 lessons per side. The beginning of each lesson is announced on the tape and each lesson takes approximately 3 minutes. If your cassette player has a digit indicator, you can locate any desired point precisely.LEARNING THE LESSONS. b Nn Look at page 1. Note the words in boldface type. ‘These are the words you will hear on the cassette. ‘There are pauses to enable you to repeat cach word and phrase right after you hear it. Now read Lesson 1. (The S20 S&B symbois indi- cate the beginning of the recorded material. In some advanced lessons, information and instruc- tions precede the recording.) Note the points to listen for when you play the cassette. Look at the first word: Alberto, and be prepared to follow the voice you will hear. |. Play the cassette, listen carefully, and watch for the. points mentioned. Then rewind, play the lesson again, and this time say the words aloud. Keep repeating until you are sure you know the lesson. The more times you listen and repeat, the longer you will remember the material. Now go on to the next lesson. It's always good to quickly review the previous lesson before starting a new one. ). There are 2 kinds of quizzes at the end of each section. One is the matching type, in which you must select the English translation of the Portu- guese sentence. In the other, you fill in the blanks with the correct Portuguese word chosen from the 3 given directly below the sentence. Do these quizzes faithfully and, if you make any mistakes, reread the section. . When you get 100 percent on the Final Quiz, you may consider that you have mastered the course. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 1 LESSON 1 1. THE LETTERS AND SOUNDS: a (etters and Sounds I) ‘A. Some Portuguese sounds are fairly similar to Eng- lish sounds, Listen to and repeat the following Portu- guese names and notice which sounds are fairly similar and which are different: Alberto Albert Jilio Julius Alfredo Alfred Lécia Lucy Ana Anna, Anne Luis Louis AntOnio! Anthony = Manuel = Manuel Carlos Charles = Maria. = Mary Cecilia Cecilia Mério = Mario. Eduardo Edward = Mauricio. Maurice Fernando Ferdinand Miguel Michael Francisco Francis Paulo — Paul Gloria. Gloria Pedro Peter Guilherme William Raimundo Raymond Henrique Henry Ricardo Richard Isabel Elizabeth Roberto. Robert Jako John Rosa Rose Jorge George Tomés Thomas Norice: 1. Each vowel is pronounced clearly and crisply. 2. A single consonant is pronounced with the fol- lowing vowel. ‘ Anténio (P.2 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 3. The accent mark (° or *) indicates the syllable that is stressed: Tomds, (a) The acute accent mark (") over a, e, 0 indi- cates an open pronunciation (in forming the sound there is a large opening between the roof of the mouth and the tongue): Gléria. (b) The circumflex accent mark (*) over @, ¢, 0 indicates a closed pronunciation (a smaller opening between the roof of the mouth and the tongue): Pérto (Porto ®). 4, The tilde (til) (~) over a vowel indicates a nasal sound: Jodo. B. Now listen to the names of some cities: Barcelona Nova Torque Belém Paris Belo Horizonte Pérto! Brasflia Porto Alegre! Coimbra Rio de Janeiro Lisboa Roma Londres Santos Madrid Sio Paulo C. Now the names of some countries: Alemanha (Germany) Colombia Angola Cuba Argentina Espanha (Spain) Brasit Estados Unidos (U.S.) China Franga 1 Porto ®. Porto Alegre ®. | | | CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 3 Inglaterra (England) Mogambique itélia Portugal México ‘Uruguai Notice the following points (more detailed distinc- tions will be made later in the course): VOWELS approximates a in ah, father. e open, as explained above: eh, best; closed, ap- proximates modified a as in case; compare fez. i asin machine. open, as in off; closed, as in rose. u approximates u in rule, » ° CONSONANTS AND CONSONANT GROUPS. ch as ch in machine. his never pronounced. ih as li in million. m and n tend to nasalize the vowel before them; do not close your lips in pronouncing a final m. mh as ni in onion. s between vowels as z, or as 5 in rose; initial s, or ss, as ss in lesson. STRESS NOTICE: 1. Words ending in a, ¢, or 0 (or in one of these vowels and s, m, or ns) are stressed on the syllable before last: casa house pobre poor americano American mesas tables4 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 5 homem man . centro: center raga race homens omen wsicsh cheque check restaurante restaurant 2. Words ending in any other letter, including nasal | Ser certain stance silence vowels and diphthongs (two vowels pronounced Sirents differcoa teatro theatre in union) are stressed on the last syllable: ‘iftel difficult exemple example aqui here importante important garantir to guarantee peru turkey interessante interesting —_geral general manhit “| morning necessirio necessary _—telefone _ telephone falar ak possivel possible tipo type niet Deed ee, qualidade quality visita visit 3. Words not following the above rules have a CONSONANTS written accent mark which indicates the stressed syllable: café coffee dificil difficult : portugués Portuguese a passaro | bird om Jari jury LESSON 2 D.,Now listen to and repeat the following words which are similar in English and Portuguese. Notice how Portuguese spelling and pronunciation differ from English: (Letters and Sounds 11) vote acompanhar to accompany atengdo attention agente agent caso case Notice the following points: 1. ¢ before a, 0, and u, and before any other con- sonant is like ¢ in cat: carta secreto letter secret (adj.) 2. ¢ before e and / is like the ¢ in center: cena scene sincero sincere 3. ¢ (used only before a, 0, or u) is like the ¢ in face: mogo young man nagio nation 4, g before ¢ and / is like the s in measure: gente people giria slang ‘ surpresa ©.CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 1 5. otherwise g is like g in go: préximo next gato cat like x in wax: 6. jis similar to g before e and i: tat taxi jantar to dine = = 7. 1 in Portuguese is formed with the tongue for- ward, the tip near the upper teeth: livro book paleté ao jacket (man’s) 8. final / is quite soft: Brasil Brazil mal evil 9. qu before @ or o is like qu in quota: quadro picture 10. qu before e or i is usually like k: Qué? What? barquinha small boat 11. x has the following sounds: like z: exame examination éxito success like sh: . caixa box mexer _» tomix xicara cup like s in see: maximo maximum 2. THE PORTUGUESE ALPHABET Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name i r s t u v x Zz QS°RSE* weeregy & EPO gee” ee 3. REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PRONUNCIATION A language will vary somewhat in different countries where it is spoken, indeed, even in differ- ent parts of the same country. This is true of Portu- guese. Brazil, fifth largest country in size in the world, has been attaining increased importance. It com- prises about one-half of the continent of South America and accounts for about one-half of its total population. Its language is Portuguese, but with cer- tain features which distinguish it from the language as spoken in Portugal. There are also some minor regional differences in Brazil itself. The carioca pat- tern of Rio de Janeiro (whose inhabitants are called8 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE cariocas) is quite distinctive. Farther south, as in ‘Sao Paulo, and in the northem part of the country one notices further minor differences, but basically the language is the same in all these cases. The Portuguese language as spoken in Portugal is fundamentally the same language as is spoken in Brazil, but there are minor differences in syntax and significantly marked variations in pronunciation, intonation and rhythm. Syllables are cut shorter and at times slurred over, with final vowels clipped sharply or practically dropped. LESSON 3 4. PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE an (Pronunciation Practice 1) The following groups of words will give you an idea of some of the regional differences in pronunci- ation and will also provide additional practice in Portuguese pronunciation and spelling. The first pronunciation is as in Sao Paulo, the second as in Rio de Janeiro, and the third as in Portugal. CONSONANTS 1. dis pronounced more forcefully in Rio de Janeiro and with some speakers approximates the j in just; this is especially true with d before ¢ or i: So Paulo Rio Portugal —- 1 cidade cidade cidade. = city, Bomdia. Bomdia. Bomdia. Good morning. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 9 2. ris pronounced with the tongue forward, along the top of the mouth with the tip near the base of the upper teeth (as in Spanish), with initial r and rr being more forceful, with the tongue vibrating in this position. This pronunciation can be beard in Sao Paulo and in Portugal. The carioca r is pronounced back in the mouth, the upper back part of the tongue against the roof of the mouth (similar to a French back 7 and somewhat like ch in German). Sao Paulo Rio Portugal caro caro caro expensive ‘calro carro carro: car, cart Rio Rio Rio Rio 3. s between vowels is as z in zeal, or as s in rose: fase fase fase phase 5 before a voiced consonant (produced with a vibration of the vocal cords, as b, d, ge, gi, j, m, 1,7, ¥, 2) tends to be as z in azure, as Portuguese j: mesmo = mesmo=—s mesmo. same Lisboa Lisboa Lisboa Lisbon Final s and s (and x) before a voiceless consonant (produced without a vibration of the vocal cords, as hard c and hard g, fp, qus 1) are pronounced as sin see in Sao Paulo and by some cariocas, and as sh in shine in Portugal and by some cariocas: costas costas costas coasts prosperidade prosperidade prosperidade prosperity méscas moscas moscas(®) flies10 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, 4. Initial s, s after a consonant, and ss, as s in see, as ss in passage: sempre sempre sempre always falso falso falso false passar passar passar to pass 5. 1 before e or i is pronounced very forcefully by some cariocas, approximating the ch in church: tinteiro tinteiro tinteiro inkwell VOWELS 1. a in a stressed position is “open” like the a in ‘father; in unstressed positions and with the article a (“the”) it tends to be more “closed” like the final a in America; this is particularly true in Portugal and in general with unstressed final a: matar matar matar to kill a data adata a data the date 2. e, in addition to the pronunciation indicated in Lesson I, in a final unstressed position varies be- tween the i in did and the i in machine in Brazil; it is clipped sharply in Portugal, being like a mute e, or is dropped: breve breve breve brief verdade verdade verdade truth Stressed e before j, ch, Uh, nh in Portugal can have the sound of final a in America, or of closed e: cereja cereja cereja cherry igreja igreja igreja church fecha fecha fecha he closes venho venho venho Icome { CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 1 e in an unstressed position is sometimes pro- nounced as ¢ in be, in parts of Brazil, as mute e in Portugal, or as / in did in both: exercicio —_exercicio. ~—exercicio. —exercise devagar devagar —devagar_~—slowly pedir pedir pedir to ask respeito _respeito —srrespeito —respect 3. 9, in addition to the pronunciation already indi- cated in Lesson 1 (“open” as o in off, and “closed” as o in of), is also pronounced like oo in boot in an unstressed position, quite regularly in Portugal, and less consistently in Brazil (for ex- ample, less so in Sdo Paulo than in Rio de Janeiro); this applies also to the pronunciation of the definite article o (“the”), and to o in a final unstressed position: todos todos todos all o movimento o movimento 0 movimento the movement12 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE | CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 13 LESSON 4 2. au; aula class causa = Cause 3. Ispoke sei. = Tknow an hotels papéis papers (Pronunciation Practice 11) 4, my, mine NASAL SOUNDS he wrote : 1. m,n, and nh, nasal sounds, tend to nasalize the sky chapéu hat vowel preceding them; this nasal quality is espe- dialogue cially strong in Brazil; in Continental Portuguese | © series it may be slight or even absent: diet 1 proper, (one’s) own campo field nome name 3 heleft tentar to try menos less. 9. . coi a cama bed pomada — pomade fight sa thing linha line senhorita miss, young lady sheets (of bed) m, n followed by a consonant are not pro- | 10. another, other nounced, nor in final position (do not close your he bought tips in pronouncing final m; rierely nasalize the ; 11. water quando when preceding vowel): 12. sweater cantar to sing falam they speak iL to take care (of) também also tem. hehas i. quota . sempre always bom good WORD GROUPS ~ bombs = bomb wa a,one Keep in mind that the information given about sects pronunciation applies to word groups as well as to 2. 4 Sate nasalized: , individual words: & wool manhé = morning =| _— 1. between vowels is like z in zeal: 3. nasal vowel combinations: | todososamigos all the friends mile mother ligbes lessons (todos os amigos) mio —— hand poe he puts ! 2. voiced s before a voiced consonant is like z in 4. a special case: muito much azure: . osdemais the rest SOME OTHER VOWEL COMBINATIONS {os demais) 1. ais pai father 3. and so in other cases.CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE RHYTHM AND INTONATION To speak Portugese well you should not only pronounce individual words and word groups cor- Tectly, but you should try to use the proper rhythm and intonation. Pay attention to these and try to imitate them in the following examples. 1. In a declarative statement the tone level is nor- mal, with a slight drop at the end: A escola esta aberta, The school is open. A escola esta aberta, 2, Ina question there is a slight rise at the end: A escola esté aberta? Is the school open? Acescola esté aberta? 3. Compare: fle! esté aqui? Ble esta aqui. Is he here? He is here. Ele esté aqui? Ble esta aqui. 4. Exclamations and phrases said with emotion will affect inflection and may show a rise at the end: Bie ests ferida! He is wounded (hurt)! Ele esti ferido! Nilo me diga! You don't say! Nao me diga! 5. BUILDING UP A VOCABULARY Building up a Portuguese vocabulary is facilitated by the great number of words that are similar in English and Portuguese. Some words are spelled exactly the same (although they may differ consid- erably in pronunciation): ‘Eke ®. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 15 PORTUGUESE ENGLISH PORTUGUESE ENGLISH animal animal hospital hospital capital capital hotel hotel central central motor motor chocolate chocolate original onginal envelope ‘envelope _regular regular favor favor total total ‘There are many Portuguese words which you will have no difficulty in recognizing despite minor dif- ferences. Some of these differences are: a, The Portuguese word has an accent mark: Grea area Jinior junior cénsul consul radio tadio b. The Portuguese word has a single consonant: antena antenna — comercial commercial anual annual oficial official c. The Portuguese word adds -a, -e, or -o: lista list problema problem mapa map restaurante restaurant parte part revolta revolt, d. The Portuguese word ends in a or o, the Eng- lish word in e: causa cause nota note figura figure rosa rose ‘medicina medicine tubo tube minuto minute uso use ¢. The Portuguese word is slightly different in other respects: automévet especial automobile origem special questdo origin question16. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE GENERAL EQUIVALENTS 1. Portuguese ¢ (qu)=English k (ck): franco frank ataque ‘parque park aco 2. Portuguese f= English ph: Silosofia philosophy frase fisico physical —_telefone 3. Portuguese := English th: autor author simpatia autoridade: authority teatro 4, Portuguese ¢=English ce: ‘forcat — force raga 5, Portuguese i= English y: estilo style ritmo mistério mystery —_— sistema 6. Portuguese o and u= English ou: cOrte? court sopa hora hour anunciar montanha mountain curso som sound fundar 7. Portuguese -ia and -io= English y: companhia company _ secretdria familia family remédio historia history, territério story LYorga ®. ce attack sack phrase, sentence telephone sympathy theatre thythm system soup to announce course to found secretary remedy territory CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 17 8. Portuguese -ia, -a, and -o= English e: auséncia absence diferenca difference distancia distance —_justiga justice experiéncia experience comércio commerce noticia notice, news siléncio silence policia _police servico service 9. Portuguese -¢do= English -tion: atencdo attention —_imitagdo imitation cooperagdo cooperation informagdo information descri¢go description satisfagao satisfaction estagdo station tradugdo translation 10. Portuguese -o= English -al: eterno eternal politico political 11. Portuguese -oso= English -ous: delicioso delicious —_ famoso famous numeroso numerous religioso _religious 12, Portuguese -dade= English -ty: cidade city possibilidade possibility oportunidade opportunity qualidade quality LESSON 5 6. USEFUL WORD GROUPS. aa (Unefal Word Groups I) NUMBERS um (masc.), uma (fem.) one dois (masc.), duas (fem) two18 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 19 tres three - SOME COLORS quatro four vermelho ted cinco five azal bine seis six verde green sete seven préto,) negro black cite eight branco white nove nine amarelo yellow dez ten castanho, marrom (@®) brown, cinzento, gris ®) gray THE DAYS OF THE WEEK segunda-feira or segunda Monday Tuesday THE SEASONS quarta-feira or quarta © Wednesday primavera? spring quinta-feira or quinta. = Thursday - everso summer sexta-feira or sexta Friday ooutono : autumn sébado Saturday oinverno winter domingo Sunday THE MONTHS NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST janeiro? January fevereiro February sul south marco March leste abril April cast ao May oeste west junho June He gone By MORNING, NOON AND NOT setembro September manha morning outubro October meio-dia noon novembro: November tarde afternoon dezembro December noite evening, night ‘ terga-feira or terca ®). 2With initial capital letters in Portugal: Janeiro, etc. preto ®. i 2With initial capital letters in Portugal: Primavera, etc. £20 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 21 TODAY, YESTERDAY, TOMORROW 7. inverno 7. autumn hoje today & verde 8. Sunday ontem yesterday 9. junho 9. eight amanha . tomorrow 10. veréo 10. spring _—____ : 11. segunda-feira 11, west Hoje é sexta-feira. Today is Friday. 12. quatro 12, Thursday ‘Ontem foi quinta-feira. Yesterday was 13. outubro 13, four "Thursday. 14, domingo 14. ten Tomorrow is Saturday. 15. oeste 15, red One and one are two. 16. vermelho 16. black One and two are three. 17. préto 17. green Two and two are four. 18. dez 18. Friday Two and three are five. 19. branco 19. gray Three and three are 20. cinzento 20. Monday six. Trés mais quatro: sete. Three and four are ANSWERS seven. 1-18; 2—7; 3~12; 4—10; 5—9; 6—1; 7—4; 8—17; Quatro mais quatro: ito, Four and four are 10—2: 11-20; 12-13; hare arate eight. 16—15; 1716; 18—14; 196; 20-19. . Quatro maiscinco: nove. Four and five are nine. Cinco mais cinco: dez. Five and five are ten. Quiz 1 Try matching these two columns: 1. sexta-feira 1. January 2. outono 2. summer 3. quinta-feira 3. June 4. primavera 4. winter 5. oito 5. October 6. janeiro 6. white 1This form is good for oral use. Another form: Um mais um igual a dois, etc. (Cood morning’) fiery LESSON 6 7. GOOD MORNING! In the morning good day Good morning. Mr. CamposCONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, 23 2 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Bom dia, senhor (Sr.) Good morning, Mr. ‘Campos. Campos. como how vai (est) are (you) getting along, osenhor! you Como vai (est) 0 senhor? How are you? muito very bem well Muito bem. Very well. obrigado thank you Muitobem, obrigade. Very well, thank you. e and osenhor you Eosenhor? And you? bem well Bem, obrigado. Fine, thank you. Detarde In the afternoon boa good tarde afternoon Boa tarde. Good afternoon. Boa tarde, Dona Maria. Good afternoon, Dona Maria. Como vai (esté) a How are you? senhora? Muito bem, obrigada? Very well, thank you. You" is translated by @ senhor (masc.) and a senhora (fer) and by their plural forms os senhores and as senhoras. "A man answers obrigado, a lady obrigada, for “thank you.” Mr. and Mrs, Campos, o senthor Campos € a Senhora Campos: however, itis mote common to address a married woman by Dona and her first name: Dona Maria, etc. Eosenhor? Muito bem, obrigado. De noite boa noite Boa noite, Cecilia. Boa noite, Pedro. Boa noite, Dona Maria. Boa noite, Pedro. 1. manhd 2. senhora 3. Como vai (estd) 0 senhor? 4. Muito bem. 5. Bom dia. 6 Boa noite. 7, de mani & tarde 9. Obrigado. 10. Pedro ILe 12, Boa tarde, 13. Como? 14, senhor 15. de noite QUIZ 2 eer ‘And you? Very well, thank you, In the evening good evening, night Good evening, Cecilia. Good evening, Peter. Good evening, Dona Maria. Good evening, Peter. Good afternoon. in the morning and morning Thank you. Mrs. Peter ‘Sir or Mr, How? Good morning. |. im the evening . How are you? . Very well. (Fine.) . afternoon . Good evening. Good night.24 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 25 ANSWERS Sogou LESSON 7... 5—10; 6—15;7-2; 8-14, | SEB ; 13—9; 148; 1511. (What Do You Have To Eat?) 0 senhor pode can you dizer-me tell me O senhor pode Can you tell & WHERE IS...? dizer-me...? me...? O senhor pode Can you tell onde where dizer-me onde me where there hé . . is there (there is) hé um hotel? is a hotel? Onde bé...? “Where is there... ? O senhor pode Can you tell me um a ae dizer-me onde hd where there is hotel hotel um bom a good restaurant? Onde bé um hotel? Where is there a hotel? restaurante? bom good O senhor pode Can you tell me where restaurante restaurant dizer-me onde é a the City Hall is? Onde hé um bom Where is there a good Prefeitura (a Testaurante? restaurant? Camara onde where Municipal)? é is O senhor pode dizer-me Can you tell me where Onde 6? Where is it? onde é 2 estagio? the station is? OndeéaPrefeitura Whereis the City Hall? O senhor pode dizer-me Can you tell me where (a Camara onde é 0 correio? the post office is? Municipal ®)? Ondeéo restaurante? Where is the restaurant? QUIZ 3 Onde é a estacio? Where is the station? 1. Onde hdum hotel? 1. Where is the City Onde é 0 correto? Where is the post office? Hall? Note: There is a tendency to use ser with fixed location. 2. Onde éa Prefeitura 2. Canyoutell me (a Camara where the station is? Municipal)? 3. Osenhor pode dizer- 3. Can youtell me...? me... ?26 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 21 4. 0 Senhor pode dizer- 4. the post office um diciondrio an English-Portu- me onde é aestacdo? inglés-portugués guese dictionary 5. ocorreio 5. Where is there a alguns liveosem inglés some English books hotel? (‘some books in English") ANSWERS algumas roupas (some) clothes 1-5; 2-1; 3-3; 4-2; 5-4. 9. DO YOU HAVE O senhor tem...? Do you have...? dinheiro (any) money cigarros (any) cigarettes fésforos (any) matches fogo (lume ®) alight Preciso de... Ineed... papel (some paper) lapis (a) pencil tinta ink um sélo! a (postage) stamp sabonete soap pasta de dente toothpaste (dentes) uma toalha a towel ‘Onde posso Where can I buy...? comprar... ? um diciondrio a Portuguese portugués dictionary »selo ®. 10. WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO EAT? café da manhi breakfast (0 pequeno or primeiro almogo oalmégo lunch ojantar dinner Oqueéqueosenhor What will you have? deseja? (“What do you wish?”) faga o favor de please (‘*do the favor of”) dar-me give me (“to give me”) o menu (a ementa ®) Faga o favor dedar-me the menu May I have a menu, o menu (a ementa please? ®. Temos... We have... Pato bread paoe manteiga bread and butter sopa : soup carne meat carne de vaca beef2B CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 29 bife steak (beefsteak) Traga-me... Bring me... carne de porco pork uma xicara de café a cup of coffee presunto ham (uma chdvena de peixe fish café) bacathau cod uma xicara(chévenay a cup of tea camariio, camardes shrimp (sing, and plural) de cha lagosta lobster um guardanapo a napkin sardinhas sardines tuna colher a spoon frango chicken uma cother de chi a teaspoon arroz rice uma faca aknife ovos ges um prato aplate ovos estrelados fried eggs Gosta cope a glass ores menidos scrambled eggs stariadeter...____ 1 would like to have... verduras (legumes) vegetables uma garrafadevinko a bottle of wine milho corn uma garrafa decerveja__a bottle of beer batatas potatoes um chope (uma draught beer fe beans caneca ®) salada salad um cafézinho ®) asmall cup of coffee salada de alface lettuce salad , (demitasse) . tomates tomatoes mais uma garrafa another bottle agua water um pouco mais disso alittle more of that ‘i i mais pao more bread vinho wine cerveja beer A conta, faz favor. The check, please. leite milk café com leite coffee with milk QUIZ 4 aguear sugar 4. carne 1. fish sal salt 2. batatas 2. water pimenta pepper 3. dgua 3. vegetables frutas fruit 4. Oque é que osenhor 4. I need soap. abacaxi (ananas ®) pineapple deseja? bananas banana 5. ovos 5. The check, please. laranjas oranges 6. frango 6. breakfast macas apples 7. peixe 7. a spoon sobremesa dessert 8. uma garrafa de vinho 8. coffee with milk30 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 3 9. Preciso de sabonete. 9. What will you have? SINGULAR 10. Traga-me pao. 10. dessert en falo 1 speak 11. café com leite 11, meat {tu falas) you speak (familiar) 22. agicar 12. a knife ale! fala he speaks 13. verduras (legumes) 13. eggs ela fala she speaks 14, uma xicara de ché 14. Bring me some bread. o senhor fala you speak (masc.) 15. um pouco mais de 18. chicken a senhora fala you speak (fem) pao voce fala you speak 16. uma faca 16. a cup of tea 17. sobremesa 17. some more bread PLURAL 18. 0 café da manhd 18, sugar nés falamos we speak {0 pequeno almogo) (vés falais) (you speak) 19. uma colher 19. a bottle of wine @les' falam they speak (masc.) 20. A conta, faz favor, 20. potatoes elas falam they speak (fem.) ‘0s seahores falam you speak (masc.) ANSWERS as senhoras falam you speak (fem.) vocés falam you speak 1-11; 2—20, 3-2; 4—9; 5S— 13; 6—15: 7-1; 8-19; 9—4; 10—14; 11-8; 12—18; 13-3; 14—16; 15-~17; 16—12: 17—10; 18—6, 19—7; 20—S. LESSON 8 11, SOME COMMON VERB FORMS Be ‘(Untreductions) This lesson and several that follow are longer than the others. They contain information about grammar you need to know from the start. Try to understand each point, and as the course continues observe examples of the points mentioned. Refer back to the sections on grammar as often as necessary Try to develop an understanding and feeling for the basic features of Portuguese grammar rather than a mere memoriza- tion of “rules.” The forms in parentheses are generally to be avoided. NOTES I. These forms, which make up the present tense, translate English “I speak,” “I am speaking,” “I do speak.” 2. Tu “you” is used in very familiar speech, as be- tween members of a family, and between very close friends. It is used much less in Brazil than in Portugal, Brazilians tending to use vocé in cases not calling for o senhor or a senhora, The plural vés is rarely used in Brazil today, being considered fairly archaic, vocés generally taking Tele, cles @.32 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE its place in Portugal and in Brazil. O senhor, a senhora, and their plural forms are the “polite” or less “familiar” forms. 3. Notice that there are six endings: Singular —o indicates the speaker (1). (as) indicates the person spoken to (you). Itis the familiar form. —a indicates someone or something spoken about (he, she, it), or spoken to (you). Plural —amos indicates several people including the speaker (we). (—ais) indicates the persons spoken to (you). This form is rarely used. —am indicates those spoken about (they), or spoken to (you, plural). 4. Notice that the verb form used with éle, ela, 0 senhor, a senhora, and vocé is the same: fala. The Plurals of these have the same form: falam. 5. Notice that several forms of the subject pro- nouns differ depending on whether men or women are speaking or are being spoken about:? éle fata he speaks ela fala she speaks _ éles falam they speak (men) elas falam they speak (women) is also true when the pronouns refer to masculine or feminine nouns (see section 13 of Portuguese Grammar Summary). CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 33 12. “THE” AND “A” 1. The omenino the boy amenina the girl Notice that the word for “the” is in some cases 0 (plural: 03), in other cases a (plural: as). Nouns that take o are called “masculine,” nouns that take @ are called “feminine.” Nouns referring to males are masculine, nouns referring to females are feminine, In the case of other nouns you should learn the gender of the noun, that is, whether it is masculine or feminine. osmeninos the boys as meninas the girls 2. A (an) um menino a boy una menina agiel uns meninos some (a few) boys umas meninas some (a few) girls Quiz 5 1. ew 1. they speak (masc.) 2. nds 2. she speaks 3. 0 senhor fala 3. she 4, éle 4. you speak (to friends, plural) 5. éles falam 31 6. vocés fatam 6. you speak (mase. sing. “polite”) 7. as senhoras falam 7. heCONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 35 34 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 8. ela 8. we speak 9. nds falamos 9. you speak (fem. pl. polite”) 10. ela fala 10, we ANSWERS: 1—5; 2—10; 3-6; 4—7, 5—1; 64; 7—9; 83; 9—8; 10-2. 13. CONTRACTIONS de+o=do de+os=dos of the, from the de+a=da de +as=das a@+o=ao @+os=aos to the ata=a at+as=as em+o=no em-+os=nos in the, on the em+a=na — em+as=nas do menino of the boy da menina of the girl dos meninos of the boys das meninas of the girls - 20 menino to the boy a menina to the girl aos meninos to the boys as meninas to the girls no bélso (bolso ®). in the pocket nos bolsos in the pockets na praia on the beach nas praias on the beaches Contractions of de and em with the indefinite article (wm and its other forms) are optional, both contracted forms and noncontracted forms being used: de um menino ot dum menino of a boy de uma escola or duma escola of a school em umas cidades or numas cidades _in some cities 14. PLURAL 1. Words ending in a vowel, including nasal vowels, or in a diphthong, usually add s to form the plural: ogalo the rooster os galos the roosters amacdé theapple as magds__the apples alei the law asleis the laws 2. Feminine words ending in -do usually end in -6es in the plur acivilizagdo ‘lization as civilizagées civilizations Masculine words in -do usually end in -des in the plural: . ocoracdo the heart os coragées _ the hearts However, some end in -dos or in -des: crist@o Christian cristdos Christians alem@o German alemdées Germans 3. Words ending in -r or -z add es: aflor the flower as flores! _the flowers avoz the voice as vozes_—_—the voices 1as flores ®.36 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 4, Words ending in -al, el, ol, or -ul drop the / and add is: ojornal the newspaper os jornais the newspapers amdvel pleasant, nice amdveis (pl.) 15. ADJECTIVES 0 aluno alto the tall student (masc.) @ aluna alta the tall student (fem) os alunos altos the tall students (masc.) as alunas altas the tall students (fem.} Notice that a descriptive adjective tends to follow the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender and number, that is, it is masculine if the noun is masculine, plural if the noun is plural, ete. The adjective, used without the noun, indicates through its form whether the noun referred to is masculine or feminine, and whether it is singular or plural: (éle) E espanhol. (ela) E espanhola. She’s Spanish. (éles) Sdoespanhéis. They're Spanish. (masc.) (elas) Sao espanholas. — They’te Spanish. (fem.) He's Spanish. 16. POSSESSION English -’s or -s’ is translated by de “of”: acaneta do Jodo John’s pen (“the pen of John”) os cadernos dos the professors’ notebooks (“the professores' notebooks of the professors”) ‘professores @). CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 37 17, ASKING A QUESTION 1. To ask a question, use the same word order as for a statement, but change the intonation (this is the more common form, especially in Brazil): O senhor chegou cedo. You arrived early. O senhor chegou cedo? Did you arrive early? 2. The word order may be inverted, with the verb before the subject: ‘Chegou o senhor cedo? Did you arrive early? 18. “NO” AND “NOT” ‘The word for “no” and for “not” is ndo. To make a statement negative put ndo before the verb: Nao vejo. I don't see. REVIEW QUIZ 1 1. Boa __ (afternoon), senhor Coelho. a. manhé b. tarde c. obrigada 2. Pode dizer-me __ (where) é 0 correio? a. onde b. bom ¢. quando 3. (bring me) pao. a. deseja b. chegou c. traga-me38 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Café com —— (milk). a. agticar b. vinko ©. keite x » Um pouco ___ (more) de carne. a, mais b. copo ©. outro No dia sete de __ (January). @. marco (Margo ®) b. janeiro (Janeiro ®) ¢. outubro (Outubro (Bj 7. (Wednesday), cinco de setembro. a. sexta-feira b. sdbado ©. quarta-feira 8 ____ (how) vai (estd) 0 senhor? a. amdvel b. como ©. cedo 9. Boa. (evening), Dona Maria. a. com b. noite ce. eu a 10. Traga-me uma garrafa de (wine). a. ché b. vinho ¢. dgua ANSWERS Ib; 2a; 3c; 4c; $a; 6b; 7c; 8b; 9b; 10b. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, 39 19. INTRODUCTIONS: Bom dia. Good morning. Bom dia, senhor. Good morning, sir. ‘Como vai? How are you? Muito bem, obrigado, Very well, thank you. E 0 senhor? O How are you? Are senhor é americano? —_you (an) American? Sim, senhor. Yes (sir). O senhor fala Do you speak portugués? Portuguese? ‘Um pouco. A little. quero T want apresent to introduce to you (@) minha amiga my friend Gloria Santos Gloria Santos Quero apresentar-Ihe I want to introduce (a) minha amiga, to you my friend, Gléria Santos. Gloria Santos. muito prazer much pleasure Muito prazer. I'm glad to know you. 0 prazer the pleasure étodo meu is all mine O prazer é todo meu. The pleasure is all mine. permita-me allow me apresentar-me to introduce myself Joao: John Silva Permita-me apresentar-_ May | introduce me. Jodo Silva. myself? I’m John Silva. Carlos Gomes. Charles Gomes prazer pleasure1 Speaking to a woman it would be conhecé-la, Well, and how are you, John? Bem, e vocé, Joao? 40 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 41 em conhecé-to! + to know you (“in eu também also knowing you") gostei muito liked very much Carlos Gomes. Prazer Charles Gomes. I'm Eu também gostei muito, I also enjoyed it very em conhecé-lo, glad to know you. much, . até logo good-by (“until soon”) Permita-me allow me até breve g00d-by (“until soon”) apresentar-lhe to introduce to you Até logo. Goodby, (0) meu amigo my friend ‘Até breve. Good-by. odoutor Sousa Dr. Sousa : ‘ ‘te amaubs vintil tomorrow Permita-me apresentar- 1 should like to boa noite good evening, or good Ihe (0) meu amigo, introduce my tight © doutor Sousa, friend, Dr. Sousa, ‘Atéamanha. See you tomorrow. muito prazer much pleasure Boa noite. Good night, em conhecé-lo to know you ; Dr. Sousa Dr. Sousa in until Muito prazer em I'm very glad to know conhecé-lo, Dr. you. Dr. Sousa. Ate js. See you soon. Sousa. até until o prazer the pleasure avolta the return &todo meu isall mine Atéavotta, See sou when ‘you get Oprazer étodomeu. The pleasure is all mine, . passe get along bem well 20. A GOOD TIME Passe bem. Good-by, or Good luck. eau 1 me diverti had a good time LESSON 9 (diverti-me ®) (‘amused myself”) 21. WHAT'S NEW? muito very much Eu me diverti Thad a good time. aS (Giverti-me ®) (What's New’) ‘uit. Como vai, Manuel? How’s it going, Manuel?42 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE o que ba de ndvo (novo ®) O que hd de ndvo? nada e voce que esta fazendo (a fazer (P) agora Nada. E vocé? Que esta fazendo (a fazer P) agora? pouca coisa nada de importancia Pouca coisa, Nada de importancia. Até logo. Passe bem. more or less * So, so. what is there of new What’s new? nothing and you what are you doing now Nothing. And you? What are you doing now? little thing nothing of importance Not much. Nothing im- portant. So long. Good luck. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 43 QUIZ 6 I. Como vai? 1, Not much. 2. Até logo. 2. I should like to in- troduce my friend to you. « 3, Boa noite. 3, See you tomorrow. 4. Que hd de névo? 4, What's new? 5. Pouca coisa. 5. I'm very glad to know you. 6. Quero apresentar-Ihe 6. How are you? (0) meu amigo. 7. Até amanha. 7. Good night. 8. Névo 8. Good luck (Good- by). 9. Muito prazer em 9. New conhecé-lo, 10. Passe bem. 10. So tong. ANSWERS, 1—6; 2-10; 3~7; 4-4; 5-1; 6-2; 7-3; 8-9; 9-5; 10-8. 22, TO BE OR NOT TO BE Ser and estar both mean “to be” in Portuguese. Ser tends to be used with characteristic features or qualities and estar with more temporary conditions or features. Note examples for particular uses of cach verb. SER eusou Lam (tués) you are (familiar)44 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE éle, ela, osenhor, etc.é he, she, is, you are nés somos we are (¥6s sois) (you are) Ges, elas, os senhores, They, you, etc. are ttc. so ESTAR eu estou Tam (tuestis) you are (familiar) Ble (ca, 0 senhor, ct.) he (she, you, etc.) is, are nés estamos we are (v6s estais) (you are) les (elas, os senhores, they (they, you, etc.) are etc.) estilo SER Ble é médico. He is a doctor. Lie é brasileiro. He is a Brazilian. Ela éjovem. She is young. Eles séointeligentes. They are intelligent. Eéle. Ttis he. Donde (de onde) éo0 ‘Where are you from? senhor? Sou dos Estados Unidos. I’m from the United States. De quem é? Whose is it? Isto é déle.! This is his. E de madeira? Isit made of wood? E tarde. It is late. Ecedo. It is early. Euma hora. It is one o'clock. 1 dele ®. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 45 Sio duas. tis two o'clock. E preciso. Itis necessary. Asalaépequena. The room is small. Olivroéinteressante. The book is interesting. Nés somos alunos. We are students. ESTAR Onde esta (0) meu irmio? Where is my brother? Ele esté em casa. He is home. Estou cansado. I'm tired. Estamos prontos. We are ready. O café esta frio. The coffee is cold. As janelas esto abertas. The windows are open. QUIZ 7 1. Bleé inteligente. 1. Whose is it? 2. Epreciso. 2. Where are you from? 3. Eleé médico. 3, They are Brazilians. 4. Sou aluno. 4, He isa doctor. 5. Euma hora. 5. It’s early. 6. Nés somos médicos. 6. tis two o’clock. 7. Ede madeira. 7. Heis intelligent. 8 Donde éo senhor? 8. Itis necessary. 9. Eles estdo emcasa. 9, Lama student. 10. Ecedo. 10, Itis one o'clock. 11. Estou cansado. 11. It’s made of wood. 12, Eles sdo brasileiros. 12. We are doctors. 13, De quem é? 13. They are home. 14, Etarde. 14. I'm tired, 15. Sao duas. 15, It's late.46 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, Al ANSWERS QUIZ 8 17; 2-8; 3-4; 4—9; $10; 6—12; 7-11; 8—2; 1. Emuito. 1. It’s enough. 9-13, 10-5; 114; 12-3; 13-1; 14-15; 156. 2. E facil 2. It’s not true. 3. E perto. 3. It's very bad. 23. IT 1s 4. E bastante. 4, It’s near. £... Itis 5. Ndoé verdade. 5. It's mine. Everdade. It’s true. 6. E muro mate. & is true. Nio é verdade. It's not true. % Epequeno. ee Esté..2! lis. & Everdade, 8. It's small. Esta certo! Fine! 9. Emeu 9. Wes easy. Est bem. Allright. 10, Estd aqui, 10. Ir'sa lot. muito nau. Ir E grande Its big, bad. ANSWERS Epequeno. It’s small, 110; 29; 3—4; 4—1; 5—2; 63; 7-8; 8-6; Est caro. I's expensive. 9—5; 10-7. Esta barato. It’s cheap. : Eperto. Ienear LESSON 10 Elonge. I's far. 24. TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT E dificil. It's difficult. E facile It’s easy. eg E pouco. It’s little. It’s not much. (2 Know Only a Little Portuguese) E muito pouco. It’s very little. E muito. It’s alot. TO HAVE E bastante. It’s enough. eutenho Thave Nao é bastante. It’s not enough. (tu tens) you have (familiar) Esté aqui. It’s here. @le tem he has Esté ali. I's over there. és temos we have Eseu. It’s yours (his, etc.) (vés tendes) (you have) Emeu. It’s mine. @es tém they have E nosso. It’s ours. Eparao senhor. It's for you. NOT TO HAVE eunfio tenho I don’t have 'For the difference between é and esté see section 22 above, and also section 39 of the grammar summary. (tun tens) you don’t have (familiar)48 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 49 @le nao tem he doesn’t have Naoofalo muitobem, I don’t speak it very nds nfio temos we don't have well. (v6s niio tendes) (you don’t have) Sé sei umas poucas I know only a few éles nao tem they don't have palarras (palavras words. poucas). Tenho tempo. Thave time. Niio posso dizer muita I can’t say much in Nio tenho tempo, Idon’t have time. coisa em portugués. Portuguese. Niotenho amigos, I don't have any friends. 0 seu amigo fala Does your friend speak Tenhofome. (Estoucom I am hungry. (“Ihave Portugues? omio Ne eee een fome.)! hunger Lam with Nio, (0) meu amigo nao No, my friend doesn’t hunger”) fala portugues. speak Portuguese. Temos séde.? (Estamos We are thirsty. (“We Osenhorcompreende Do you understand ‘com séde.) have thirst” ete) portugues? Portuguese? Fie tem frio. (Ble ests He is cold. Compreendo. Lunderstand (it). com frio,) Compreendo tudomas I understand everyting 7 nao falo. ut don’t speak (it std calor. (Bles ‘They are warm, Leio mas nio falo. I read (it) but I don't . speak (it). Osenhor tem razio, You are right. Nao, néocompreendo No, I don’t understand portugues, Portuguese. 25.1 Nao compreendo I don’t understand KNOW ONLY A LITTLE PORTUGUESE portugues multobem, Portuguese very well O senhor fala portugués? Do you speak Naoopronuncio muito I don’t pronounce it Portuguese? bem. very well. Falo um pouco. I speak a little. Preciso de pritica. I need practice. Muito pouco. Very little. O senhor me compreende Do you understand me? Nao muito bem. Not very well. (compreende-me (P)? Falo portugues. I speak Portuguese. Compreendo. Tunderstand. Falo (-o) mal. I speak (it) poorly. Niocompreendo muito I don’t understand very bem. well. . Que disse o senhor? What did you say? ‘The first form, Tenho fome, etc., is more common in Por- Osenhor fala muito You 5 tugal: speak too fast. tga the second form given, Estou com fome, etc., is more depressa. You're speaking too 2 sede @. fast.50. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Fale mais devagar. Speak more slowly. Tenha a bondade de falar Please speak more mais devagar. slowly. (“Have the Kindness to...") Desculpe, mas nao Excuse (me), but T compreendi nada. didn’t understand anything. Queira repetir. Please repeat. Compreende agora? “Do you understand now? ‘Sim, compreendo. Yes, I understand. Que quer dizerissoem — What does that mean in portugues? Portuguese? Como se diz “Thanks” — How do you say ‘em portugués? “Thanks” in Portuguese? Comoseescreve essa How do you spell palavra? (“write”) that word? Faga o favor de Please write it. escrevé-la, LESSON 11 26. DO YOU SPEAK PORTUGUESE? Bei (Do you speak Portuguese?) Bom dia, senhor. Good morning, sir. Bom dia. Good morning. Osenhor fala portugués? Do you speak Portuguese? Sim, falo. Yes, I do. (“I speak") Nao falo ingles. I don’t speak English. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 51 O senhor é portugués? Are you Portuguese? ‘Niio senhor, sou No sir, [’m (a) Brazilian. brasileiro, Mas tenho But J havea friend um amigo que é who is Portuguese. Portugués. Hé quanto tempo 0 How long have you been senhor esté nos in the United States? Estados Unidos? Trés meses. Three months. Ossenbor vai aprender You'll soon learn inglés em pouco tempo. English. (“You'll learn Nao é muito dificil. English in little time.”) It’s not very difficult, Eu acho que é mais 1 think it’s more difficult dificil do que o senhor than you say. diz. Talvez 0 senhor tenha Perhaps you are right. razdo, E mais facil (“Perhaps you have Para nés aprender Teason.”) It is easier Portugués que paraos _ for us to learn Portu- senhores aprender guese than for you inglés. (pl to learn English. O senhor fala muito bem You speak Portuguese portugués. very well. Morei varios anos no _[ lived several years in Brasil. Brazil. Osenhor temumaboa You have a good proniincia. pronunciation. Muito obrigado. Mas Thank you, But need preciso de praticar. to practice. Com licenga. O aviio If you'll excuse me. vai sair, (“With permission.”) The plane is about to leave.52 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 3 Boa sorte e boa viagem. Good luck anda ANSWERS . pleasant trip. Adeus. Good-by. 1—8; 2—13; 310; 4—12; $—14; 6—1; 7—2; 8-3; Adeus, = Good-by. . 9-5; 10-6; N—9; 12—15; 13—4; 14—11; 157. QUIZ 9 . 1. Compreendo mas néo |. Do you speak 27. EXCUSE ME falo. Portuguese? Desculpe. Excuse me. (asking 2. Compreende agora? —_2. I need to practice. pardon for something 3. Nao falo muito bem. 3. alitile » done) 4. Osenhor fala muito 4, What did you say? Com licenga. Excuse me. (asking depressa. permission to do 5. Como se escreve essa 5. Please repeat (it). something, as to palavra? leave, etc.) 6. Osenhor fala 6. not very well Faca o favor de repetir. Please repeat. (“Do the portugués? favor to repeat.”) 7. Precisé de praticar, 7. didn’t understand Com muito prazer. Gladly. (“With much (it) very well. pleasure.”) & umpouco 8. Lunderstand (it) but Assuas ordens. At your service. (“At I don’t speak (it). your orders.”) 9. Faca o favor “9. Speak more slowly. Em que posso servi-lo? What can I do for you? de repetir. " (“In what can I serve 10. no muito bem 10, I don’t speak (it) you?”) very well. O senhor é muito amavel. You are very kind. 11. Fale mais devagar. 11, How do you say That’s very kind of “Thanks” in you. Portuguese? Obrigado. Thank you. 12. Falo-o) mal. 12. You speak too fast. Muito obrigado. Many thanks. 13. Que disseo senhor? 13. Do you understand Muitissimo obrigado. Many, many thanks. now? De nada. Don't mention it. 14, Como se diz “Thanks” 14. How do you spell Nao ha de qué. Don't mention it. em portugués? that word? Nao é nada. It’s nothing. 15. Nao compreendi muito 15. 1 speak (it) poorly. Néio foi nada. Don’t mention it. (“It bem. wasn’t anything.”)54 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 55 Di licenga? May 1(“Do you give ‘These forms are also used before nouns: . permission”) éste menino this boy Pois niio. Of course. esta senhora this lady essa bandeira that flag (near you) LESSON 12 aquéle rapaz mens boy (over ere) 28, THIS AND THAT aquéles vizinhos those neighbors en QUIZ 10 (Ps and Thosy Dé-me és 1. Give me those over Dé-me éste.! Give me this one. (masc.) 1. Dé-me estes. * there Dé-me esta. Give me this one. (fem.) 2. That ¢ there. Dé-me éstes,! Give me these. (masc.) 2 Bae eessa. 3. this tady. ver Dé-me estas. Give me these. (fem,) 4. Este menino. 4. This one. Dé-me ésse.! Give me that one. (mase.) 5 bee 5. That young boy (near the person . ° ‘over there. spoken to; also in 6. Aquéles vizinhos. 