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Beethoven's Studies
Beethoven's Studies
mm
LOUIS
VAN BEETHOVEN S
STUDIES.
(7
LOUIS
VAN BEETHOVE'NS ^
;*<
BY
1853.
Mr
\l
PREFACE.
The
German
first
Beethoven's death
after
edition of this
contains
away from
to take
served
as
it
line to
it.
in its original
it,
ness
add a
or
his
one and the same rule, which the zealous pupil had worked
out for his own benefit the limits of the work did not allow
;
of such prolixity;
but
to
book of
instructions
all
in their brevity
whose
tuition
he enjoyed for
two years
that he was no idle scholar will at once be perand
he
thus laid the foundation of that solid science
ceived,
which characterized his future works. It may indeed be asserted
:
that
his
theoretical acquirements
were,
notwithstanding
his
pected; but
*)
For a
this
fair
died at Vienna,
ought rather
specimen of
to
be attributed
to the
noble
He
PREFACE.
VI
to
shake
off the
spirit carried
him
far
also enabled
him
to
the Past,
as
it
advance of the age in which he lived. I have little to add to these remarks;
the genuineness of the Studies is unquestionable, and, apart from the
ced him
in
value to
without
them
all
unnecessary
English readers,
work ought
to
be rendered accessible
to
new German
difficulty in
edition
translating
of Beethoven,
ticated anecdotes
and
this
to
volume
have
appended a few critical remarks upon his works together with some notices respecting his private history which
further
appeared
to
me desiderata,
Music
is
now
life
its
up blanks
filling
known
in
un-
to the public.
in the
as
hitherto
to professional
is
like this is
circle of readers
is
which depreciated and all but ignored the claims of music can
no longer be made a ground of reproach to them
may this
,
book be honoured
in
promoting
however
little
the interests
HAMBURGH, 1853.
'
CONTENTS
FIRST SECTION.
SYSTEM OF THOROUGH-BASS.
Page
CHAPTER
I.
The signatures
CHAPTER
The treatment
II.
18
of discords
CHAPTER
III.
19
Harmony
CHAPTER
IV.
The organ-point
47
CHAPTER
V.
49
CHAPTER
VI.
52
CHAPTER
The same with two
VII.
56
intervals
CHAPTER
The same with three
VIII.
59
intervals
CHAPTER
Chords as derived from the change
CHAPTER
Chords of the 9th, Hth, and 13th
IX.
61
of hass
X.
63
CONTENTS.
VIII
SECOND SECTION.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
Page
CHAPTER
The elements
of Composition
67
CHAPTER
Definition of the
II.
word counterpoint
70
CHAPTER
The
five species of
III.
simple counterpoint
CHAPTER
Examples
of the
same, as written
in
IV.
two parts
CHAPTER
The
first
I.
V.
CHAPTER
91
CHAPTER
VII.
95
CHAPTER
VIII.
99
CHAPTER
IX.
same
103
CHAPTER
First species of strict
of the
X.
CHAPTER
Second species
107
XI.
same
110
CHAPTER
XII.
CHAPTER
113
XIII.
119
CHAPTER
Fifth species of the
89
VI.
77
XIV.
same
124
CHAPTER XV.
Examples
130
IX
CONTENTS.
THIRD SECTION.
CHAPTER
I.
CHAPTER
II.
CHAPTER
III.
CHAPTER
IV.
CHAPTER
V.
440
Imitation
465
172
485
214
in the
CHAPTER
VI.
CHAPTER
VII.
227
octave
237
Double counterpoint
in the tenth
Double counterpoint
in the twelfth
CHAPTER
2*7
CHAPTER
Examples of
all
VIII.
IX-
254
CHAPTER X.
277
Inversion
CHAPTER
XI.
CHAPTER
XII.
285
The canon
303
APPENDIX.
Fragments. Hints for vocal composition
344
On
315
the Recitative
for 2 violins
and
325
cello
and anecdotes
40
Traits of character
23
Authenticated letters
25
Written dialogue
30
in
books
music, etc
32
CONTENTS.
XII
Page
Settlement of pension
Baptismal registry
The
36
.
38
funeral
39
Circular invitation to
42
it
Autopsy
43
Necrologue
44
Elegiac stanza
by Grillparzer
Poems and epitaphs on Beethoven
Beethoven's monument at Bonn
46
48
Hymns performed
45
50
54
56
at the funeral
Choral melody
70
74
75
PLATES.
Facsimile of Beethoven's handwriting.
monument
honour of
in
in the
cemetery
His
monument
at
B.
at Wa'hring.
Adelaide", facsimile.
Bonn.
View
of the
house
in
View
of the
house
in
which he
died.
**
IN
STUDIES
FIRST SECTION.
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
vm
signatures; e. g.
g-
Unisons.
Seconds.
Thirds.
<
<
<
FIRST SECTION.
Fifths.
<
Sixths.
<
Sevenths.
Octaves,
or Eighths.
Ninths.
<
<
The Tenths
nothing more
th;
sented by the
Fi
succession; but
the sake of brevi
3
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
When
become necessary
3
to the progression
intervals,
flat
when
the right or the left, raises the interval half a tone higher;
*
f
Is
^
1
e. g.
it,
either
on
FIRST SECTION.
In order to lower an interval
a large p or
ti
two small
{^7
by a whole tone
must be placed before it
F3
-F
^p
(in
;
e. g.
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
Another received method of indicating transposition (and one which
it easier to distinguish at a
im|? or Jf
glance) is to place the sign
renders
$5
to
draw
if 6,
8,
But
$7.
e. g.
it is
{?2,
e. g.
$,
2^, 4b,
6&
4,
?.
This kind of stroke occurs but seldom in cases of the Octave or the
Ninth,
it
e. g.
note;
#8, #9,
t}8, t}9;
J>8,
to
{?
stf, 9JJ;
e. g.
or after the
in natura,
And
8>, ty.
or
Unison;
$1, tH, fH
Ijf, ity, 1J7.
Double sharps, flats or naturals (resolutions of transposition) are only
be found thus indicated 4n-, or, X2
6X; 2^, or H?5, 7{?[;; i}{?6 5*$;
note,
refers
The
etc.
Where
it
8^;
1)1)3;
to
t>9
or 8#, 9J;
fundamental
the
where
is
figures occur.
When
the right
hand has an
it is
=
=
TT IT
expressed
in small notes, e. g.
moment
be struck
at
to half or
but after
e. g.
it
to
it,
which does
are not to
in proportion
FIRST SECTION.
is to
fl
&
'-
to
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
H^F
3454
1*32
P^
544
6
7i?
^1
:itfc=SiSd=^^i^
7 b>
'
^
When two
3 parts (a
figures
minim with
adjacent
a dot) the
75>-
J,
first
indicated
the other
is
to
harmony
FIRST SECTION.
When
two
first
the value of one entire third of the value of the bass note, thus leaving but
one
two
figures
"e. g.
rt-s
&=^b=i=^=J3,L
an*"*"'!
iFf
9
\t1
^
&z
Dots placed after the figures
may be used
5*6.
4^
j?7
*
&
= ^==1
&=
e. g.
-&
^
When
way:
IF*^?
3
in this
harmony thus
indicated
is
to
be placed before the note which follows after the dot, and the duration of
the intervals is to be reckoned by the note preceding it.
i,,
'
-11
;*]
^|=^Hf^a
!"*
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
The same
rule
be observed
is to
e. g.
in case of rests
i.
e.
should they be
10
FIRST SECTION.
After
two
three
sometimes drawn
is
e. g.
e. g.
that is
in cases
where
we
it
generally
is
not ne-
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
First,
the
nished Fifth;
common harmonic
triad
ii
e. g.
I
Secondly, certain imperfect chords, in which any one
wanting;
fl
e. g.
*
^
interval
is
12
FIRST SECTION.
Where
the
words unisono,
unis.,
is to
all'
unisono,
all'
fcz
=]
-5-4-i
- S5
^h-
II
e. g.
means
harmony
until the
be
reappearance of figu-
13
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
SECOND CHAPTER.
All Discords
must be
legitimately prepared
and resolved
i. 'e.
they
The insertion
cord by
e. g.
of a sign of transposition,
a tone or semitone
its
preparation
e.
g.
In like
manner we
Sometimes
+
^1
it is
fi-
not resolved
its
resolution
e. g.
|._T
e. g.
14
FIRST SECTION.
sooner or
it
is
still
is
indispensable to
is
resolve
it,
called a retarded
resolution.
Occasionally the right hand does not await the entrance of the bassnote over which a Discord is to be resolved, but anticipates it; for instance
:
^
=t
And sometimes
this is
done by the
left
hand
e. g.
k*a=*==*j
when
is
to
be
m
e
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
B. Anticipation in the bass -part,
stroke
may be used
When
is
to
indicate
the bass-note
is
actually resolved
harmonic position;
e. g.
it
is
to
16
FIRST SECTION.
Sometimes
If
and
this is
more common;
e. g.
the piece of music be in quick time, and the notes are short,
we
e. g.
First
when
Secondly.
changed
or:
the bass-note
When
is
permanent
e. g.
e. g.
un-
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
Thirdly,
when
movement
the
is
17
e. g.
<T*
'
F=lfe
When
J-TTI-W-dhUd
J-fch^j
the accompaniment
falls
juL
*!
,
when
third, fifth
fifth
is
called regu-
first,
s.
1.
s.
1.
1.
s.
s.
1.
bass-note
passage
is
1.
s.
s.
1.
1.
s.
1.
s.
1.
s.
to the shorter
being anticipated , and thus falling upon the longer note the
termed irregular (transitus irregularisj, and is said to contain pas,
e. g.
uJ
i%
mode
notes, viz:
t_
:
jtg
nc:
circle
ZZI&
it
Studies.
18
FIRST SECTION.
arise
from the
transit in
both parts
e. g.
Z
fl
'
'g
above and
19
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
THIRD CHAPTER.
Fundamental chords are those which give Origin to others and are of
two kinds only; the perfect or pure triad f, and the chord of the Seventh
,
all
J;
others,
we
Seventh
write a Bass which involves nothing but triads and chords of the
that bass is in fact the real fundamental or ground-bass.
Thorough-bass.
Ground-bass.
-j
Discord*)
there are
usually resolved
some discordant
are resolved
is
by
JJJI
intervals,
by a
diatonic interval
downwards; but
which
by ascending
e. g.
FIRST SECTION.
If,
chord,
or only a single
it
interval,
be
called
an
is
e. g.
4-
not
Antici-
pated.
i
This proceeding
when
occurs after a Discord; for the second Example shews that the false
(or diminished) Fifth, which forms the preceding Discord, is in reality resolved beforehand but this is not always the case e. g.
it
=T
ft
m
P
67
j
without
67
Anticipation.
rr-
666
t
in the bass.
may
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
.
And
e. g.
~
br
1*2:
chord
e. g.
\L
also
by changing
bs
i-
it
ff[
The
of figures
2>nre tn'arf is a
but
e. g.
if
chord which-
may be
figures corresponding to
its
singly or
J.~
to
be resolved
into other
harmo-
e. g.
I
sometimes
when
Discords follow
e. g.
the triad
is
symbolized beforehand
for
22
FIRST SECTION.
sometimes
it
is
e.
g.
y >^&^j^^
, f
it
"
'
in
.,
The common signature for the chord of the Sixth is simply the
we meet with symbols for the other integral parts of
occasionally
J,
figure 6
it
there
unmelodic sequences
may be
4 4
:t
This artifice becomes particularly necessary
rectly after a Sixth
this
the
when
intervals
may be
doubled in
and 6th;
In the free (or florid) style the Sixth is freauently used in conjunction
e. g.
65
\>r
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
When
the Sixth
other interval
is
R
li"l
6
is
I
5
*
g
If6
e. g.
&
I
5
Jf
7^66
7
b
G
6
I
S
The augmented Sixth is a Discord which may be used without prepabut must always be resolved upwards e. g.
ration
When
in the
accompaniment
mony
is
to
remain as
is
it
altered
is
of rare occurrence
by means
of a short note
e.g.
the position
cjuick.
Now
Sixth
when
it
becomes necessary
to
e. g.
zzznzi
SE--H
by
triad
is
symbo-
FIRST SECTION.
a Natural
is
(Jl)
used
minor
Fifth.
find the other figures indicating this triad placed .over the
we
The
extreme
dicated
red,
supposititious,
Fifth
5,
or
it
is
with the
often
advisable to
Discord which
false Fifth is
by
by
5{?
we
Occasionally
fundamental note
may
always ascend:
5i}
or
if it
be prefer-
it.
is
e. g.
The same
Third ,
is
The chord
to a
new
of the Six-four
is
modulation
e. g.
indicated thus,
Fifth
may
J.
The diminished
Fifth
e.g.
J
M
is
except where
it
not
occurs in a transi-
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
lesser
P
fe
&-3\
.^-^g5
=EtH=3.
not always necessary, whether the Bass move on or be stationary, because other harmonies are often indicated by a set of figures,
which harmonies may indeed postpone the resolution of the Fourth, but do
But
this is
not annul
e. g.
it;
#7
When
of the Fourth
three-part
in a
,
the combination
harmony
if
is
is
it is
may be used
therefore necessary to indicate them by. a particular sign, for the convenience of. less practised players-.
Where the di-
It is
it is
in connection
e. g.
26
FIRST SECTION.
is
e. g.
(
The pure Fourth
is
4J_-||_^=
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
"
a"",^
27
28
FIRST SECTION.
It
would be incorrect
to write the
chord of Six-four
passing Fourth:
"
'
,
'
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
Instances of the major Sixth connected with the extreme Fourth and
.
greater Third
.J
fev l-i$<g
HI
Instances of the minor Sixth connected with the pure Fourth and the
lesser Third
i^j-ji-g^t^-j~y=jN
367
EEfE^jf^feg^ii
Instances* of the major Sixth connected with the extreme Fourth
and
J
&
IL
ip.
:t:
Instances of the major Sixth connected with the pure Fourth and the
major Third;
LA_J^J_^_L__-L
"Tvr-T'
LAA.L
30
FIRST SECTION.
Instances of the extreme Sixth connected with the extreme Fourth and
It is
four
sometimes necessary to include the Octave in the chord of Sixmuch on account of the required fullness of harmony as on ac-
not so
chords of the Sixth are to be played, because * would grate too harshly
upon the ear, as not agreeing with the melody. In harmonic sequences like
the following
it
The chord
signated
by
ter
or (occasionally)
of Fifths
and lesser
to
make
admitted.
flat Fifth is
fwo kinds
!?,
becomes necessary
may
by the
Fifth
and Sixth
when
it
is
e. g.
de-
the false or
go to form
this
chord:
e. g.
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
51
FIRST SECTION.
if
ned.
and
|lfc=p-
it 'is
met with
customary
to
in organ-points
e. g.
(IT),
55
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
The following examples shew
struck
together
composition
without
preparation
and
this
uJ
even in the
may be
strict style of
is
explained
thus:
of the parts
melody, as also the observance of pure progression in the bass and treble,
are justifiable reasons for using the false Fifth without preparation, which
by no means indispensable.
The false Fifth is sometimes played together with a duplication of the
Third instead of the Sixth, although the Sixth would not have interfered
is
this is
when
done
is
resolved.
e. g.
Beethoven, Studies.
and
by
The Third
a repeis
often
also to avoid
bad
FIRST SECTION.
Ti-p
sau*m
L.
F^3r=E3EEEf3e^
= 1
^J H
1L
~
h^bari
'
'
The Chord of the Second consists of the Second, Fourth, and Sixth.
The signatures for it are 2, or k\, 4, $4, (by which the 4th is raised) or +,
oder: I. The Sixth may be major or minor, the Fourth extreme or pure,
The dissonant interval
the Second perfect, diminished, or augmented.
always occurs in the Bass, either as a bind (suspension) or as a passing
note and is always to be resolved downwards e. g.
;
=J
LJ-^-i-
When
ir:
the Fourth
is
may ascend
it
may
also
remain
e. g.
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
The same
(
the 4th )
liberties
where
it
may be
of this interval
is
e. g.
bJ
&=f= H=^^
^=bz-EE=t=!
:
fc*
=3
When
Sixth
it
is
it
carried
extreme 4th
may descend
up immediately afterwards;
J
e. g.
J-
____
it
be
FIRST SECTION.
J
a^-jt^p-8===i
fgflg-z
ti
.i
J-H
f S
=s=tfi5=F=r
-^h4^
I-
H-
-te
e. g.
I
f^T
*
The Second
by
this
descent
is
r
5
1T-I-
F^
e. g.
ii
major Sixth
be used: e.
may
,
in
g.
is
and with
4n
or
is
to
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
of
transposition, viz:
-J
The chord of Five-two ( ) contains in fact only the Fifth and Second,
but appears sometimes as a four-part harmony by the 'duplication of one or
*
other of
essential intervals.
its
Its
signature
is
When
there
is
all
suspensions where a
g.
\.
FIRST SECTION.
The chord
Third
Fifth.
Its
signature
is
the symbol of the major Third, viz. a sharp placed above the 2
c~H"
-73
e. g.
