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    LMTD Graphs and solutions and ch2 probe

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    17 views20 pages

    Me750e Ch2 Probs

    Uploaded by

    Taben Azad
    LMTD Graphs and solutions and ch2 probe

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Problem 2.12 'A shell-and-tube heat exchanger given in Problem 2.11 is used to heat 62,000 kg /hr of water from 20°C to about SO°C. Hot water at 100°C is available. Determine how the heat transfer rate and the ‘water outlet temperature vary with the hot water mass flow rate. Calculate the heat transfer rates ‘and the outlet temperatures for hot water flow rates: a. 80,000 kg/hr 40,000 kg/hr GIVEN: -A shell-and-tube heat exchanger having two shell passes and eight tube passes. Cold water inlet temperature (Tes) = 20°C “Cold water outlet temperature (T.2) = 50°C Cold water mass flow rate (ty, 52,000 kg/hr = 17.222 ke/s -Hot Water inlet temperature (Ty) = 100°C Total surface area (A) = 925m? FIND: Heat transfer rates (Q) and outlet temperature of hot water (Tj) for mass flow rate of a. 80,000 kg/hr 40,000 kg/hr SOLUTION ‘The heat balance equation: = thgepe(Ter ~ Ta) = tye ya(Tha — Ty Cpe = 4.179 KUMkg.K) (T= 35°C) cpp =4.22 KlM(keK) (T= 100°C) a. th, = 80,000 kg/hr Q= ngepe (Te Ty) —17.22054.179 (50-20) = 2159.12 kW Tyg *Ta a Ta) re 62000, 4.179 : ~ 199 -$2000%4.179 59.7698 °C $0000%4.22 40,000 kg/hr yall ~Ty) 17222 4.179% (50-20) ~2159.12 KW (fa Tad 62000 4.179 = 100. 10000% 4.3 x30=53.95 °C Problem 2.13, ‘Water at a flow rate of 5,000 kg/hr (¢5=4182 J/kg. K) is heated from 10°C to 35°C in an oil cooler by ‘engine oil having an inlet temperature of 65°C {cj= 2072 1/kg.K) with a flow rate of 6,000 kg/hr. Take the overall heat transfer coefficient to be 3,500 W/m?.K. What are the areas required for: a. Parallel flow Db. — Counterflow GIVEN: “Cold water inlet temperature (T.) = 10°C -Cold water outlet temperature (Tz2) = 35°C Cold water mass flow rate (1, ) = 5,000 kg/hr = 1.389 ke/s -Hot Water inlet temperature (Tha) = 65°C Hot water mass flow rate (it) = 6,000 kg/hr = 1.667 ke/s Overall heat coefficient (U) = 3,500 W/mK “Specific heat of cold water (¢y.) = 4182 I/kg.K -Specific heat of hot water (cn) = 2072 J/kg K IND: Heat transfer area (A) required for: a. parallel flow; b. counter flow. SOLUTION ‘The heat balance equation; Q= they e(Ta — Te) = ttt ga(Ba Ty) 9, 36 Q= tinyey (Tho —Ta) = 51060 (616~282) =1063 w Ta Ty +E pT) 216 a 67°C (= 999) a0 cy a. Parallel flow: ‘The parallel flow is not an acceptable solution, because ofthe temperatures cross, Impossible case ee ae nec b. counter flow: Q__ 14520810" UW-ATina 3300x203 Problem 2.15 {AShell-and-tube heat exchanger is designed to heat water from 40°C to 60°C having a mass flow rate of 20,000 kg/h. Water at 180°C flows through tubes with amass flow rate of 10,000 ke/h. The tubes have an inner diameter of d.