6. This boy. _next three examples) 7, Dé-me aquéles. 7. Give me these. Dé-me essa. Give me that one. (fem,) & Aqudle 8. That one (near you). bere esses? Gee me tose. fay 9, Esta senhora. 9. Those neighbors. me ESSas, ose. (fem., é] ). Gi that one. Dé-me aquéle.! Give me that one. (masc) 10. Aquéle rapas. 0 oo {something farther away; also in the next ANSWERS three examples) Dé-me aquela. Give me that one. (fem.) 1—7; 2—4; 310; 46; 5-8; 6—9; 7—1; 8—2; ‘Dé-me aquéles.! Give me those. (masc.) 9-3; 10—S, Dé-me aquelas. Give me those. (fem) Fico com éste, Tl take this one. 29. MORE OR LESS Fico com éstes, er. ‘I'll take these, ete. 1. More —__ mais devagar more slowly este, estes, esse, esses, aquele, aqueles (P. mais dificil more difficult56 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ~ mais facil easier mais longe farther mais perto nearer mais gue isso more than that mais dum ano more than a year Less menos devagar less slowly menos dificil less difficult menos facil less easy menos longe less far, not so far menos perto not so near menos que isso less than that menos dum ano less than a year REVIEW QUIZ 2 —- (this) mening. @ esta b. éste c. essa Dé-me___ (those, fem). @, essas 6. éstes ¢. aguéle Tenho ____ (here) os livros. @. isso >. aqui ¢. como CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 37 4. Osenhor fala muito __ (fast). a. devagar b, bem c. depressa 5. Amanhé vou (there). a. ld 3. aqui ©. ésse 6. (where) estd? @. aqui b. onde ¢. como N E___ (far) daqui. a. longe b. perto ce. ali 8. Hoje é_____ (Friday). @. quinta-feira b. sexta-feira c. fevereiro 9. E muito ___ (expensive). @. caro . barato c 10. As janelas estdo (open). @. fechadas b. abertas ¢. ali58 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ANSWERS 1b; 2a;3b;4e;5a;6b;7a;8b;9a; 10b. 30. “AND” AND “BUT” 1. e“and” ORobertoeo Joao Robert and John are sdo irmios. brothers. 2. ou “or” Cinco ou seis délares. Five or six dollars. Voucom (0) meu ‘I'm going with my irmio oucom(a) _brother or with my minha irma, sister. 3. mas “but” : Quero ir mas no sei I want to go but I don’t quando. know when. Desejo estudar mas —_I want to study but I niko posso. can’t. 4. nem “nor” “not even” Nem (0) meu cunhado Not even my brother- me visitou. in-law visited me. nem... nem “neither... nor” Nemosoldadonem —_ Neither the soldier nor o marinbeiro vieram. _ the sailor came. Ela nem riu nem She neither laughed nor chorou, cried. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 59 Quiz u 1. inglés 1. five or six days le 2. Heis not French but English. 3. mas 3. seven or eight hours 4. cunhado 4, English 5. irmao 5. but 6. cinco ou seis dias 6. tomorrow 7. quando 7. brother-in-law 8. Ele ndoé francés mas &, and inglés. 9. amanha 9. when 10, sete ouoito horas ‘10, brother ANSWERS I—4, 2—8, 3-5; 4—7; 5—10; 6~1; 7—9; 8-2; 9—6; 10—3. LESSON 13 31. WHERE? ag (Phere?) 1, Where? Onde esta? Where is it? Aqui. Here. Ali, There. Adireita. To the right. Aesquerda. To the left. ‘Na esquina. On the corner.60 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Fica na Rua da Ie’s on Liberty Street. Liberdade. Fica na Praca de It’s on Saint Anne's Santa Ana. Square. Por onde? Which way? Por aqui. This way. Por ali. That way. ‘Como se vai 14? How do you get there? Siga bemem frente. Continue straight ahead. Dobre (vire ®) a Turn to your right. direita. Dobre (vire ®) a Turn to your left. esquerda, Onde é isso? Where’s that? E aqui. It’s here. E aqui mesmo. It's right here. Lali. It's there. E mais adiante. It’s farther on. E longe? Isit far? Aque distancia fica? © How far is it from here? Fica (6) perto. It's near. Nao é muito longe. It’s not very far. E tonge d: Isit far from here? Onde esto os éculos? Esto ai. Onde esta o senhor? Ela esta ali. Where are the eyeglasses? They are here. They are right here. ‘They're over there (away from us), ‘They're there (near you). Where are you? Here Lam. He's here, She's over there. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 61 Eles estio por af. They're over there somewhere. Ponha-o aqui. Put it here. Ponha-o ali. Put it there. Espere-me aqui. Wait for me here. Espere-me ai. Wait for me there. Venha ca. Come over here. Vali. Go over there. Lé muito longe. Way over there. ‘Aqui perto. Near here. LESSON 14 ag (Aqui e AU) (ere and There) Lana Africa. Over there in Africa, ‘Aqui na América, Here in America. Lé dentro. In there. La fora. Out there. Onde (éle) mora? Where does he live? Mora ali. He lives there. Espero vé-lo ali. Texpect to see him there. Ela esté ali. She is there. (O) Jodo mora aqui? Does John live here? Mora. He does. ‘Nao, nao mora aqui. No, he doesn’t live here. Mora ali, He lives there. Passe por aqui. Go this way. Passe por ali. Go that way, Saia por ali. Go out that way. 2. Here and There Aqui “here” refers to something near the speaker:62 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Teaho aqui os sapatos. I have the shoes here. Ai “there” refers to something near the person spoken to: (©) que tem (o senhor) al? What do you have : there? Ca “here” expresses motion toward the speaker: Venha ef! Ali “there” refers to something away from both: Eles vém dali, Come here! They're coming from over there. La “there” refers to something more remote: Ble ficou If no norte. —_He stayed there in the north, (Acold is used in some areas). Note: Por aqui means “this way” or “through here”; por ali means “that way” or “through there”: Passe por aqui. Go this way. 3. Near and Far Perto daqui. Near here. Muito perto. Very near. Perto da cidade. Near the city. Perto do parque. Near the park. Ao lado da igreja. Next to the church, E tonge? Isit far? E longe daqui? Isit far from here? E muito longe. It is very far. Niio € tio longe. It's not very far. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 683 Fica a duas quadras @) It’s two blocks from (dois quarteirées) here. daqui. Fica auma milha daqui. It’s a mile from here. Fica a mil quilmetros' It’s a thousand daqui. kilometers from here. QUIZ 12 2. Lana Africa. 1. L expect to see him there. 2. Espere-me al. 2. In there. 3. Aqui. 3. To the left. 4. Adireita, 4. I's far. 5. Ali. 5. Here. 6. Eaqui mesmo. 6. Wait for me there. 7. Espero vé-lo ali. 7. Near here. 8. A esquerda. 8. To the right. 9. E longe. 9. There. 10, Ld dentro. 10. Out there. 11, Ele esta por ai. 11. Go that way. 12. Eperto. 12. It’s right here. "13, La fora. 13. Over there in Africa. 14, Passe por ali. 14, He’s somewhere around there. 15, Perto daqui. 15. It’s near. ANSWERS 1-13; 2—6; 3-5; 4—8; 5—9; 6—12; 7~1, 8—3; 9—4; 10—2; 11—14; 12—15; 13—10; 14—11; 15—7. 1 quilometros ®.CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 32. 1, YOU, HE 1. I, You, He, etc, eu (tu) éle ela osenhor a senhora vocé eu falo (tu falas) éle fala ela fala 0 senhor fala asenhora fala vocé fala nbs (vbs) éles elas os senhores as senhoras vocés nbs falamos (v6s falais) éles falam elas falam os senhores falam as senhoras falam vocés falam SINGULAR I (you) (familiar) he she you (mase., polite) you (fem., polite) you (friendly) I (you speak) (familiar) he speaks she speaks you speak (masc.) you speak (fem.j you speak PLURAL we (you) : they (masc.) they (fem.) you (masc.} you (fem.) you we speak (you speak) they speak (masc.) they speak (fem) you speak (masc.) you speak (fem.} you speak CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 2. It’s Me (I) ‘Sou eu. Es tu.) Ede. Eela. Eo senhor. Ea senhora. E voce. Somos nés. (Sois vés.) ‘Sao éles. ‘Sao elas. 3. My, Your, His It’s me (1). 65 (It’s you.) (familiar) It's he. It’s she. It’s you. (mase.) It’s you. (fem, It’s you. T's us (we). (It’s you.) It’s them (they) (mase.) It’s them (they) (fem.) The possessive adjectives and pronouns will agree with the word they refer to in gender (masc. or fem.) and number (sing. or plural). This accounts for the four forms for each: Masc. Fem. ‘Sing. Sing. meu — minha (teu tua nosso nossa {vosso vossa Masc. Pl. meus feus seus nossos vossos seus Fem. Pi. minhas tuasy suas nossas ‘vossas) suas my your (familiar) your (his, her) our your your (their)66 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 67 LESSON 15 SINGULAR meu relégio my watch an mmnkaserike pee rma) seu sobrinho your (his, her) nephew Study the following examples: sua prima your (his, her) cousin SINGULAR (fem) meu amigo my friend (masc.) nosso primo our cousin (masc.) minha amiga my friend (fem.) nossa sogra our mother-in-law (teu amigo) (your friend) (familiar) seu sogro your (their) father-in-law (tua amiga) (your friend) (familiar) sua tia your (their) auiit” seu amigo your (his, her) friend PLURAL sua amiga your (his, her) friend ‘meus relégios my watches ftosso amigo our friend ‘minhas sobrinhas my nieces nossa amiga our friend seus sobrinhos your (his, her) nephews (vosso amigo) (your friend) suas primas your (his, her) cousins ossa amiga) (our friend) nossos primos our cousins seu ami i ir fri sua amie er mend thee fiend) rnossas sogras our mothers-in-law amiga iend) ‘seus sogros your (their) PLURAL fathers-in-law meus amigos my friends ' suas tias your (their) aunts minhas amigas my friends : (teus amigos) (your friends) (familiar) Other Examples: (tuas amigas) (your friends) (familiar) MASCULINE SINGULAR seus amigos your (his, her) friends Onde estd (0) meu Where is my brother? Suas amigas ‘your (his, her) friends irmao?» nossos ami; our friends Onde esta (0) seu Where is your (his, her) nossas amigas our friends irmao? brother? (vossos amigos) (your friends) (vossas amigas) (your friends) seus amigos your friends (their 1 The use of the definite articte with possessive adjectives is friends) optional. However, the tendency is to use the article, more so suas amigas your friends (their in Portugal than in Brazil (where it is often not used withfam- . ily or other close relationships: meu pai my father, minha irmd friends) my sister, etc.): 0 meu amigo, a minha amiga, etc.6 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Onde estd (0) nosso Where is our brother? irmao? Onde estd (0) seu Where is your (their) irmdo? brother? FEMININE SINGULAR me Onde esté (a) minha Where is my sister? irma? Onde estd (a) sua irma? Where is your (his, her) sister? Onde estd (a) nossa Where is our sister? irma? Onde esti (a) sua irma? Where is your (their) sister? MASCULINE PLURAL Onde estdo (os) meus Where are my hats? chapéus? Onde estdo (os) seus Where are your (his, chapéus? her) hats? Onde estdo (0s) nossos Where are our hats? chapéus? Onde estdo (os) seus. Where are your (their) chapéus? hats? FEMININE PLURAL Onde estdo (as) minhas Where are my gloves? duvas? Onde estdo (as) suas Where are your (his, luvas? her) gloves? Onde estéo (as) nossas _ Where are our gloves? lavas? Onde esto (as) suas Where are your (their) lavas? gloves? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 4. It's Mine There are two forms, one without the definite article and stressing the possessor: a. Emeu. It’s mine. seu. It's yours (his, hers). E nosso. It's ours. Eseu. It’s yours (theirs). b. and one with the definite article, indicating the possessor, but with some thought on the object possessed: Eomeu. It’s mine. Eoseu. It’s yours (his, hers). Eo nosso. It’s ours. Eoseu. It's yours (theirs). Other Examples: Meus amigos e os seus, My friends and yours. Seu livro é melhor que Your book is better than nosso. ours. De quem éaluva?—-E Whose gloves this?— minha. It’s mine. Notice the form of the pronoun when it comes after a preposition: SINGULAR para mim for me (para ti) (for you) (familiar) paraéle for him com ela with her70 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 1 sem 0 senhor without you (mase.) Nés as vimos. ‘We saw them (you, de voce of you fem). PLURAL 6. About Me Por nés for us (in our behalf) Falo de voce. I'm speaking about you. (para vés) (for you) (Falas de mim.) (You [familiar] are com éles with them (masc.) speaking about me.) sem elas without them (fem.) Ela fala déle. She is speaking about para as senhoras ” for you (fem) him. com voces with you ile fala dela. He is speaking about her. 5. He Saw Me Falamos dos senhores. We are speaking about Ble me viu.t He saw me. you (mase.). (Bile te vin.) (He saw you.) (familiar) (Falais de nds.) (You are speaking Ble o vin. He saw him (you, masc.). about us.) Ele a viu. He saw her (you, fem.). Eles falam das ‘They (masc.) are Biles nos viram. They saw us. senhoras. speaking abou you les vos viram.) . (They saw you.) fer.) Nés os vimos. We saw them (you, Elas falam déles. They (fem) are masc.). speaking about them (mase.). 7, He Told Me 1 In Continental Portuguese: Ele me disse. He told me. . Ele viu-me. (Ele te disse.) (He told you.) (familiar) (Ele viu-te,) Ele ihe disse. He told you, him, her. Ele viu-o. Bee vies. Ele nos disse. He told us. Gries tran ) (Ele vos disse.) (He told you.) viram-v0s, . Nos vimo-los. (See item 5, section Ele thes disse. He told you, them. Nés vimo-las. 20, grammar summary.) Brazilian usage favors the object pronoun before the verb, ‘Continental Portuguese favors it after the verb. For morc in- formation on the position of object pronouns see section 20 of the grammar summary. “In the examples in section 7, 8, 9 and 10 on pp. 71-73, Continental Portuguese would favor the object pronoun after the verb: Ele disse-me, Ele deu-me, etc.rR CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Note: It is generally not considered the best form to begin a sentence or a clause with an object Pronoun. The subject pronoun may precede, as above, or the object pronoun may follow the verb and be attached to it with a hyphen: Disse-me. However, in Brazilian speech this has become quite common and must be considered an acceptable pattern. 8. He Gave It to Me Ele me deu. He gave it to me. (Ble te deu) (He gave it to you.) (familiar) Ele the deu. He gave it to you, him, her. Ele nos deu. He gave it to us. (Ele vos deu.) (He gave it to you.) Ele thes deu. He gave it to you, them. Note: The direct object pronoun, if used with an indirect object pronoun, is contracted with it, forming such new forms as mo, 10, tho, no-lo, vo-lo, and tho. These forms are somewhat awk- ward and are generally avoided, especially in conversation. Thus, the direct object pronoun may be omitted, as in the examples above, or the direct object pronoun may be used and the in- direct object replaced by the prepositional form: Ele o deu a mim, etc. 9. I'm Speaking to You Eu the fato, ot, Falo-the. 'm speaking to you. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE B Ble the fala, or, He is speaking to you. Fala-the. 10. Myself, Yourself Eu me lavo. I wash myself. (Tu te lavas.) (You wash yourself.) (familiar) Ele, ela, o senhor, He washes himself, she vocé se lava. washes herself, you wash yourself. és nos lavamos. We wash ourselves. (Vés vos lavais.) (You wash yourselves.) Eles se lavam. They wash themselves. Elas se lavam, etc. They (fem.) wash themselves, etc. Other Examples: Como se chama 0 What is your name? senhor? (“What do you call yourself") Nés nos vemos no We see ourselves in the espelho. mirror. Eles se escrevern. They write to each other. Notice the forms for “myself,” “yourself,” etc.: me, te, se, etc. Verbs which take these “reflexive pronouns” are called “reflexive” verbs. There are verbs which are reflexive in Portuguese but not in English as, for example: Eu me divirto. I'm having a good time. Ele se senta, He sits down. . Nos nos levantamos. We get up. We are getting up. Ela ndo se sente bem. She doesn't feel well.4 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Some of these reflexive verbs use a preposition before a following object: Eles se despedem They are taking leave of de seus amigos. their friends. Ela se ri de nds. ‘She is laughing at us. O senhor no se atreve — You don't dare tell me. a dizer-me. The “se” form is often used where the passive form would be used in English: Fala-se portugués aqui. Portuguese is spoken here. As portas se abrem The doors are opened as vito. at eight. The “se” form is also used to translate the in- definite “one,” “they,” “people,” etc., in English: Diz-se que... It’s said that ... They say that... People say that... Aprende-se muito aqui. You (“one learns”) learn a lot here. QUIZ 13 1. Senta-se. 1, We get up. 2, Nés nos vemos. 2. They are taking leave. 3. Divirto-me. 3. He.gave it to them. 4, Disse-me. 4. She laughs. 5. Nésnos levantamas. 5. Lwash myself. 6 Eume lave. 6. 'm having a good time. 7. Ri-se. 7. They write to cach other. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 75 & Escrevem-se. 8. He told me. 9. Deu-lhes. 9. We see ourselves. 10. Despedem-se. 10. He sits down. ANSWERS 1-10; 2-9, 3-6; 4—8; 5—1; 6—5; 7-4; 87; 9-3; 10-2. 11. It and Them SINGULAR PLURAL Masculine 0. it os them Feminine a it as them O senhor tem o dinheiro? Do you have the money? Tenho, (Sim, tenho-o.} Yes, Uhaveit. Osenhor tem acarta? Do you have the letter? Tenho. (Sim, tenho-a.) Yes, | have it. O senhor viu Jodoe Did you see John and Pedro? Peter? Vi. (Sim, vi-os.) Yes, I saw them. Osenhor viu Mariae Did you see Mary and Ana? Anna? Vi. (Sim, vi-as.) Yes, I saw them. Notice that the pronoun is masculine if the word it refers to is masculine, plural if the word it refers to is plural, etc. In conversation a short answer is often given, as just the verb form as shown above. If the object pronoun is used in the answer, it can follow the verb, as shown above in parentheses, ‘or it can precede the verb: Sim, eu os tenho, etc.16 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, Generally an object pronoun used with an infini- tive may precede or follow the infinitive if a preposition comes before the infinitive (however, with the prepositions a and em the pronoun comes after the infinitive): para me falar or to speak to me para falar-me In the above case, and when the infinitive follows another verb, Brazilian usage usually favors using the object pronoun before the infinitive: Ele quer me falar. He wants to speak to me. Notice that 0, os, a, as, are also used to translate “you”: Nao o vi. I didn’t see you. (masc. sing.) Muito prazer em I'm very glad to know conhecé-la, you. (fem. sing.) Ele os chamou. He called you. (mase. PL) Notice in the second example above that when a direct object pronoun follows the infinitive, the final r of the infinitive is dropped and an /'is pre- fixed to the direct object pronoun, REVIEW QUIZ 3 £ (she). a. éle b. ela 6 eu CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, 7 2. Somos —— (us). ~ a, éles bu ¢. nés 3. Douo livro a (him). a éle B. osenhor co 4, (her) vestido. a. (0) seu 5. (0) meu ¢, (0) nosso 5. (our) cartas. @. (0) nosso b. (as) nossas ©. (0) teu 6, Onde estéo ___(my) livros? a. (os) teus b. (os) meus ©. (a) nossa 7. Seu livro é methor que 0 (ours). a. vossos b. nosso ¢. seu 8. Falamos __ (about him). @. osenhor b. déles c. déle78 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 9. ble___(us) deu. a. se ». nos c. nossos 10. Como se __(call) o senhor? a. lavo b. chama ©. vemos 11. Nés nos (wash). a. lava b. lavais ¢. lavamos 12, ___ -se (They take leave). a. despedem &, levantam ¢. sente 13, ___.-me (sit down). @. diz b. lavo c. sento H4, Falo-____(to bim). a. adles b. o senhor c. the 15. Néo se____ (dare). @. atreve 6. lavam c. levantamos CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 79 ANSWERS 1b; 205345; 4a; 5b; 6b; 75 Bes Ibs 10b; Hos I2a5 Bes Me; Sa. LESSON 16 33. A FEW SHORT PHRASES eS (Woeful Phrases) Cuidado! Watch out Tenha cuidado! Be careful! Watch out! Atengio! Attention! Watch out! Depressa! Hurry up! Mais depressa. Faster. Devagar. Slowly. Mais devagar. Slower. Jd vou. T'm coming. Vamos embora. Let’s leave. Vamos Id. Let’s go. Vamos! Depressa! Come on, let’s hurry! Nio hd pressa, There’s no hurry. Estou com pressa. T'm ina hurry. Nao estou com pressa. I’m not ina hurry. Um momento! Justa minute! Venha jai! Come right away! Imediatamente. Immediately. Agora mesmo! Right now! Aqui mesmo. Right here. Cedo. Soon. Mais cedo. Sooner. Mais tarde. Later. ‘Muito bem. Esté certo, Very well. All right.80 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 81 QUIZ, 14 Que quer dizer o senhor? What do you mean? 1. Cuidado! 1, Slower. Quero dizer que...‘ mean that... 2. Esiou compressa. 2 Que quer dizer isso? What does that mean? 3. Um momento! 3 Quer dizer... It means... 4. Cedo. 4, I'm coming. 5. Imediatamente. 5, Watch out! LESSON 17 6. Mais tarde, 6. Later. 35. NUMBERS 7. Mais devagar. 7. Pmina hurry. 8 Jdvou. 8. Justa minute! an 9. Venhaja! 9. Immediately. 1. One, Two, Three 10. Agora mesmo! (0. Soon. um (mase.) uma (fem.) one dois (masc.) duas (fem.) two ANSWERS tres ) three 1-5; 2-7; 38; 4-10; 5—9; 66; 71; 8—4; quatro - four 9-3; 102. cinco five ‘seis six sete seven 34, MAY I ASK? re eight Permite que the faca_ May ask youa nove nine uma pergunta? question? dez ten Permita-me perguntar- Allow me to ask you... onze eleven, he... doze twelve Pode me dizer Can you tell me? treze thirteen (dizer-me ®)? catorze (quatorze) fourteen Podia me dizer Could you tell me? quinze fifteen (dizer-me B)? dezesseis (dezasseis ®) sixteen Queira me dizer Please tell me. dezessete (dezassete (B) seventeen (dizer-me ®). dezoito eighteen Tenha abondade deme Please tell me. dezenove (dezanove() nineteen dizer (dizer-me ®). Faga o favor de me dizer Please tell me. vinte twenty (dizer-me ®). vinte ¢ um (uma) twenty-one Quer me dizer Will you tell me? vinte e dois (duas) twenty-two (dizer-me ®). vinte e trés twenty-three82 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 83 trinta thirty noventa e dois (duas) ninety-two trinta e um (uma) thirty-one noventa e trés ninety-three trinta e dois (duas) thirty-two trinta e trés thirty-three cem ‘one hundred cento e um (uma) a hundred and one quarenta forty cento e dois (duas) a hundred and two quarenta eum (uma) _ forty-one cento e trés a hundred and three quarenta e dois (duas) forty-two quarenta e trés forty-three mil one thousand mile um (uma) a thousand and one cingienta! fifty mil e dois (duas) a thousand and two cingenta eum (uma) fifty-one mile trés a thousand and three cinglienta e dois (duas) fifty-two cingilenta e trés fifty-three 2. Some More Numbers 120 centoe vinte sessenta sixty 122 centoe vinte e dois (duas) sessenta e um (uma) sixty-one 130 centoe trinta sessentae dois (duas) —_ sixty-two 140 cento e quarenta sessenta e trés sixty-three 150 cento e cingiienta 160 centoe sessenta setenta seventy 170 centoe setenta setenta e um (uma) seventy-one 178 cento e setenta e oito setenta e dois (duas) seventy-two 200 duzentos, duzentas setenta e trés seventy-three 300 trezentos, trezentas 400 quatrocentos, quatrocentas citenta eighty 500 quinhentos, quinhentas oitenta e um (uma) eighty-one 600 seiscentos, seiscentas oitenta e dois (duas) eighty-two 700 setecentos, setecentas oitenta e trés eighty-three 800 oitocentos, oitocentas 900 novecentos, novecentas noventa ninety 1965 mil novecentos e sessenta e cinco noventa ¢ um (uma) ninety-one 1,000,000 um mithdo (de) "einquenta ®. Notice that in addition to the numbers “one” and84 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE “two” the plural hundred forms also have femi- nine forms: duzentos, duzentas, etc, Milhdo uses de before a completing noun: um milhéo de dolares. LESSON 18 aa (How Much?) 3. First, Second, Third The following ordinal numbers each have four forms, masculine singular and plural, and femi- nine singular and plural: primeiro, primeiros, primetra, primeiras, etc. primeiro first segundo second terceiro third quarto fourth quinto fifth sexto sixth sétimo seventh citavo eighth nono ninth décimo tenth 4. Two and Two Dois e dois: quatro. Two and two are four. (Also used: Dois mais dois sdo quatro; Dois mais dois igual a quatro.) Quatro e dois: seis. Four and two are six. Dez menos dois: oito. Ten minus two is eight, CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 85 Sete vézes' trés: vinte Seven times thr eum, twenty-one, Cito vazes oito: sessenta Eight times eight is e quatro. sixty-four. Vinte eum divido por Twenty-one divided by sete: trés. seven is three, QUIZ 15 1. mil 1. 