59
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
If
the bar,
it
In the following
Examples
shown
is
the proper
method
E35
rf
6
same time
e. g.
:=I
rfr
="?
H=tl
2t
if
"
n___L_^_^-_
'-Hfl
of duplication
F-i5-:L" -5r^T
rr - p'
f -'-p
F=?$f^f=^^
Passing Sevenths must be very carefully treated
e. g.
+-L6
None
7777
of the passing notes
are to be figured
which occur
in these
harmonic combinations
40
FIRST SECTION.
Good progressions
JTJ
J...
of the Seventh
rrj
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
we sometimes meet
In the transit
Fourth;
instead of
the
e. g.
^P
m^
The chord
of Seven-four
is
symbolized by^;
it
contains,
when complete,
Its
In like
manner
e. g.
the Fourth
t=taa-
may be
e. g.
ITT
-6
FIRST SECTION.
PIE
45
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
It is
be postponed
its
resolution
may
also
e. g.
=fe^gfe^JI*fe^
-^
G-
because
f3
i"
progression
of the foregoing
44
FIRST SECTION.
:td
may be
either
the Fourth
is
Fifth
invariably pure;
is
e. g.
rt=
698
546
g>-
di-
^S J=qi=JS
d:
:>f-B:--=:
*^
_8
^faECTlE
The chord
the Third
of Nine-seven includes
*
and
7th, also
is
it
expressed by
e. g.
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
If
figure
is it
4, and
less so
when
or extreme,
it
which
the Fifth,
annexed
is
to
up
fill
The ingredients
;
may be
the
harmony;
4 3
it is
or
>
in cases
is sufficient.
false Fifth
pure, false,
e. g.
J-J
the Fourth
the transition
is
is
delayed the
e. g,
t=J:
^
=t=,
^-
^-T^i^s
H
-i
*?*-
u-1
r^
\>s
b*
^i^^
In the free or secular style this chord
sion, consisting of
with the
is
Fifth.
In No.
is-
the pure
<
also reached
by
fl
No.
is
=S-:-^r--
-t
46
FIKST SECTION.
In No. 2 the extreme Fourth
is
by the prece
ding note.
No.
2.
In No. 3 is
on
and
its
shewn how
No.
by
may be
a signature
omitted as a suspensi-
3.
<
:t
In No. 4 the chord of the Sixth
is
subjected to
all its
permutations over
bass-note, and then made to pass into the Fourth both by the
descent of one interval and the ascent of several.
the
first
ti
No.
4.
let this
harmony be
written so as to involve
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
47
FOURTH CHAPTER.
A
point d'orgue.
nuto bass
The harmony
this is
shewn
is
with
music
J^J
===^L^^^c^L^^
3~ h
H--F P Jigm
:
1''
i_j J
l-fer-g
236
ip
3
1
is
j
ti
The organ-point
f^
JLJ
j__J_
EJIg=p_-I-g_.-II
6
7678
(without bass.
48
FIRST SECTION.
J~J
4.334
5,3
P*
b*
t^
r~~^r
~~|-
#7
&
1^1*
T^
44
6^4
b7
f
^J
It is
hJ
b7
organ-point;
T.
it
S^=^
Ff^f
S
j
\i
=^
f?;
5.
(without bass.)
r
-
j.hj=j^=y]
The following examples in which the figures are set down , are intended to give a clear insight into Ihe harmony which if analyzed will
be found to consist for the most part of not very abstruse combinations.
,
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
41)
FIFTH CHAPTER.
The
viz:
the triad
appears.
The major
triad,
Radical chord.
m
4
st
permutation
<5i
the chord of
the Sixth.
6
2d permutation
the chord of
Six-four.
Beethoven, Studies.
32
-^
FIRST SECTION
Radical chord of
the Seventh.
1st permutation,
forming the
<
chord of Six-five.
Sd permutation,
forming the chord
of Six-four-three.
3rd permutation,
.-
viz
the
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
'll
its
three permutations.
FIRST SECTION.
The Discords shewn in this table are called real or necessary Discords,
because they always maintain their position, and do not momentarily usurp
the place of another interval, or can be regarded as suspensions. They
may occur both in the rhythmical and unrhythmical parts of a bar it is not
;
always necessary to prepare them, and they are in general resolved over the
bass-note which immediately follows them. There are many other Discords
besides those given in the above table Discords in which certain tones are
;
effect
These chords are termed suspensions, and may, for the most part, be omitted without involving a faulty
to distinprogression. They should properly be called accidental Discords
of delaying or suspending the next chord.
guish them from the real ones. They should always be prepared, on account
of their harshness, and only occur in the rhythmical or accentuated part of a
In the free style of composition, however, they are sometimes used
without preparation.
All chords which are originated by suspensions may be subdivided:
bar.
st,
which there
into chords in
is
intervals occur,
these
however
interval lies in
is
the bass
harmony which
SIXTH CHAPTER.
Chords with one interval by which the
The chord of the Ninth
triad is
delayed
between these
intervals
clearly
alike
shews the
difference
The chord
by
of Five-four
by
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
The
Fifth
The arch over the figure 6 is here very appropriate, for the sake of
marking the distinction between this form of the Sixth (where it occupies a
permanent place) and its passing form, as for instance
:
The octave
major Seventh;
e. g.
"
Here the difference between the major Seventh and the real Seventh
(which descends by a tone)
is
observable*).
FIRST SECTION.
Chords with one interval by means of which the chord of the Sixth
suspended
The chord of Nine-six
is
e. g.
fl
- -f
rff
43
&
343
^=f==&
Sometimes
5
Pf^f
the Fifth
6
where
in the chord of
viz
is
suspended by the
e. g.
Seventh;
And
of the Fourth
the
76
same
this interval
is
also
used as a
liberty
may be
suspends
if
cs
jar
mg>
Tenth
(or Third)
e. g,
S6
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
same way the Fourth
In the
by
the Fifth,
in
or by the Third
When
may be suspended
e. g.
must ascend
is
suspended by the
Fifth,
the former
Chords with one interval by means of which the chord of the Seventh
is
suspended
The Third
Fourth
in the
e. g.
may be suspended by
the
-H-^p--j
}'
The chord
M-jH
I
-g-j
of Nine-seven, e. g.
r
rr
r~r~"
f~"
"|
?
*l\rt C*-l
pends the Se-
venth.
Jl
67
T
^^
oo
745
r
i
-u
FIRST SECTION.
(in the
chord of
.)
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
In the free style of writing
<
The Fourth
and Seventh
^
alone as
suspension
58
FIRST SECTION.
In the free (or florid) style thus
(Laugh,
The chord
by
my
of the Seventh
the Fourth
Sixth
diminished Octave
^J
Sixth;
-T-!
e. g.
intervals
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
Suspensions of the chord of the Second
1
I
-4
-*
^3=1
Ht=gd=g
Ffa?
'-FEE?-
i-
EIGHTH CHAPTER.
The triad suspended by means of three or four intervals. The greater
which might be more properly termed
chord of the Seventh: I,
I, J,
,
e.
g.
=**!=
342 323
is
8
5
<
'
g.
=r-|
IT
-^
5
c=1
This Fifth
be taken
is
to
be resolved downwards
^g
g-4
the Second
2
I
When
made
to
the
harmony
accompany
is
may
also
instead of the
34
II
is
omitted
often
21
harmony.
o-
in three parts,
the Seventh
*r_
Slxth
8-
upon circumstances
is
:
FIRST SECTION.
fc
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
61
NINTH CHAPTER.
Chords
termed Anticipations.
in
four,
bass:
Anticipated triads
which may
also
be
lies
in the
e. g.
I
The harmony
examples
is
known by
is
commonly
62
FIRST SECTION.
In
all
medium
e. g.
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
TENTH CHAPTER.
The chord of the Ninth is produced by the addition of a Third taken
below the fundamental note of a chord of the Seventh e. g.
;
ffeEjZ^pIj
64
FIRST SECTION.
the Third and Fifth the greater chord of the Seventh, a very
By omitting
common one
is
produced
I
Another chord of the Seventh
Ninth
is
which,
when
it
first
transposition of
it
generally termed
is
of the entire
n __
ff
\\
is
harmony
but byJ
|r
we
The chord
Fifth
the Seventh;
e. g.
-U.--fz=
&
complete, as
it
in 7 parts
it
is
considered impracticable
SYSTEM OF THOROUGHBASS.
65
some of its intervals are therefore omitted. The following chords, which arc
based upon the harmony of the Tenth and Third, are in general use:
3L_
This chord (that of the Seven-six) seldom occurs except
minant;
e. g.
in like
manner
also the
choYd of Seven-sixfour:
IIS^M
6
upon
the
Do
cc
in the
also
be omitted, and
harmony,
as
shewn
e. g.
it
is
in the
SECTION
II.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
FIRST CHAPTER.
Of the elements of
There are two kinds of tones
dissonant
the former
or musical sounds
when combined
we
scientific composition.
and Octave:
some
of these
viz
consonant and
and the
latter
produce harmony
The
phases
or minor.
The remaining
(together with
all
intervals, the
and such
Fourth a Discord.
Fourth
is
There
no disputing about
tones,
it is
tastes
to
my
ear ,
term the
when
the
P.
5*
08
SECTION
II.
composition is based upon these elements and these intervals, varied and combined, both as to their position and their movement (i. e.
the progression from one interval to another) are the materials with which
All musical
the
composer has
to
work.
is
of three kinds
rno-
tus rectus ,
is
thafr
which
is
produced by
e.
g.
('r
69
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
from one perfect Concord to another, equally perfect, the probe made by the motus obliquus or contrarius e. g.
must
gression
1st;
==
r r
2dly; in a progression from an imperfect to a perfect Concord the
lus contrarius or obliquus is also to
be used
ir
in moving from
3dl-y
movement may be used
;
of
4thly
The
ii
all
three kinds
e. g.
mo-
e. g.
e. g.
be used in
rests the
all
70
SECTION
II.
SECOND CHAPTER.
The word Counterpoint means dot agaiust dot because our forefathers
especially for
(or points) instead of the notes which we now use
,
used dots
phrase
in this
manner.
The
latin
is
THIRD CHAPTER.
Of the
of simple Counterpoint.
The first species, in which only one note of a similar description is placed against every other single note, is the most common; it is indifferent
whether the notes in the composition be Semibreves, Minims, Crotchets or
The Allabreve-measurement
Quavers.
of the bar
is
is
better
possible
for these
two forms
of
movement
With respect
that
when
careful treatment,
necessary to observe
the cantus firmus (canto fermo, or plain chant) lies in the lower
to the conclusion of the piece
it
is
Sixth;
if,
however, the plain chant occupies the upper part, the penultimate note
must be the minor Third below, after which the cadence or close is to be
made
commencement, as also the Fifth though not in the lower part, because then the piece would not begin' in the key which properly- belongs to
at the
it.
None
the piece.
In the second species of simple counterpoint the notes are written in
two
half bars, or
two minims
to a
technically distinguished
and correspond
to
71
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
minim
if
no Discord occurs
which
up;
in Arsi
when
lies
the
is filled
e.'g.
This
filling
up
may sametimes
also
shews ,
in
be
jn
Concord,
which the
note in Thesi must be a Fifth, and the second -in Arsi a major Sixth,
the plain chant
lies in
minor Third
\.
it lie
in the
first
when
first
e. g.
Plain chant!
It is
advisable to give especial attention to the two last bars (the ca-
minim
when
facilitating the
and
is
allowed to write
to take intervals
as distant as a
Sixth or an Octave, (to prevent the parts from approaching each other too
nearly)
or to
highest of
them
let
these
shall lie
distant
below
intervals
by
93
53
e. g.
86
86
SECTION
II.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
ithly,
when
is
it is
ti
(___
_|_
e. g.
SECTION
When
II.
the counterpoint
must be so contrived
But
if
upper
Oc-
e. g.
must be
that the final note of the last bar but one shall form a
so
managed
after which the Octave forms
bind
is
serving
by
a bind;
the
identical
first
(upon
the
e. g.
the close;
it
is
placed over
the two minims which both in Arsi and in Thesi form Concords with the
plain chant, e. g.
minim
first
if
out,
e.
g.
we
all
e. g.
ISC
for
(in Arsi)
II
G\
to
be
obliterated
or
it
be
really left
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
as has already
When
may move
in
itself
wider
been seen.
the Second
must be resolved
into the
Unison, the Fourth into the Third, the Seventh into the Sixth, and the -Ninth
into the Octave, the Sixth,
falling
77
upon
|f
which
=--
is
;
retarded
e. g.
by
the bind
upon
the Seventh,
76
SECTION
It
II.
it
cannot be made use of, the same bar may now and then be
two notes struck separately, without the ligatura.
filled
up with
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
77
in short,
are inviolable
viz
strict style
that
counterpoint
this style
may be
and as allowing of more variety and caprice , also of more meloThe bind may be used with peculiar advantage,
and
is
therefore strongly
The cadence, or
bar,
above
is
that of the
recommended.
concluding
==
ij===:
below
FOURTH CHAPTER.
Examples
in the five different sorts of simple counterpoint.
In
FIRST SPECIES
NB.
lunterpoini.
\L<
NB.
78
SECTION
II.
bidden, as
my
in
opinion
succession of Thirds
song
that a
pas-
in
if
musica"
two-part harmony:
the
harmony be written
is
e. g.
no doubt
this ,,diabolus in
removed
is
is
it)
is
the Tritonus
it
There
and so
sage
effect;
and
in
is to
like
intervals
also
be termed
incorrect.
Cantus
firmus.
Counterpoint.
&
Cantus
firmus.
..^..
\-<s>~\ -?.
flj
Cantus
firmus.
Counterpoint.
never
to
*) I translate this as
stress
it
stands
it, I
may
upon
is
P.
79
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
would thereby produce pure consecutive Octaves in both parts. This interval (c jf in the example) may appear under various forms and always serve
to
e. g.
^s
IE
>t
D minor.)
(as 4th
(as 4th
(as
1-
S,f
(as
second
SECOND SPECIES,
of simple two-part counterpoint.
NB.
Counterpoint.
Cantus
firmus.
-sa-
ipi
fe
NB. This
avoided. *)
Cantus
firmus.
^^^T^"^^
8
36
34
35
86
32
Counterpoint.
*)
It is
is
bad,
and
P.
80
SECTION
In this case
it
is
better to
make
fall
Fifths
unter-
upon
II.
the
imperfect
consonant intervals,
and Octaves
upon
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
NB.
Counterpoint.
m
NB. here the lower part rises above the upper the Sixth is symbolized
(although it sounds like a Third) because the interval is always reckoned from
;
demanded
for
if
is
is
to
be
strictly
would
fa.
it
when
but
observed
.;
may be
a Discord
if
e. g.
108
attrition
today.)
is
Beethoven, Studies.
(in
which
all
SECTION
82
is
restricted to perfect
be easier
II
may
also
it is
forbidden to use two indentical notes in succession, as for instance, cc, ee,
gg,
etc.;
but
(in
and again,
the
e. g.
fifth
species)
in cases
sake of uttering
Glo-ri-a
in
ex
eel - sis
which allows
this,
ex
- eel - sis
De
- o!
second a Discord;
in
for the
first
as aforesaid,
is
may be
note
21y,
the
first
them
note
and resolved by that which follows them the Discord as well as the
same may occupy one or more bars and similarly the
;
resolution of the
harmony which prepares the Discord may take up a like or unlike number of
bars; i. e. The resolving harmony may occupy more, but on no account less
bars than the harmony which prepared the Discord. Accidental Discords must
be prepared in the same manner, but their resolution differs in one point;
inasmuch as real Discords are resolved o'nly by harmonies which follow
them, accidental Discords by the self-same chord. Discords are then of three
kinds: 1st, of the regular and irregular transit
21y, real; 3dly, accidental.
;
this
THIRD SPECIES
of
Canto
fermo.
Counterpoint.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
g=E
Counterpoint.
EEEfEgS^'rgE^E^Il^gg
3.1
8786
3456
109108
6567
Cantus
firmus:
NB.
ffi
,5?
latter half.
must be taken
e. g.
84
SECTION
-<s>
IF
NB.
dnitus
firmus.
Counterpoint.
because
Counterpoint.
B
ft
#3
?1
6367
Cantus
firmus.
NB.
HJLK
'\
169108
83
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
some remarks upon the
viz
a note thus bound
:
ing
it
which
is
then set
nothing more than a retardation of the one followat liberty by descending to the next Concord, i. e.
it
way it is resolved. In
commencement of the piece
;
in this
first
order to avail
the
r&L
Counterpoint.
&
Canto
fermo.
36
76
s
76
78
76
38
79
Canto
i
fermo.
rCounter-
point
13
1323
63
Here:
Counterpoint.
Canto
fermo.
m 910
at
NB. a license
is
taken
&
~
T~~n
23
by
910
4-6
:^EpEEt^ES^?=S
effected
composer
e. g.
unbound note
this
in Thesi.
iH
SECTION
II.
=t=
:t=d=
Canto
fermo
'I
108
esdtft:
Counter-
10
point,
FIFTH SPECIES
of two-part simple Counterpoint.