= 20 mm, the Renolds number is Re =10,000. The overall heat transfer coefficient is estimated to be U = 450 W/m* 2. Calculated the heat transfer Q of the heat exchanger and the exit temperature of the hot fluid. b. Ifthe heat exchanger is counterflow with one tube and one shell pass; determine: |. The heat transfer area; ji, The velocity of the fluid through the tubes; Ti The cross-sectional area of the tubes; Iv. The number of the tubes and the length of the heat exchanger. GIVEN “A shell-and-tube heat exchanger (counterflow, one tube and one shell pass) Cold water inlet temperature (Ta) = 40°C -Hot water outlet temperature (Tea) = 60°C -Mass flow rate of cold water (rh,) = 20,000 kg/h. Hot water inlet temperature (Th) = 180°C -Mass flow rate of hot water (1, } = 10,000 kg/h, -Renolds number (Re) = 10,000 “Tube diameter (d)) = 20 mm -Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) = 450 W/m?.K FIND ‘a, The heat transfer Q and the exit temperature of the hot fluid The i. Heat transfer area A, i, Fluid velocity in tubes up, ii, Cross-sectional area of tubes A iv. Number of tubes Ny Coldwater bulk mean temperature Tyee te 148 sre Gye = 4.181 kIMKgK) at Ty,.=50°C and py = 4.407 KIM(ke.K) at Ty= 180°C So, from heat balance: > tine po Cha —Ta) = yep CTs Tha) 20,000 ss ggg (Teg Toy) 008 4181 (6040) = 468,556 W Q=thep(Ta “Ta = BN (60-40) = 4645 @ 464,556 . Ty = Ty 2180-48855 __anosec Spe 10,000 , 4a07 3600 QeU-at,-A aso ee srye100-connere a sy=147.05-40-102.05%¢ sete AL, -AT, _ 120-1024 (ar, ) a “cas Q 464,556 WaT, 450x11078 =110.78°C =9319 m? A Bulk mean temperature of hot fluid Tut Tha _ 180414205, 2 2 =16°C From Table A-27: areas at Ty 161°C. = 1.680410" Pa-s Pld ¥ Rep _ 10,000x16804%10~ Ped, "90623 « 002 Re! =0.0027 mis ii Ay 9319 SOLUTION 2 (USING ¢-NTU METHOD) a ‘The heat capacities for the two fluids are: . Cold fluid C= they, = 200° 4181 = 23208 WK 6 "3600 Hot fluid: Dy = tye, 4407 = 12242. W/K © = tgp =O a0? ‘The heat transfer rate with respect to the cold fluid is: 20,000 5 er 000, 4181 (60-40) = 464,586 W Qt, (a Ta) =p ALLOA) So, in terms of heat balance: Qe thy (TT) = tye (Tin Ta) =14205°C From previous calculation, we can conclude that Ca eG, and the effectiveness can be writien as Ty ~The _ 180-142.05 oon Tyo 180-40 The factor of non-equilibrium is: Coin = G5 12222 _ 9599 Cour Co 23228 From Table 2.2, we have: 1 jisc’e 1, -0527x0.271 Loe ime i057" 1-027 NTu=0342 NTU: “The heat transfer area is ‘a, = £nin NTO _ 122420342 u 450 From the imposed Renolds number: 9.304 m? eta 10,9005 16808 10% 90629002 0.0927 mis TThe cross-sectional area of the tubes is ty, = PA tiny 27718 Ply 90623% 0.0927 ‘The total number of tubes necessary fro assuring the required mass flow rate is: 0.0334 mx002? =0033 m* = 10504 ~ 106 ‘The length of the heat exchanger can be calculated as A, 93304 AUN, ~ 0.024106 4m Problem 2.16 ‘An oil cooler is used to cool lubricating oll from 70°C to 30°C. The cooling fluid is treated cooling water centering the exchanger at 15°C and leaving at 25°C. The specific heat capacities ofthe oll and water, respectively, are 2 and 4.2 ki/(kg.K) and the ol flow rate is 4kg/s. a. Calculate the water flow rate sit, required. b. Calculate the true mean temperature difference AT,, for a two-shell-pass-and-four- tube passes, and one-shell-pass-and-two-tube passes shell-and-tube heat exchanger and an unmixed cross-flow configuration, respectively. .Find the effectiveness of the heat exchangers. GIVEN “A shell-and-tube heat exchanger Cooling fluid inlet temperature (Tes) = 15°C Cooling fluid outlet temperature (Tea) = 25°C Lubricating oil inlet temperature (Thx) = 70°C Lubricating oil outlet terperature(Tho) = 30°C Mass flow rate of oil (si,) = 4 ke. ~The specific heat capacity of cooling water (cy) 2 ki/{ke.K) The specific heat capacity of oil (cpx) = 2 KI/{KE.K) FIND a. The water mass flow rate i b. AT, for i. two-shell-passes-and-four-tube