1002 2. onze 2, 32 3. cem 3. 102 4. terceiro 4, 324 J. trinta 3.11 6. vinte 6. 1000 7. sessentae sete 7. 67 & trezentos e vintee 8.71 ro 9 inte dos 9. 3rd 10. cento e dois 10. 875 LI. oitocentosesetenta 11. 83 ecinco 12. setentae um 12. 555 13. mile dois 13. 20 14. quinhentos e cingiienta 14. 30 ecinco 15. oitentae trés 15, 100 ANSWERS, 1—6; 2—5; 3—15; 4—9; 5—14; 6—13; 7—7; 84; 9—2; 10—3; 11-10; 12—8; 13-1; 14—12; 1I5—1L. tyvezes ®.86 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, 36. HOW MUCH? Quanto custa isto? How much does this cost? Custa quarenta It costs forty cents. centavos, Quanto é uma libra (um How much is a pound quilo) de café? (a kilogram) of coffee? Estamos vendendo a It costs eighty cents a oitenta centavos a pound (a kilogram). libra (0 quilo). (“We're selling at eighty cents,” etc.) 37. IF COSTS... Custa... Itcosts... Este livro custa sessenta This book costs sixty cruzeiros. cruzeiros. fle comprouumcarro He bought acar for two por dois mil délares. thousand dollars. Aviagem de navioé The trip by ship is three trezentos délares. hundred dollars. Tenho economizado _I've saved to be able to para poder comprar buy an overcoat. um sobretudo. No més de junho! éle In the month of June he ganhou mais de um earned more than a conto. conto (1000 cruzeiros or escudos). Vende-se s6 por (or 20) It is sold only by the quilo. kilogram. 1 Junho ®. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 38 MY ADDRESS IS... EumoronaRuado —_I live at 230 Passeio Passeio (no) Street. (aimero), duzentos etrinta. Ela mora na Praga da She lives on Bandeira Bandeira. Plaza. Alojaéna Avenida Rio The store is on Rio Branco. Branco Avenue. 39, MY TELEPHONE NUMBER IS .. - O nitmero de meu My telephone number telefone é trés, dois, is 3288. ito, oito. Oniimero de seu Their telephone number telefone é quatro, is: 4.0820. zero, vito, dois, zero. Nao esqueca o nimero Don’t forget my de meu telefone; édois, _ telephone number: um, zero, cinco. 2105. Linha, por favor, Vou Line, please. I'm going discar 0 nitmero. to dial the number. O mimero sete, um, ‘Number 7128 does not dois, vito, ndo answer. responde. 40. THE NUMBER IS... The number is... My number is Onmimeroé... Meu mimeroé...88 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 89 Moro no quarto niimero live in room 30. vinteecincode 25th of December. trinta, dezembro. O mimero de mew My apartment number dezessete (dezassete 17th of November. apartamento é is 120. @®) de novembro. cento e vinte. treze de fevereiro. 13th of February. Moro na Quinta Avenida, [live at 332 Fifth drezenios e trintae Avenue, fifth floor. dois, quinto andar, LESSON 19 * 41. WHAT’S TODAY? as (What's the Date?) ‘Que dia da semana What day is it today? é hoje? (“What day of the week is today?”) E segunda-feira. It’s Monday. A quantos do més What day of the month estamos? is it? (“At how many of the month are we?”) Estamos a vinte. It’s the 20th. (“We're at the 20th.”) Estamos a... It’s the... um (primero) de Ist of May. maio.? onze de abril. 11th of April. quatro de julho. 4th of July. quinze de setembro. 15th of September. vinte e um de junho. 21st of June. 1 In Portugal, Maio, etc. vinte e oito de agésto.’ 28th of August. 42. SOME DATES: A América foi descoberta America was discovered em mil quatrocentose in 1492. noventa e dois. Os portuguéses? The Portuguese dis- descobriram o Brasil __ covered Brazil in em mile quinhentos. 1500. O pai déle faleceuem is father died in 1962. mil novecentos sessenta ¢ dois. Estivemos Id em mil We were there in 1946 novecentos e quarenta or 1947. e seis ou quarenta e sete. Que aconteceu em mil novecentos e quarenta eum? O presidente Roosevelt President Roosevelt faleceu em mil died in 1945, novecentos e quarenta e cinco, What happened in 1941? 1 Agosto ®. * Portuguese ®.90___CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE | — CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE __91 QUIZ 16 Siio duas (horas). 1. E segunda-feira. 1. On the 25th of June. Sio trés. 2. Aquantosdomés 2. On the 28th of, Siio quatro. estamos? February. Sao cinco. 3. A primeiro de julho. 3, On the 13th of Stoo seis. August. ‘Sio sete. 4. Estamos a vinte. 4, 1605. Sio cito. 5. A onze de abril. 5. It’s Monday. Siio nove. 6. A vinte ¢ oito de 6. What day of the Siio dez horas. 1 ‘fevereiro. month is it? Stio onze. 11:00. 7. A vinte e cinco de 7. He died. E meio-dia. 12:00. It’s noon. E meia-noite. 12:00. It’s midnight. 8. Mil seiscentos e cinco. 8. On the Ist of July. is i 9. Atreze de agésto. 9. Onthe 11th of April. nate hour 10, Faleceu, 10. It’s the 20th. ‘Agquehors? (At) what time? Aque horas chegou? At what time did you ANSWERS arrive? Por favor, diga-me que Please tell me the time, 2-6; 3-8; 4-10; 5-9; 6-2; 7-1; 8-4; horas sdo. 9-3, 10-7. Que horas tem 0 What time do you have? senhor? Que horas so pelo What time is it by your 43. WHAT TIME IS IT? seu relégio? watch? Que horas sio? What time is it? uma hora. 1:00. LESSON 20 Eumae cinco. . . Eumaedez, 0. a5 Eumae quinze. 5. (Phat Time Ie 12) E.uma e um quarto. 215. Silo trés e dez. It’s 3:10. Eumae meia. 30. Silo seis mein. Tes 6:30. Faltam dez para as 50 (“ten minutes to Siioduas menosum —_ It’s. a quarter to two. duas. two”). quarto,92 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Ainda no sio quatro. —_It’s not four yet. Aqque horas sai o trem — What time does the train (comboio ()? leave? As nove em ponto. At 9 o'clock sharp. ‘Quase as nove. About 9 o'clock. Sfio dez boras da manha. It’s 10 a.m. Asoitoequarentada At 8:40 p.m. noite. As seis da tarde. At6p.m. As dez da noite. At lOp.m. Notice that to indicate “a.m.” or “p.m.” you add da manhd, da tarde ot da noite. 44, ITS TIME Esté na hora. Is time, Esté na hora de fazé-lo. It’s time to do it. Est4 na hora de partir. It’s time to leave. Esta na hora de irmos It’s time for us to go para casa. home. Tenho muito tempo. Thave a lot of time. Nao tenho tempo. T haven't any time. Ble esta perdendo He’s wasting his time. {a perder ®) © tempo. Ela vem de vez em She comes from time to quando. time. QUIZ 17 1, Estd na hora de 1. She comes from fazé-lo. time to time. 2. Que horas sdo? 2. It’s 9:00. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 93 3. Euma, 3. At what time? 4. Sao trés, 4. It’s time to do it. 5. So nove, 5. Its2: 6. E meia-noite. 6. It’s 1:00. 7. A que horas? 7. haven't any time. 8. Ndo tenho tempo. 8, It's 3:40 p.m. 9. Euma eum quarto. 9. It’s noon. 10. Séo quatro horas. 10. It’s 3:00. 11. Sdo duas. 11, Its 1:05. 12. Elavem devezem 12. It’s 4:00. quando. 13. E meio-dia. 13. What time is it? 14, Eumae cinco. 34, It’s 1:15. 15. Séotrése quarenta 15, It’s midnight. da tarde. ANSWERS J—4; 2—13; 3-6; 4—10; S—2; 6—15; 7— 9—14; 10—12; 11-5; 12—1; 13-9; 14—1 45. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PASSADO PRESENTE FUTURO ‘ontem hoje amanhé yesterday today tomorrow ontem de esta manha amanha de manha this morning — manhi yesterday tomorrow morning morning94 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 95 ontem & hoje a amanbi A Dentro de duas In two weeks. tarde tarde tarde semanas. yesterday this afternoon, tomorrow Ha duas semanas. Two weeks ago. afternoon, this evening afternoon, Este més. This month. last evening. tomorrow O més passado. Last month. evening O més que vem. Next month. ontem & hoje a amanhi a No préximo més. Next month. noite noite noite Dentro de dois meses. In two months. last night this evening tomorrow Hi dois meses. ‘Two months ago. night Este ano. This year. O (no) ano passado. Last year. 46. MORNING, NOON AND NIGHT O (no) préximo ano, Next year. . 5 . Dentro de dois anos. In two years. Esta manha. This morning. » Onn emuht, —Yestvey nang wate, Reman Amanha de mana. Tomorrow morning. quanto tempo" ong aBO- t " Ha pouco tempo. A short time ago. Hoje a0 meio-dia. This noon. Ha muito tempo. A long time ago. Ontem ao meio-dia, Yesterday noon. Agora. Now. Amanh ao meio-dia, Tomorrow noon. ‘Agora mesmo. Right now. Hoje a tarde. This evening (afternoon). Por agora, For the time being, Ontem a tarde. Yesterday evening. Neste instante. At this moment. ‘Amanhi a tarde. Tomorrow evening, Dentro em pouco.. Ina little while. Haje i noie, Tonight. Dagqui a pouco. Inalitne while. Ontem a noite. Last night. Quantas vézes?? How many times? ‘Amani & noite. Tomorrow night. ‘Uma vez. Once. Duas vézes. Twice. Cada vez. Each time. LESSON 21 Raras vézes. Seldom. Muitas vézes. Often. Algumas vézes. Sometimes. ' (Pex, Provont and Pususeh As vézes. Sometimes. Esta semana. This week. A semana passada. Last week. tvezes (. Note: variants previously listed will generally ‘A semana que vem. ‘Next week. not be repeated.96 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 97 De vez em quando. From time to time. 8. O.ano passado. 8, Right now. Mais uma vez. Again. 9. Hoje ao meio-dia. 9. It happened eight Pela primeira vez. For the first time. years ago. De mani cedo. Early in the morning. 10. Dentroempouco. _10. This afternoon. De madrugada. Very early in the 11. Esta semana. 11. Sometimes. morning. 12, Aconteceu ha oito 12. Within a week. Ao anoitecer. In the evening (“at anos. nightfall”). 13, Em fins de maio. 13. Tomorrow No dia seguinte. On the following day. afternoon. De hoje a quinze dias, —_In two weeks. 14. Ha dois meses. 14. Next month. De hoje a oito dias. A week from today. 15. Devezem quando. _ 15. Last week. 16. Dentro de uma 16. Each time. Dentro de uma semana. In aweek. semana. Na quarta-feira da Next Wednesday. 17. Agora mesmo. 17. From time to time. préxima semana. 18, As vézes. 18. Toward the end of Na segunda-feirada Monday a week ago. May. semana /passada. . 19. Dentro de duas 19, This week. No dia cinco déste més. On the fifth of this, ‘semanas. month. 20. Cadaver. 20. Two months ago. A cinco do més passado. On the fifth of last month. ANSWERS Em principios de marco. Early in March. Em fins de maio. Late in May. 1-7; 2—10; 3-13; 4—2; 514; 6—4; 7-1 Aconteceu hd oito anos. It happened eight years ; 12—9; 13-18; 14—20; ago. 16—12; 178; 18—I1; 19—5; 20-16. QUIZ 18 1. Ontem de manha. 1. Last year. REVIEW QUIZ 4 2. Hoje d tarde. 2. Last night. 3. Amanha a tarde. 3. Today at noon. i Ble comprou um carro por —_ (two thousand) 4. Ontem a noite. 4, Now, délares. 5. O préximo més. 5. In two weeks. ' a. trés mil 6. Agora. 6. Ina little while. b, quatrocénios 7. A semana passada. _7. Yesterday morning. ¢. dois mil98 N a > . A (17) de dezembro. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE O miimero de seu telefone é ___ (4-0820). a. dois, cinco, zero, sete, nove b. cinco, zero, vito, nove, zero ©. quatro, zero, oito, dois, zero . (It’s time) de partir. a. a que horas b. hd muito tempo c. esid na hora A quantos do més estamos —_ (today)? a. més b. hoje c. tempo a. dezessete (dezassete P) 5. vinte e sete ©. quinze E__ (1:10). a, uma e cinco ‘b. uma e dez c. onze Sao ___ (7:00). a. Sete b, nove c. seis E___(12:00 noon). a. meia-noite b. meio-dia c. duas CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 9. As _— (3:40). a. falta um quarto para as trés b. trés e quarenta ¢. uma e meia 10. ___ (yesterday) de manha. a. hoje 5. ontem c. esta 11, A ___ (week) passada. a. semana b. noite ¢. amanha 12, Dentro de dois __ (months). a. semana b. dias c. meses 13, Ha dois (years). a. meses b. anos c. dias 14, Na___ (Wednesday) 2la préxima semana. a, segunda-feira 5. sexta-feira c. quarta-feira 15, Em (end) de maio. a. fins b. princtpios c. primeiros100 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ANSWERS, le; 2e;30¢;4b5 5a; 6b; 7a; 8b; 9b; 10d; lla; 12c¢.; 13 b.; 14; 15 a. LESSON 22 47. NO an (Useful Word Groups I) The word for “not”—ndo—comes before the verb: Nao vejo. I don’t see. O senhor nao vé. You don’t see. Such negative words as the forms for “nothing,” “never,” “nobody,” etc. may come after the verb, in which case ndo is used before the verb, or they may precede the verb and then ndo is not used: Ble nao diz nada, He doesn't say anything. Eles nao trabalham They never work. nunca, Nao vem ninguém. Nobody is coming. Or— Ble nada diz. He doesn’t say anything. Biles nunca trabalham. — They never work. Ninguém vem. Nobody is coming. Sim, senhor. Yes, sir. No, senhor. No, sir. Ele diz que sim. He says yes. Ele diz que nao. He says no. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE _101 Acho que sim. I think so. Esta bem. All right. Nio esta bem. It’s not good. Nao é mau, It’s not bad. Nao é isso. Tt’s not that. Ble ndo esté aqui. He's not here, Aqui esté. Here it is. Nao é muito. It’s not very much. Nao é bastante. It’s not enough. E bastante. It’s enough. Nao tao depressa. Not so fast. Nao é nada. It’s nothing. Isso niio & . That’s nothing. Nao tem impo: tancia, It’s not important, Nao tenho tempo. Thave no time. Nao sei como nem I don’t know how or quando. when. Nao sei onde. I don’t know where. Nao sei nada. I don’t know anything. Nilo sei nada disso. I don’t know anything about that. Nito desejo nada. I don’t want anything. Nada desejo. Idon’t want anything. Nao importa. It doesn’t matter. Niio me importa. It makes no difference to me. Nio me importa nada. —_‘It makes absolutely no difference to me. Nilo me diga! You don’t say! Nio tenho nada que —_—‘I’ve nothing to say. dizer. Isso niio quer dizer That doesn’t mean nada. anything. Niio aconteceu nada. Nothing happened.102 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE r Nio diga aninguém. Don’t tell anybody. Nanca 0 vejo. I never see him. Nunca o vi, never saw him. Ele nunca vem. He never comes. Bie nunca veio. - Henever came. Nunca you. I never go. Nunca irei. T'll never go. LESSON 23 aa (Useful Word Groups Ul) Nem. Nor. Eu nio disse (nem) sequer uma palavra. I didn’t say a word. Nem...nem... Neither... nor... Nem mais nem menos. Just so (“neither more nor less”). Nem um nem outro. Neither one or the other. Nem isto nem isso. Neither this nor that. Nem peixe nem carne. Neither fish nor fowl. Nem todos foram. Not all went. Nembemnem mal. So so, Neither good nor bad. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE __103 Nao posso nem desejo —_I can’t go, nor do J want ir. to go. Néo tenho nem tempo _I have neither the time nem dinheiro. nor the money. fle niio sabe ler nem He can't read or write. escrever. Nao tenho cigarros Thaven’t any cigarettes nem charutos. or cigars. 48. USEFUL WORD GROUPS II 1, Isn't it? . Nao 6? Isn’t it? Nao é verdade? Isn’t that so? O portugues é facil, niio 6? Portuguese is easy, isn’t it? ‘A gente aqui é muito agradavel, nio 6? People here are very nice, aren’t they? O senhor tem lapis? Do you have a pencil? Nao tenho. I don’t have any. E verdade! That’s the truth! O senhor conhece o Sr. Dias, ndo é verdade? You know Mr. Dias, don’t you? Nito hé nada de verdade nisto. There’s no truth in this.104 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 105 O senhor vem, nfo? | o out Quer algumas peras? You'll come, won’t you? . Do you want some pears? Estd frio hoje, niio? Dé-me algumas. It’s cold today, isn’t it? A senhora gostou do filme? Gostei. Did you like the film? 1 liked it. 2. Some, Any, A Few O senhor tem algum dinheiro? Do you have any money? Tenho. T have (some). Nao, nao tenho. No, I don’t have any. ile tem dinheiro? Does he have some money? Ele tem um pouco. He has some (a little). Ele nao tem. He doesn’t. Fica-the algum dinheiro? Do you have any money left? Fica um pouco, There's a little left. ‘Quantos livros tem? How many books do you have? Tenho alguns. Thave a few, Give me a few. QUIZ 19 1. Nao vejo. 1. Neither this nor that. 2. Nao é nada. 2. Ihave no time. 3. Ndo me diga! 3. I don’t know where. 4, Nunca vou. 4, Nothing happened. 5. Nao ovi. 5. [don’t see. 6. Acho que ndo. 6. Idon’t know anything. 7. NGo tdo depressa, 7, It’s not enough. 8 Nao sei nada. 8. I didn’t sec him. 9. Néo vejo nada. 9. You don’t say! 10. Nao é bastanie. 10. He never comes. I. Nao me importa. 11. Isee nothing. 12. Néo aconteceu nada. 12. I'll never go. 13. Ele nunca vem. 13. It’s nothing. 14, Nao é mau. 14. He’s not here. 45. Nunca irei. 15. I don’t think so. 16. Ele ndo estd aqui. 16. It’s not bad. 17. Ninguém vem. 17. It makes no difference to me. 18. Nem isto nem isso, 18. Not so fast. 19, Nao sei onde. 19. Inever go. 20. Nao tenhotempo. 20. Noone comes. ANSWERS 1—5; 2-13; 3—9; 4—19; 5—8; 6—15; 7-18; 86;106 9-; 10-7; 15—12; 16—1 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE NIT; 12-4; 13-10; 14-16; 1720; 18—1; 193; 20-2. Ges (Ureful Word Eroups 111) Dé-nos alguns. Give us some. Dé-the algumas. Give him a few (fem). Alguns dos meus amigos. Some of my friends. 3. Like, As, How Como. Like, as, how Como eu. Like me. ‘Como isso. Like that. Como isto. Like this. Como nés. Like us. ‘Como os outros. Like the others. Este nao é como ésse. This one isn’t like that one. Assim 6, That's the way it is. ¥ CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 107 Como o senhor quiser. As you wish. Ele ndo é como seu pai (como o pal). He’s not like his father. Nao sei como explicé-to. T don’t know how to explain it. Como esta? (Como é isso?) How is it? E branco como a neve. It’s as white as snow. ‘Como vai? How are you? ‘Como quer que seja. However it may be. Seja como for.? Be it as it may. Como falo mal, ninguém me compreende. As I speak poorly, nobody understands me. Como? O que disse? I beg your pardon? What did you say? Como ela ¢ bonita! How pretty she is! "From now on, the material in parentheses of the recorded text will ordinarily indicate an alternate form which is the one recorded ‘on the Continental Portuguese edition. It will be marked only when it is particularly characteristic of Continental Portu- guese as distinguished from Brazilian usage. for108 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ¥ CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 109 QUIZ 20 1. Como o senhor quiser. 1. He’s not like his father. 2. Como os outros, 2. What did you say? 3. Comoisto. 3. Give him a few. 4. Osenhor tem 4. How pretty she is! dinheiro? 5. Alguns dos meus 5. Do you want some amigos. pears? 6. Elenéoécomoseu 6. As you wish. Pai. 7. Corho, faz favor? 7. Do you have any money? 8. Dé-the algumas. 8. Like the others. 9. Como ela é bonita! 9. Like this. 10. Quer algumas peras? 10. Some of my friends. ANSWERS: 1—6; 2—8; 3—9; 4—7, 5—10; & 9—4; 10—5. 1-2, 83; 49. HAVE YOU TWO MET? O senhor conhece 0 meu amigo? Do you know my friend? Acho que jé nes conhecemos. Tbelieve we've met before. Acho que nio tive o prazer. Tbelieve I haven’t had the pleasure. Nao tive o prazer de conhecé-io. Thaven’t had the pleasure of meeting you. Acho que ja se conhecem, nao? I believe you already know each other, don’t you? Claro que nos conhecemos. Of course we know each other. Nao tive o prazer. Thaven’t had the pleasure. Desejo apresentar-lhe o meu amigo Carlos Gongalves. I would like to introduce my friend Charles Gongalves. 50. SMALL TALK Bom dia. Good morning. Como vai? (Como est&?) How are you? Muito bem. E 0 senhor? Very good. And you? Como vio as coisas? How is everything? O que hd de novo? What's new? Nada, Nao hé nada de névo. Nothing. There’s nothing new. Quase nada. Almost nothing.10 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE LESSON 25 a (Small Tatky Que the tem acontecido que ninguém » ve? ‘Where have you been lately? (“What has happened that no one sees you”) Tenho estado muito ocupada iltimamente. Uhave been very busy lately. Nii deixe de telefonar-me de vez em quando. Call me once in a while. (“Don't fail to call me once in a while.”) Por que nao vem até (a) nossa casa? Why don’t you come by our house? Vou visité-los na préxima semana. Tl call on you next week. (“i am going to visit you next week,”) Nao (se) esqueca. Don’t forget. Entio, até a préxima semana, Until next week then. Passe bem. Good-by. 51. TAKING LEAVE Muito prazer em conhecé-la. Glad to have met you. © prazer foi todo meu. The pleasure was (all) mine. Em breve espero vé-la de névo. Thope to see you again soon, . CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE it Aqui tem (0) meu enderéco! e (0) meu telefone. Here’s my address and telephone number. Tem (0) meu enderéco? Do you have my address? Nao tenho. Tenha a bondade. Muito obrigada. I don’t have it. Please. Thank you. De nada. Don’t mention it. Quando posso the telefonar (telefonar-lhe)? When can I call you? Pela manha. In the morning. Telefono depois de amanha. Tl call you day after tomorrow. Conto com (0) seu telefonema. T'll be expecting your call. Até breve. See you soon. Até ja. See you soon. Até logo. See you soon. Até a volta. Until your return. Até amanha. Until tomorrow. Tendereco ®).112 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Até sdbado. Until Saturday. Passe bem. Good-by. Adeus. Good-by. QUIZ 21 1. Atéja. 1. Do you have my address? 2. Adeus. 2. See you tomorrow. 3. Muito prazer em 3. Pll be expecting conhecé-lo. your call. 4. Tem (0) meu 4, Until Saturday. enderéeo? 5. Muito prazer. 5. In the morning. 6. Pela manha. 6. Glad to have met you. 7. Até amanha, 7. Thank you. 8& Conto com (0) seu 8. See you soon, telefonema. 9. Muito obrigado. 9. Very glad (to have met you). 10. Até sdbado, 10. Good-by. ANSWERS 1—8; 2—10; 3-6; 4—1; 5—9; 6—5; 7—2; 8-3; 9—7; 10-4, CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 3 LESSON 26 52. CALLING ON SOMEONE as (Calling on Someone) O senhor Joao Dias mora aqui? Does Mr. John Dias live here? Mora. Yes, he does. (“He lives.”} Em que andar? On what floor? Terceiro, a esquerda. Third floor left. O senhor Dias est4 em casa? Is Mr. Dias home? Nao, senhor. Saiu. No, sir. He’s gone out. A que horas voltara? ‘What time will he be back? Ni sei lhe dizer (dizer-Ihe). I can’t tell you. Quer deixar um recado? Do you want to leave a message? Quero. Pode dar-me lapis ¢ papel? I do. Can you give me a pencil and some paper? Voito mais tarde. Pll be back later. ‘Yolto hoje a noite. T'll be back tonight.4 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 5 Volto amanha. Quero mandar uma carta expressa. Tl be back tomorrow. I want to send a special delivery letter. Volto outro dia. ‘Quero passar um telegrama. T'll be back another day. Twant to send a telegram. Tenha a bondade de Ihe dizer (dizer-Ihe) que me telefone. Please tell him to call me. Vou estar em casa o din todo. T'll be home alt day. 53. LETTERS AND TELEGRAMS Gostaria de escrever uma carta. I'd like to write a letter. Pode me dar (dar-me) papel? Can you give me some paper? Aqui tem papel e tinta. Here’s some paper and ink. Vou a0 correio. I'm going to the post office. Onde vendem selos? Where do they sell stamps? Tem selos? Do you have any stamps? Preciso de um sélo para carta aérea (selo de correio a€reo). Ineed an airmail stamp. Aqui tem selos. Here are some stamps. Quanto custa um telegrama para Porto Alegre? How much does a telegram to Pérto Alegre cost? QUIZ, 22 Terceiro, a esquerda. Volto mais tarde. Mora aqui o senhor Joao Dias? , Aqui tem papel e tinta. Gostaria de escrever uma carta. Tem selos? 