Counter1
point.:
Canto
fermo.
^F^F^^r^^-N^^fe^P
67
Canto
|
10
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
In former times,
when
of counterpoint
italian
differed but
criticise
it is
let
now
is
How
is
works
of sterling value
and
and
intrinsic excellence
can sur-
these alone can bid defiance to mutability and false taste. Therefore
of diligence.
The
Here the
it
;
motto
species
is
cling
neither the
!
let
,,Life is short,
introduced up to the
last
Art
is
us
want
long."
must not be used beyond the extent of a few bars. Two quavers
in the unaccented portions of a bar, and a Minim is better
third
may
only be used
placed at the
commencement
(bad)
(good)
when con-
e. g.
(good)
The
is
persevere:
may be
mode, and
true Art
artist's
first
and
if
to this species
almost everything
vive
accompaniment, permitted
from what
little
Tempora mutantur.
bravura.
it
;
To
this rule
(tolerable)
for insfance * in F.
major
in
to
my
flat
5th
is
more agreeable
-H
88
SECTION
Many of these
was
when
infancy;
harmony was known, and
were not supported, as now, by the orchestra: so that the com-
practical art,
the singers
II.
in
its
little
besides vocal
poser could only display his scientific acquirements by an intricate and often
heavy combination of parts; melody was neglected and indeed nearly unknown
the solemnity of the words which were set to music demanded
;
which
a certain gravity
is
produced confusion.
It
old masters
that the
must have
considered the matter deeply, and that their calculations led to a very just
that the simple choral-tunes which they used (or invented) ought
result, viz
:
chords
one springing naturally out of the other, ensured a clear and impo-
that
composer
lost;
whose echoing
aisles a
we must remember
he should avoid
more elaborate
difficult intervals
all
which
them
desire to imitate
in
some
of
which are mere millstones round the neck of Imagination, only serving to
frighten the beginner and impede his progress. Time goes on, and what sufficed for
be supposed
to
to the
me
not
of Art, which are unchangeable; I would only say that as time advances Art
has also advanced in many things Invention and Fancy must not be denied
:
of
which schoolmen
theorists,
modern composer
command? why
hesitate
to
use the
restrict himself to
And
yet
far greater
and barren
critics
to confine ourselves to
to
to interpret the
I
to
be common-
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
Counter-
Canto
fermo.
Canto
(t^Pl=l=l
fermo.
'.
Counter-
-&
(|^ifc
point.
910
963
-*-
FIFTH CHAPTER.
Of
Rule
viz:
3
i
the
first
every chord
and
--
1^3
is
or one
of these
intervals doubled,
In two parts
T'
gr~
up
^r
triad
but by no
it is
allowed
T[
harmonic
moves
by the Bass
e.g.
II
90
SECTION
These occult
be
filled
up
II.
are only permissible at the beginning or end of the piece, and are forbidJ
| |
den in the middle of it, similarly to the chords | * and other discords of that kind.
difficult
compass of an octave. For the sake of variety it is well not to use the same
intervals too often, and to mingle perfect and imperfect chords together.
The cadence
or in the middle
at the last
bar
is
only in case of
made by
its
must precede
when
pure
triad
al-
e. g.
Choral
Chor.
CH-
It
all
will
&
be seen therefore
<SL
II
to
II
prevent
it
may be
carried through
Cantus
firmus.
may be used
to
iH
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
=r^zp^q+izi==F==i:
-L_L_
9<S>\ 73
~f
EtEEEEEE=EEE=^.-d:
&
6
Cantus
<
10^10
10
^H? 33336
firmus.
9t
10
1010
1010
firmus.
SIXTH CHAPTER.
Of the second
Here again
as in Bicinium ,
Two
chant.
octaves,
composed
and Unisons, are allowed
Fifths,
is
better
when
if
occurring
e. g.
Good.
It
if
Bad.
Bad.
=%=
;
:_j
1=
92
SECTION
(The effect
is
cannot approve of
It is
it.)
instances: a Discord
may be
which
latter
may
may only
and
in
near intervals
at the close.
No Discords,
first
and
last
note
i.
e.
Chorale.
I
Chor.
Chorale.
3=^=P
M
bad, and
may be made
still
stroke (Arsis)
II.
95
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
Canto
fermo
36
87
34
3S
04
108
58
23
15
Filling-
im
lip
\
B
<
Counterpoint.
Counterpoint.
33234
34
56
36
31
87
56
Canto
fermo.
>
-&>-
Filling-
up.
As
will have been seen from the above, it is customary to use the
and
more easily read symbols 6 4 , and 3 instead of the double
simple
figures 13, H, and 10; more especially as the distance from the bass causes
,
no
alteration therein.
Counterpoint.
3856
Filling-
lung.
Canto
fermo.
Fillii
illing-
up
Canto
fermo.
Counterpoint.
3856
8634
-&
-\-^ ~
f^ -
SECTION
II.
&
Canto
bziz2:==iz|i
fermo.
OLSizti:
83
=^P-
63
33
6854
685
33
3$ ==33
835ff
8387
Counters
point.
365
1
Filling-
^~
up.
t|
-jfc2_
~
..
In varying the position of the plain chant (thro* the different parts)
it is
Soprano part;
(violin-clef) part,
etc.
^SE
Counterpoint.
32
[72
J5
[?6
86
[?5
326
56
Filling-
up.
68
53
53
33
*o.
-<s>
Canto
fermo.
Filling-
up.
BPE
gy
3
Canto
JIF2
m^
4
fermo.
-4
~^~
^g
S3
34
SEI-^o^
gu_ q
,_
"I
Counterpoint.
r _i?-
cznr
Canto
^=
fermo.
Counterpoint.
<
L-iJid
i
1
up.
=^=I^^S^H
G/
3213
Filling-
^l
il:
653S
8735
:^<
65^3
if-2
:=|igrrE^z^^ar-^^=ig:^=g
I^j
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
The
last
made
,
.
Canto
fermo.
manner.
r&E
Counterpoint.
218
9435
r>
Filling-
up.
SEVENTH CHAPTER.
Of the
is to
be paid
to
do so on the second or
third.
step,
examples
by
fall
in Thesi.
crotehet in Arsi
first
the
Discords are
and
falling
upon
in the
Chorale
(Passing note.)
\\^ t^H
^^
10876
8756
9G
SECTION
faulty,
;
also
II.
is
suffered to
fall
Fifths
contrary movement.
Counterpoint.
Canto
fermo
fe=
>
Filling-
up.
'-f-0
new
harmonies.
q==^p
H
1-
Canto
fermo.
Filling-
up.
Counterpoint.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
1=4
98
SECTION
II.
n
S87G3213
438795
Counterpoint.
l_.,.,._
^z
Canto
fermo
-2-
-_.-.
535^68^765
ft
b*
6 ,<
^*
5^436556
*10
Filling-
up.
c~\
10
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
EZ
||
|_ffl
&.
99
100
SECTION
II.
e^
point.
1076
"?:
Canto
76
&*
^5
gggrgag
35
76
Counter-
76
__<2
fermo.
Filling-
j5flF^=f
up.
^
8
!Ei==i=i
In this example the ligatura of the Seventh occurs too often
this
evil
Canto
fermo.
Filling-
up.
Counterpoint.
23
23
JSL
45
^^
- i"~t
el
68
83
,
35
J
P^
I
23
^-^
35
45
23
.
23
45
45
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
Here also the ligatura upon the Second
is
101
(The nume-
rous instances of retarded Fifths are not considered faulty. Very strange
with all respect for the learned doctors they sound to my ear vastly unplea!
sant
Filling-
up.
Counterpoint
Canto
fermo.
76
76
86
_L^._ T_Z3:
counter-
38
g
76
76
5
'
-f-^
f-'
78
|_^_=i
102
SECTION
II.
105
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
The same Chorale varied by means
rent bass
of different counterpoint
and
diffe-
Canto
is::
1'ermo.
Counterpoint.
Filling-
up.
ti
I:
i04
SECTION
Canto
tf
&
-~T
II.
"T*5
T"
-G>
fermo.
34
67876
Filling-
6789
!)
T^
1-*-"
-;
up.
9
104543
8234
67
Counterpoint.
H=
it
(i
'I
this
NB. there
called a incision
viz
is
the
Counterpoint.
8
Canto
fermo.
Filling-
up.
.1
'i
898
35123
3109
s
85
105
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
-a
Filling-
up.
Counter'
point.
543
76543
1365
89
&
n
Canto
fermo.
108910386
586
73G
787656
Counterpoint.
5
6785678
38
C*[
<
~f=^
Canto
fermo.
r- &-
Filling-
up.
8653
b-t=?-^-:
too
storm.
SECTION
II.
feelings as
when
gaze upon
me
the
same
tranquillizing
*)
Filling-
up.
5687
5432343
3465
3214565
Canto
fermo.
1
34.58910
Counterpoint.
btf
-r'^-^NEE^r-p-r-r-r^g
-OL.
55
67
32
34
107
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
determined for once to
avail
axiom
repent of
it)
and
in
making
a four-part composition of
it
write the Third, A, under the Tenor C, which will produce a complete
Quadricinium then I shall have appeased the angry gods , I mean the learned Thebans or pedants, who must then, nolens volens, acquit me!*)
:
TENTH CHAPTER.
First species of four-part, strict, simple Counterpoint.
to
is
to contain
a faulty progression
may be doubled
fourth
interval
which properly
A judicious
use
important
indeed indispensable
the
In cases
it.
.of
as standing in relation to
movement (motus)
will
be found very
attention
must
for the
also
taves consecutively
this is
an
evil that
very important to let each interval occupy its natural position and
not to force it into another which would disturb the smooth flow of the
It is
parts;
it
is
may be
correct,
when
and
to avoid the
will
be indicated
neces-
sity of
making alterations.
The position which the Concords are
composer by
and
to
occupy
to the
feeling.
The keen irony of this passage (not the only one of the sort) cannot escape
it was not Beethoven's weakness to fancy that all such antiquated rules,
some of which are, like Hamlet's proverb, ,, something musty," were infallible.
*)
the reader;
P.
108
SECTION
II.
Cantus
firmus.
8335333535
538
'*K^iF^
1353858
^
I
f~gr
^1
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
109
ElteE^fe
Cantus
firmus.
Cantus
&
firmus.
38
33
33
58
f==^
Canfws
firmus.
8
'
86
S3
16
s?rz^z:
SECTION
II.
-a
5
38
(6
S3
38
53
83
85
85
38
56
36
33
-2~=
33
antus
firmus.
^^~
83
56
S3
111
38
33
53
Cantus
firm us.
ELEVENTH CHAPTER.
Second species of four-part,
in
which
remain
all
the rules
to the
applied
strict,
simple Counterpoint;
in full force.
can
Cantus
firmus.
833533853 EEiE^^
5
Filling-
up.
zrc^n
^=f^^9-
:s:
8
51
rg-
Counterpoint.
5
32
31
53
56
38
Fundamentalpart.
::
53
LIZZ
rari^r
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
In this species
minims
in the last
Ill
Some
were
also fond of
(in
minor
than fruition.
Liounter-
point
SECTION
Counterpoint.
Canto
ferrao.
Filling-
up.
Foundationpart.
Canto
fermo.
Filling,
up.
<
Counterpoint.
Foundationpart.
II.
Filling-
up.
Counterpoint.
Filling-
up.
Canto
fermo.
in
SECTION
Filling-
up.
Counterpoint.
Canto
fermo.
Foundationpart.
ff
-*1
II.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
II
il
^-,
r?
115
SECTION
116
Canto
fermo.
Filling-
<
up.
Sfe
313 67
Counterpoint.
Tiff
II.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
same
as timidity!
misdemeanour.
*)
Satis
is
117
118
SECTION
II.
il
Filling-
-j?^-
up.
Canto
fermo.
Counterpoint.
BEE
j J
356SJ7765
*1
Fundamentalpart.
fi_
8^
S33^
iS
[7*
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
Filling-
up.
Canto
fermo.
11!)
feli5^=i
pf-^
/=>
(y
j-__
J3
Filling-
up.
Counterpoint.
te^
673213
8765
43-
#3
THIRTEENTH CHAPTER.
Fourth species of four-part
The rule
that the
strict
simple Counterpoint.
when
removed
It is
always
some-
as will be seen.
shall
e. g.
120
SECTION
II.
ssa
'
SSI
IS
bound Seventh
is
is
often fallacious
'
71
instead of :<
=^
~
f2-
II
when
is
cannot be observed
it
the ligatura
>
filling-up part
into
must
two minims
as
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
121
SB
Counterpoint.
58
13
98
39
85
38
43
Canto
fermo.
835
Filling-
IS
-&-
58358585
up.
S
Foundationpart.
&-
~<S~'.
NB.
NB.
&
<y^
2.
^^|
Filling-
up.
3683
Counterpoint.
m=rfcn
J5f,b
-j-g?
In this example
i"^~j.
(at NB.)
i=a?-jp^.
'
because
and
to
the complete
of the same.
Counterpoint.
3635
353
r^qpz^g^f^sq^-
1884888.
S8
Filling-
up.
L-<53
Foundationpart.
88
88
this
*j'
Canto
fermo.
ir^^za-j-g.-
harmony
56
i(sr-!Z-
Canto
fermo.
63
8* 88
SECTION
II.
NB.
up.
5
Canto
5833
NB.
m 458058*556
&-&-
Filling-
5646
-&T-
i
i
-&-.
fermo.
Filling-
up.
1
14-5623234531562356
j*
Counterpoint.
At the
first
is
All
to
it is
same time he
will learn
where
is
to
limits to
which he
is
confined
124
SECTION
II.
FOURTEENTH CHAPTER.
Fifth species of four -part, strict, simple Counterpoint.
In this
quires
it.
Canto
fermo.
Counterpoint.
Filling-
up.
Foundationpart.
Ira"
eh
it is
sometimes allowable
to divide
le-
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
Counterpoint.
Canto
fermo.
Fillinglip.
Founds tionpart.
125
126
SECTION
II.
*s
8
96
Filling-
up.
Canto
fermo
Filling-
up.
Counterpoint.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
which
is
as taken
This singular
from above )
mode
in
way, by means
127
of writing
is
me
the other
day.)
*{*
Ft=< =|=*=
'
Counter-
2-
.- r>-:
39878
Canto
fermo.
101
'
--|
(
:~\
il
Filling-
up.
tionpart.
m ~~1~ .K
Efzi^^.J 9=^t-|'-J-
point.
Founda-
-l-i
^
J
I*
1*
his
harmonia sine
called
quarta consonante.
61
f^~
t:
5678
33
128
_
SECTION
<s>-
II.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
129
910
Filling-
45
up.
23
Canto
fermo.
8
Counterpoint.
*
ife
353
'65
313
23-2343
150
SECTION
II.
FIFTEENTH CHAPTER.
Fourth species of four- part,
simple Counterpoint.
strict,
may be
retarded
or held back
IN
TWO
PARTS.
is
also permissible.
FIRST SPECIES.
Counterpoint.
Canto
fermo.
The
to sing
is
fall
and good
because the
correctly resolved
latter
by ascending
to
note
viz:
from
f to gft,
is
easy
above.
Canto
fermo.
Counter
point.
There
is
also
strict style
to the
I
SECOND SPECIES.
Counterpoint.
Canto
fermo.
^m
mean
we
are not
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
r,
68
Canto
67
151
&
63
31
fermo.
5363
46
NB.
Counter-
Cfcl.
68
63
/3
*3
point.
106
?5
The
fall
58
109
65
G>~
mitted, because
melodious and
it is
from
f to
is
bj^
also per-
is
THIRD SPECIES.
nm
Counterpoint.
636
[7
345.3:
Canto
fermo.
't
!
Canlo
fermo
Counter- 1
point.
*'<
1*
tj
:.
r,
3G78
[;
87^65
152
SECTION
II.
m
3
i)+
FOURTH SPECIES.
Counterpoint.
3
fcj
(SI
.8
f.
Canto
fermo.
4$
35
36
76
(g
Canto
fermo.
Counter-
l$=j==
point.
56
S3
FIFTH SPECIES.
point.
<
Canto
fermo.
23
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
ffh
FrF
155
154
SECTION
II.
SECOND SPECIES.
Filling-
7r4-ri*
up.
Counterpoint.
FfcftES
10
Canto
<e>-
fermo.
r>
Bbn
h*
68
109
r,
109
35
^^-=^=^
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
FOURTH SPECIES.
a
Filling-
up.
43
Canto
fermo.
5
Counterpoint.
34
155
156
SECTION
IN
Canto
fermo.
8
Filling-
up.
Counterpoint.
FOUR PARTS.
II.
FIRST SPECIES.
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
157
THIRD SPECIES.
Filling-
up.
Canto
fermo.
Counterpoint.
3231
Founda-
836
tionpart.
e
Tfob
*
i
158
Sfeg
SECTION
11.
159
THEORY OF COMPOSITION.
7635
4th Spe-
cies.
It
*
910
53
3d Species.