passes ii one-shelk-pass-and-two-tube-passes, ill. unmixed cross-flow configuration Effectiveness of the heat exchangers. LUT ‘Heat balance equation: Q= ingey (Ter b Ty =F-ATinet i. Two-passes-shell-and-four-tube-passes: 0.96 (from Fig 2.8 in chapter 2) £ATy =F STigge = 096%273 = 2621 *C Ji, One-shell-pass-and-two-tube-passes: 90 {from Fig 2.7 in chapter 2) AT y = F-ATjaot =0.90%273= 2457 °C Ill, Unmixed cross flow .93 (from Fig 2.13 in chapter 2) AT, = F-ATjop =0.93%273= 2539 °C © Effectiveness of heat exchanger is equal to poe Qa yo = 7.624200 = 32004 W/K Cy, = tyegy =4«2000= 8000 WK, °, For all flow arrangements: C(I Ta) __C.(a Ta) Cann Fa) Colts =Ta) © Problem 2.17 For the oll cooler described in problem 2.16, calculate the surface area required for the shell-and-tube and unmixed cross-flow exchangers assuming the overall heat transfer coefficient U=90 W/(m?.K). For ‘the shell-and-tube exchanger, calculate the stream outlet temperature and compare it with the given values. ven -Ashell-and-tube heat exchanger -Cooling fluid inlet temperature (T.,) = 15°C Cooling fluid outlet temperature (T.2) = 25°C lubricating ol inlet temperature (Ti) = 70°C 0c -Lubricating oil outlet temperature(Ty “Mass flow rate of oll (1, ) = 4 kg/s. ~The specific heat capacity of cooling water (Co 2 ku/tkek) “The specific heat capacity of oil (cya) = 2 KI/(kg.K) -The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) = 90 W/(m*.K) FIND a. The surface area A for i. two-shell passes-and-four-tube-passes li, one-shell-pass-and-two-tube-passes |. unmixed cross-flow configuration b. Stream outlet temperature for shell-and-tube exchanger. SOLUTION: i. Two-passes-shell and four tube passes: 320,000 90x 26.21 ii. One shell pass and two tube passes: _ 320,000 90%24.57 3135.7 m? =1447 Ii Unmixed cross flow 320,000 =1400 m? 90x25.39 b AU _ 901447 Ca 4x 2000 Cain _ 8000) Crane 32008 $2 ey renee HeaNTO LECT Teepkntu-b+c%)) = 025 _ (nT) Guta) fa = Ta ~€(Tu Ta) 70-0.727 x (70-15) 0.02 ‘The value obtained correspond to the given value. Problem 2.18 Inan oil cooler, oil flow through the heat exchanger with a mass flow rate of & kg/s and inlet temperature of 70°C. Specific heat of oil is 2 ki/(kg.K). The cooling stream is treated cooling water that has specific heat capacity of 4.2 ki/kg-K, flow rate of 20 kg/s, and iniet temperature of 15°C. Assuming a total heat exchanger surface area of 150 m? and an overall heat transfer coefficient of 150 W/{m?.K), calculate the outlet temperature for two-pass shell-and tube and unmixed-unmixed cross flow units, respectively. Estimate the respective F-correction factor. GIVEN -Ashelland-tube heat exhanger -Cooling fluid inlet temperature (Tex) = 15°C Mass flow rate of water (xi, = 20ke/s. 0 let temperatre (Ti) = 70°C -Mass flow rate of oil (1i,) = 8 ke/s. “The specific heat capacity of cooling water (Gy) = 4.2 i/{ke-K) “The specific heat capacity of oll (Cyn) = 2 K/{ke.K) Total surface area of heat exchanger (A) = 150 m? Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) = 150 W/(m?.K) FIND The outlet temperture T.2, Tw for two-pass shell-and-tube and unmixed cross-flow units, respectively. SOLUTION: ©, = tie y, =15%1050 15750 W/K , =the, =5%2000= 10000 W/K. o=6, = 0.702 pets qvcry? HoweNTU ee") "] TmephNTu.