7. Em que andar? Uma carta expressa, Vou estar em casa o dia todo. Quer deixar um recado? Sepxnavawnm ~ T'll be home all day. Do you have any stamps? Td like to write a letter. Do you want to leave a message? What floor? A special delivery letter. Here’s some paper and ink. Does Mr. John Dias live here? Third floor left. T'll come back later. ANSWERS, 1—9, 2—10; 38; 4—7; 5—3; 6—2; 7-5; 8—6; 9-1; 10-4. SOSI AWA YN DE6 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 17 LESSON 27 Taxi! Taxi! en 54. GETTING AROUND ne Text livre? “ es Are you free? (Getting Around) Leve-me a éste enderégo. Pode me dizer onde é esta rua? Take me to this address. Can you tell me where this street is? Qusnto marca o taximetro? Como se vai a éste enderéco? How much does the meter read? How do you get to this address? . O Onibus (autocarro @) pira aqui? Elonge? Does the bus stop here? Isit far? O bonde (0 carro eléctrico (P) piira aqui? Qual é o caminho mais curto para a cidade? Does the streetcar stop here? ich is th ity? Which is the shortest way to the city? devo descer? Que caminho devo tomar? Where shouid I get off? Which road should I take? Pode me dizer (dizer-me) 0 caminho para a Rua da Quiz 23 Alfandega? ; > Can you direct me to Alfandega Street? 1 Qualéa Seiten a ri . el ! A Prefeitura (A Camara Municipal (©) fica perto Z. Onde é esta rua? daqui? 4. Leve-me a éste enderéco. Is the city hall near here? 5. Qual a distancia daqui destagao? Onde hé um telefone publico? 6. Fica perto daqui? Where is there a public phone? 7, Elonge? Quero dar (fazer) um telefonema, & Onde devo descer?, I want to make a telephone call. 9. Como sevaia...? . . 10. O énibus (autocarro ®) para aqui? Qual a distancia dagui a estagdo? How far is the station? Ainda estamos longe da estacdo? Are we still far from the station? How far is the station? How do you get to...? Isit far? eye118 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, . Does the bus stop here? Where do I get off? Where is there a public phone? Where is this street? ‘What's the shortest way to get to...? Take me to this address, Is it near here? Been ans ANSWERS: 1-8; 2-6, 3-7, 4-9; 5-1; 6-10; 7-3; 85; 9—2; 10-4. . 55. PLEASE One of the most common ways of saying “please” is the equivalent of “Do the favor of: Faga 0 favor (de). Faga o favor de entrar. Please come in. Faca o favor de levar isto. Please carry this. Faga o favor de vir cedo. Please come early. Other polite expressions are: 1. Faz favor. Please (“do the favor”). Faz favor de me telefonar (telefouar-me). Please telephone me. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 19 Faz favor de sentar-se. Please sit down. 2. Tenha a bondade. Please (“‘have the kindness”). ‘Tenha a bondade de preparar tudo. Please prepare everything. 3. Por favor. Please. (O) Seu bilhete, por favor. Your ticket, please. 4, Queira... Please... Queira continuar até domingo. Please continue until Sunday. Queira embarcar antes das nove. Please embark before nine. Related expressions: Quero Ihe pedir (pedir-Ihe) um favor, I want to ask a favor of you. Recebi (0) seu favor. I received your letter (“favor”). (In commercial corre- spondence.) Desculpe-me. Excuse me. (For having done something.) Desculpe a demora. Excuse my delay.120 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 121 QUIZ 24 Acabo de conseguir a chave. 1. Faz favor de telefonar-me. Thave just obtained the key. 2. Faca o favor de vir cedo. Ble acabava de almogar quando aparecemos. 3. Faz favor de sentar-se. He had just had lunch when we appeared. 4. Desculpe a demora. 5. Desculpe-me. 2. Ter que, or ter de means “to have to”: 6. Fasa o favor de entrar. ‘ 7. Tenha a bondade de preparar tudo. Teuho aue (Tenho de) apressar-me. 8. Facao favor de levar isto, fave to hurry. . 9. Seu bilhete, por favor, Voeé tem de convencer-me primeiro. 10. Queira continuar até domingo. You have to convince me first. I. Excuse my delay. 3. Hé means “there is” or “there are”: 5 me acly HA muitos eachorros (eiles) nesta cidade. 4. Please carry this. * There are many dogs in this city. 5. Please continue until Sunday. 4. Gostaria de means “would like to”: 6. Your ticket, please. T. Please sit down, Gostaria de ajudar mas no posso. 8. Please come in. I'd like to help but I can’t. 9. Please prepare everything, 10. Please telephone me. ANSWERS REVIEW QUIZ 5 1—10; 2—3; 3-7; 4—1, 5—2; 6—8; 7-9; 8-4; 9—6; 10—5. 56. SOME USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 1, Acabar de means “to have just”: Ele acaba de aceitar. He just accepted. 1. Esté em —__(home, house) 0 senhor Dias? @, andar b. hora c. casa 2. Quer deixar um ___ (message)? a. ldpis b. recado c. papel122 . Leve-me a éste ___ (address). w N © CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, a. cidade 6. caminho . enderéco (I need) um sélo. a. vendem b. preciso de ©. acho . Nao trabalham ___ (never, ever). @, amanha 6. nunca c. sdbado —— (not) todos foram. a, nem b. nunca c. hoje Dé-me __ (some). a. todos ». algumas c. nada ‘Nao tive o prazer de (meeting you). a. ocupado b. chamar ¢. conhecé-lo Tenha a ___.(goodness) de preparar tudo. a. desculpe b. bondade . faga Ha; 12b; 13 a5 14 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 123 10. Fagao___ de entrar. a. bondade b. favor c. queira 11, _— (please) embarcar antes das nove. @. queira b, desculpe ©. trabatham 12, __ (I've just) de terminar 0 trabalho. a. chegar b. acabo ¢, falo 13. ___ (I'd like) escrever uma carta. a. gostaria de b. acaba ¢. vai d4, ___ (Excuse) a demora. a, tenha b. desculpe ¢. chame 15, Néo vem (nobody). a, ninguém 6. nada c, outros ANSWERS by; 354d; 5 bs 6a; 7b; 8c5 9b; 10 bs Sa.124 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 125 LESSON 28 Que hé de névo?* What's new? ee Que so? What are they? (he. What, Whent Que horas so? Whaat time is it? - What, When’ Que deseja? What do you want? ‘Que quer dizer? What does it mean? Que dia é hoje? What day is it today? 57. WHO? WHAT? WHEN? ‘Que disse éle? What did he say? L > “Who?” * . Que é que éle disse? What did he say? Quem? “Who?” “Whom? Que mais? What else (more)? ‘Quem 6? Who is it? Que é feito da Maria? What happened to Niio sei quem 6. I don’t know who it (he) Mary? is. Que é que ha? What's wrong? Quem o disse? Who said it? De que falam? What are you talking Quem disse isso? Who said that? about? De quem é esta ‘Whose baggage is this? ‘Com que pagam? What will you pay with? ? ‘Aque cinema éle foi To what movie theatre De quem sao essas Whose songs are those? (foi éle)? did he go? cangdes? Para quem é ésse Who is that toy for? 3. Por que? “Why?” brinquedo? Por que vocé nioo Why didn’t you rentit? A quem vocé entregou To whom did you deliver alugou? een fatness? the camera? Por que no me disse Why didn’t you tell me otogréfica? : antes? before? fomeuen bree? er diayou Por que niio? Why not? 2 Por que é tanta pressa? Why such a hurry? Com quem falaram? With whom did they Por que isso? Why so? ? 2 ” Quem convidaram? © Whom did they invite? Por que razio? For what reason? 4. Como? “How?” 2. Que? “What?” Como se diz em How do you say it in 2 Que é isso? What is that? portugués? Portuguese? Que é isto? What is this? — Que aconteceu? What happened? tnove ®.126 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 127 Como se chama? Whatis your name? Como se escreve essa How is that word spelled palavra? (written)? ‘Come vai? How are you? ‘Como se cansou tio. How did you get tired so cedo? carly? 5. Quanto? “How Much?” Quanto é? How much is it? Quantos cartées How many cards did recebeu? you receive? Quantas vézes o How many times did aconselharam? they advise it? LESSON 29 (Liking and Disliking) 6. Qual? “What?” “Which?” Qual desejaosenhor? — Which do you want? (Qual deseja?) Qual das cadeiras Which of the chairs do prefere? you prefer? De qual dos colétes' Which of the vests do gosta mais? you prefer? Quais séo os costumes Which are the customs que nio ihe agradam? —_you don't like (“that don’t please you”)? ‘Com qual des irmaos Which of the brothers did se casou? she marry? Jooletes B. 7. Onde? “Where?” ‘Onde mora o seu Where does your cunhado? brother-in-law live? Donde vem ésse Where is that noise barulho? coming from? Para onde vio? Where are they going? 8. Quando? “When?” Quando (se) fechaa © When does the library biblioteca? close? Quando aconteceu? When did it happen? ‘Quando vai éle? When is he going? (Quando é que éle vai?) Nii sei quando. T don’t know when. Até quando? Until when? Nao sei até quando. I don’t know how long (until when). Desde quando? Since when? Para quando? For when? Para quando quiser. For whenever you wish. QUIZ 25 1. Como se chama? 1, When did it happen? 2. Quantos cartées 2. Since when? recebeu? 3. Como se dizem 3. Who is it? portugués? 4. Que disse éle? 4, Where does he live? 5. Quando aconteceu? —_$, What’s your name?128 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 129 6. Desde quando? 6. What did he say? 5. Dé-nos (a few). 7. Quem é? 7. Why not? a, nada 8 Por que néo? 8. How do you spell b. alguns (write) it? c. algumas vezes 9. Onde mora? 9, How many cards did you rectine? s 6 Quer ____ (some) peras? 10. Como se escreve? 10, How do yousay it @ quantos in Portuguese? b. algumas vézes ¢. algumas ANSWERS 7. Ndoé (like) seu pai. 29; 3-10, 4-6; 51; 62; 7-3; 8-7; 4. como 9-4; 10-8, b. isto c. outros REVIEW QUIZ 6 8. Tenho estado muito ___ (busy) tiltimamente. 1, Néo vejo____ (nothing). a. sempre a. ninguém &. ocupado 6. nada ¢. névo & munca 9. Jése____ (know)? 2. Nao vem (nobody). a. conhecido @ ninguém b. conhecem b. ndo c. conhecé-lo c. munca , 2 4. Néo sabe ler (nor) eserever. 10. O dnibus (autocarro @®) (stops) aqui? a. ndo @ para A banca b. segunda-feira comem ¢. chama 4. O portugués é fil (isn’t) IL. Como se vai a éste __ (address)? a, néioé a. correio b. ndo senhor b. carta ¢. munca c. enderéco130 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ' CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 431 12. Néo hé nada ____ (new). 19, ____(where) mora o seu cunhado? a. de novo a, onde b. munca &. como ©. prazer c. que 13, Acabo de conseguir ___ (the key). 20, ___ (when) aconteceu? a. odia @. quem b. a chave b. qual c. a demora c. quando 14, ___ (what) disse éle? ANSWERS "i como | dbs 2a;3e;4a; 5b; 60; 7a; 8b; 9b: Wa; quan Ile; 12a; 13b.; 4c; 15b; 16a; 17b; 18a; 19a; © que 2c. 15. .._. (why) tanta pressa? a, quando 6 por que 58 LIKING AND DISLIKING e. 1. T Like It 16. ___ (how) se diz em portugues? Bom. Good. @. como Muito bom. Very good. b. quando £ muito bom. Ws very good. c. ninguém E 6timo.1 It’s excellent. E excelente. It’s excellent. 17, (how many) vézes 0 aconsetharam? Eestupendo. It’s wonderful. a. quem E magnifico. It’s wonderful. b. quantas E perfeito. It’s perfect. c. como Esta bem. W's all right. . Nao é mau. It’s not bad. 18. —. (who) disse isso? Esta bem isto? Is this all right? a, quem b. que —_ c. quando + éptimo ®.132 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Muito bem! Ela é bela. Ela € belissima. Ela é rouito linda, Ela é encantadora. Que bonita (que) ela é! Como ela é bonita! Que bom! 2. I Don’t Like It Nao é bom. Nao é muito bom, Isso nao é bom. Isto no esta bem. Isso é mau. E bastante mau. E péssimo. E muito ruim. Nao gosto. Nao me interessa. Nao vale nada. Nao serve para nada. Nao adianta. Que pena! Ehorrivel! Very well! Very good! She’s beautiful. She’s very beautiful. She's very pretty. She’s charming. How pretty she is! How pretty she is! How nice! It’s not good. It’s no good. It’s not very good. That’s no good. This isn’t right. It’s not right. This is wrong. That's bad. It’s quite bad. It’s very bad. It’s terrible. It’s terrible. I don’t like it. I don’t care for it. It doesn’t interest me. It’s no good. It’s worthless. It’s no good. It’s worthless. It’s no use. It’s no good. What a pity! It’s terrible! CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 133 QUIZ 26 1, Estd bem. 1. It's excellent. 2. Muito bem. 2. She's very pretty. 3. E excelente. 3. It’s worthless. 4. Nao é mau. 4. Whata pity! 5. Isso é mau. 5. It’s no use. 6. Que pena! 6. It’s wonderful. 7. Ela é muito linda. 7, It's all right. 8. Ndo vale nada. 8. That's bad. 9. Nao adianta, 9. Very well. 10. E-estupendo. 10. It’s not bad. ANSWERS, 1-7; 2—9; 3-1, 4-10; 5—8; 6—4; 7—2; 8—3; 9—5; 10-6. LESSON 36 ee (7 Like) 3. [Like Gosto. [like it. Gosto muito. Like it very much, Gosto...Gosto de... like... like to... Gosto déle. Hike him. Gostamos dela, We like her. O senhor gosta? Do you like it? Nao gosto. I don’t like it.134 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, O senhor gosta da cor?! O senhor gosta de Portugal? Eles gostam do Brasil. Gostamos dos Estados Unidos. O senhor gosta da escéva?? Gosto mais do espelho. O senhor acha que ela gostaré da bélsa?? Nao gostei do primeiro capitulo, Eu gostaria de me deitar (deitar-me) cedo. Os advogados nao gostaram do clube. Nao gostaram nada. Gostaria que éles me enviassem um convite. Quando quiser. Estou com vontade de Ihe escrever (escrever-the). Por que nao gosta déles? Gosta do quarto? cor ®. Zescova PB. Sbolsa ®. Do you like the color? Do you like Portugal? They like Brazil. We like the United States. Do you like the brush? I like the mirror more. Do you think she will like the purse? I didn’t like the first chapter. I would like to go to bed early. The lawyers did not like the club. They didn’t like it at all. T would like them to send me an invitation, Whenever you like. I feel like writing him. Why don’t you like them? Do you like the room (bedroom)? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 135 Gosto. Like it. Gosto muito. Tike it very much. Nao gosto. 1 don’t like it. Nao gosto muito. I don’t like it very much. Ele gosta mas ela He likes it but she nao gosta. doesn’t. Nés gostamos mas éles We like it but they don’t. nao gostam. Ninguém gosta. Nobody likes it. Eu gosto mas (0) like it but John Joao ndo gosta. doesn’t. Ela gosta de tudo. She likes everything. QUIZ 27 1. Eles nao gostaram 1. Idon’t like it very nada. much. 2. O senhor gosta? 2. Do you like the room? 3. Gosto muite. 3. They like Brazil. 4. Osenhor gosta da 4. We like her. cér? 5. Quando quiser. 5. Nobody tikes it. 6. Eles gostam do 6. Llike it very much. Brasil. 7. Ninguém gosta. 7. Do you like it? 8. Gostanws dela. 8 Whenever you like. 9. Nao gosto muito. 9. They didn’t like it at all. 10. Osenhor gastado ‘10. Do youlike the quarto” color? ANSWERS: 1-9, 2--7; 3-6; 4—10; 5— 9-1; 10-2. 8: 6. 8-4:136 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 59, IN, TO, FROM Estive em Brasilia. Vou a Lisboa. Venho de Coimbra. Parto para Sio Paulo. Cheguei até Belo Horizonte. 1. A “to” A direita. A esquerda, Pouco a pouco. Puseram-se & mesa. A que horas? americana. A respeito de. Ele ficou a porta, Ele o fez (fé-lo ®)! Aforca. I was in Brasilia. Tam going to Lisbon. Tcome (am) from Coimbra. T’mleaving for Sa0 Paulo. T got as far as Belo Horizonte. To the right. To the left. Little by little. On foot. By hand. At noon, At midnight. In my opinion. They sat down at the table. At what time? In the American way. Regarding, with respect to. He stayed at the door. He did it by force. 1 See item 5 of section 20 of grammar summary CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 137 LESSON 31 ao (Useful Word Groups 1V) 2. Com “with” Café com leite. Coffee with milk. Ela foi como She went with the estudante. student. Estou com fome. Tam hungry. 3. De “of,” “from” E de meu tio. Venho do Rio de Janeiro. E de pedra. De dia e de noite. De névo. 4, Em “in” Vivi em Portugal dois anos. Saio dentro de quatro dias. Em lugar de. Em fim. 5. Até“up to,” “until” Até o (ao) Estoril. Subi até o quinto andar. Até amanha. Até logo. It’s from my uncle. I come (am) from Rio de Janeiro. It's made of stone. By day and by night. Again. I lived in Portugal two years. T’'m leaving in four days. Instead of. Finally. Up to (as far as) Estoril. I went up to the fifth floor. Until tomorrow. See you later. (See you soon.)138 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 139 ae is. See you soon. Other Expressions: a vista. See you later. Por qué? Why? he en Por agora. For the time being. 6. Desde “from Pela manha. In the morning. Desde aqui. From here. Por acaso, By chance. Desde que 0 vi. Since I saw him. Por exemplo. For example. Desde quando? Since when? Por isso. For that reason. Therefore. 1. Sobre! “on,” “over” Por meio de. By means of. Sébrean On the table, Por causa de. On account of. i Por fim. Finally. At tast. Que disseram sObre What did they say Por aqui This way. Around here. © assunto? about the subject? Ets por fazer, I'sstill 0 bedone. 8. Por “for,” “through” Por ataeado. coun. Sessenta milhas por Sixty miles an-hour. Por assim dizer. So to speak. hora. Por conseguinte. Consequently. Eu o comprei I bought it for a dollar. Therefore. (comprei-o) por um Por bem ou por mal. For better or for worse. dolar, . Por escrito. In writing. Ew lhe dei (dei-lhe) I gave him twenty PorDeus! For heaven’s sake! vinte cruzeiros pela _cruzeiros for the Por enquanto. For the time being. ee purse, Por pouco. Almost. e me dev o seu He gave me his book Por interessante que However interesting it livro pelo meu, for mine. seja. may be. Passamos pela We passed through Por volta das duas. Around two o'clock. Espanha, Spain. Eile entrou pela He came in through the i porta. door. { 9. Para “for,” “in order to” Eu vou por éle. Tl go for (in place of) Para indicates direction, purpose: him. Para ir 14, To go there. Uma estante para A bookcase (“‘a stand ‘sobre ®. livros. for books”). |140 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Ele partiu para He left for Belém. Belém. A carta é para ela, The letter is for her. A lig¢do para amanhé. The lesson for tomorrow. Para éle é facil. It’s easy for him. Nao serve para nada. It's worthless. It’s not good for anything, Para id e para cd. Back and forth. Para onde éles foram? — Where did they go? Para que vocé ofaz? Why do youdo it? (For what reason do you do it?) Para sempre. Forever. For always. Descrevo com detalhes 1 am describing it in para que detail so that they may compreendam bem. undeistand it well. Estamos prontos para We are ready for the a viagem. trip. With estar it means “about to”: Estamos para sair. We are about to leave, We are leaving. QUIZ 28 J, Ao meio-dia. 1. On foot. 2. Pouca a pouco. 2. In my opinion. 3. A direita. 3. I come from Rio de Janeiro. 4. A americana. 4. It’s made of stone. 5. Com. 5. By day and by night. 6. Ape. 6. Again. 7. Venho do Rio de 7. On the table. Janeiro. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 141 i | & Ede pedra. 8. To the right. | 9. Arespeito de. 9. For example. 10. De ndvo. 10, Little by little. Until tomorrow. Atnoon. Since I saw him. In the American way. With. Instead of. 11. Por exemplo. n. 12. Dediaede noite, 12. 13. A esquerda. 13. 14, A meu ver. 14. 15, Atéo(ao) Estoril, 15. 16. Saio dentro de 16. quatro dias. 17. Sobre a mesa. 17. Até amanhd. 18, . Em lugar de. 19. Desde que o vi. 20. To the left. Regarding. As far as Estoril. I'm leaving in four days. ANSWERS i 18. 19. 20. 1 1-12; 2-10; 38: 4—14: 5—15; 6-1, 7—3, 84, 9-18; 10-6; 11-9; 12—S; 13-17; 14-2: 15—19: 16—20; 17—7; 18—11; 19—16; 20-13. QUIZ 29 “1. Por acaso. 1, I bought it fora dollar. Sixty miles an hour. Certainly. . Por volta das duas. 2. . Passamos pela 3. Espanha. 4. Por agora. . Eu o comprei por 5. um dolar. Por isso. 6. we s }. For that reason, Around here, ew = For heaven’s sake!142 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 10. Por Deus! 10. For the time being. U1. Por fim. IL. See you soon. 12. Ele entrou pela 12. Around two o'clock. porta. 13. Por aqui. 13. So to speak. 14. Por assim dizer. 14. He came in through the door. 15. Esté por fazer. 15. We passed through Spain. ANSWERS: 1-8; 2-12; 3-15; 410; $—1; 64; 7—2; 83; 9; 10-6; 7; 12-14; 135; 1413; 159) QUIZ 30 1. A carta é para ela, 1. A bookcase, 2. Ndo serve para nada. 2. The lesson for tomorrow. 3. A ligdo para amanhd. 3. To go there. 4. Estamos parasair. 4. He left for Belém. 5. Para sempre. 5. Where did they go? 6. Uma estante para 6. We are ready for livros. the trip. 7. Para ir ld. 7. The letter is for her. & Ele partiu para 8. Forever. Belém. 9. Estamos prontos 9, It’s worthless, para a viagem. 1 410. Para onde éles 10. We are about to foram? leave. i4f__ CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 7. Sessenta milhas por 7. At last. hora, . 8. Por certo. 8. By chance. 9. Até logo. 9. It's still to be done. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 143 ANSWERS 1-7; 29; 3-2; 410; 5—8; 6-1; 7-3; 8-4; 96; 10-5, LESSON 32 60, ASKING YOUR WAY a (teking Your Way) Por favor. Excuse me. Please. Como se chama esta cidade? What is the name of this town? A que distancia estamos de Porto Alegre? How far are we from Porto Alegre? Quantos quilometros so daqui a Sintra? How many kilometers is it from here to Sintra? Fica a dez quilémetros daqui. It's ten kilometers from here. ‘Como se vai daqui a Braga? How do I (does one) get to Braga from here? Siga éste caminho. Follow this road. Pode dizer-me como ir a éste enderé¢o? Can you tell me how I can get to this address? Sabe onde fica éste lugar? , Do you know where this place is? Como se chama esta rua? ‘What is the name of this street?144 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Pode dizer-me onde fica esta rua? Can you tell me where this strect is? Onde é a Rua da Liberdade? Where is Liberdade Street (Liberty Street)? Fica longe daqui? Is it far from here? Fica perto? Is it near? E a terceira rua a direita. It’s the third street to the right. Passe por aqui. Go this way. Siga sempre em frente. Go straight ahead. Siga até a esquina e dobre (vire () a esquerda. Go to the corner and turn to the left. Dobre (Vire (P) a direita. Turn right. Onde hd uma garage @ (garagem ®)and (®)? Where is there a garage? Estd aberta a garage (garagem)? Is the garage open? Onde é o pésto! policial (a esquadra ()? Where is the police station? Onde éa Prefeitura (a Camara Muni ? Where is the City Hall? inal By Onde para 0 énibus (0 autocarro (®)? Where does the bus stop? "posto ®. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 145 Onde devo descer? Where do I get off? Em que parada (paragem (P) devo descer? At what stop should I get off? Onde fica a estagio da estrada (do caminho (®) de ferro? ‘Where is the railroad station? Qual é 0 trem (0 comboio () para a capital? Which is the train to the capital? De que plataforma sai? From which platform does it leave? Onde esta o guiché (guichet (P) de informagées? Where is the information desk? Tenha a bondade de dar-me um hordrio. Please give me a timetable. ‘A que horas sai? At what time does it leave? Acaba de sair. It just left. Vai sair agora. It’s going to leave now. ‘A que horas sai o proximo trem (comboio (©)? At what time does the next train leave? ‘A que horas sai o expresso (0 rapido)? At what time does the express leave? A que horas chega a capital? At what time does it arrive in the capital? ‘Tem carro dormitério? (Tem carruagem cama? ®) Does it have a sleeper?146 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Nilo, mas tem carro (Vagiio) restaurante e carro fumar (fumadores (P). me No, but it has a diner and a smoking car. ‘Tem ar condicionado? Is it air-conditioned? Onde fica o guiché de passagens (a bilhetei ? Where is the ticket window? ‘ cn Om Por favor, uma passagem para Sio Paulo. A ticket to Sao Paulo, please. Simples ou de ida e volta? One way or round trip? De ida e volta; é mais barato, niio 6? Round trip; it’s cheaper, isn’t it? E, De primeira ou (de) segunda classe? Yes, it is. First or second class? De primeira. Quanto é? First-class. How much is it? ‘Tenho pouca bagagem. Sé duas malas. Thave only a little baggage. Just two bags. LESSON 33 3a (Writing, Phoning, Telegraphing) Um pouco mais de uma hora. A little more than an hour. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 147 Este lugar esté ocupado? Is this seat taken? Vou por a mala aqui. I’m going to put my bag here. Que estagio é esta? | What station is this? Quanto tempo demoramos aqui? How long do we stay (stop) here? Temos de baldear aqui? Do we have to change trains here? Este trem (comboio (®) pra na capital? Does this train stop in the capital? 61. WRITING, PHO! O senhor tem (um) lapis? Do you have a pencil? © senhor tem (uma) caneta? Do you have a pen? Tenho uma caneta-tinteiro e uma caneta esferogrifica. Thave a fountain pen and a ballpoint pen. O senhor tem mata-borriio? Do you have a blotter? Noo tenho envelopes. I don’t have any envelopes. Nem selos. Nor stamps. Desejo mandar uma carta aérea (uma carta por aviso). I want to send an airmail letter. IG, TELEGRAPHING148 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE EI ATIONAL PORTUGUESE Onde é o correio? Where is the post office? Na esquina. ‘On the corner. Onde vendem selos? Where do they sell stamps? Quero enviar esta carta pelo correio aéreo (esta carta por aviaio), I want to send this letter airmail. Quanto é 0 porte? How much is the postage? Gostaria de passar um telegrama. I'd like to send a telegram. Onde é 0 telégrafo? Where is the telegraph office? Fica no correio, Ir’s in the post office. Quanto é um telegrama para Sio Paulo? How much is a telegram to S40 Paulo? Quanto tempo leva para chegar? How long does it take to get there? Hi telefone aqui? Is there a telephone here? Onde posso telefonar? Where can I phone? Onde fica (est) o telefone? Where is the telephone? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 149 Onde hd uma cabina telef6nica?? Where is there a telephone booth? No vestibuio do hotel. In the hotel lobby. Di licenga para usar o telefone? (Dé licenca que eu use © telefone?) ; ; May I use your phone? (“Will you give permission to use the telephone?”) Pois nao! Of course! Quero dar (fazer) um telefonema interurbano. Twant to make a long-distance call. Quanto custa um telefonema para Lisboa? How much is a phone call to Lisbon? Quero falar com o sete-cinco-oito-dois. T want 7582. um momento. fd the wire a minute. (“Wait a moment.”) A linha est ocupada (impedida (®). The line is busy. Telefonista, deu-me o niimero errado. Operator, you gave me the wrong number. Nao respondem. There is no answer. Gostaria de falar (Desejo falar) com o senhor Silva. T'd like to speak to Mr. Silva. 1 telefonica ®.150 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Fala o senhor Silva. This is Mr. Silva. Aqui fala o senhor Martins. ‘This is Mr. Martins speaking. ‘Com quem falo? Who is this? (“With whom am I speaking?”) Com o senhor Martins. With Mr, Martins. LESSON #4 62. FAMILY AFFAIRS anu (Family Affairs) Como se chama o senhor? (Como se chama?) What is your name? Chamo-me Jodo Martins. My name is Joo (John) Martins. ‘Como se chama le? What is his name? Bile se chama (Chama-se) Carlos Magalhies. His name is Carlos (Charles) Magalhaes. Como se chama ela? What is her name? Ela se chama (Ela chama-se) Maria Fernandes. Her name is Maria (Mary) Fernandes. ‘Como se chamam éles? ‘What are their names? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 151 fle se chama (chama-se) José Campos e ela Ana Coelho. His name is José (Joseph) Campos and hers is Ana Coelho. Qual é o nome déle? What is his name? O nome déle é Carlos. His name is Carlos. Qual é 0 seu nome de familia? What is his last name? E Silva, (Silva.) It’s Silva. Donde é 0 senhor? Where are you from? Sou de Lisboa. oe I'm from Lisbon. ‘Onde nasceu o senhor? (Onde nasceu?) Where were you born? Nasci em Coimbra. 1 was born in Coimbra. ‘anos o senhor tem? (Quantos anos tem?) How eld are you? Tenho vinte e quatro anos. Iam twenty-four years old. Eu faco (Fago) vinte e cinco anos em setembro. T'll be twenty-five in September.152 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE | CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 153 Nasci em dezenove (dezanove (B) de agésto de mil E advogado. novecentos e quarenta e seis, He's a lawyer. Iwas born August 19, 1946. E arquiteto (arquitecto). Quantos irmios o senhor tem? (Quantos irmios tem?) | He's an architect. How many brothers do you have? £ professor. Tenho dois irméos. He’s a teacher. Thave two brothers. E professor universitério. O mais velho tem dezessete (dezassete @®) anos. He’s a university professor. The older one is seventeen. E médico. He's a doctor. Be estuda na universidade. (E estudante da universidade. He's at (he studies at) the university. O mais névo tem quinze anos. The younger one is fifteen. Ele esté (EstA) no dltimo ano do curso secundério. He's in the last year of high school. Quantas irmis o senhor tem? (Quantas irmas tem?) How many sisters do you have? Tenho uma irma. Thave one sister. Ela tem nove anos. (Tem nove anos.) She’s nine. Ela esté numa escola priméria. {Anda na escola priméria.) She goes to grammar (primary) school. © que & (0) seu pai? What does your father do? E comerciante. He's a businessman. E fazendeiro @) (lavrador). "He's a farmer. E funcionério pablico. He’s in the government service. E operdrio. He’s a worker. Ele trabalha (Trabalha) numa fabrica de automéveis. He works in an automobile factory. Quando é o seu aniversério? When is your birthday? Meu (O meu) aniversério é daqui a duas semanas (em vinte e trés de janeiro). My birthday is in two weeks (January 23rd). ‘Tem parentes aqui? . Do you have any relatives here?154 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ff CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 155 ‘Téda! a sua familia mora aqui? LESSON 35 Does all your family live here? 63. COMPRAS Téda a famflia menos (os) meus avés. SHOPPING All my family except my grandparents. Eles moram numa fazenda perto de Belo Horizonte. ag They live on a farm near Belo Horizonte. O senhor € parente do senhor Oliveira? Are you related to Mr. Oliveira? E meu tio. He’s my uncle. E£ meu primo. He’s my cousin. O senhor ¢ parente da senhora Nunes? Are you related to Mrs. Nunes? E minha tis. . She's my aunt. E minha prima, She’s my cousin. ‘toda ®. (Buying Things. Ordering Breakfast) 1, Quanto custa isto? How much is this? 2. Dez cruzeiros (escudos (D). Ten cruzeiros (escudos). 3. E muito caro. Nao tem alguma coisa mais barata? That’s rather expensive. Haven't you anything cheaper? 4. Do mesmo género?! Of the same kind? 5. Do mesmo ou de outro parecido. ‘Of the same or something similar. 6. Tem éste. There’s this. 7. Nao tem alguma coisa de outra espécie que me possa mostrar? Haven't you any other kind you could show me? 8. De menos prego? Less expensive? 9. Se é possivel. If possible. 1 género @.156 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 10, Talvez isto seja o que quer. Perhaps this is what you want. 11. Depende do prego. That depends on the price. 12. Este custa oito cruzeiros (escudos (®). This one is eight cruzeiros (escudos). 13. Gosto mais do que do outro. I like it better than the other one. 14, E mais barato. It’s cheaper. 15. E ste outro, ¢ mais barato ou mais caro? How about this one; is it cheaper or more expen- sive? 16, E mais caro. It’s more expensive. 17. Nao tem mais alguma coisa em est - isténcia (B)? foaue (em ex Haven’t you anything else in stock? 18 Em breve espero receber novos estilos. (Espero receber em breve novos modelos. (P) I'm hoping to receive some new styles soon. 19. Para quando? How soon? 20. De um dia para o outro. Pode passar (por aqui) pelo fim da semana? , (Por sau) Any day now. Can you drop in toward the end of the week? 21. Posso. .. . E qual € 0 preco disto? Yes, I can.... What's the price of this? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 157 22. Cinco cruzeiros (escudos (P) o par. Five cruzeiros (escudos) a pair. 23. Quero uma diizia. Td like to have a dozen. 24. Quer levar consigo? Will you take them with you? 25, Prefiro' que os envie. I'd rather have you send them. 26. O enderégo & 0 mesmo de sempre? Is the address still the same? 27, O mesmo. The same. 28. Até logo. Good-by. 29, Passe bem. Good-by. NOTES Title: Compras “Purchases."? 1.8Quarito custa isto? (“How much does this cost?”). How much is this? You can also say: Quanto é? How much is it? Por quanio se vende isto? (“At, or for how much is this sold?”) How much is this? Por quanto se vendem os limdes? (“For how + Prefiro is from preferir, a radical-changing verb. See gram- mar summary section 41, part III. 2 Words in quotation marks are literal translations. Numbers refer to the sentences above.158 x w as 1. 15, 18. 19. 20. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE much are the lemons sold?”) How much are the lemons? Quanto the custaram as calgas? (“How much did the trousers cost to you?") How much did your trousers cost? . The cruzeiro is the currency unit of Brazil, for merly having been the mil réis. Its value has varied greatly due to steep inflation. As of this writing. the exchange rate is approximately 8,200 cruzciros to the dollar. The escudo is the currency unit of Portugal. The present rate of exchange is 165 escudos to the dofiar. E muito caro. (“It’s very expensive.) That's rather expensive. Isto é muito caro. This is very high (expensive). Barato cheap. Mais barato (“More cheap") Cheaper. (See secton 18 of the Summary of Portuguese Grammar.) Muito barato very cheap. Genero, kind, class, sort. Tem éste. (“You have, or there is, this one.”) There’s this (one), or, we have this (one). “Don’t you have something of another kind you could show me?” Mostre-me outra coisa, (“Show me another thing.”) Show me something else. “Of less price?” Seja from ser (see section 39 of the grammar summary)—“Perhaps this one is what you want.” Depender de, to depend on. E éste outro. “And this other one.” Em breve, in brief, in a short time. Para quando? “For when?” De um dia para o outro. “From one day to the other.” Passar (por aqui) to pass (by here, to stop in). CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 159 21. Posso I can. In answer to a question, often just the verb will be repeated without “yes” or "no." Pode passar por aqui? Posso. Pode vir amanha? Can you come tomorrow? Nae posso. No, I can't. (*tean’t.”) 24. Consigo is a combination which comes from com “with” and si “oneself.” “yourself,” etc, One also hears com o senhor or com d senhora for “with jou.” . 25, Prefiro que... prefer that, I'd prefer that, or I'd rather... » 26. “The address is the same of (as) always? 28, and 29, For other expressions on departure see Lesson 8. QUIZ 31 1. E muito __ (expensive). a. custa 5. isto c. caro 2, Ndo tem alguma coisa mais __ (cheap)? a, género b. prego c. barata 3. Do_____ (same) género. a. alguma coisa b, mesmo c. mais 4. De —_ (less) prego. @. mais 5, menos ¢, mesmo160 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 5. Gosto ____ (more) do que do outro, a. custa b. mais ¢. mesmo 6. Nao a. tem b. caro ¢. outro (have) mais alguma coisa? 7. Espero ___ (receive) novos estilos (novos modelos). a. custar 6. levar ¢. receber 8 Para __ (when)? a. estoque b. caro ©. quando , 9. O (address) é 0 mesmo de sempre? a. enderéco b. escudo c. envie ANSWERS 1e32¢53b34b; 5b; 6a; 705 8059a CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 161 64. O CAFE DA MANHA ® (O PEQUENO ALMOCO ®) BREAKFAST 1. Pl: Voeé esté com fome? (Vocé tem fome?) P: Are you hungry? 2. J: Estou. (Tenho.) J: Yes, am. 3. M: Ea tenho uma fome canina, (Tenho uma fome canina.) M: I’m terribly hungry. 4. % Garcom! Gargom! @ (Empregado! Empregado! ) P: Waiter! Waiter! : 5. G: As suas ordens. Que desejam? G: At your service. What would you like? 6. P: Desejamos 0 café da manhii (0 pequeno almogo) para trés pessoas. P: We'd like breakfast for three. 7. Mz Que pode nos servir (servir-nos)? M: What do you have? 8. G: Café com leite, chi, chocolate... G: Coffee with milk, tea, chocolate . . . 9. P: O que servem com o café? P: What do you serve with it? +P. stands here for Pedro “Peter”; J. for Jodo “John”; M. for Maria “Mary”; G. for Garcom “Waiter.”162 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 10. G: Pao, torradas . , . G: Bread, toast... 11. M: E manteiga? M: And butter? 12. G: Sim, também. G: Yes, also. 13. J: Quero uma xfcara (chévena (B) de café com leite, e pio. J: I'd like a cup of coffee with milk, and some bread (rolls). 14. P: Quero o mesmo. P: I'd like the same. is. J: Maria, vocé o que quer? (Maria, o que quer?) J: Mary, what do you want? 16. M; Eu no quero muita coisa. M: I don’t want very much. 17. on se conservar (conservar-se) esbelta, nZo J: You're watching your figure, aren’t you? 18. M: Nao precisamente. £ mais um hébito. M: Not exactly. It’s more of a habit. i. G: E a senhorita, o que quer? (A senbora, 0 que quer?) G: And what will you have, miss? 20, M: Cha e um dvo! quente. M: Tea and a soft-boiled egg. tov ®. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 163 21. J: Gargom,' queira me trazer um guardanapo. (Queira trazer-me um guardanapo.) J: Waiter, please bring me a napkin. 22, Mz E para mim um garfo, por favor. : And a fork for me, please. 23, P: Tenha a bondade de nos trazer (trazer-nos) mais agicar. P: Please bring us some more sugar. 24. J: E depois, a conta... Aqui tem, garcom,? fique com 0 tréco.? J: And then, the check. .. . Here you are, waiter. Keep the change. Muito obrigado, senhor. ‘Thank you, sir. NOTES 1. Vocé esté com fome? (“Are you with hunger?”) Vocé tem fome? (“Do you have hunger?”) Are you hungry? 2. Eu tenho uma fome canina. (“I have a canine hunger.”) I'm terribly hungry. Cao and cachorro are words for “dog.” Tenho (I have) is from ter to have (see section 43 of the grammar summary). 4. Garcon and gargdo are also used. 5. As suas ordens. (“At your orders.”) At your service. Que desejam? (“What do you want?”) What would you like? 6. O café da manhd (‘The coffee of the morning”) Breakfast. (Used in Brazil, where it is also ' Recorded only on the Brazilian edition. * troco ®).164 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE , CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 165 shortened to 0 café.) O pequeno almoco (“The QUIZ 32 small lunch”) and o primeiro almogo (“The first FJ. (We want) 0 café da manha (0 pequeno lunch”) Breakfast. (Used in Portugal.) almoco) para irés pessoas. 7. “What can you serve us?” The nos may come be- a, desejamos fore the infinitive servir, or after it, joined with a B. conservamos hyphen (see item 2 b. of section 20 of the gram- c. fome mar summary). > 10. Péo is bread, but in a general sense it can also 2, —_ (and) manteiga? include rolls. Pdozinho means roll, plural pdezi- aa nhos. be 17. “You want to stay slender.” Nao? (“No?"), Ndo . 6¥0 & (“Isn't it?"), are short forms of Ndo é verdade? (Isn't it true”) 3. Quero o —— (same). 19, “And what does the young lady want?” ¢ muito 20. Ovo egg. Ovos quentes soft-boiled eggs. Ovos cwervem 88 estrelados fried eggs. Ovos mexidos scrambled eggs. Ovos duros hard-boiled eggs. “Have the kindness to bring me more sugar.” Fique com o tréco. (“Remain with the change.”) Keep the change. The verb ficar to stay, remain, is used in a variety of expressions with an exten- sion of meaning, often being the equivalent of “to be.” Ficou em casa he stayed home. Onde fica? Where is it? Fico convencido. 1 am convinced. Eles ficam em pé. They ase standing. Esse paleté the fica bem. That jacket looks good on you. Figuei doente. I became ill. Ela ficou zangada. She was (became) angry. . “Much obliged.” 4. © que (do you want)? a. tenho b. tem c. quer 5. Eu ndo quero —_. (much). a. fome b. mesmo ¢. muita coisa 6. Queira (bring me) um guardanapo. a. costume b. me trazer (trazer-me) cc. mesmo x E____ (then, later) a conta. a. amanhé b. garfo c. depois166 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ANSWERS la; 2b33b;4¢;5¢:6b;7¢ 65. A SAMPLE MENU CARDAPIO (EMENTA (®) MENU Canja ou sopa de Chicken-rice soup cebola or onion soup Omeleta Omelet Bacathau Cod Frango assado Roast chicken Costeletas grethadas Grilled chops Bife com batatas Steak with fried fritas potatoes Salada de alface Lettuce and tomato com tomate salad Queijo e frutas Cheese and fruit Café Coffee LESSON 36 66. PROCURANDO APARTAMENTO APARTMENT HUNTING ag (Apartment Hunting) L. Venho ver o apartamento. I've come to see (“I come to see") the apartment. 2. Qual déles? Which one? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 167 3. Aquéle que est para alugar. The one which is for rent. 4. Tem ® (ha) dois. There are two. 5. O senhor pode me dar (dar-me) alguns detalhes (algumas informagées)? Can you describe them? 6. O do quinto andar nao tem mobilia. ‘The one on the fifth floor is unfurnished. 7. E 0 outro? And the other one? 8. O do segundo andar é mobiliado (mobilado). The one on the second floor is furnished. 9. Quantas pecas (divisées (P) tem? How many rooms do they have? 10. O do quinto andar tem quatro pegas (divisdes), cozinha ¢ banheiro (casa de banho ®). The one on the fifth floor has four rooms, a kitchen and a bathroom. - 11. Dé para a rua? Does it face the street? 12, Nao, dé para o patio. No, it faces the courtyard. 13, E.0 do segundo andar? And what about the one on the second floor?168 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 14. O do segundo andar tem um quarto, sala de estar, e sala de jantar, The one on the second floor has a bedroom, a liv- ing room, and a dining room. 15, Também dé para o pitio? Does it aiso look out on the courtyard? 16. Nao, dé para a rua, No, it faces the street. 17, Quanto é o aluguel (a renda (PB)? How much is the rent? 18, O aluguel do maior é vinte e cinco mil cruzeiros por més, mais a agua e o gas. (A renda do maior é mil e quinhentos escudos por més, além da égua e do gas.) The larger one rents for twenty-five thousand eruzeiros a month, plus water and gas. (The larger one rents for fifteen hundred escudos a month, besides water and gas. (B) 19. E 0 apartamento mobiliado (mobilado)? And the furnished apartment? 20. Este se aluga por quarenta mil cruzeiros por més, tudo inclufdo. (Este aluga-se por trés mil escudos, tudo inclufdo. ®) That one rents for forty thousand cruzeiros every- thing included. (That one rents for three thousand escudos, everything included. () 21, Como é a mobiia? How is the furniture? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 169 22, Os méveis sfio modernos e esto em boas condicdes. . It’s modern furniture and it’s in excellent condi- tion. 23. Estiic inclufdos a roupa de cama ¢ o servico de mesa? Are bed linens and silverware included? 24, A senhora acharé tudo 0 que precisar, até utensilios de cozinha. | You'll find everything you need, even kitchen utensils. 25, E preciso assinar um contrato? Does one have to sign a lease? 26. Para isso a senhora teré que falar com 0 administrador. ; You'll have to speak to the renting agent about that. 27. Quais sio as condicées? What are the terms? 28. Um més adiantado e outro de depésito. One month’s rent in advance and another as a deposit. 29, E tudo? Is that all? 30, Naturalmente, a senhora ter que dar referéncias. Of course, you will have to give references. 31. A propésito, tem elevador? By the way, is there an elevator?170 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 32. Nilo, néo tem. No, there isn’t. 33. E pena. That's too bad. 34. Akém disso, o prédio 6 muito moderno. Aside from that, the building is very modern. 35. Que quer dizer com isso? What do you mean? 36. Tem aquecimento central ¢ escada de servigo. There’s central heating and a back stairway. 37. Tem gua quente? Is there hot water? 38 Naturalmente. Os banheiros foram remodelados ) Of course! The bathrooms were remodeled recently. 39. Ab, esquecia .. . Tem quarto para a empregada? Oh, I forgot—is there a room for the maid? 40. Tem, e muito bom, Yes, (“and”) a very good one. 41. Podemos ver os apartamentos? May we see the apartments? 42. Sé pela manha. Only in the morning. 43. Muito bem. Venho amanha pela math, Muito obrigada. Very well. I'll come tomorrow morning. Thank you very much. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 171 44. De nada. As suas ordens. Don’t mention it. At your service. NOTES Title: Procurando apartamento, Looking for an apart- ment. 2. “Which of them?” 3. Aquéle “that one.” Alugar to rent, to lease, to let, to hire. 5. “Can you give me some details (some informa- tion)?” 6. “The one of the fifth floor does not have furni- ture.” Méveis also means furniture. Desmobiliado {(Desmobilado) unfurnished. 9. Pecas has a variety of meanings. Here it means “rooms” in the sense of units. The word also means piece, portion, section, a play (theatre), etc. Quarto and sala are used for rooms of the house. Quarto will often have the meaning of bedroom or sleeping quarters. Divisdo (“divi- sion”) can mean “room” in Portugal. 10. Banho bath. Banheiro (B) bathroom, banheira bathtub, chuveiro shower, tomar banho de chuveiro to take a shower. Casa (“house”) can mean “room” in Portugal: casa de banho bathroom. IL. Dd is from the verb dar to give. 13. “And the one of the second floor?” 14. Quarto bedroom; also quarto de dormir. Some times o living is heard for living room. 18. “The rent of the larger one is...” 20. “This one is rented for...” 22. “The furniture is modern . . .” Notice that mobilia172 23. 25. 26. 27. 33. 35. 36. 38. 41. 43. 44, CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE takes a singular verb; mdveis takes a plural verb; mével is the singular form. “Are (there) included bed linens and table serv- ice?” “Ts it necessary to sign a lease?” “For that you will have to speak . ..” Quais is the plural of qual, what, which. Pena, besides “pen” also means pain, sorrow, pity. Querer dizer to mean. “What do you mean with that?” Escada de servico service stairway. Remodelados or reformados remodeled. “Can we see...” Venho from the verb vir, “I come.” “For nothing. At your orders.” QUIZ 33 ——~ (I come) ver 0 apartamento. @ vem b. venho ¢. como Aquéle que (is) para alugar, @. ver b. éste c. esta , ___(there are) dois. @. tem (hd) b. venho (vem) eld CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 173 4, Néo tem ____ (furniture). @ andar b, banheiro c. mobilia 5. ___.(how many) peas (divisdes) tem? @. como b. quantas c. muitas 6, Dd para a ____(street)? @. cozinha b. patio ©. rua 7. —— (also) dd para o pdtio? a. também b. outro c. rua 8, (what) sdo as condigBes? a quais b. quando c. onde 9. A senhora (will find) tudo 0 que precisar. @. andar 6. terd ¢, achard 10. O prédio é___ (very) moderno. a. manha b. muito ¢. mobiliado174, CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ANSWERS 1b; 2¢;3a;4¢;5b; 6c; 7a; 8a; 9c.; 10b. 67. SOME COMMON VERBS 1. Ter “to have” a. I have, etc. (Do not use the forms in paren- theses until you are sure of their proper usage.) tenho temos (tens) (tendes) tem tém Tenho um belo jardim. havea pretty garden. Ndo tenho nada. Idon’t have anything. O senhor tem? Do you have it? Nao tenho. I don’t have (it). Tenho tempo. Thave time. Néo tenho dinheiro. I don’t have any money. Nao tenho filhos. I don’t have any children. Ele ndo tem amigos. He doesn’t have any friends, Tenho fome. (Estou com Ym hungry. Some} Tenho séde. (Estoucom I’m thirsty. séde.) Tenho sono. (Estoucom \’m sleepy. sono.) Tenho frio. (Estoucom Y'mcold. frio.