167
3857
3585
1361
3{34
I
Omnia ad majorem Dei gloriam I
Patience , diligence , perseverance
carry one
End
to the goal.
THIRD SECTION.
Of
Imitation.
The rules
to
necessary
and
to take a
to imitate
it
in another part
by ascent or descent,
progressions and the correct involution of the parts, need not be so carefully considered; it is also permissible to combine with the leading subject
other analogous ideas.
is
an
on account of
artifice
very avai-
efficient aid in
its
to the
made
to
Fugue
and ,
A
tervals
bear
to the other.
if
Imitation
cleverly used
as will be seen
by
is
makes no bad
similarity
is
substitute for
it.
*)
selection ot in-
FIRST, IN UNISON.
1st subject.
free.
need scarcely say (to the musician acquainted with Beethoven's works) that
evidently much fonder of Imitation than of the Fugue, which latter he seems
to have disliked: at all events he never excelled in it, and but seldom attempted it.
*)
B.
was
P.
141
free.
2d subject.
free.
subject.
in the Unison.)
3d subject,
free.
1st subject,
free.
2d
free.
2d subject,
FOURTHLY,
IN
subject, free.
free.
THE FOURTH.
2d subject.
1st subject.
1st subject.
free.
2d subject.
THIRD SECTION.
142
free.
--
free.
free.
1st subject.
1st subject.
free.
.
ee<
145
1st subject.
^=PP
1
1st subject.
-&i~
2d subject.
free.
free.
st subject.
3d subject.
2d subject.
free.
free.
(22-J
3d subject.
free.
version backwards
(artifices,
or rather toys
were pieces
the
augmented
the diminished
the interrupted
and
THIRD SECTION.
144
upon the
the Imitation
Mentor said
to
me,
lately,
,
that
have any great curiosity; I can easily imagine what such intricacies are,
and will make use of them if I find a fitting opportunity. If, in a composi-
tion of
is
just as
good without
that- capability
if
not,
it
1.
Andante.
1st subject.
1
free.
:K=HBs^ji5gi=^
3d
"
subject."'
3d subject?
=t=
1st subject.
S^
E-|
a*- "!
1
^^
~ffff
-mf
^3i=^^B^^^Eguf^
S_ ^
UB
!
0SjfJL-JS.
-J]
mf0^e
a~9~
-3-3= ^zujrajEEEEE
^"^
2d subject.
2d subject.
Beethoven
Studies.
10
140
THIRD SECTION.
2d
subject.
3=3=*=sffi*
2d subject.
-i
th-ft-^
B=4=
free.
\}\\
gH^BSijffig
"*^"*"+*^+"*"3:
^3 si
1st subject.
147
**
No.
2.
Moderate.
1st subject.
'
free,
'f
I"
TT-1-*
-*-+-
1st subject.
free.
ik-tthrtf
**^
free.
i-
2d
subject.
-^
,__
2d subject.
1st subject.
free.
THIRD SECTION.
148
free.
H^S
^^ E
kj^
free.
1st subject.
4thsubj.
3d subject.
1st subject.
<
M n MI
4th subj.
KT"
^=7^=j=j^B^y^Epg3^ ^
f
pE
^3E^J
*
*"*
-+
o N 5
i^I
^ =g=zg=
K
_!
S
h-^faE=j===Z^l|
f
--I
*!d-
T*
1st subject.
tr
tr
3d subject.
free.
free.
subject.
free.
1st subject.
H-=--
-- --
4st subject.
-*r
ISO
Driller Abschnill.
2d subject
HSUb^
'
subject.
st
subject.
3d subject.
free.
^
-F^JTSizd:
-^fi^tjcyj-*-
4th subject.
:|=^^E^rEg=4
free.
free.
4th subject.
suhiwnt.
3d subject.
free.
sr>
No. 3.
Poco
Allegretto.
MS
2d subj.
1st subject.
st subject.
-_,^-
1st subject.
1st subject.
2d subj.
THIRD SECTION.
=^
--
r-
1=15=
1st subject.
SE
:d~~1~id
i?=iBf=Ej
4st subject.
-r"
^^
2d
subject.
4st subject.
^3^
155
3d subject.
IV::
nj:
hH hir
-UM J-*-*--l
st subject.
I
1st subject.
4th subject.
1st subject.
st subject.
THIRD SECTION.
m
4
st subject.
i
:it=j
4th subject.
3SEEE?J3
3d subject.
5lh subject.
st subject.
f*
.*+
f-
E&
i^l
3d subject.
1st subject.
PR
EfEElE^E
5th subject.
zzzn_; z3z=zi_P
4th subject.
fc
^^Eg;feEL^zj^^:^3.uIELgJ
1
:
1
jS_.iJ
1
1_
J
4
^^^
j4
_!? pffr-FFF
|-f4=t 11
=t=L-
P^
THIRD SECTION.
156
IMITATION A QUATTRO
THROUGH ALL THE PARTS ALTERNATELY.
NO. 4.
Quasi Larghetto.
3d subject.
1st subject.
1st subject.
2d
subject.
2d
Eg
subject.
157
-O-t-0-f-
4th subject.
ff-j
3d subject.
_
5th subject.
1st subject.
5th subject.
5th subject.
5th subject.
5th subject.
1
j]
*E
p~*
158
THIRD SECTION.
1st subject.
=l=iq
;
=iJ^H-i^T'i-J-^-J-*-"J
^si subject.
^
,
tt-
-f0-
<st subject
^3;
3^=F
1st subject.
7th subject.
8th subj.
-f
P
I* t ^-L
^*^if
T~I
t
tz-=q=jw==:
=E=EE=Ef
I*
ill
afif-P-P
M-frpp-i FH
i3EESEffii^3
11
7th subject.
ggg
Sthsubj.
1st subject.
^-L-
li
-1st
subject.
7th subject.
7th subject.
4~
si^^ti
9th subject.
1st subject.
subject.
160
THIRD SECTION
9th subject.
!
|
t==p=gF^r=m=^g
1st subject.
I
SfeE
*^T >
^fe EiE
ft
3d subject.
fE^
1st subject.
3d subject.
ss2?
THIRD SECTION.
162
5th subject.
Hh subject?^
1st subject.
-Istsul
^:
1
st subject.!
st subject.
<
st subject.
3d subject.
1G5
!EEE=E
1st subject.
subject.
1st subject.
9th subject.
tr
1
1
st subject.
q::
II
1C4
THIRD SECTION.
i^^fcfe
0-0,
9th subject.
subject.
!teE
^=
E3E
1-
rn
un-^uJ^
^j^Wti
tr-
l^g^Ei
-(-
n^ ^
Jt^l^-tl*
!EE^E
165
SECOND CHAPTER.
Of
The Fugue
(called
Dux
When
is
the
first
part
niment
(to
regarded as a second
double Fugue.
If,
strictly
vals in
on the contrary,
this
When
the theme
the
the key-note
and ends
to
make
it
e. g.
Theme.
If
Answer.
same regulation
is to
to the 5th.
to the
Comes,
i.
e.
it
is to
THIRD SECTION.
166
Answer.
tr
the
If
first
and
Theme.
Dux be
note of the
last
Theme.
j_
tr
tr
or the
key-note, j|~
a similar
change
made
is
in the
answer
viz
Answer.
Answer.
-*
Fourth below, which, of course,
(in the
is
s>
P*
&
T^-\TT^
I
upon
the Tonica shall pass into the Fifth and the 5th into the Tonica,
it
that
becomes
absolutely necessary to alter one note*) in the answer, that the required
interval
may form
Second
of a
the close.
In this
way
Theme.
or
vice vers&
Two
or a Third
Theme.
*)
is
Answer.
a Third
identical notes
Theme.
+
a Third
e. g.
may
is
changed
also
into a
Second
be substituted
for the
e. g.
above intervals
e. g.
Answer.
may be made
a Fourth
e. g.
Answer.
This shews the absurdity, or, to say the least, the imperfection of the rule.
P.
167
e. g.
Theme.
Answer.
Likewise a Fourth
may be changed
into a Fifth;
Theme.
e. g.
Answer.
Or a
e. g.
Theme.
Or
Answer.
e. g.
Theme.
And
Answer.
vice versa;
e. g.
Theme.
Answer.
Or
it"?
WO
\~\
A
Theme.
>*
;
e. g.
Answer.
Answer.
JJ
i68
THIRD SECTION.
The motivo or subject
the Tonica
both
in
this
relation to the
instance,
3Fk*
-fx\9
if
of a
r
r
must be so arranged
that
it
stands in just
Dux, and begins upon the 5th above or the 4th below.
Theme
in B{?
a Second, as follows:
For
FUGUE
4>
(2
izt-zE
At the
this is
first
G
BE
T^!
>
-S<s -r'
IN
165)
Bt>.
rr9*-m-
eifibitif:
is
called a bag-wig*).
The
motive
to
ought, viz: upon^Ef? instead of the note D, with which the answer
(seeing that the Comes has already commenced the restrictio) ought properly
than
it
to begin.
*)
This
is
A German
wondrous generosity!
P.
THIRD SECTION.
170
FUGUE
No.
IN C.
NB.
2.
Comes.
^HE
^t:
-I
(bag -wig.
any port
in a storm.)
IE
-7T7-
First contraction.
-(G_
SEE!
P-n*T
feSfe
last restrictio
falls
upon
171
el Arsi.
The
plagal
FUGUE
IN G.
No. 3.
Dux.
Comes.
=tnz
j=^g
Cadence on the
Dominant.
First contraction.
tz!
ff
L_
Cadence on the
Mediante.
-W-
tt=
Second contraction.
173
THIRD SECTION.
-- &-
-+
Uli^ll^l
As
will
when
minant
the Tonica
is
made
to
is
it
e. g.
usual to vary
the part
commence with
which
the
Do-
them resting upon the lesser Third above the second upon the
in C minor, 1st upon Ef?, 21y upon G.
in A minor,
1st upon C, 2ly upon E. (that is, I say again, if one chooses! for I see no
obligation; and as to the cadences,
the
first
of
for instance,
Fifth;
won't be forced
Unless
to
like to take
make them,
them
THIRD CHAPTER.
Of the
2)
3)
the
Comes
are
made
to re-enter,
in
later.
partly while
The
it is
to
fill
is
going
silent.
(inasmuch as
it is
rarely possible to
bring them all to bear upon one fugue) are the following:
1) The augmentation, (augmentatio) e. g. when the subject which was
at first written in crotchets is
2)
The diminution
etc.
(diminutio) e. g.
way,
viz:
when
minims changed
into crotchets,
is
crotchets
173
3)
motivo
when
(abbreviatio) e. g.
higher or lower.
fugue, and
is
carried on
is
by means of the
made
available
adhered
in
so
to,
If
much
the greater
is
composer.
5)
on
The inversion
inversio) of
it is
which
downwards
will
be more
musical phrase
or figure
which
an
artifice
Here
(in the fuga a tre) the cadences in the middle are omitted, with
subject at
two
been played
when
e. g.
etc.
one which draws the theme and answer nearer together (only one bar
intervening) is best introduced at the end e. g.
that
THIRD SECTION.
Phrases such as these allow of being restricted to a single bar, and
and also per
in Arsi et Thesi
e. g.
175
FUGUE
No.
IN
D MINOR.
1.
^F=
Companion.
Leader.
^S
2S
*-!
Harmon accomp.
:
Inter
Leader.
:
11
all
harmony
the parts.
in
176
THIRD SECTION.
-
me
-""
T*-
tttq
_ffi_
rffn~H3^J^^
tt
1
At ATB. there occurs a repetition with the substitution of a minim for a
semibreve
this is not
pause)
is
2.
h^Cp
IN
to
any case,
FUGUE
NO.
much
fib.
be admired
to
because
be preceded by a
i77
It is
customary
that
it
to place a rest
bolder
relief;
in this instance
it
was impossible
to
all difficulties.)
-j-E-g-y-JT-g-pg
j-
TL^
in
'
H
Repetition.
-traction.
Repetition.
zt
n=^^=
Har: accomp.
-tition.
Inter
har
9 -fo
:
accom.
ftr*
Har
EE^r^EPjEEg
Last contraction.
*)
It is
to
Repetition.
all
P.
12
by
178
THIRD SECTION.
/^
fg
Inter
bar:
FUGUE
IN G.
No. 3.
Comes.
tr
5Sfei^
-f-3-iF 9^^^"Ear
Dux.
Har
accom.
S*-1
Repetition.
1
Dux.
Remark:
Contraction.
so closely
upon one
Har
Inter
ace.
bar
tr
throughout.
Repetition.
_^
fa'-r^r*
*E&=
^Tm-|3g==|B
Repetilion.
179
T~
1"^
'
^y
Last contraction.
I
Repet.
Repetition.
.,
"
m *-f*
+- -
>t==g^^^
Repetition.
FUGA A DUE
VIOLINI
,E
VIOLONCELLO.
No. 4.
Allegro.
1
I
^jj
L&
180
THIRD SECTION.
-ft
zip
=a^=JN=^p~S^
f^-m-r^
JSP
ITT
181
f
h
JE^^-^^lfE3^=^^^t==j^
THIRD SECTION.
182
-$&*p[&f-tf-fpE#srrr^ES&^S^Sig^^
fr
-,--
-^=
'
1
UT
'
'^
4-j
=qi= = i=iizq:^zi
4-f
+J ^iP^'-'f
-
3)
184
THIRD SECTION.
P-
f--*-jj
^==!stEEi
fi
=^^:
185
FOURTH CHAPTER.
Of
Here the several responsive parts may enter in the following order
Soprano,
Bass,
Tenor,
Alto,
Tenor,
Bass,
Soprano,
Tenor,
Alto,
Soprano,
Bass,
Bass,
Soprano,
Alto,
Tenor,
Alto,
meanwhile the
Dux.
relation
Dux.
Comes.
Dom.
Comes.
Dom.
Ton.
Ton.
In working out the fugue the following regulations are generally observed:
\)
When
the piece
spun out by
is
care
means
cadence
all
is
then
made
web
of
(at
its Fifth.
Without pausing at this close, the Dux or Comes may then re-enter,
taken to choose a part in which the subject has not lately
being
i.
up by
of the intermediate
in
To
annexed
a concluding passage
ending in a ristretto i. e.
the subject is repeated in various tonal regions, one entrance being more
quickly succeeded by another than at the beginning. The half-cadence which
3)
occurs here
this is
may
also
be lengthened by a fermata.
If
the original
theme be
much
the better
When
been conducted
in this artistic
186
THIRD SECTION.
keys,
first
it
time to
is
introduce
the final contraction, and
4)
that
may be
it
fairly said
,, finis
this, if possible,
The usefulness
coronat opus!"
of a rest
The
result of
all
this
is
a.
Dux.
b.
c.
k. Inter:
Inter
Dux,
d.
harmony and
harmony,
Imitations.
1.
Dux. m. Comes,
n.
r.
Dux.
o.
Comes,
Organ-point,
s.
p.
Ex-
tended cadence.
A happy
of fugues
preceptor
selection of
to the successful
composition
by
my
1.
No. 3.
No.
2.
No.
4.
etc.
No. 7.
No.
8.
No.
9.
&L_i_^5=zqzz
No. <0.
No.
H.
Authentic,
feriii^zzzri
187
tr
or plagal.
No. 12.
No. 14.
No.
-13.
Answer.
or plagal.
Authentic,
No. 16.
No. 15.
-ES
No. 18.
No. 17.
No. (9.
No. 20.
j
No.
No. 22.
No. 23.
No. 24.
No. 25.
No.
nu. 26.
/su.
No.
r<j. 27.
if.
*0.
No. 28.
I^IU.
.,
,_
I^IU.
*.
.-.a..
No. 30.
^p> _
""^
8
i
THIRD SECTION.
188
FUGUE
No.
IN
A -MINOR.
1.
tr
_-J
TL-.-r-
L
I
189
<a:
ttal*-f-i?-riig-
f-tfgf
F^Pwij
Tp^"-1-^q~-i
r it:
?-\
it
II
1*
f3
190
THIRD SECTION.
hj_
\-
-f
&-
lL_fS_
=F
r
E3ESH
:z=:
^*^
I
^^
THIRD SECTION.
RS
fs
'
3E
ss;
3fi
re
i^i
s
-*c-
zzq -Z^zq
^_q~
zi^rq
==SE^g^i^^z&izi
=
T^ H-r-H-R ^^'-=?1
^=fcrfzz=|
^F
-I
-i
ffl
ffi
<S>
-.
^
II
ft^
^ ^
r=^tor^^-f-T
Effe3^^
:q::
Si
105
fe^
**
m^
m
i
g
~\
r^
pj=i=b
<*
\"f
==^^K=z=ij--JlI
1
fe, g fg
=piBEE^t
-5^
T^\^~(^
-H-Hfii=
-i-1
=j
^^
ffl
HEBEgr
^==1
^g
Beethoveo, Studies.
THIRD SECTION.
*-Tcf=--
ijg_
i_2^a
p^-^^EfeE
ttE
^1
tl
2-
f-
195
:=:
IfefJEJE
EEEE^
196
IMU
THIRD SECTION.