(+e7)"] Also, = Lillin=Tn) __C2(Tg Ta) Gran(tn— Tea) Cri pa fiu-te) Gu Ta) and Ta =Ty a(t, -Ta) = 70-0:702(70-15) = 31.39 °C For outlet temperture of cooling water: 15.05 152185 wasis also thus, Guts) 7 steht, = 10-31.39 , aoe = =n35 °C ‘To determine the correction factor F, R and P need to be first determined. so, the correction factor for two-pass shell-and-tube is found to be (from Fig 2.8 in chapter 2): F+0.98, Ag =F Aine gy a= Tala —Ta) 4165-1699 99 99 4g a8) SUT 1639) Q=AUAT ge = (Ro ~Ta) = Cx (Tax —ho) AUB yp, 1928502929205 Ts For unmixed crossflow units, C’, NTU are same as the two-pass shell-and-tube unit, so from Fig 2.15(c): 2-070 Ty © Ty-e(Ty-T,) 433 From Fig 2.13: F=0.95 Problem 2.19 ‘An air blast cooler with a surface area for heat transfer of 600 m* and an overall heat transfer coefficient of 60 W/{m?.X) is fed with the following streams: Airs in, =25 Ke /5, 651050 J/kg.K), Te=25°C Oil: sin, =5 kg/5, ¢y4=2000 J/(kg.K), Tyin=90°C Calculate the stream exit temperatures, the F-factors, and the effectiveness for a two-shell-pass and four-tube-pass heat exchanger. Given A shell-and-tube heat exhanger -Air inlet temperature (Tea) = 25°C ~Mass flow rate of air (th,)= 15 kg/s. Oil inlet temperatre (Tas) = 90°C -Mass flow rate of oll (i, )= 5 kg/s. “The specific heat capacity of air (cy.) = 1.05 1d/(ke,K) ~The specific heat capacity of oil ( Cyn) = 2 ki/(kg.K) “Total surface area of heat exchanger (A) = 600 m? -Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) = 60 W/(m?.K) FIND a, The outlet temperture Te, Tia b. FfacotrF Effectiveness © for two-pass shell-and-tube and unmixed cross-flow units, respectively. SOLUTION: pg = 15% 1050 = 15750 WK ©, =the, = 32000 =10000 W/K From Fig 2.15(): 6 =0.83 Also, ©, (Ty Te) Ceo Ta) Cye(Ey Ta) Cain Tas ~Tes) and Ty =Ty-e(y Te) 1 -08300-25) = 36.05 "C For outlet temperture of cooling water: Meeps _ 151.05 Tey 5H =1575 also 90-3605 1375 as905 To determine the correction factor F, R and P need to be first determined. Ty -Ty _ 59.25-25 80, the correction factor is found to be (from Fig 2.8 in chapter 2): 7-067 P =0.53 Problem 3.14 (4) Repeat Problem 3.13, Wink. suming that an overall heat transfer coefficient is give or estimated 2s 2000 GIVEN “A shell-and-tube heat exchanger, with hot flowing through tubes “Hot water inlet temperature (T))=40 °C -Hot water outlet temperature (Tyg) = 20°C “Mass flow rate of hot water (rn) ~20 ke/s Cooling water inlet temperature (Iu) = 15 °C Cooling water outlet temperature (I) = 25°C -Leength of heat exchanger (1) = 5 m “18 BWG copper tube with wall thickness of 1.25 mm FIND ‘Number oftubes. SOLUTION: 2040 0°C: Properties of water at Tx p=9956 kg/m? = w= 7.98x10" Pas cpn = 4179 T/kgK k=0614 W/mK Pr 5.48 ‘The log temperature difference under counter current ease ANAT, _(40-25)-(20-15) ania 5 IC From Fig, 2.7, the correction factor F=06 From energy balance = Fie, aT = (2044179)(20) ‘The total heat transfer area Q=UAF MT yg Q 1671.6 10° IFAT 2000x0.6%9.1 If we choose 7/8 18 BWG tube: I, D. = 0.777 in; Internal area A, Om, =153.1m" 0.4742 in’; the tube length, 153.1 , —___ ______..290 dg (0.777 x0.0254 41.2510? x2)x10 ‘The fluid velocity = 30m is 220%995.6% 0.25% x (0.777% 0.0254) Re = Pad 995.640.3% (0.717 0.0254) _ 7596 6¢rurbulent) # 7.98x10" Flow regime is turbulent flow. Using Blasius correlation in Table 3.4 f =0.0791Re®* =0.0791x7386.6% = 0.0085 0.39%Pa 0254%0.777 ‘The total pressure drop is: Ap, = Ap+ Ap, = Ap+ pit, = 0.39-+-995.6%0.3" x10" = 0.39-+0.09 = O48kPa

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