} In this section, the form in parentheses is usually more common in Brazil. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 175 Tenho razdo. Pm right. Ele ndo tem razdo. He’s not right. Eles ndo tém razdo. They're wrong. O senhor tem um Do you have a pipe? cachimbo? Nao tenho. Néofumo. {don’t have (any). I don’t smoke. A fazenda tem muitos Does the farm have animais? many animals? Tem. Tem gado, cavalos, Yes, it has. It has cattle, e carneiros. horses, and sheep. Tenho vinte anos. I’m twenty years old. Tenho dor de cabega. Ihave a headache. (Estou com dor de cabeca.) Ela tem dor de dente. She has a toothache. (Ela estd com dor de dente or denies.) O que é que vocé tem? ~~ What's the matter with you? Nao tenho nada. Nothing's the matter with me. Bles tém pressa. (Eles ‘They're in a hurry. estdo com pressa.) Elas ndo tiveram bom They were not successful. éxito. Tenha a bondade de Please inform me. avisar-me, Tenha cuidado. Be careful. O senhor tem a palavra. You have the floor. Tenho saudades de minha 1 \ong for my country. terra.176 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, Tenho sorte, (Estou com 'mlucky. sorte.) do tem importancia. It doesn’t matter. b. Ter que or ter de translates our “to have to”: Tenho que ir hoje. Thave to go today. O senhor tem que You have to believe. acreditar. Os meninos tém de The children have to brincar. play. Ela tem de indagar. She has to inquire. ¢. Do I Have It? Eutenho? Do I have it? O senhor tem? Do you have it? Ele tem? Does he have it? Ela tem? Does she have it? Nos temos? Do we have it? Os senhores tem? Do you have it? Elles (elas) tém? Do they have it? d. Don’t I Have It? Eu ndoo tenho? Don’t I have it? O senhor nao tem? Don’t you have it? Ele ndo tem? Doesn't he have it? Ela ndo tem? Doesn't she have it? Nos ndo temos? Don’t we have it? Os senhores nao tem? Don't you have it? les (elas) ndo tem? Don’t they have it? QUIZ 4 1. Nédo tenho dinheiro. 2. Nao tenho nada. 1, Thave a headache. 2. Don’t you have it? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 17 3, Ble ndotemrazéo. 3. don’t haveit. 4, Tenho sono. 4, P'meold, 5. Ble tem? 5. They're in a hurry. 6. Eundo tenho. 6. Idon’t have any money. 7. Tenho fome. 7. Does he have it? 8 Tenho frio. 8, He's not right. 9. Tenho vinte anos. 9. I'm thirsty. 10. Osenhor nao tem? 10. Be careful. 11. Tenho que ir hoje, _‘¥1. Idon't have anything. 12. Eles tém pressa. 12. ’'msleepy. 13. Tenho séde. 13, 'mbungry. 74, Tenko dor de cabega. 14, [have to go today. 15. Tenha cuidado, 15. I'm twenty years old. ANSWERS: 1—6; 2-11; 3—8; 4-12; 5—7; 6—3; 7—13; 8—4; 9—15; 10—2; 11—14; 12—5; 13-9; 14-1, 15—10. 2. Haver “to have” (auxiliary verb) hei havemos (has) (haveis) hd hao a. Haver is not used to translate “to have” in the sense of “to possess” (ter is used for this mean- ing). Haver is used with the past participle to form compound tenses, but ter has been re- placing it in this use: Hei (tenho) aprendido have learned (been muito. learning) very much. Havia (tinha) esquecido, I had forgotten.178 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 179 b. Haver is used in expressions of time: Havemos de We'll meet some day Hé quanto tempo? How long ago? encontrar-nos um in Brazil. Hd pouco tempo. Not long ago. dia no Brasil. ; Ha muito tempo. Along time ago. Hei de ir agora mesmo. have to go right now. Eles telefonaram hd trés They phoned three hours e. Other uses: ne dias que nd The haven't spok. Haja o que houver. Come what may. ime falam. que ndo ey for tw oy fen to Que ha de névo? What's new? me for two days. Néo hd de qué. Notat all; you're c. The third person singular Ad means “there is” welcome; don’t or “there are” (tem is often used in this sense, mention it. especially in Brazil): Had muita gente aqui. There ate many people 3, Fazer “to do,” “make” here. Ha uma festa amanha. There i face fazemos se ” ‘om wareny (fazes) (fazeis) HG muitos estrangeiros There ate many faz fazem nessa cidade. foreigners in that city. Que vai fazer? ‘What are you going to y “ 7 4 do? Howe and havia mean “there was” or “there Como se faz isto? How do you do this? . Ela féz' a cama, She made the bed. Howve um incéndio. There was a fire. Havia muita gente There were many people quando cheguei. when I arrived. Haverd means “there will be”: Haverd outro govérno.! There will be another government, d. Haver de indicates intention, expectation, or obligation: ‘ governo ®. a. The third person singular of fazer is used in some expressions about the weather: Faz bom tempo. The weather is good. Ontem féz mau tempo. _ Yesterday the weather was bad. It’s never cold here. Is it warm in the summer? Aqui nunca faz frio. Faz calor no verdo? lfez ®.180 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 181 b. Fazer is used at times instead of haver in ex- 6. Faz frio, 6. Please. pressions of time: 7. Haja o que houver. 7. There is a party Faz tempo que éle ndo He hasn’t spoken to me tomorrow. me fala, for some time. 8 Elaféz acama. 8. The weather is good. Faz trés dias quenéo haven't seen him for 9. Como se faz isto? 9. They haven't spoken 0 vejo. three days. to me for two days. 410. Ha trés horas. 10. How do you do this? c. Other uses of fazer: ANSWERS, Agora vocés podem fazer Now you can ask perguntas. questions. Faca o favor de cobrir _ Please cover everything. tudo. E preciso fazer fila? Is it necessary to stand in line? Ele ainda ndo faz a He doesn't shave yet. barba, Quando nos vai fazer ‘When are you going to uma visita? visit us? Néo faz mal. It doesn’t matter. Vamos fazer uma ‘We're going to take a viagem no verdo. trip in the summer. Ele féz dezoito anos He became eighteen ontem. years old yesterday. QUIZ 35 1. Haumafesta 1, Three hours ago. amanha. 2. Que vai fazer? 2, It’s cold. 3. Faz bom tempo. 3. Come what may. 4. Hd dois dias que 4, She made the bed. ndo me falam. 5. Faca o favor. 5. What are you going todo? 1-7, 2-5; 3-8; 4-9; 5—6; 6—2; 7-3; 8-4; 9-10; 10—1. LESSON 37 68. NAO SOU DAQUI I'M A STRANGER HERE ao (I'm A Stranger Here) 1, Boa tarde. Good afternoon. 2. Boa tarde. Em que posso servi-lo? Good afternoon. What can I do for you? 3. Podia me dar (dar-me) algumas informagées? Could you give me some information? 4, Com muito prazer. Gladly. (“With much pleasure.”) 5. Nilo conhego a cidade e no posso me orientar (orientar-me). * I don’t know the city and I can’t find my way around.* 182 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, 6. (Pois), 6 muito simples. (Well), it’s quite simple. 7. & que eu no sou daqui, You see, I’m a stranger here, 8. Nesse caso eu lhe mostro (mostro-ihe) a cidade. In that case P'll show you the town. 9. Agradeco muito. I'm very grateful to you. 10. Vé aquéle prédio grande na esquina? Do you see that large building on the corner? 11. Aquéle da bandeira? ‘The one with the flag? 12. Precisamente. E 0 correio. Em frente déle, do outro That’s right. (“Exactly.”) That’s the post office. Opposite it, on the other side of the street . . . 13, Onde? ‘Where? 14, Lé {Acolé ®). O senhor vé aquéle outro prédio com 0 relégio? Over there, Do you see that other building with the clock? 15. Ah sim, vejo. Oh, yes, I see it. 16. £ a Prefeitura, (@ 2 Camara Municipal. ®) That’s the City Hall. 17. Vejo... A propésito, em que rua estamos? T see... . By the way, what street are we on? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 183 18, Estamos na rua principal da cidade. We're on the city’s main street. 19. Onde fica o pésto policial (a esquadra (B)? Where is the police station? 20. No fim da rua. Siga sempre em frente. At the end of the street. Go straight ahead. 21. E se no acerto? What if I don’t find it? 22, Vai acertar. E um prédio grande com uma grade de ferro em redor . .. O senhor vé aquela loja? You'll find it. It’s a big building with an iron fence around it ... Do you see that store? 23, Que loja? Aquela a direita? Which store? The one on the right? 24, Sim, aquela que tem um globo verde na vitrina (montra). Yes, the one with a green globe in the window. 25. E uma barbearia? Is it a barbershop? 26, Nao, é uma farmécia. Hé um médico na casa so lado. Tem o nome na porta. No, it’s a pharmacy. A doctor lives in the house next door. (“There’s a doctor in the house at the side.”) His name’s on the door. (“He has the name on the door.”) 21. Ele tem o consultério na mesma casa em que mora? Does he have his office in his home? (“Does he_ 184 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE have the office in the same house in which he lives [‘dwells’}?”) 28. Tem, mas pela manhi est4 no hospital. Yes, he does, but in the morning he is at the hospital. 29. Onde é o hospital? Where is the hospital? 30. O hospital fica a duas quadras (dois quarteirdes) daqui, um pouco antes de chegar 4 rodovia (estrada). The hospital is two blocks from here, just before (“a little before”) you come to the highway. 31. Como posso voltar a (a0) meu hotel? How can I get back to my hotel? 32. Venha aqui. O senhor esta vendo, é ld perto do. Coane aul, o senor ost 2 ver aca parte do... Come over here. You sce it there, next to the . -+ Movie theatre. 34, Exato (Exacto ®). That's right. 35. Ja sei. I know. (“I already know.”) 36. Por que nfo compra um guia? Why don’t you buy a guidebook? 37. Boa idéia (ideia ®). Onde posso comprar {compré-lo)? Good idea, Where can I buy (one)? CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE, 185 38. Na estacéo ou em qualquer banca (quiosque) de jornais. In the station or at any newspaper stand. 39. A estacdo é longe daqui? Is the station far from here? 40. A estagio fica na Praca Maus. The station is on Maud Square. 41. Onde ba uma banca (am quiosque) de jornais por i? Where is there a newsstand near here? 42, Hi uma (um) na esquina. There’s one on the corner, 43. Fico-lhe muito grato. ‘Thank you very much. (“I remain much obliged to you.”) 44, Niio ha de qué. Foi um prazer poder ser-ihe ‘itil. Don’t mention it. (“There is nothing for which to be grateful.”) I’m very glad to have been of some assistance. (“It was a pleasure to be able to be use- ful to you.") 45. Tive muita sorte em encontré-lo. O senhor conhece muito bem a cidade. I was very lucky to meet you. You know the city very well. 46. Nio é de admirar. Sou o prefeito (administrador do conselho). It’s not surprising. I’m the mayor.186 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE | CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 187 NOTES . 3. Aquéle prédio grande na ___. (corner). Title: Ndo sou daqui. I'm a stranger. (“I’m not from a. esquina here.”) 5. correio 2. “Good afternoon. In what can I serve you?” ome Posso, I can, from poder to be able." 4. E 0 ____ (post office). 3. Podia? Could you?; from poder.) Poderia could a. prédio also be used. : ° 5. Orientar-se to orient oneself, to get one’s bear- Beara (Cémara Municipal @) ings, to find one’s way. ©. Prefel ‘pa 7, “It's that I’m not from here.” 11. “That one of the flag?” 15. Vejo, I see; from ver to see. 31. Voltar to return. 34, “Exactly.” 44, Foi. It was; from ser to be.! 45. “I had much luck in meeting you.” 46. Ndo é de admirar. (“It is not to cause surprise.”) It’s not surprising. QUIZ 36 Ea (City Hall). a. simples b, Prefeitura (Camara Municipal P) ©, cidade s 2. Eu the mostro a (city). a. correio ’. cidade ©. caso 1For these and other irregular verbs see section 43 of the grammar summary. “ O senhor vé aquela —— (store)? a. direita b. loja c. barbearia Hé um _— (doctor) na casa ao lado. a. médico b. farmdcia c. nome Tem o nome na ___ (door). a. mesma b. porta c. consultério Ele tem o consultério na mesma —_ (house) em que mora? a. porta b. lado ¢. casa Um pouco —— (before) de chegar d rodovia. a. barbearia188 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE RSE 5. antes c. jornais 10. Onde (can 1) comprar? a. posso 6. conhego c. vejo ANSWERS: 1b52b;3a5 4b; 5b; 6a;7b;80;9b; 10a, LESSON 38 69, CUMPRIMENTANDO UM VELHO AMIGO GREETING AN OLD FRIEND (Meeting an Old Friend) 1. P*: Onde esté o senhor Guimaries? . . . & aquéle senhor que acaba de chegar. P: Where is Mr. Guimardes?—the gentleman who just arrived. 2. G: Ble entrou na sala de jantar. G: He went into the dining room. 3. P: (entrando na sala de jantar ¢ olhando em redor de si) Aht Voeé esté ai! Como vai, meu caro Joao? P: (entering the dining room and looking around) A there you are! How are you, (“my dear”) john? 'P. stands for Pedro “Peter”; G. for o Gerente do hotel “the hotel manager”; J. for Jodo “John”; M, for Maria “Mary.” CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE. 189 4, J: Muito bem, E voc, Pedro? Esté bem? J; Fine. And how are you, Peter? (“And you, Peter? Are you well?”) 5. P: Vocé féz boa viagem? P: Did you have a good trip? 7. P: Ole. Vou apresenti-lo & minha espésa.? P: (“Look.”) I'd like you to meet my wife. & J: Terei muito prazer em conhect-Ie. J: Pll be delighted to meet her. 9. P: Maria, apresento-Ihe (apresento-te) o mew velho amigo, Joao Guimardes. P: Mary, this is an old friend, John Guimaraes. 10. J: Tenho muito prazer em conhecé-la, senhora. J: I'm very glad to know you. 11. Mz O prazer € todo meu. (O prazer é meu.) M: I'm glad to know you. 12. J: A senhora sabe que (0) Pedro e eu somos velhos amigos. J: You know that Peter and I are old friends. 13. M: Em seit Nao bi dia em que nifo me fale do senhor (de si), M: Yes, I know. Not a day goes by without his speaking of you. (“There is not a day in which he does not speak to me about you.”) tesposa D.190 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE INVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 191 14, J: E mesmo? (De verdade?) J: Really? 15. P: Vocé niio sabe quanto prazer tenho em vé-lo de névo (em tornar a vé-lo). P: You don’t know how happy I am to see you again. 16. J: Eu também. Vocé néo mudou nada. J: The same here. You haven't changed a bit. 17. P: Vocé também nio mudou nada. Esté sempre jovem. P: You haven't changed either. You still look as young as ever. 18. M: (A) sua senhora gosta dos Estados Unidos? M: How does your wife like the United States? 19. J: J4 esté acostumada. J: She's gotten used to it. 20. M: Ouvi dizer que a vida em Nova Torque é muito diferente da vida no Rio de Janeiro. M: I understand that life in New York is quite different from life in Rio de Janeiro. 21. J: Com efeito. Hé muita coisa (muitas coisas) Li bem diferente. J: It certainly is. Many things there are different. 24. M: Numa farmdcia? A pharmacy? 25. P: Que brincadeira é essa? P: What kind of joke is that? 26. J: Nao é brincadeira. Estou falando (a falar) sério. L4, numa farmécia pode-se tomar o café da manhai ©) (0 primeiro almogo (P)... 0 almdgo ... 0 jantar... J: It’s not a joke at all, One can have breakfast in a pharmacy, or tunch or dinner. . .. 27. P: Por favor, nao bringue. P: You're joking. 28. M: Mas como o senhor sabe, aqui numa farmécia 86 se aviam (sé aviam) receitas médicas e vendem remédios. M: But as you know, here pharmacies only fill prescriptions and sell medicine. 29, J: Mas 14, além de aviarem receitas, servem boas tefeigées, sorvete e refrescos. J: But over there, in addition to good meals you * an have ice cream and refreshments. 30. M: E fazem as refeicées com tudo cheirando (a chelrar (P) a remédio? M: And one eats there with the smell of medicine all around? 31. J: N&o, nada disso. So estabelecimentos grandes e muito bem organizados, com ar condicionado no vero e com aquecimento no inverno. E repito, pode-se comer como em um 23. J: Por exemplo, a senhora nunca pensaria em ir almogar numa farmécia, no & verdade? J: For example, you wouldn't think of going toa pharmacy for lunch, would you?192 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE restaurante qualquer (como em qualquer restaurante). J: Oh, nothing of the sort. They are large and well-organized establishments, with air condition- ing in the summer and heat in the winter. And there, I repeat, you can eat as well as in any restaurant. 32, P: Numa farmécia! Meu Deus! Nao me faga rir. P: Ina pharmacy! For heaven’s sake! Don’t make me laugh! 33, J: Sim, numa farmécia. Mas 14 a farmécia néio tem ésse nome. Chama-se “drugstore.” J: Yes, in a pharmacy. But over there it’s not called a pharmacy; it’s called a “drugstore.” 34, P: Compreendo. E farmicia mas niio se chama farmacia. Entdo, se no se chama farmicia, nao é farmacia. P: I understand. It’s a pharmacy but they don’t call it a pharmacy. Then, if it’s not called a phar- macy, it's not a pharmacy. 35, J: Pois bem, numa “drugstore” vendem selos, cartées (bilhetes) postais, charutos, cigarros, livros e outras J: Well, in a drugstore they sell stamps, postcards, cigars, cigarettes, electrical appliances, toys, books, and other odds and ends. 36. P: EntSo é um bazar. P: Then it’s a bazaar! Veléctricos ®. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 193 37. Nao é; € uma “drugstore.” : No it’s not; it’s still a “drugstore.” 38. P: Maravilhas dos Estados Unidos! P: The wonders of America! NOTES “Look. I am going to introduce you to my wife.” “T will (shall) have much pleasure in knowing her.” “Mary, I present to you my old friend, John Guimaraes.” 10. “I have much pleasure in knowing you, madam.” Conhecé-la is the infinitive conhecer “to know” and the object a “you” (fem.) (see item 2 of sec- tion 20 of grammar summary). 11. “The pleasure is (all) mine.” 15. “You don’t know how much pleasure I have in seeing you again.” Vé-lo is the infinitive ver “to see” and the object 0 “you” (masc.). 16. “I also.” 17. Esté sempre jovem. “You are always young.” Ser jovem means to be young; estar jovem here means ‘to look young. 19. “She is already accustomed.” 20. “I heard say that life in New York is very differ- ent from life in Rio de Janeiro.” Muita coisa is a singular form used here in the sense of a plural; the plural form muitas coisas can also be used. 23. Ndo é verdade? means “Isn’t it the truth,” but the translation will vary according to the nature of the question; here it is given as “would you?” 26. “It is not a joke. I am speaking seriously.” ex 2° 21.194 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 27. “Please, Don’t joke.” 28. “But as you know, here in a pharmacy they only fill medical prescriptions and sell medicines,” 29. Servem they serve. 30. “And one eats his meals with everything smell- ing of medicine?” 31, Nada disso “nothing of that.” Com aquecimento “with heat.” 32. Deus is “God,” but such expressions as Meu Deus are translated “For heaven’s (goodness’) sake,” ete. 33. Nao tem ésse nome. “(It) doesn’t have that name.” 37. “It’s not; it’s a ‘drugstore.’” QUIZ 37 1. (where) estd 0 senhor Guimaraes? @. como 6. onde ¢. entrar 2. E aguéle senhor que acaba de __ (arrive). a. chegar 6. jantar ¢. lado 3. Vou apresentd-to a minha (wife), a. cidade 8. sala c. espésa 4. Terei muito prazer em ___ (to know her). @. espésa b. vé-lo ©. conhecé-la CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 195 5. Apresento-lhe {apresento-te) 9 meu velho ___ (friend) Jodo. @. prazer b. também ¢. amigo 6. A senhora ___ (know) que somos velhos amigos. @, conhecer b. sabe ¢. dizer 7. Eu _ (know). @. sei b. vejo . tenho 8. Vocé ndo ___ (changed) nada. a. acostumada 6. mudouw ¢. tomar 9. Voce estd sempre ___ (young). @. jovem >. nada ¢. brincadeira 10. A ___. (life) em Nova lorque & muito diferente. a. coisa b. vida c. rua 1, Hd muita ___ (thing) 14 bem diferente. a. vida b. receita ¢. coisaCONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 197 196 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 12. Aqui ___ (they sell) remédios. 19. Néo me faga — (laugh). a. servem a. mas b, vendem b. rir ¢. jantar ¢. jantar 13. Servem ___ (good) refeigées. 20. Numa “drugstore” vendem —_ (books). a. boas a. brinquedos b. distinta b. livros ¢. receitas c. refrescos 14. Sdo estabelecimentos __ (large). ANSWERS a. jovem 6. grandes b; 2a; 305405505 6b; 7a; 8b; 9a; 10d; ¢. charutos 1c; 12b; 13a; 14; 15 b; 16a; 17b5 18; 195 45. Com ar condicionado no ___ (summer). 20%. @. sempre . b. verdo 70. THE COMMONEST VERBS AND THEIR ¢. nada COMMONEST FORMS 16. Com aquecimento no (winter). 1. Fazer “to do,” “make a. inverno PRESENT PAST FUTURE b. sorvete 1 faco fiz farei ¢. como You (sing.) (fazes) ffizeste) —(fards) He, she, it faz fez fara 17, ___ (it’s called) “drugstore.” @. acostumada We Sazemos fizemos faremos b. chama-se P You (pl.) fazeis) —fizestes)_—_(fareis) ¢. jantar They fazem fizeram —— farao 18. A farmdcia ndo tem ésse ___ (name). IMPERATIVE a. refrescos Familiar: Polite: b. tomar (Faze!) sing. Faca! sing. c. nome (Fazei!) pl. Facam! pl. fez ®.198 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 199 Bu mesmo 0 fi. T made (did) it myself. 3. Ir “to go" toromessag nome PRESENT FAST FUTURE Ele de al; . : fe I vou fui iret la 0 faz de algodao, She is making it (out) of You (sing,) (vais) ifastey (rds) Faca 0 mais cedo Do (it) as soon as He, she, it vai Soi ira possivel. possible. We vamos fomos—_iremos 2. Haver “to have" (auxiliary verb, usually You (pl.) fides) (ostes)’ ——_(ireis) replaced by ter today) They vao foram irao PRESENT PAST FUTURE IMPERATIVE I hei howe haverei Famili Polit You (sing.) (has) thouveste) (haverds) Wai!) sing. Va! sing. He, she, it hd hove haverd de!) pi. Vao! pl. We havemos You (pl.) —(haveis) They hao houvemos —haveremos (houvestes} (havereis) houveram —haverdo IMPERATIVE Fami Polite: (Ha!) sing. Hoja! sing. (Havei!) pl. Hajam! pi. Hei {tenho} colocado I have put (been putting) tudo no seu lugar. everything in its place. Nao hd estrélas* no céu. There are no stars in the sky. Elas ndo haviam They (fem.) had not favorecido isso. favored that. Nao houve guerra nesse There was no war that ano. year. testrelas ®. Vou ao Brasil no varao. 1 am going to Brazil in the summer. Ele vai sdzinho. He’s going by himself. Eu vou jogar ténis* I'm going to play tennis amanha, tomorrow. (This contruction is often used to express future actions.) Ele foi vé-la. He went to see her. Vamos! Let’s go! Vé com ela. Go with her. 4. Vir “to come” PRESENT PAST FUTURE I venho vim virei You (sing.) (vens) (vieste)—(virtis) He, she, it vem veio vird 1 No accent mark in Portugal.200 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 201 We vimos viemos viremos Fle ndo cré em nada. He doesn’t believe in You (pl.) — (vindes) Niestes) (ireis) anything. They vem vieram 6. Dar “to give” a: IMPERATIVE | PRESENT PAST FUTURE Familiar Polite: 1 dou dei darei (Ver!) sing. Venha! sing. You (sing.) (dds) (deste) (dards) (inde!) pl Venham! pl. He. shee it dé ‘dew dard Vem comigo? Are you coming with We damos demos daremos me’ You (pl) (d idestes) _(dareis) Ninguém vei. Nobody came he (ais) ese) ree les vém todos os dias. They come every day. Ela vir ds duas horas. She will come at two IMPERATIVE . orclock: Familiar: Polite: Venkam comigo. Come with me. (Dé!) sing. Dé! sing. il) pl. Déem! pl. 5. Crer “to believe™ ai) pl ome PRESENT PAST FUTURE Ele me deu essa He gave me that lamp. I creio cri crerei lampada. You (sing.) (crés) (créstey’ —_(creras) Quando vocé vai me dar When are you going to He, she, it cré creu creré resposta? give me an answer? Dé-the o titulo. Give him the title. We cremos ——cremos —_creremos You (pl.) (credes)—_(créstes'—_-(crereis) 7. Ter “to have They créem creram ——crerav PRESENT PAST FUTURE I tenho tive tere’ IMPERATIVE You (sing.) (tens) (tiveste) —_(terds) niliar: Polite: He, she, it rem leve tera (Cré!) sing. Creia! sing. (Crede!) pl. Creiam! pl. We “temos tivemos _teremos You (pl.) (tendes) —_—ttivestes)_—_(tereis) They rem tiveram ——terdo 1 No accent mark in Portugal.202 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE jm CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 203 IMPERATIVE Que dird ela amanha? What willl she say Familiar: Polite: tomorrow? I wonder (Tem!) sing. Tenha! sing. what she will say Tende!) pl. Tenham! pl. tomorrow. Ela tem muitos vestidos She has many new novos. dresses. Alguém tem que Somebody has to representar a escola. fepresent the school. Tiveram outra crise. They had another crisis. Tenha cuidado! Be careful! 