197
ESfeE
3E
*=p
TT-f
|T
^^rvj^E^^^E^^^^^e^
fe
n*-
&
^^rrfl^^
zt=
*--
ii
H^
198
THIRD SECTION.
~-sP*~^-*-|
>s
I-
==1^=^^=^=^^
g^g =F
~
it.
_-. __
199
tfr
t-
IT-
:=
|y
_4^\
|.
200
THIRD SECTION.
tr
itr
4=
fe=^
m
P-^
tr
izki^ita:
y*
t
S
EE
$-f
-TSt"
^
~
r\*
S==Ff
ft*
-fff^fe^
g=jr%fe^L
tTTihJ
-*-*
frirEfragpgEjjg
-*-
-?-:
-*-
ISE
202
THIRD SECTION.
4-^;
3J&
tr~~
_.
T|
m-P r
^jg^jjl-g^
=3=
1^=4=1^==^=:
Hi
*===3
0-P-0-*
fe.
P"*
'
']ib-*
7^ZLJtF-FH:
THIRD SECTION.
fr
ffiK
sos
UOG
THIRD SECTION.
i
i^
^^^=:
r,
"I
=3=
207
--a^^tr--
--P-*-,^
-^->
--^
EEEE
==
5fc
5=3g^
2on
THIRD SECTION.
tr
zdbEit:
9-r&-
1*
for
'
FUGA A QUATRO
5.
VOCI.
Moderate.
re
0-
Do
- na no -bis
'-*
|
no -bis
pa
-al-FH
-n&i
pa
pa
cem
Do-na
no -bis
cem
no
no
Eg
f **~i~^^wr'
Erfl
no-
cem,
|
-l-^s
Dona nobis
bis
pa
cem,
pa
bis
pa
n
-jf_:
bis
pa
cem
dona
cem
cem, pa
do - na no -bis
cem,
nobis
Beethoven
Studies.
pa
cem
pa
pa
cem,
210
THIRD SECTION.
no -bis
do-na
cem,
pa
pa
fe=
0-
do - na nobis
pa -cem, pa
^=sto=^^33
i^gE^g^
no - bis
cem,
pa
cem,
pa
t-
-f
do
cem,
na
>
-*
TH*-
tsi==t
=te==
-
na
cem, pa-
cem, pa
do
do
cem,
na no-bis pa
cem,
Ft=
no -
bis
pa
cem,
do
na no
- bis
pa
cem, do
cem,
- na
no
bis
S
do
na
no
bis
=EEf
EEE
lili
212
THIRD SECTION.
--&3
4=
cem,
Ej%ggg^
life
pa
pa
cem,
cem, pa
pa
a*= :fi=ig^^^^=
T
do
na
ft
- bis
no
pa
=*t Xw^fe=^
^-g-ajjTi
cem, pa
cejn,
cem,
pa
CS5
'^q
cem,
pa-
^Bjy-f g_g-i:
^^g*
^
q-^+fea-^F^^-L^
cem, pa
pa
no
cem,
bis
cem,
pa-cem, pa-
P
no
bis
cem
pa
pa
do-na no - bis
cem,
do - na nobis
-0-
cem, do
na no
do-na nobis
- bis
pa
pa
cem, pa - cem,
cem, pa - cem,
pa
cem,
pa
t=^=Cgg^^B^-g==gg^g^^
cem
pa
cem
pa
cem
no
bis
pa
cem,
do-na
cem,
cem, pa
PE
Lt
do-na nobis
cem,
pa
do
no
bis
pa
pa
na no - bis
cem, pa
cem, pa
cem
pa
cem
pa
pa
cem, pa
cerr
cem
cem
do-na
pa
pa
cem, pa
cem, pa
_2
bis
BEfe
IP
Org. pedale.
214
THIRD SECTION.
-f
'
F-f-F
ea
215
1.
^p^^^^ffiSfffFp
/*--
~T~
fr^EgE
'
EltPf
EE
fe
'
(
^^
'
*-l
Chorale.
&
216
THIRD SECTION.
-fir-
free.
.11
4*
f-
*T^
?*
9*
"
i_j
IP
=t=
g^
<&-
grg
217
-|
Chorale.
E==F
ZZ^?
ZZtt
1
free.
_zj
ji
_d
'
tr
!____1
I
(*?
:=ziit=::
Chorale.
ft
-ff--
T:
218
THIRD SECTION.
Chorale.
*=
free
i^fe
rlE?
s
fer-^
=(==:
free.
#JSl*-r&
(22-
-Jfe
T-S-
^-4^ire^z^^E&-^~H
^H
Htz
^^
= =:
i
-=T:
TJ
gL -r-( g -!g
>
Hfcg
4U,
fs
=^^=^1:
tfi
ll^E
TJ
Sl^
^Er=f=E ^E^^SEg^
:l=
-^
tS
E^E^
:fe
&
g
220
THIRD SECTION.
=P
Chorale.
free.
^- l_j-j^4=t
^ j
j'
^ TI^
EZ^^:=-=:&:]_,*-P-P-=
H 1_^ |IZ_ _i &C-:
(22-S--
ifc
Chorale.
ff=^~
i^^
q-^cz^=q^
^Fft
25!
222
II
THIRD SECTION.
223
i3
Chorale.
=*
ft
-Eaa=r
zfcVgzpa!:
t
fe
SEfe?
<M-
^ZZ
Chorale.
THIRD SECTION.
=3=^
SEtV
Chorale.
m &
--4=-
1-2:
$^
^"J
ipn>
Chorale.
Z22I
^1
fct
Chorale.
225
THIRD SECTION.
Chorale.
tr
-p.-g,
-,
^3ES
^lh-i
(22.
^=P^
G>~
(m
fc
-&-
3EjjE
227
SIXTH CHAPTER.
Of double counterpoint
in the Octave.
in a two-fold
Of
in the
Twelfth;
and Sixth
It
to
which those
bear an intrinsic
(less
common)
when
varieties
affinity.
will
and
the very
first
indispensable, to avoid
its
certain
is
made,
peculiar
g.
notes of longer
difference will
be
The
limits assigned to
overstepped.
When
in the Octave,
quence
other
of this
the
engender a
intervals
new
in
,
phase of harmony.
8765
thus the Unison becomes an Octave
567
4
case of
or
in the Fifteenth
to
each
8
\
That part which is raised higher is called octava acuta; that which
lowered eight tones is called octava gravis; e. g.
is
Octava acuta.
That
is
to
attendant upon
all
*}
say
it is
contrapuntal writing,
more or
which
is
an
evil
P.
less.
15*
228
THIRD SECTION.
Octavo
123*567
or:
gravis.
The
result of
which
is
1)
2)
made extreme,
ning variety.
The Octave
4)
is
never
would be produced by
of which is thin and bad.
,
that
to
be taken
means when
,
at a
skip, because
the Unison
;
the effect
It is
6)
it
at a skip.
or to take
forbidden to
Fifth,
But
especially before
it
at any time.
The Ninth, resolving itself into the Octave, must be avoided,
because at the inversion it would be turned into a Second and First. The
the Sixth
7)
best
remedy
e. g.
229
is
when another
bare octave
interval
taken
is
resolve
to
it;
freely
more
particularly
e. g.
(^
-fi
i*
&
(ff
5*5
HE
163*
Inversio.
new harmony
is
not to be exceeded
because
in
double
ought
to
is
it
?5
=r
r~~
THIRD SECTION.
lioO
oilier
lowered eight
The pure
move
Fifth
is
not
gradually onwards
to
be taken either
at
a skip
into an
octave above
below
is
termed inversio
vel
transposing
it
251
in point of position.
?zrq
THIRD SECTION.
2.V2
Quintadecima
I
gravis
of the Violin,
upper
the \
part.)
Octavo acuta
of the Alto
5670
__JA
Octava gravis
of the
tfTff ffc
"IB
upper part.
Although one
may change
etc.
this
Pricinium or Quadricinium, by adding more parts, (making it three or fourpart writing) this may be effected in yet another way by observing the follo-
wing regulations
\
By using,
2)
motu
If
3)
in
at
a three
instead of C major
may
876
678
note
first
may be changed
mode
e. g.
into Sixths
<&-
-^
-^g.
'
E^^^^^^HE^^
.14571, 34565
>
'
either
only necessary to
from the
is
it
parts
recto or contrario.
to
by
minor,
that the
til
323
113
eic.
SIS
eic.
Octavo, gravis
of the Soprano:
IN
THREE PARTS.
or
mi
or
10
or
or
IN
FOUR PARTS.
g:
^
g;
Ep ^"
-=5=.
E^fegE^g
=Ep
254
THIRD SECTION.
~-&
or
or
<
=i
'm
ES3
^z^ci=g
or
or
<
33
:Et
or
<
Fugue
is
shewn hoV
the
Answer
is
brought in by the
= j=
=z_l
'.
255
1^.
-:
-.-..-
I2Z:
~0
a-0-
^
3.
(g-
NB.
256
THIRD SECTION.
*
g-
^2_
-<s>-
m
IFFF
-ZZL
I3?I
E
f=^
t]
||
238
THIRD SECTION.
The
4)
Fifth in
comes a Sixth by
motu
recto
is
because
it
be-
inversion.
Sixths that change into pure Fifths are allowed in motu recto.
Seventh may be used a due both as a bind and in the regular
The
6)
but
transitus
only as the Decima in a tre. The passing note of Fuchs may
5)
also
in a due.
be used
7)
inversions
8)
part
9)
Third
at
tonic, as is usual
is
it is
made
to lead
customary
the upper
Fifth.
to transpose the
to the
upper part
Sometimes a
same thing takes place with Thirds below or Tenths.
Third above or a Decima is produced simultaneously with a Third below or
the
Decima,
The afore-mentioned
four parts
e.
i.
nothing but
3, 6, 8.'
may be
Thirds or Tenths
other part
j(
(r
259
INVERSIS:
THE CHORAL THEME AS UPPER PART.
The counterpoint
the key of
II
k<
is
in the
exchanged
240
THIRD SECTION'.
'|pE==
or
&
241
THREE PARTS.
it
is
commencement, or to keep it up to the end; the composer may, on the contrary, choose two subjects adapted to inversion, and
combine them at his pleasure, and in any part of the fugue.
inversion at the very
When
cima gravis
the piece begins on the key-note the transposition into the De(the
above, which
is
deep 10th)
will
also allowable
conduct
when
it
Iflffe.
-l^jrp
^4ig:
4qf_,_ji p_
242
EEEEE
THIRD SECTION.
245
or
|J=aF^e"-=^
t:
IP
ig
<
=t-f
t-
q^^
=|iir
:t
^EEEEtE^-i
part.
When
the counterpoint
is to
be made use of
alternately
may be suffered to pause by turns , or to
fill
with
melodic
the
up
phrases, or to move in contrary motion
empty space
to the subject, or to be introduced in some other permissible way, e. g.
,
F^j-r
f-pi^p^-y-^-g
f&
=f^~-^-Fg=4^=rE^
r^
:^-Z=p^=t=^p-
It is
now
to
*J-4i"3
,*--*- -<g
be shewn
how
g3E *
this
3s^
counterpoint
may be used
in the
position.
Theme.
Answer.
^=T=^='-^
T
r."__z
T=^: __ TI zi=
-[-
~F
com-
244
THIRD SECTION.
"*
Although
it
appears as
membered
that, as aforesaid,
it
it is
given as transposed
is
answer belonged to the class of countermay be inverted in the octave) let it be re-
this
if
(because
In the following
first
into the
notes that previously formed the bass are raised an octave higher, in the alto
region with a new fundamental part in the Tenth below.
,
ire
Decima acuta.
Oclava acuta
of the foregoing bass.
=^
-4^Zf_-I=^i& =
FUGUE
IN
SEE
SIEE^EE ==^EE
j~
_ g-fap-jzdd
-r.
BE
No.
No.
2.
No.
3.
4.
243
zq^gg^qgi
^^39
EtH^fc:
-
>-
No.
5.
gE^Eg|5=^
Pt^-sr.
&
^=-^> - =
g-Tl=3=:
4= ^==q
T"g
1
f
^
No.
6.
i
.n
p?
&_
s:
3E=33E=
f_ll
^^
This fugue
terpoint of the
*)
is
short,
to
Beethoven's expression
is
here
(literally)
work
of art.
THIRD SECTION.
Although the examples No.
\, 2, 3,
do not seem
to
be
accordance with
in
and Sixths instead of Tenths, yet they are founded upon the rules
if
this species
they be written as follows, it will be seen
bearing on
No.
2.)
would be exceeded
if
at
No.
it
became neces-
were used,
real Tenths
At No.
made
for the
where
the
stand thus
<=
Jjj
jS>
it
is
should properly,
247
fibM'
,.5-lj^
',
.**''
EIGHTH CHAPTER.
Of double counterpoint
The inversions must be formed
or,
when
in the Twelfth.
as follows
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
H.
12.
12.
11.
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
of the voices:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
When
Twelfth
the Fifth
to these
substituted
is
above numerical
2)
latter
by the
table.
become Sevenths
they
because the
to
be sustained
in arsi.
may be bound.
3)
The
Fourth
may
5)
the
If
as purely identical.
will
be necessary
to
make
the
(in writing a due) begin and end with the Fifth or Twelfth, espe-
is
upper part
above
first
and
into the
last
note
the composition
Duodecimo
may
is to
either
gravis.
be a Unison or an Octave.
manner
to
When
pure Twelfths
by
few bars,
THIRD SECTION.
7)
When
may
is
when
be remedied
can
This defect
inversion occurs.
in
two
Either one
different
when
the
ways
the
,
may
upper
be placed underneath, or a real counterpoint of the Twelfth.
The ligatura of the Fourth the Second , and the Ninth may moreover be
part
is
to
made
HE
^2-
LAWS
LAID
10
12
11
10
10
trnf~
^=r^^T~r~^nV^^r^
h
-^F^-ji=^^=^^^^=Fr68
tee
DOWN.
:z
10
249
Duodecimn acuta
of the Alto.
1234
Octava
localis;
permanent
(ffl.
or
1012
part.
Quintet acuta
of the Alto.
1234
1012
Octava gravis
of the Soprano.
356
10
9876
34S
23
=
5
I-3--
51210
34S
8765
89
10
12
11
45
INYERSIO
1098
Duodecimo, gravis.
543
10
1234
67
10
987
THIRD SECTION.
[I
23
58
108
1Z34
S43
Soprano.
S-
"
~T~~
m
I
due:
-& &3=:.
876
etc.
Duodecimo, vel
Quinta gravis
of both parts.
First
tre:
<
Decima,
First
pop
or:
2o2
THIRD SECTION.
&Dec. gravis.
Dec. acuta.
K
_&--
or:
P^^rj:
E^
,
a due:
&
_^zz?
C4=?-=3
-<5>-
&
'
=z=t
Cum
(SF^=f
H
imitatione.
1~
^g^g
253
1087
('
permanent
part.
1087
i
==T=?=P=$=B^
_3
:r-r- F-T
~s>
-&-
db=
Decima acuta.
a quattro
-#=?=--
~'4=5
Decima gravis.
.^
act
FZ
License.
->-
fe'EfEE
THIRD SECTION.
NINTH CHAPTER.
Collection of examples in all three kinds of double counterpoint.
No.
1.
Counterpoint.
fo
87313
-I
Chorale.
7676
I2686S
363
346 S6S
Chorale.
7376
10
106546789 69363
Counterp. Sva gravis.
26
32
63
No.
2.
Menuetto.
Ft'oWwo.
C.
f.
C. p.
C. p. Octavo acuta.
C.
C.
f.
c. p.
f.
Octavo gravis.
345
65
256
pC
THIRD SECTION.
p. Octavo, acuta.
itd
C.
f.
Octava gravis.
No.
3.
A.
EEEF^EEgsg=J=H-
B.
Duodecimo, gravis.
tt=i=
as
t=f=m
Quinta acuta.
D.
tre:
m
'
Decima gravis
of the
upper
part.
-*--
pi
0.
E.
upper
part.
H
Beethoven, Studies.
257
238
THIRD SECTION.
-T*
f~
-?
fe&fe
C=h
^^C
|-
JZZ
EE
^^
F.
part.
Octava
lower part.
^^
G.
let.
E.
Ff=!^=^
Tertia acuta of the
fundam
part.
let.
E.
:B :
I
s^
?r-f
2$<J
^^t^=i=^te=tt=^^=
^===JEi
fvT-F- F- ^
"
t*-
iHl
pr=ES^=4=tit:
d quattro
H.
^
^^
j-itfe==^==^==EE|z^=====^^EEfi-trr^_-^
i-^
f-r
"T'^^r^r^F*1
Decima acuta
Decima gravis
of the bass.
of the Soprano.
-*
*-
-r
KT=t
i
part.
=tn
-^^
-(5
n*
200
tr-^-=-:
THIRD SECTION.
mn^n
iH
E=E=HEffiEE
Decima acuta.
Dux.
:rl^=Comes.
PHI
Comes.
Dux.
Cowes.
Dec. gravis.
Octava gravis.
EEzEEESiE:
1
Dux.
F?^
iitg^tzt
Decima acuta.
=l'7Ttin'
Comes.
-^-0f
,m
202
THIRD SECTION.
Comes.
Decima
Egggg
acuta.
f=T3
Tertia-
Dux.,
Tertia acuta.
Comes.
3
Duodec. gravis.
/Lb
'
205
J2_
l-2-
Comcs.
Sexta gravis.
Dux.
Bj
Decima acuta.
=i
52-
=tf=Jt
H=t
Dux.
Tertia acuta.
-(2
nzzg^gzBq^E
^-^i
i^
Comes.
'
Comes.
^^^P^fj^^^pg^j
Decima acuta.
Comes.
264
r
3S=j=g
THIRD SECTION.
io^
==t=
^ff2
?J^
.Dwa;.
-x=*.
Sexta gravis.
^_,._rerJta acwto.
g^^NfrEf&H^ffra
Comes.
E^5=^
^i
:^t
-(5--
r==^i=^
rz^=
266
THIRD SECTION.
FUGA
(Another Ex:
of the same.)
No. 5.
Chorale.
Counterpoint.
Chorale.
Counterpoint.
,,
-.__feg~
|ggj===-
\~P~*~
h^'-'l
&
'f
4J5^f=h^
t-
tiq
Chorale.
-&-~
=1
ra:
Counterpoint.
Deciina acuta.
Counterpoint.
aE
Chorale.
jtr
jE
267
268
THIRD SECTION.
-I
(3
Jex-
-i
U-l
m
:t
_*
269
Decima acuta.
^3
=p:
'it
e g;
Decima acuta.
Duodec. acuta.
&3:
^s:
Decima
Octava gravis.
gravis.
=^i=q
Decima
gravis.
I
m^^rEg
VIOLINI,
6.
Dux.
a=
Comes.
ALTO E BASSO.
THIRD SECTION.
270
tr
^5
3%
:=3=4::
=3
^3=
Comes.
)#.
PP
iii
=P=:
*=
P^
Dux.
5E
Come*.
tr
*fe
Dua;.
<^$
*=
=^=\
^^^
Decima
gravis.
~f
T^=
t
Decima acuta.
fcC
Decima
gravis.
272
THIRD SECTION.
fte*
atfct
*=
Tertia aravis.
q=?e= :i=p=a==zzz
3
Fl7_^EE
^f =^zJz-HF =^
fa
4=;
=J
P^-r ^
f-r^r^-
E^^^^^=
^^
:=i^i
yK T
275
274
THIRD SECTION.
1
Leader.
-*=--
&*
-f^f-f-r
fc
==
F^=F^
EE^
MB
g-^
a;
-*gravis.
R^
e*
f"Tertia acuta.
Decima acuta.
EE
278
m
+-+
*-
rs
5^:^
g=jj_iug^
fr
^g^^
Dux.
18*
THIRD SECTION.
*y
*"
==
tr
-s>-
E^
*^-sr-f-
Duodecimo acula.
1
j=HJ^-;H^:gg:
277
TENTH CHAPTER.
Of the
A
inversion.
two ways
first
all
may be
inverted in
e. g.
Subjeclum rectum.
Contrarium simplex.
278
THIRD SECTION.
The inverted contrary (contrarium reversumj
Fa
The
is
changed into
first
obtained by adhering
species
is
is
C,
which
rise
on the
left
and
fall
on
into B-mi,
termed the
flat (or
into A, etc.
Thema.
all
e. g.
instance,
is
strictly to the
Contr. simp
may
occur
e. g.
279
where
the foregoing
is
From
e. g.
From B.
A.
1
-^zrzjizz^iz^g^z^z^
g
F ^
W-
~t==4
s>
contrary, retrograding.
that a
The two
intervals
last
species
in
which no
when
avoided; they
may
also
is
first
trifles?*).
attention
bound
provided that
the
discords be
they afford the means of diverging into other keys in a natural manner
is
proved by
THREE-PART FUGATO
IN
which
is
as
Allegro.
tr
V.
Handel.)
tr
Violino
primo.
Violino
secondo.
Basso.
tr
fM^-^-f^-f"
qjx-tESE&p
Shade
*)
of Beethoven
know
that even
grace
now,
in the
who
year of
regard these
P.
280
THIRD SECTION.
r;
fr
-(22
^
,
281
:_sci
rrA
^^^3
^^^^^^^
^^diB
^^^J
'-
K r\M^_^^^^t__M
282
THIRD SECTION.
*
\
f& fu--a^^-=r-u=r-
+-+ +-++-
*L
BB-
-l
Ej5^E^E^ifa^=fe
?-NT^"
S2 f^pf
*-
i*>>
rn
k^f
p~^-*-*-f*+J-i
rn^f-faE^5^~^*~r
^&^4^zg^^^^-g?^^^:
^H
-t-a*
0-t-gF1
I-
H-
i=e=^
tr
THIRD SECTION.
(3.
^
i
^EE 3=3=
SHE
^t=E
Hi
;tet^
ElE*
^:
ff
283
ELEVENTH CHAPTER.
Of
addition- to those of
double counterpoint
.in
To manufacture
pensable
tave
to
a double fugue with three or four subjects it is indisobserve the laws of three-and-four-fold counterpoint in the Oc-
it
is
customary
to write
occasionally rest.
Secondly
ner, and not
all at
all
move
in a different
man-
e. g.
may be produced by
286
THIRD SECTION.
23
'
good. bad.
bad.
IEEEE
bad.
good.
good.
bad.
334
60S
bad.
it
would be
288
THIRD SECTION.
Or better
at the
very outset
etc.
is to
in the contrary
safest card.
or
improved:
bad.
The
many
interval that
parts
If
by the
is
free part
pose (or string the changes of) a double fugue with three subjects in six
ways and one with four subjects in four and twenty ways, without making
,
use of the counterpoint of the Tenth and Twelfth But in order to be sure
and not to make one's reckoning without the host
of succeeding
as the
!
is
saying
Sound
To
this
transpositions
witt
it
be advi-
nice
work
for a Poet of
Upper
281)
Middle part.
part.
Middle part.
Upper
part.
Lower
Lower
part.
part.
Lower
part.
Upper
part.
Upper
part.
Lower
part.
Middle part.
Middle part.
Middle part.
Lower
Lower
part:
Middle part.
Upper
part.
Upper
part.
part.
be the
result.
NO.
1.
SUBJECTS.
THIRD SECTION.
='
Secondary
trans: of
F?
=t==^i
jEE
i
inrT~~P=E
the same.
3(8
Third
primary
trans
<
Secondary
trans
of
the same.
E ABOVE FUGUE
WORKED
OUT.
ite
Thema
C.
Th. A.
^E
7%. B.
TAcwia ^.
291
Th. C.
S*
-H*^
^-
s-F-*r-
*-i~>
=ZI^I^^Bfe=j
Th. B.
S
Th. B.
JA. 4.
Th.
Th. C.
i
Decima
Decima
gravis.
Th. A.
gravis.
Th. A.
Th
(Semirestrictio.)
A.
al rovescio.
Th. B.
Th. B.
Th. A.
Is
..
-)
- >""^-f-
-|
^===rf^=^ig:frg
^<s> 1-^ M~+~tlM
al rovescio.
Th. A.
Sexta grav.
Th. C.
Dec. gravis.
THIRD SECTION.
E=j
1^^
TA.
PE
5*
,4.
Si SI
^
i
Dec. acuta
*
Th. A.
-^
^-rg-^
3=
^= r- uf "^rT
f
acwfa.
77i.
B.
Th. A.
'^
Decima
-t^f
Decima
gravis.
'<-
gq
^^EE=E3
gravis.
295
Th. B.
&
^-]
77
Th. C.
Tertia gravis.
Th. C.
Th. A.
Bi~
g-
(Restrictio.)
n
|
>
--
Th. B.
Th. A.
Th. C.
^-g--,-Jfr_,_g
^
j,
---
_!?_
B.
Tertia acuta.
.
c.
Sexta gravis.
C.
-i
?PfT~|
294
THIRD SECTION.
c.
&p=
Th. B.
TA. B.
f%efi
Tertia gravis.
Th. A.
Th. A.
=t=
Decima acula.
E^E
H*
--f-f
r-'te*^
-=D
S^tec^nttjt
|^^^
r
1898
Th. B.
Th. C.
Th. B.
Th. A.
:::t
Decima
Th. A.
gravis.
;=t
^1
3.
Th. A.
C.
Th. B.
:
^PE
1-
^g=i
Th. A.
Ft==
-::;:":
SEE:
Tertia acuta.
-
-f
-(a
it*
iE=Jg=^
7A. C.
B.
^^
Tertia gravis.
**M
=|
296
THIRD SECTION.
r
"[..
A-?
tr
e
Th. C.
TA.
,4.
N'
&m
i
z^zn:
No. 2.
ji.
L
^--^-n-r^rg
x5
^
is
297
?=l!lEEEig
c.
-^-
ii=
C.
...
fS.
>9
^2
_.
|2fce=g^=e
P&3EZBt
Hi
1
\-&-
afci
&
298
THIRD SECTION.
B.
*=s
3Et=EES=^
JHuJz:
C.
3E
75^
BEE
-(=2.
i3i
5.
-tf2
::
nP?
'
290
300
THIRD SECTION.
A.
^^ = =I=&=3
=t
a.
}>/
c.
A.
<3>~
3=^EE==fe
'*
f=r==pg gg3m=z==i
+-=z=
:
501
i3=
1
-J
tt^-
J
j
^^j^i-^zj
Decima acuta.
-q
=j
B.
S^
fc:
T-*
A.
:i==J
_-
"^
*^^^
B.
c.
c.
4.
:i===zr=z=z^=q=z|^2z=i
4=g=^-_g=gg^igEEE|
-?K-
fi.
THIRD SECTION.
B
,4^4-p-g-T*
g.
r ir
i-f
d-hj
^-H^
*r?
c.
A.
c.
^=^4riS
:t
Sexto, acuta.
A.
1~
TeL.fJfi^=
itt]
"Td"
303
TWELFTH CHAPTER.
Of the Canon.
The
Unison
viz
last.
also
is
Canon
make
i.
e.
in
but in some of
certain exceptions
and varia-
the like.
different
The
finite, in
2.
The
infinite,
to
in the
is
note to the
be found necessary
will
it
Here
tions.
first
these cases
made
is
at
pleasure
at
any point of
division.
The augmented.
The diminished.
3.
4.
The shut canon, where the entrance of the parts is indicated only
by signs and the whole strain is written continuously in one line without
5.
pauses.
The open canon, where each part stands above the other, together
the rests required up to the point where the voices severally enter;
6.
with
i.
all
e. in
7.
8.
triple,
part canon.
9.
in a circle,
or round;
the organisation of
\
which
like
all
other
kinds of riddles, are easier to invent than to solve, and seldom*) repay the
time and trouble spent upon them. In former times people considered it
meritorious to cudgel their brains with such laborious
is
really
grown
The Canon
little
wiser
in the
now
Unison
trifles
is
Never.
e. g.
P.
504
THIRD SECTION.
NO.
1.
SOPRANO VOICES
Allegretto.
E^
This
is
a shut or locked canon, the third part being written after the
first.
*.Trf*
it
commencement.)
h^
ban^M
'
'
and the
it.
may be
LJ
repeated
an open canon
it
must be
to
sing
it.
Beethoven
Studies.
20
To make
506
THIRD SECTION.
Dal segno
and
after
alternating.
No. 2.
Andante.
/TV
,t
507
~r~r-pG=;=i
earth
'tis
sweet
rest
to
sweet
rest
to
sweet
rest
to
OPEN.
arms
In love's soft
'tis
sweet
rest
to
sweet
to
sweet
rest,
to
rest
In an -
y place
the
weary
head
is
H*
In
love's
soft
arms
sweet
'tis
to
weary
&-
rest,
^-!
head
is
fain
to
rest
In
mo
- ther
earth'
Us
^E&
li
sweet do
rest
sweet
to
rest
In
an-y
In
love's soft
arms
20*
-9-
'tis
508
THIRD SECTION.
m
sweet
rest
to
sweet to
gEp^g^PHf
head
is fain to rest,
the
rest
weary head
is
sweet
to
rest
Sfi
**:
rest!
to
fain
2zt
sweet
rest
to
sweet to
rest
sweet
to
No.
Moderate.
3.
Canone
rest
parts;
e. g.
a quattro voci.
=t
-
m
SHUT.
SOU
OPEN.
^3
-=-*f
i-*-- --F""*-
ts*E
.!
JW
r
f
-Li-^-4
f L
^~^
-.'
m,
-*-
-^1
-f^^r-'^f-
=1==}
/
-^~^
^p^li
i
510
THIRD SECTION.
II
-jrj*\
B-
511
THIRD SECTION.
312
bar, as the Fifth below the preceding part, or Octave below the Alto.
According to the second form of composition the canon would stand thus
The
figures indicate
that of
(8)
the
Tenor
in
below.
NO. 5.
A SIMILAR EXAMPLE.
Second below.
-\-m
f^-^
Fourth below.
315
6.
is
CHROMATIC CANON.
yet
more mystical;
it
is
generally written
a sort of problem to be
worked out,
till
This
a lucky
in pure harmony.
The leading thought must be transposed into all the intervals above and
below by inversion and contrary tnotion with a sprinkling of rests and
breathing points; retrograding and by the inversio cancrizans; augmented
hit
and diminished
clefs of the
made use
of,
And what
Macedon.
is
to untie the
the advantage of
all
of
this?
profitless
endeavours.
FRAGMENTS.
Hints for vocal composition.
soprano.
in Tutti
only
to
^ ^
or at most B.
Mezzosoprano
Alto:
The
first
G.)
It
Tenor:
The three
Baritone or
high Bass.
Deep Bass
*)
**)
last
o=
2l_J
for
A good standing
Not always.
rule,
P.
P.
FRAGMEiNTS.
It
notes
is
to
difficult
the voice
is
In the second
The
is
F.
zfczzzpTZirri:
The high G
to
produced
third register
in the
above the
hm
*
from
to
5=
^
t
FRAGMENTS.
L
3_U-f-
*_|
^-4
-^fl_^=^z|
517
FRAGMENTS.
write:
For-sa-ken.
For-sa-ken.
Dis-pera-ta Porzia
al ve - der spirar lo
'
spo-so
pas-so
len-to
lo
mm
^fct-rt*-^-$=^
fin all'
segue
a - re-na
non sa-ziu
di
^^=Jjp
r
H-g
co
1
L-u
ra
in-
ghiollir
di
do
4
2
lor
t>
=gsz:
car -bo
ni
^
sue
lab-bra
con
tui
ac-cen-ti.
>
L.
EEEjEi^
The following are bad phrases
of recitative
-* _
~r
f-m..iigip g-i
'
Ifr.
ttr~
-<
<
u~
"
^rJ^i
~
ti
in -
terrom-
nq
-fc
pen-do
r
-
br
ziizk~
arden
FRAGMENTS.
518
Short hurried sentences
De-il
Harmonies
di -
fen-di?
sog-no?
to express
6
And,
me
tu
de-sto?
The
son
rise
and
fall
decrease of emotion
.6
e. g.
%-.
*-'
pg=P=
Apollo,
di
Ma
Amante
cie - lo
che veg
go
Dafne.
mat?
frondo-se
di -
vengon
\>i
9e
le
tue
mani;
dal-le
membra
#*====
319
FRAGMENTS.
lu -di
di - spie - ta - ta
ram-mi
A
ny
striking effect
is
lei,
to
vi-vo,
se in
Milan ve-de-'
falling
e. g.
Ah,
my Em-ma - nu-el
Re-deem-er!
>-
r4fe
stringgling with his
sorrows,
full
lies,
de-jec-ted,
^E
of
an-guish,
yet
re-sign'd!
3PCZ
low he
^|
~
;
I
i
tr^5
^gy~
Ime-
520
FRAGMENTS.
E5QE^5E8EE^ESE^EE3i
.zn_u-i^-^-g^= b=tfcd
ne-o
fo-ste presen-ti
di-fen-de-te
nu-mil
la,
:t
The expression
He
is
rescued
- le
e. g.
girl,
i^
zrb
by
power,
think, (with
improved
-p~E.
ci: zjjfcz2nir
It
yonder heav'n
swear,
^-
?&
i<
B-
g*
._g=p_gq-^=
with love's
al-migh-ty
power!
some
in the following
manner
A
1
CONTRASTING EMOTIONS.
y
_-iff
..
^ESS=f
t*^
1^
Sposo
-ir
confes
*)
figlio,
me-ta
-de
Grimo-al-do cru-dell
r
(che so?)
I/-
miei sos-pi-ri!
'
- sar-t i -
fc
cliiederli- (o
Diol)
ir
The same words are retained in the German version (which was not possible
and the improvement consists merely in a more correct accentuation of
in english)
the syllables.
P.