8.Dizer “to say” PRESENT —- PAST. FUTURE 1 digo disse direi ‘You (sing.) (dizes} (dissesste) (dirds) He, she, it diz disse dird We dizemos dissemos diremos You (pl.}— fdizeis) (dissestes) (direis) They dizem disseram — dirdo IMPERATIVE Familiar: Polite: (Dize!) sing. Diga! sing. {Dizei!) pl Digam! pl. Dizem que éle tem They say he has many muitas dividas. debts. Ela disse que tinha She said she had certain certas dividas. doubts. Diga-me a verdade. Tell me the truth. 9. Pér “to put’ PRESENT PAST FUTURE I ponho pus porei You (sing.) (pdes) (puseste) —_(pords) He, she, it’ pée pos pord We pomos pusemos _ poremos You (pl.) (pondes) —(pusestes)__(poreis) They poem puseram — pordo IMPERATIVE Familiar: Polite: (Pée!) sing. Ponha! sing. (Ponde!) pi. Ponham! pl. Onde 0 senhor pos'as Where did you put the instrucées? instructions? Ponha a lenha aqui. Put the wood here. Vamos por as revistas We are going to put the na mesa. magazines on the table. Ele nao poré nada na He will not put anything cadeira. on the chair.204 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 10. Querer “to wish,” “to want" PRESENT PAST FUTURE I quero quis quererei You (sing.) (queres) {quiseste) _(quererds) He, she, it quer quis quereré We queremos — quisemos —_ quereremos You (pl.) (quereis) — (quisestes) (querereis) They querem quiseram — quererao IMPERATIVE. Familiar: Polite: (Quer! Quere!) (Quiera!) sing. sing. (Querei!) pl. Queiram! pl. Quero permanecer aqui, Nao quiseram perdoar-nos. 1 want to stay here. ‘They wouldn't (didn't want to) pardon us, 1. Trazer “to bring” PRESENT PAST FUTURE I trago trouxe! trarei You (sing.) (trazes) ftrouxeste) — (trards) He, she, it sraz trouxe wrara We frazemos — trouxemos _traremos You (pl.) — (trazeis) —_(trouxestes) (trareis) They trazem trouxeram — traréo ‘In these forms x is pronounced like s in see, CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 205 IMPERATIVE Familiar: Que histéria triste nos traz hoje? Ele viajou por Portugal mas ndo me trouxe nada, Traga para ca! Polite: Traga! sing. Tragam! pl What sad story are you bringing us today? - He traveled through Portugal but he didn’t bring me anything. Bring it here! 12. Sair “to leave” PRESENT PAST. FUTURE 1 saio sai sairei You (sing.) (sais) (saiste) (sairds) He, she, it sai saiu saird We saimos saimos Sairemos You (pl.) (sats) (safstes) {sairets) They saem satram sairao IMPERATIVE Familiar: Polite: | (Sai!) sing. Saia! sing. (Sai!) pl. Saiam! pl. Saio agora. I'm leaving now. Ela saiu por aqui. She went out this way.206 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 13, Ver “to see” PRESENT PAST. FUTURE 1 vejo vi verei You (sing.) (vés) triste) (verds) He, she, it vé vias verd We vemos vimos veremos You (pl.) (védes)'——(vistes).—_(vereis} They véem viram verdo IMPERATIVE Familiar: Polite: (Ve!) sing. Veja! sing. (Véde!)' pl. Vejam! pl. Ele ndo vé bem semos He can’t sce well éculos. without his glasses. Mas eu os vi ontem! But I saw them yesterday! O senhor verd que 0 que You'll see that what I digo € verdade. say is true. 14. Saber “to know” PRESENT PAST FUTURE I sei soube saberei You (sing.) (sabes) (soubeste)_(saberdis) He, she, it sabe soube saberé We sabemos soubemos _saberemos You (pl.) (sabeis) __(soubestes)_(sabereis) They sabem — souberam —_saberdo 'Wede. vedes ®. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 207 IMPERATIVE Familiar: Polite: (abel) sing. Saiba! sing. Gabei!) pl. Saibam! pl. Sei que a vida ld std —_I know that living there cara. is expensive. Eu soube o segrédo' I found out (learned) the ontem. secret yesterday. Os senhores saberao 0 You will know (find out) valor mais tarde. its value later. 15. Poder “to be able” PRESENT PAST FUTURE I posso pude poderei ‘You (sing.) (podes) (pudeste) —_(poderas) He, she, it pode pode poder We podemos — pudemos —_ paderemos You (pl.) (podeis) —(pudestes)_(podereis) They podem puderam — poderia IMPERATIVE Familiar: Polite: (Pode!) sing. Possa! sing. (Podei!) pl. Possam! pl. Nao pode chover mais. {t can’t rain any more. Poderei escother 0 Will [ be able to pick melhor? the best one? Can I connect it (tum it on) now? Posso ligar agora? ‘ segredo ®.208 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE LESSON 39 71. WHAT'S IN A NAME? ene. (Phat's In A Name?) Como se chama éle? What's his name? Ele se chama (chama-se) Joao Coutinho. His name is Joao (John) Coutinho. Como se chama a jovem que est com éle? What's the name of the young lady with him? Ela se chama Maria Campos. (Chama-se Maria Campos.) Her name is Maria (Mary) Campos. ‘Como se chama o pai dela? What's her father’s name? pai dela se chanta (chama-se) Carlos Campos. His name is Carlos (Charles) Campos. Mas eu 0 conheso (conhego-o)! Ele é juiz, niio é? Why, I know him! He’s a judge, isn’t he? E. E voce conhece a sua senhora (a senhora), Dona Ana? That's right. Do you know his wife, Dona Ana? Nao conhego, mas (0) Joio Campos deve ser irmao dessa jovem. I don’t know her, but Joao John) Campos must be that girl’s brother. Vocé esta certo, (Tem raziio.) Todos nés Ihe CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 209 chamamos Joiozinho. E ela tem outro irmio, Chico. That’s right. We all call him Jo&ozinho (Johnny). And she has another brother, Chico. Ab, sim! Francisco. Of course! Francisco (Francis). Mas mais interessante ainda é que (a) Maria tem duas irmis, uma mais velha e a outra mais nova, e ambas siio bonitas. But even more interesting is the fact that Maria has two sisters, one older and one younger than she is, and both of them are pretty. Nao me diga! Como se chamam? You don’t say! What are their names? A mais velha é Isabel Gomes, quer dizer, é casada. Casou com o General Gomes do exército. The older one is Isabel Gomes, that is, she is married. She married General Gomes of the army. General Eduardo Gomes? General Eduardo (Edward) Gomes? Esse mesmo. That's right. E meu tio. E a irmi mais nova? He’s my uncle. How about the younger sister? (A) Teresinha? £ uma beleza. Theresa (‘little Theresa”)? She’s a beauty. Diga-me mais. Tell me more.210 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 21 LESSON 40 72. PORTUGUESE IN A LIGHTER VEIN (Portuguese In A Lighter Vein) Tem onze anos. E ,.. She’s eleven years old. And... Chega. Vamos tomar um cafézinho. That’s enough. Let’s go get some coffee. NOTES Chamar-se is a reflexive verb, literally “to call one- self.” UMA PERDA DE POUCA IMPORTANCIA A Minor Loss —Tenha a bondade de me dar (dar-me) “A Liber- eu me chamo nes nos chamamos ” Nio tenho tréco.! Pode trocar esta nota? (tu te chamas) (vés vos chamais) adi: éle se chama éles se chamam —O senhor me paga (O seohor paga) amanha—diz a vendedora. —E se cu morrer esta noite? —Ora! A perda nio seria grande. “Please give me a copy of Liberty. | haven't any change. Can you change this bill?” “You can pay me tomorrow,” says the vendor. “What if I should die tonight?” “Oh, it wouldn’t be a great loss.” See Lesson 15, part 10, and item 6 of section 19 of grammar summary. Dona and the first name are often used to refer toa married woman. Thus, @ senhora Campos, Mrs. Campos, would often be referred to by those who know her as Dona Ana, (In Portugal, a Sra. D. Ana is used.) Dona can also be used with unmarried and even young ladies. Jovem refers to a young person, masculine or femi- nine; modifying words will make the reference clearer: irmdo dessa jovem brother of that young girl; irmdo désse jovem brother of that young man. Vocé estd certo. You ace right. UMA LICAO DE ETIQUETA A Lesson in Etiquette Pedro e Jofo vio a um restaurante para jantar. Ambos pedem um bife. O garcom @) (empregado (D) 08 serve (serve-thos). Quando Pedro tira para si o Tem razdo. You are tight. maior bife (bife maior), Joo, zangado, lhe diz (diz-Ihe): Nao me diga! (“Don’t tell me!”) You don’t say! Esse mesmo the same one Ea irmd mais nova? And the younger sister? ‘Notice how Portuguese punctuation in dialogues differs from English: (1) There are no quotation marks and (2) each change of speaker is indicated by a dash (see item I of section 4 of grammar summary).212 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Que maneiras (que) vocé tem! Foi o primeiro a se servir (servir-se) e tirou o maior. Pedro responde: —Se vocé estivesse em (no) meu lugar, qual tirade? —O menor (mais pequeno), naturalmente. —Entio, por que se queixa? Nifo o tem al? Peter and John go to a restaurant for dinner. both order steak. The waiter serves them. When. grabs the bigger steak, John says to him angrily: “What bad manners you have! You helped you! first and you took the bigger piece.” Peter answers: “Ifyou had been in my place, which would you have! taken?” “The smaller one, of course.” “Then what are you complaining about? You have it, don’t you?” NOTES Perda loss. De pouca importancia of little importance. Tenha a bondade. Please. (“Have the kindness.” ) O senhor (me) paga amanhd. “You pay (me) tomor- row.” E se eu morrer esta noite? And if { die tonight? Morrer is a form of the future subjunctive (see items 1 and 5 of section 31 of grammar summary). A perda ndo seria grande. The loss would not be great. Seria is the conditional of the verb ser (see sec- tion 33 of grammar summary). Jantar to have dinner; dinner. Pedem they ask for; from pedir to ask for. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 213 Foi o primeiro a se servir (servir-se) “You were the first in serving himself.” Se vocé estivesse em (no) meu lugar, qual teria tirado? “If you had been in my place, which would you have taken?” Estivesse is the imperfect subjunctive of estar to be (see item 1, section 31 of grammar summary, and item 3, section 34 of grammar summary). Terra tirado is the perfect conditional of tirar to take (see item 3, section 33 of the grammar summary). Entao, por que se queixa? Nao o tem ai? Then, why do you complain? Don’t you have it there? UM OTIMISTA! An Optimist © chefe duma firma comercial importante, olhando (para) uma formula de pedido de emprégo, fica sur- préso (surpreendido) ao notar que o candidato a0 cargo que (a0 notar que © candidato), carecia de ex- periéncia, pede (e pedia) um ordenado excessive. —Niio acha—perguntou perplexo,—que est pedindo (esth a pedir um) excessive ordenado em vista da sua pouca experiéncia? —Pelo contririo—respondeu 0 pretendente,—um trabalho do qual nio se sabe absolutamente nada & mais dificil e deve merecer um pagamento melhor. ‘The head of an important firm, Jooking at an appli- cation, is astonished on noticing that the applicant for the position, although lacking experience, is asking for an excessive salary. + optimista ®. 2emprego ©).214 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE Rather puzzled, he asks him: “Don’t you think you're asking for too high a salary, considering the Tittle experience you have?” “On the contrary,” replies the applicant. “Work which one knows nothing about is more difficult and should be better paid.” NOTES Olhando looking; from othar to look. Fica surpréso (surpreendido) is (“remains”) surprised, astonished. Ndo acha? Don’t you think? Achar to find, also has taken on the meaning of to believe, to think. Respondeu and perguntou are past tense forms of res- ponder and perguntar. O ESPIRITO PRATICO The Practical Mind Um comerciante apareceu um dia na casa dum fazendeiro (lavrador) e pediu um quilo de manteiga, O fazendeiro (lavrador) respondeu que trocaria ésse quilo de manteiga por um par de meias de la. Quando o comerciante contou o fato! 4 mulher (a sua esposa), ela propés o seguinte: —Temos uma colcha de la; eu a desfago (desfaco-a) e dela farei um par de meias. Assim féz, e 0 comerciante deu o par de meias e recebeu um quilo de manteiga. Desde entiio, quando 0 comerciante precisava de manteiga, (a) sua mulher desfazia um pouco da colcha e tricotava umas meias. ‘facto B. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 215 Mas chegou um dia em que sé tinha Id para uma énica meia. © comerciante a levou (levou-a) ao fazendeiro yrador), pedindo meio quilo de manteiga. —Nao—respondeu 0 fazendeiro (lavrador)—, dou- The um quilo. (A) minha mulher desfaz as meias para ma colcha que esti fazendo (a fazer). Sé6 precisa fdesta meia para acabé-la. A merchant went to the house of a farmer and asked him for a kilogram of butter. The farmer answered that he would exchange it for a pair of woolen socks. When the merchant told his wife about it, she pro- posed: “We have a woolen quilt; I'll unravel it and I'l make a pair of socks.” She did so and the merchant gave the pair of socks in exchange for the kilogram of butter. From then on, when the merchant needed butter, his wife unraveled some of the quilt and knitted some socks. But one day she had just enough wool for one sock. The merchant took it to the farmer and asked him for half a kilogram of butter. “No,” said the farmer, “I'll give you a kilogram. My wife unravels the socks for a quilt she is making. All she needs is ttiis one sock to finish it.” NOTES O espirito the spirit, mind. Trocaria he would exchange; from trocar to exchange, change. Propés she proposed; from propor to propose, suggest. Desfago Vl) unravel; from desfazer to unravel, undo. Farei Yl make; from fazer to make, to do.216 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE | CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 217 Levou he took; from levar to take (away, along). Vestidrio Check Room Um pouco de a little of. Cambio (Money) Exchange Tinha she had; from ter to have. Informacbes Information Pedindo asking; from pedir to ask (for). Sala de espera Waiting Room Dou I'll give; from dar to give. E proibido debrugar-se Don’t Lean Out (of the Acabd-ta to finish it; a combination of acabar to finish, window) and a it, referring to the quilt. Vagao Freight Car Ferrovia Railroad Expresso or Rdpido Express Parada (Paragem (B) —_Stop (bus, streetcar, etc.) 73, IMPORTANT SIGNS E proibido colocar Post No Bills or pregar or afixar Homent or Men (x=ks) cantazes avalheiros Em consérto! Under Repair Senhoras or Damas Women Caixa (rsh) Cashier Sse Lavatory Entrada Entrance Fechado Closed ‘Saide Exit Aberto Open jados_ Furnished Rooms E proibido fumar No Smoking Ova) " E proibido entrar No Admittance Apartamentos Apartments Bata , Knock Tinta fresca Wet Paint Toque a campainha Ring Enoruzithada Crossroads Alsat Stop! Agougue Butcher Shop Curva Curve Padaria Bakery Pare! Stop! ‘Letteria Dairy Siga! Go! javari Tailor’s Sho Cuidado?! Atengdo? ‘Look Out! Attention! eae Shoe Store Perigo! Dangers Barbearia Barbershop Devagar! Slow! Empério ®, Mercearia Grocery Store Desvio Detour Farmécia Pharmacy Coutela! rena os Confeitaria Confectionery Conserve asua direita, Keep to the Right. Papelaria Stationery Store Siga pela direita Keep to the Right Ponte Bridge — E proibido estacionar No Parking ‘conserto ®.218 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE | CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 219 Caixa postal Letter Box FINAL QUIZ Café ¢ Bar Tavern, Bar When you get 100% on this Quiz you can consider that Delegacia de policia Police Station you have mastered the on ins . Pésto policial Police Station (esquadra ®) . Vinhos Wines 1. Faga o favor de ____ (tell me) onde é a estado. Pésto' de gasolina Gas Station a, diga-me Livraria Bookstore b. me dizer (dizer-me) Prefeitura(Camara City Hall ¢. me trazer (trazer-me) Municipal ©) iser (diver-me) onde é (Agua) Fria Cold (water) - —— (ea) 0 senhor me dizer (dizer-me) onde é 0 (Agua) Quente Hot (water) i a. pode b. tem quiz 38 6. ewig , 1. Entrada 1. No Smoking 3. Onde __ (is there) um bom restaurante? 2. Desvio 2. Express a. faz 3. Devagar! 3. No Parking b hd 4, Fechado 4. Open ¢. hoje 5. Aberto 5. Exit 4, —_ (bring me) um pouco de pao. 6. Eproibidefumar 6. Stop! conhecdla 7. Expresso 7. Detour D. servilo 8 E proibido estacionar 8, Entrance ©. traga-me 9. Saida 9. Closed . 10. Pare! 10. Slow! 5. __ (I need) presunto. a. preciso de ANSWERS b. tem 1-8; 2—7; 3-10; 4-9; 5—4; 6-1; 72; 8-3; ¢. ninguém 9-5; 10-6. 6. ___(I would like) um pouco mais de carne, a. traga-me b. preciso de * Posto ®. c. gostaria de220 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 7. Vou __ (to introduce you) a meu amigo. a. apresenta-lo b. oprazer ¢. velo 8 Onde ____ (is) 0 livro? a. esté b. és c. éste © Tenha ___ (the goodness) de falar mais devagar. a. a bondade b. 0 favor ©. 0 prazer 10. ___ (we speak) portugues, a. falam 6. ficamos . falamos I. _ (Go) la. a. vd b. fale c. venho 12, ___ (Come) ed, @. venha b. comigo €. vamos 13. Como se ___. (call) 0 senhor? @. charuto b. chama c. chover CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 221 14, Que dia da... (week) é hoje? a. semana 5. més ¢. ano 15. Que ___ (time) sdo? @. horas b. agora ¢. tempo 16. Néo ___ (I have) cigarros. a. tempo 5. tenho c. ter 17. O senhor ___. (don’t want) carne? a, ndo fica b. ndo compra ¢. ndo quer 18, ___ (Please) de escrever 0 nome aqui. @, comprar b. fasga o favor ©. por certo 19, ___ (There were) muitos livros na livraria, a. hd 6. havia ec. ld 20, _.. (1 prefer) esta. a. prefiro b. prefere c. prefira222 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 223 21. Vamos —_ (to have dinner). SUMMARY OF 4. jantar PORTUGUESE GRAMMAR . almogar ¢. mostrar 1. THE ALPHABET 22, Séo — (2:15). a. duas e meia ter Name Letter Name Letter Name 6. duas e quinze a i i r ere ¢. duas e cinco bé i jota 8 esse cé 1 ele t é 23. Venha (tomorrow morning). dé = eme ow u a. ontem pela manha é RB ene v ve b. amanhd pela manha efe ° rf x xis ¢. amanhd ao meio-dia ge Pp pé Zz ze 24, Em que — (can I) servi-lo? aga a qué a. pode b. chamo c. posso 2. PRONUNCIATION 25. Ndo —__ (has) importdncia. SIMPLE VOWELS! a. tenha + Si ae js hb tem a (1) in a stressed position it is “open” as in ah or - e houve father. (2) in unstressed positions and in the case of the article a and its plural as (“the”) it tends to be more “closed” like the final a in America (this is particularly true in Portugal and in general with unstressed final a). € (1) “open” as in best; ¢ has this sound. (2) “closed” somewhat between the sound of a in case and e in fez; & has this sound; so does nasal e. ANSWERS 1b; 2a;3b;4¢;5a; 6c; 7a; 8a;9a; lOc; lla; 12a; 13b5 4a; 15a; 16b.; 170; 18b.; 19d; 20 a.; 21 a.; 22 b.; 23 b.; 24.¢,; 25 b. 1 Also see Lessons | and 3 of Conversation Manual.224 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 225 3) variations occur in different areas: 6 similar sound with open e.1 a. in a final unstressed position: in Brazil it ff en ey of shey plus uof lute varies between the sound of i in did and éu similar but with open e. the 7 in machine; in Portugal it is often : clipped sharply, being like a mute e, orf) #® =—-Yain yard. it is dropped. i€ — yeinyes. b. stressed ¢ before j, ch, Ih, mh, in Portugal | ie similar but with close e. can have the sound of final a in Americ i or of closed e. SB io yoinyoke ¢. in an unstressed position it is sometimes iu eplus w of lute. Pronounced as ¢ in de, in parts of Brazil, oi oy in boy. as mute ¢ in Portugal, or as i in did inf 6i_ similar but with open. both. ou owin soul Fas fin machine. ua wah, as ua in quadrangle. © (1) “open” as o in off: 6 has this sound. ue is wet 2) “closed” as in rase; 6 has this sound and so wei wee . does nasal o. ui _we (if main stress is on u, however, like u of 3) in an unstressed position and in the case of Jute plus ¢). the definite article o, 05 (“the”) it is also pro- wo woin woe, or as ud. nounced like o9 in boot; this is heard quite regularly in Portugal, but less consistently in CONSONANTS? Brazil. A . Those consonants not mentioned are approxi- Uw approximates wu in rule. mately like English. © before a, 0, and u, and before another con- sonant like c in cut. c before e and i like c in center. ch this combination as ch in machine. VOWEL COMBINATIONS! ai ai in aisle. au owin out. ei a in they. ' The sound indicated in 4 may also be given in the case —— of ei in some cases. This is also true of other members of the pairs given, . *Also see Lesson 4, 2 Also see Lessons 1, 2, 3.226 —-“ re 0 "226 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE as d in dog; it is pronounced forcefully in Rio de Janeiro and with some speakers (espe- cially before e or ) it approximates the j in Just. before e and i is somewhat like s in measure, otherwise like g in go. is not pronounced. is like g before e and i (see above), is formed with the tongue forward, the tip near the upper teeth. in finat position is quite soft. this combination is like Mi in million, in initial position in a word or syllable is like English m; in final position in a syliable or word it tends to nasalize the Preceding vowel; this nasal quality is especially strong in Bra. zil, but it may be slight or even absent in Continental Portuguese. (Lips should not be closed in pronouncing m at the end of a word.)! i ial position is like English n; in final Position as for m, above.! as niin onion. before a or ois like qu in quota. before ¢ or i is usually like k. is pronounced by tapping the tip of the tongue against the gum ridge back of the upper teeth; initial r and rr are trilled with the tongue vibrating in this position; this 1 Also see Lesson 4. CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 227 pronunciation is heard in Portugal and in Sao Paulo. In Rio de Janeiro and in some other parts of Brazil r is pronounced back in the mouth (similar to a French back r). between vowels is z, as s in rose. before a voiced consonant (a consonant sound produced with a vibration of the cords, as b, d, ge, gi,.j, | m, n, r, v, 2) tends to be as z in azure. before a voiceless consonant (a consonant sound produced without a vibration of the vocal cords, as hard c and hard g, f, p, qu, 1), and final s are pronounced as s in see in Sao Paulo and by some cariocas, and as sh in shine in Portugal and by some cariocas. in initial position, or after a consonant, as sin see. as ss in passage. is much like English f; before ¢ or jit is pro- nounced very forcefully by some cariocas, being palatalized and approximating the ch in church. like z in some words: exame; like sh in some words: caixa; like 5 in see in some words: méximo; like x in wax in some words: tdxi. is generally like z in zeal; however, in final position or before a voiceless consonant s is also heard in Brazil, sh is the common pro- nunciation in Portugal and is also used by some cariocas; before a voiced consonant it is like z in azure in Portugal and with some cariocas.