521
FRAGMENTS.
i?^
gf
pt-^
T _^
fr
____rl^
t3
t7
sa - cri
- zio
fi
pa - dre
la
BS_
_J^
4j
~-Z^
P-
leg
- ge
.,
;
^_k-_^_
HEH**
-^ra^t^^te^^^^ =
:-J-g- g
U-
sor-<e
con-
la
__ Vs
k<
(o leg-gel)
sa-
spo-sa!
-,
=tz=
ohsor-te!
-(C/_
full
close
is
made by means
JL,,
-f:
at
the
of the bass-cadence
same time
V-
-V-
Let
thy brother
now em - brace
theel
1=4=
;
e. g.
~~T
Beethoven, Studies.
'tis
well
:~^
'
FRAGMENTS.
522
Con-sol'd he
- ses
ri
'
up, strengthen'd
fcj&Ft
an
gels
by gracious whispers
of
i=fe=*
air,
and
lo!
his
foil'
aJ
fe
lie
up - on the
grass,
if
*
rzs*
of
525
FRAGMENTS.
'
'
Minor.
=1
is
that
Mes-si-ah?
is
that Mes-si-ah?
is
that
Mes-si-ah?
*f
am
bis
am
Friend?
his Friend?
am
.
for-sa-ken?
%
What form
is that,
so
faint
and
pe
What form
rish-ing?
is
that,
so
faint
and
pe- rish-ing?
bf,
to
the sense
upon a substantive, verb, pronoun, adjective, or adExclamatory questions will be most happily expressed by a skip
the accent
may
fall
as for instance
21*
FRAGMENTS.
Several sorts of exclamations.
Sposa
figlio,
ger-ma-na, a-mi-co,
oh
Dial
tanti
be-ni in un-dil
t
'Tis
Sogno ?
on
ly
one
non desta
that
oh
fol
Dei !
lows af-
ter
freddo
Je - sus
ge-lo
b
hut sad
and
ri-cercan-do mi
325
FRAGMENTS.
Andante
-4
for
two
(a Torso or Fragment.}
:U
Zfat
same instruments.
(Overture
by
G. F. Handel.)
t)
520
= 2:
-j
r-
"
l-
-d
* 0* ^&*
"'
"""^
J.^
677
"^ ^^
*^
527
so/o.
FRAGMENTS.
tr
mP-PM-
'
>l
T-fj
^ ^
~r
APPENDIX.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
German
of
I.
v.
SEYFRIED.)
where
his father
was
at
Bonn,
The boy
*)
dis-
played at a very early age a strong passion for music, so much so that his
observant father thought it right to teach him the elements of the art at the
commencement of his fifth year but finding in a short time that his own
knowledge was not sufficient for a genius whose progress was unusually
;
rapid
who was
Bonn. After
Court-organist
of
NEEFE
by
the
Archduke MAXIMILIAN of AUSTRIA, the then Elector of Cologne. This wise pre-
made
ceptor
tier
who
styles of composition
already
life to
boy,
at the
age of
ral songs,
for the
pianoforte
and
his
power
of
was
however
that of improvisation
(of
on the
which GERBER
*)
to
name
the 16. of
December 1772
as his
birtli-r
BEETHOVEN spoke,
of BACH.
however,
much more
reverentially
of
HANDEL than
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
was
title
of
own works
in
England
he entrusted BEETHOVEN
to
the care of the learned theorist ALBRECHTSBERGER, then director of the music
at the
was
first initiated
into the
mysteries of counterpoint*).
The earnest
is
attention
incontroverlibly proved
editor
school; and
appended to each
which would have been superfluous.
to
reject or ridicule
posthumous
as 50 or 60 examples
the publication of
scarcely necessary
made him
many
many
of perusal,
are quite in character with the habit he always retained of clothing his
most
now
though
forgotten
WOELFL appeared
rival
(at
almost as great a height as in the case of GLUCK and PICCINI at Paris**). The
amiable prince LICHNOWSKT was the most distinguished of BEETHOVEN'S adherents
and the accomplished Baron RAYMUND VON WETZLAR the most zealous
whilher he had
*) BEETHOVEN made a short stay at Vienna, in the year 1790
gone for the sake of hearing MOZART, to whom he bad letters of introduction.
BEETHOVEN improvised before MOZART, who listened with some indifference, believwith his characing it to be a piece learned by heart. BEETHOVEN then demanded
,
ambition, a given theme to work out; MOZART, with a sceptical smile, gave
him at once a chromatic motive for a fugue, in which al rovescio, the countersubteristic
double fugue lay concealed. BEETHOVEN was not intimidated, and worked
out the subject, the secret intention of which he immediately perceived, at great
length and with such remarkable originality and power that MOZART'S attention was
ject for a
and his wonder so excited that he stepped softly into the adjoining room
where some friends were assembled, and whispered to them with sparkling eyes
,, Don't lose sight of this
young man, be will one day tell you some things that
rivetted,
will surprize
**)
Or
of
you !"
HANDEL and BUONONCIM
in
London.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
patron of
palace of
WOELFL
the
Schonbrunn
latter
possessed a delightful
where he entertained
all
villa
the native
two
these
to
aftistical
though without animosity, and let their imagination run wild in all manner
of capriccios and vagaries of fancy, sometimes playing duets, sometimes
working out themes which they had mutually proposed and that so finely
,
they could have been written down they might have belonged to those
works which posterity does not willingly let die." As far as mechanical
that
if
improvisation
already
own
and compelled the spirits to obey him. Somethe keys with such force as to break a string or two,
,
fancying he had an orchestra under his fingers; then he would sink back,
and fall into a fit of melancholy. Every shade of feeling was expressed by
him with equal mastery, but he inclined more to pensive than to joyous
strains and his playing was less easily understood and appreciated than that
,
of
flowing
means
to a certain
end
who
have heard HUMMEL play will understand this. The unprejudiced listener found a peculiar pleasure in quietly
observing the two noble friends of the musicians who rivalled each other in
the attentions and delicate courtesies which they lavished upon their favourites**),
and
which both
artists
There was no envy or jealousy between them, nor did they care much
panegyrics of their patrons, because they respected each other's
for the
*)
**)
Literally translated.
artists
and think
yourselves wonderfully condescending if you give them a place at the second table,
read this and profit by the example.
p.
,
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
powers
world
wide enough
is
alas
for
is
not universal
who run
all
among musicians
!)
that the
well remunerated both as pianist and composer, he chose. Vienna for his
who had
his
household
his
affairs
of
for
to
have created
larged
its
it
and MOZART
both resident
it
whose comprehensive imagination had ennew dignity, were his contemporaries, and
BEETHOVEN
Vienna.
at
He enjoyed
totally incapable.
to
peculiar advantages
in his friendship
still
farther;
he
members
of Prince
RASUMOWSKY'S
private band. To these skilful players BEETHOVEN used lo shew his Quartettcompositions as soon as completed and fully explain to them his ideas re,
garding the lights and shades of expression which he desired in the perfor-
mance; by
this
means
the Quartetts
spirit
a unity of purpose
know
The
opened
instructive intercourse
to
him many
made
an Opera.
to
him
to write
which he arranged
after the french drama ,,L'amour conjugal," and entitled Leonore or Fidelio.
BEETHOVEN promised to compose the music for the operatic company of the
theatre ,,an der
and where he
At
Wien,"
now
this time
set to
in
libretto
gratis
work
the editor of
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
magnitude, his childlike disposition, purity of mind, and profound goodness of heart were to me a continual source of fresh enjoyment. All the
first
works
that his
two years
composed
for
performance
at
own
benefit
,,Fidelio," now so widely celebrated, was first produced under very unfavourable auspices. Not only were the parts entrusted to vocalists who were
unequal
to
the task,
already distracted the attention of the public. For the performance in the
theatre at Prague
now
BEETHOVEN wrote
new and
less difficult
Overture, which
in
in
present form and reduced to two acts whereto was superadded the fine
overture in E-major
which , however was not completely copied out
its
the
first
of Athens," in
of the
first act,
march
for
in Z?J7, the
exist
it.
BEETHOVEN
also
,,
Ruins
composed,
zetto in
{?,
In the year
conductor
at
to
which was
accept the
office of operatic
all
life to
offered to
him;
for
at Vienna.
ghing up
this
appointment the Archduke RUDOLPH (afterwards Cardinal-Archbishop of 01miitz) and the Princes LOBKOWITZ and KINSKY, made BEETHOVEN the generous
,
offer of
an annual pension of
50.*)
the
document
to the
in
which the
cheapness of Vienna
joint offer
at that time,
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
8
was made
to
This
of equal value (that of Cassel being of inferior value) or, should this not occur, until his death
annexed being
dominions.
remain
to
He remained,
unceasingly
at
Vienna
to the great
to build
up the temple
away
to the
of his
unknown
own
immortality
and
left
us,
ful
Who
can regard that sacred spot without feelings which make him return
a better and a wiser man? But who, alas, can see it without lamenting
home
Many were
received; a medal
lorle
the marks
of high consideration
was struck
in
honour of him
at Paris, a fine
grand-piano-
so rare
of the royal
Swedish Academy
that
now
fell
all
of Music , as also
of
caused his deafness developed itself, indeed, very gradually, but refused,
from the very first to yield to any means adopted against it
and at length
,
ended
which rendered
oral
communication
per grew
tendency to melancholy increased to hypochondria, and his temand uncertain. His only pleasures lay in reading, compo-
irritable
and taking walks into the country of which latter recreation he was
remarkably fond. A small circle of faithful friends formed his only society.
By degrees he began to suffer from other physical evils, which compelled the
sing
once so robust and healthy man to seek medical aid. Dr. WAWRTJCH, an eminent clinical Professor, left nothing untried which could alleviate the suffer-
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
ings of his honoured patient
for
of dropsy
symptoms
He died
at 6 p,
effect,
this
and
a young
man
to
whom
ledged none as his pupils except his nephew, the Archduke RUDOLPH, and the
talented FERDINAND RIES.
ed, was inherited by his nephew. His compositions especially during the
later years of his life, were well remunerated, and he received very considerable sums for the copyright of his Symphonies, Quartetts, etc. from the
,
and
Moreover
to several of the
How
highly BEETHOVEN
at
Vienna
said
the
that
whole of the
civilized
is
cities of
truly
be
Solemn
The
which
obsequies,
to
is
have been
is
in
love***).
The chief
in
most of
his portraits f)
to
***) This
i)
is
The
is
an error.
portrait
by KRIEHUBER
faithful
22
10
in spite of his
Lower
that
He once took
results.
he might enjoy,
the Switzerland of
was
freighted, with a very small proportion of furniture certainly, but on the other
hand with an immense mass of musical matters. The lowering machine was
in
in extasy the
the
Composer had wandered in the long interim but at length about twilight
at his chosen Tusculum
perspiring at every pore covered with
;
he arrived
awaited him
adventure
two hours
ties
what a spectacle
for his
in
and having
it,
shot
down
must sleep
his
entire
own
stable
market
by Luna's beams
posit
them under a
was
called
by
the watch,
safe shelter.
When the Composer brought out his Fantasia for the first lime with
an Orchestra and Chorus , he directed at the usual hasty rehearsal that the
,
in his
own
first part,
1i
last,
did not
Leader, ANTON WRANITZKY, unwillingly asked ,,with the repeat?" ,,Yes" was
echoed back and this time things reached a happy conclusion. That he had
,
to a certain
and
performance
to
had a
for their
and
abstraction.
The more
his
want
of hearing
and
his
(in
latter years)
his increasing
derangement of bodily health, got the upper hand, the oftener did every fresh
symptom bring with it the martyrdom of hypocondriasis. Then would he
begin to complain of the deception and treachery of the world, of its wickedness falsehood and suspicion he would exclaim that there were no longer
,
any
intelligent beings to
honsekeeper. Suddenly he took the resolution of becoming indepenand this strange idea like all others was no sooner formed than it
faithful
dent ,
was
bought
eatables.
would
and
work
set himself to
Thus he went on
He went himself
for
to
prepare
some time
to
,
with his
own hands
his
own
whom
he
in
would happen,
host
to arrive
fail
in expectation of
what
They found
their
in a dressing-gown,
his
night-cap, his
stately
waist girdled with a cook's blue apron, and fully occupied at the stove.
After an hour and a half s trial of patience , during which the imperious
demands
of
chat, dinner
which
is
hunger could
was
at
with' 'difficulty
warmed through
and
be
kept
down by
lively
chit-
fit
at
hotels;
the beef
was
scarcely
the vegetables
12
swam
in a reservoir of
recommence
the attack
upon every
and endeavoured
dish,
to
luctant visitors, both by his own example, and by the most extravagant
praises of the delicacies set before them. These however, after having con,
trived to
Composer, soon
rable repast,
model.
and made
memo-
after this
tired of his
As
adventures in the kitchen. He voluntarily resignthe housekeeper was reinstated and her master returned to
grew
ed the sceptre
his desk,
satisfied
own
to
culinary preparations.
Woe
to the
was
for
numerous
gesticula-
reached. So
when
the sound
on
tiptoe almost to a
appeared as
if
muscle seemed
As
his
giant height,
iito
flight
his
the clouds;
curred, the Conductor beating in one time and the band accompanying in
another. Piano passages
were most
;
all
was
easily
conveyed
to
him
of the Fortes he
indeed
is
seldom
imagination.
to
be met with
in
any composer
of real genius
and
fiery
15
by
performance of Operas,
he was
took place in the beautiful Theatre on the Wien, which he preferred visiting
it was so
conveniently near to his own dwelling. Thither was
because
and upon such occasions he planted himself against the back of the Orchestra,
and remained as mute as a statue, till the last note had been played. This
silence, however, was the only sign by which he showed that the composition
when on
interested him;
things
was
it
difficult,
first
the contrary,
It
Above
was generally
silent,
and,
to all
spirit alone
marble.
was
is
all
pearance
it
restlessly at
work
its
fleshly
tenement seemed
aphis
like soulless
bursts of laughter.
seldom knew
aware
that
how
It
to
was only
pity
that those
he was accustomed
to laugh
think
no orchestra
in the
at
openly
his
own
secret
thoughts
who
to that class
of vain musicians,
was
strict in
nuances,
the most
ideas,
mouth
finest
and
moment
thundering bravi
lutti
of triumphant self-consciousness
14
even
this
to his
patiently.
change of time
in
been
all
and
nothing less,
that
along prepared for it;" and he showed childish joy at the feat, as
he expressed
of
it,
,,
in the scherzos
his Fidelio,
he
lived, as
tion of his
new
compositions
for
the
produc-
works, which even then had attained to celebrity. Upon the production of his
G and E flat, he invited the Editor of this work,
his
to turn
covered as
He had
in fact
it
nobody
else could
being the state of things we came to the agreement that I should before he
reached the bottom of each page , be warned to turn over. During the performance however, the Composer, then still cheerful and alive to the enjoy,
ment
any harmless joke and innocent roguery, could not deny himself the
pleasure of putting me into a fidget and delaying the promised signal as long
of
as possible
that
generally
till
music atoned
for the
my
Amongst his favorite dishes was a soup prepared like a panada, upon
which he was accustomed to regale himself every thursday for this purpose
;
he required that ten fresh eggs should be brought to him on a plate which,
before they were broken, he held up to the light and marked one by one, in
,
If it
was decreed by
perceive, in
ensued.
if
half an
ear, behind
\voe
the
her!
for
threshold;
followed
and
neither
soft
was sure
13
meet her on
to
Without a
little
down his ideas upon the inby chance this was referred to in
Arc's*) words ,,nicht ohne meine
If
Fahne darf ich kommen" and with a tenacity quite surprizing did he adhere to this self-imposed law, though in all other respects his household
presented an admirable scene of confusion. Books and Music were strewn
there sealed
here the remains of a cold breakfast
about in all directions
or half-empty bottles
yonder upon the desk the rough sketch of a new
near
it the last new poem or romance.
On the piano might be
and
quartett,
on the table
seen the half-finished Score of a symphony as yet in embryo
private
and business
latus
Composer had
the habit,
(in
fact,)
all
of boasting, at
the eloquence
of a Cicero.
that
cove,
for,
letters
It
another.
,,that is
all
my
the misfortune!
a similar negligence
He
frequently made himself merry at the expence of his illegible handand said as an excuse, ,,Life is too short to allow one to paint letters
and notes**). ,,Schonere Noten brachten mich schwerlich aus den Nothcn."
writing,
The whole
till
was
16
in
employed
was devo-
ted to reflection, and the arrangement of his ideas. Scarcely had he swallow-
ed the
last
moment some
fresh inspiration)
accustomed walk
to take his
felt
at the
e.
he ran
i.
as
light of
my
genius than
his intimate
friends,
an opinion upon his compeers in art. What he thought of the undermentioned masters shall be communicated in his own concise words.
to let fall
is
,,CHEBUBINI
me
to
Operatic Composers.
most worthy
the
of attention
of the
among
Requiem
all
I
living
entirely
and should
agree
,,MOZART'S greatest
himself a
work
is
the Zauberflb'te
German Composer.
he
Don
first
and,
folly of so
,,
show
Italian
cut,
to the
scandalous a subject."
HANDEL
is
all
masters!
effects
Go home and
learn
were produced."
He received from
for
*)
Very probably
inasmuch as he
wa s
a genius
P.
17
by deputy. The
dent,
my
manu
If
entreaties
were
word
his
him
will
keep
propria."
requisite to bring
it
himself, pressing
and repeated
Before he began to
to the pianoforte.
play he would then strike the keys with the palm of his hand, run over them
summer
some
had the
some miles
wind, back
effect of
distance
to
foreign guests
that
he became
quite angry,
house
the
all
nobleman, he was to
little tricks,
visit to
of
imprisonment
in the
as
the
to
town
night to a
on the wings
at
of the
The
irritated
Composer threw
it
out of
the window.'
As JOSEPH HAYDN'S
less
illness increased,
BEETHOVEN
visited
him
less
troublesome
was he
for a constant
him
established in a
new
he
and
that
dwelling
when something
loss.
change
was very
Scarcely
or another displeased
After
spent
money
to
remarks on his
,,a
clever Scene-painter."
18
Alaitre de chapelle
being at Vienna, would on no
without having made the acquaintance of BEETHOVEN.
city
excursion to Baden
liltle
abode
at
which
summer, and Mr. SELLNER, (the Professor in the Conservatorio) Mr. CONRAD GRAF, the Court
Pianoforte-maker, and a warm friend of BEETHOVEN'S, Mr. HOLZ, were the
place the
guests honored
by an
his
for the
No sooner were
invitation.
host
after
welcome
of their expectant
,
the unanimous
as the
all
fancy of
the
moment,
were lo be
to tire
reach, wandered over the rich extent of country, spread before it like a
carpet. Then the humorous Composer, seizing with a firm hand upon
the arm of one of his companions ran at full speed down a nearly perpen,
dicular height,
who
down
at
slipped
after
in
its
rich
himself,
own
and copious
Amphytrion was
libations
of Johannisberger
the
memory
of
inserted below.
jovial
this enjoyable
He was
in the
some pains
the joke*)
Kiihl
*)
KCULAU'S
nicht
lau,
nicht
of the
lau,
Kiihl
19
and
as
bassa.
loco.
Kiihl
nicht lau,
Kiihl nicht
lau,
nicht
Kiihl
lau,
to
now and
lau.
Think
nicht lau.
Champagne mounted
that the
then elevates
do not in
nicht
Kiihl
lau,*
m 8a
must confess
nicht
Kiihl
lau.
any demand.
/~N
Many who during BEETHOVEN'S life, and even up to a much later date,
were accustomed to move in the higher circles of Vienna, will not fail to
Ambassador from the King of Saxony to the
was a friend of art and artists, and spoke
intercourse with the celebrities of his day. The worthy
unreservedly of his
old
present
at
the
first
young
of the Zauberflote
representation
With BEETHOVEN
also he
had come
and once
who con-
was not
synonymous with
real
WEBER
it
tedious, bombastic,
all
living
Composers envied
of this success,
had re-
title
of
,,the
of
But the
poet of the Freyschutz was sharp enough to perceive that good music is
requisite before all things, to ensure the success of an Opera, and ex-
pressed
in
a conversation with
BEETHOVEN would
to
me
(at
Teplitz)
how
glad he should be
if
like to write
undertook
to
sound
20
BEETHOVEN
for
as soon as
it
answer
him upon
was
possible
kept
if
Kind were
to look
it
is
promise. BEETHOVEN
my
much
public, but
although
to
me
that the
My
come when
this
believe
it
peculiar element.
my
is
feel sufficient
Symphony
made me
music.
to
know
am
it
am
my Fidelio,
When I have
it
evident
is
music in
my
head
it
is
the worse of
me
for
it,
him
but
to
much
inordinately, so
so, that
were put
made
to
but
feel
little
express concerning
that
Composer
into his
cannot for
we were
both
still
young,
little
known
as a
Prince LOBKOWITZ.
we happened to be together at
gentleman who thought himself a great
composer
all
and
inclinations.
wish" said BEETHOVEN, with his native candour," that I was relieved from
the bargain and sale of publication
and could meet with some one who
,
could pay
to
life
the house of
connoisseur,
me
publish exclusively
tion.
believe
that
GOETHE does
life,
wrote
this
for
and
with GOTTA
and
if I
him."
,,My
expected that you ever will be, for such masters will not be born again."
BECTHOVEN
and
pretty
word
to
pened
to
and said
draw BEETHOVEN
into temperate
modes
manner, when the conversation once happerson, ,,My dear BEETHOVEN the gentleman did
in a friendly
here to
wound you;
is
it
Jil
spirits as the
,,So
men who
much
universal fame
and
trust in
me
because
am
as yet
with /
,,but
unknown
to
'their
heads
and overbearing. Had these gentry been able to look into the future, they
would have been a little ashamed of themselves.
of
Dr. ALFRED JULIUS BECHER*) related the following anecdote, for the truth
which he was ready to vouch.
BEETHOVEN had received the most flattering proofs of distinction from
England
,,
pose, nor
to estimate
know how
,,but
am
to
com-
of another
opinion."
BEETHOVEN answered
compositions of
muneration
for
mine
them
sarcastically
and have sent me handsome reGermans with the exception of the Viennese are
appreciate me, and the French find my music beyond
the
only
now
their
lish
beginning
to
it is
know
to
Is
it
an end.
BEETHOVEN was
and
soul.
own way
Poets of
*)
One
of the
members
his favorite;
of the
,,
Amongst the
Scott.
1.
Eng- ^V
22
Of the
and
of the
Sciences , he possessed
without
priding himself upon it, more than a merely superficial knowledge. In the
circle of his intimates he spoke out freely upon politics , and with such
were
These
his distinctions.
and he
required them at the hands of others. ,,As good as his word" was his favorite saying, and nothing angered him more than a broken promise. He was
warm
at the
life;
it
was only
in
its
full
artist,
interfe-
world was
fering with his natural bias for benevolent actions. Whilst half a
his
fawn upon you." He was a proud man, and evidently agreed with his favourite poet GOETHE in belief of the adage ,,trust yourself, and others will
trust
you."
His extreme sensitiveness on
frequently caused
suddenly
left
him
some
to neglect the
commonest
rules of courtesy; e. g. he
him with
his
For
my
codicil.)
BEETHOVEN.
how
that
have for
six
aggravated by
has year after year disappointed my hopes of
relief
and has at length grown into an evil the cure of which may require
and
years,
perhaps may never be effected at all. Born with a vivacious and
want
of
skill in
my
physicians
prime of
Occasionally,
life, to shut
when
bitter experience of
was
forced,
try to brave
my
all
my
and go
fate,
increasing deafness
am
into
company, by what a
How
can
louder yet
for
am deaf." Alas! how
say to people ,,Speak louder
could I avow the total loss of a sense expected to be more perfect in me
I
than in others, and which I once did possess in a degree of perfection enjoyed by very few? I could not do it. Therefore you must pardon me when
you see me shrink from those scenes which I would most willingly enter. My
misfortune grieves
me
doubly, inasmuch as
it
my
subjects
actions to misin-
its mutual
To me the charming recreations of society
are all
the free intercourse with refined natures
outpourings of mind
forbidden alone, and venturing among my fellow creatures no more than is
terpretation.
absolutely necessary,
live like
an outcast, for
it is
drawn
organ as
much
although, tempted
into society.
if I
lest I
my
by
my
condition.
as possible
inclination
Judge then of
should betray
my
and
,
me
desired to comply
humiliation
when
found
24
a person near
could
song of a shepherd boy
drove me to despair little was wanting to make
,
\vhich
me
own
she alone
hand. Art
this
unhappy
seemed
all
my
me
felt
which
of
life
to
truly deploring
recover
shall
had accomplished
preserved
with
to life
it
put an end
me back
she held
haps
or the
me, perhaps,
till
perhaps not
thread of
my
resolved in
Per-
life.
my
twenty eighth
so for an artist than
its
inmost recesses
mankind! Oh
for all
my
it
when you
friends,
you
have greatly wronged me, and if there be one unhappy among you let him
be comforted by the reflection that there was another like him, who, in spite
of obstacles thrown in his way by nature, did all that in him lay to gain a
,
place
among
my
my
joint heirs of
small property
(if
such
suffered at
You, Charles,
shewn
me
this
intreat
my name,
paper
after death.
it
assist
can be
my
you,
brothers
he be
if
to its history,
called).
one another.
Share
it
still
to
let
you
honestly
Whatever wrong
I trust
you will lead a better life and one more free from
have done. Bring up your children in virtue that alone and
not wealth can make us happy. I speak from experience when I say that
me;
to
care than
virtue lifted
that
I
me
did not
bequeath
Schmidt.
end
my
wish
life
by
my
art
have
to
thank virtue
To
especially
Prince
to
be of service
to
you even
opportunity to develope
soon
in spite of
blest will
when
friends
all
thanks,
that
suicide. Farewell!
my
hard
in
my
my
artist-powers,
fate
and wish
grave. All
shall
meet
is
me
should he reach
I
now
little
set in order
delay
how
Come
but yet
should
have enjoyed
think he comes too
before
shall
for a
if
strife;
25
LETTERS.
not entirely forget in death him
often thought of
you and
tried to
p.
(L. S.)
'
one. Yes
2
e
u<
Thus do
P. S.
<o
'
my
take
"S
^.5
me
brought with
me
forsake
as
fall
fallen
return nearly as
away.
is
long
it,
when
H 2
to
me
Providence
nished.
0*2
they
that
now
the leaves of
which came
ra
vouchsafe
me one
long,
shall
feel
never? no
it
it is
LETTERS
written alternately to Mr. S. A. STEIKER, and his partner TOBIAS HASLIIS-GEH.
No.
*.
t.
*)
We
we
will transmit
very
as
agreeable to
want much
me
to
at the
same
time.
to
,
It
would be
bring
it
to
me,
like a Christian
we
lent
t,
s.
*) It is necessary to explain that BEETHOVEN styled himself playfully Generalisand his partner at that
simus (G
a
s) Herr STEINEK, General Lieutenant (G
t)
time, Herr TOBIAS HASLINGER, General Adjutant (Ad
rl). The place of business was
called the
war
Beethoven
office.
Slurlie*.
23
26
LETTERS.
No. 2.
To
the high
and well-born G
II
STKINBR, for
hisown hands.
Notice.
We
have upon our own examination, and the hearing of our council,
determined and resolved, from henceforth on all our works with German titles
to substitute the word Hammer-Clavier (Hammer-harpsichord) for Pianoforte,
and we charge our worthy Lieutenant General and Adjutants assembled,
as well as all others whom it may concern to carry out and put into execu,
tion that
which
is
all
m. p.
No. 3.
Please
let
Sonata
or
for the
Pianoforte
Hammer- Harpsichord,
composed and
new
proposals
Sonatas the
namely
reserved for a
II
new
it
in a language
which
man
due
Sonata by
(gaudeat pleno
order to bring
must be ready
title
tituloj
me
is it
for
well understood.
How
and the
then that
is
so
make
the following
,
first
title
should, above
Hammer -
also
Clavier
German
is
things, be
all
thorough Ger-
Amicus
ad amicum
I
beg you
tire silence
most en-
may make
a sensation
with
two
de amico
tremolo
it.
Ad
ju
tant
is
37
LETTERS.
No.
We
shall thank
Symphony
in
4.
we
tomorrow.
wishes
to
servant has
my
received from heaven the priviledge of being Ihe greatest ass in the world
(which is saying a great deal) , I cannot make any use of him in this matter.
to
tissimo}.
is
my
Pray spare
me
as
much
trouble as
be, for
may
my
health, just
now,
VAN BEETHOVEN m.
for the
No.
The G
t is
requested
to
p.
Good.
the Bad.
5.
to
whom
may
state
my
it
altered.
G
No.
s.
6.
The G
young
that
11
t of the
Company has promised every assistance to the
BOOKLET from Prague, who is a flrstrate violinist. We hope
introduction will be respected, as we are with the wildest
Artist
our
Your's
devotion,
s.
No. 7.
Look
me
the
My
dear Mannikin!
Treatise on Education.
am
to
lend
23*
28
LETTERS.
my
explain
ideas
to
make myself
clearly
Contra Fa.
m. p.
No. 8.
For the well-born Mr. Haslinger,
member
me
to
be struck
off.
will
all
little
printing
and engraving.
Farewell
Your's
BEETHOVEN
No.
To
My
9.
work and
;
hope you
will
in a condition to serve
committee
order
p.
hearty thanks for the trouble you have given yourself about
My
humane
known.
in.
is
you wilh
my
small
means
of so doing.
we
am
The
excellent
my
my
am
an interest in us,
BEETHOVEN m. p.
*) The shop of Steiner and Co. was situated in a street called Paternoster Row,
near the square called ,,the Graben."
**) This was occasioned by my having given his grand festival-overture at a
concert for the benefit of the city -hospital, and for which he received the written
(Seyfried.)
29
LETTERS.
No. 10.
To
May
who wish
ofrfrese
to
go
to this
same cards
music-meeting
of admission
if
so
tickets for
some
of
my
friends
Your
Amicus
BEETHOVEN
m. p.
No.
May
will return
beg
it
good enough
book.
upon
am
Ad
of the
rl to
lend
me
etc. etc.
over.
also to
be
instructing
this subject**)
am
totally
unable
to find just
ness of papers.
I
am
yours
Mi
contra Fa.
m. p.
No. 12.
To Tobias Adjutant.
My
I
dear Adjutant!
florins that
it is
A
am sure they must
know the exact truth
works
I
wish
to
for
on account
sell
I
though
cannot be,
it
possible. If it be the case, however, that this injustice has been done
you, then ,,0h dolce contento" must pay down ten florins.
lieve
Yours
BEETHOVEN
m. p.
*}
**)
3O
WRITTEN DIALOGUES.
now
An. Painting
become
with drawers
is
is less
of soft or hard
When
will
where can
Qu. What
much
to
such as are
now made,
wood ?
be had
of nut or cherry
me
wood
costing about
to look at,
and pur-
chase one?
Qu. Indeed? the newspapers will very soon trumpet that forth for the
ha ha ha !)
me
sack
like a
An.
will
me
a tailor? Mine
look exactly as
send Mr. N.
to
if I
is
had stolen
for
it
me.
craft.
Qu. My stupid hero of the goose cannot sew on even buttons properly.
have worn this jacket barely half a year , and five are already absent with-
out leave.
An.
*)
hope
When
my
employe
will
be able
to please you.
a sheet of paper
placed before him. He wrote down what he wished to know and the answers were
written under his questions. From amongst these very droll silent t6te a teHes, a
selected as an original example of a new species of
specimen is inserted here
,
correspondence.
WRITTEN DIALOGUES.
Qu.
is
Is
it
true that
WEBER
51
An. Yes
Qu.
It is
not necessary
it
to
be allowed
would be
difficult
to visit
to
you.
manage.
fancy
An.
It
Qu.
It
is
a musician
born
It
is
brought away with him from school would not have been enough
stomach in potatoes. (Ha ha ha ha !)
!
to find his
we were
An. Because
obliged
to
sing work.
Qu.
Why
An. Because
to
to
because
because
we
Qu. Money? Money? So have I occasion for money, and when I come
you for it you never have any for me.
Money? Don't you earn any by
my
labours ?
An.
them, or
yes
we
otherwise
make
proof, and
we
have
will also
handsome
you
shall
title-page prepared.
Qu. Title-page? a handsome title-page? if the contents are worth nothing, I would not give a rush for the most beautiful title-page in the world.
Qu. So?
LITZ laid
down
But
don't
why
It is
not yet
come
the baton of
1
to
hand.
command
N'imporia
I find
spend
it
in
likes better to
buying music.
little
in
niente.
them
to
last
week's.
Since ROCHinterest
me.
at
JUDICIAL 1NVENTARY
32
AND VALUATION
Qu. In buying Music? ,,there's the rub!" why do you sell anything but trashy music? Why have you not long ago followed my wellintended advice? Be for once prudent, and come to reason. Get rid of your
let that heavy article of
hundred weight of reams of paper real Ratisbon
,
sale float
you
down
the
retail victuals
with a placard in letters of a yard long over your door, ,,Musical Beer
shop!" and you will have so many customers at all hours of the day, that
there will be a regular crush to get in, and your rooms will never be empty.
JUDICIAL INVENTARY
AND VALUATION,
in the
left
Present:
BRANDSTAETTER (Ferdinand) Secretary of the Magistrates.
VON ORTOWITZ (Francis) Commissary of Police.
OHMEYER
HOTSCHEVAR
BACH
Trustee.
Strangers,
present by special invitation:
CZERNY
(Charles)
I.
JUDICIAL INVENTARY
35
AND VALUATION.
etc.
No.
52.
53.
Quartett Sketches.
Sketches.
55.
Quartelt Sketches.
Pieces and Sketches.
56.
Complete Sketches.
54.
Quartett Sketches.
Ital. Ariettes.
59.
62.
Copy
Copy
of the Trio
No.
64.
"
65.
Sketch
for
//
66.
Bagatelles.
67.
1.
//
68.
Song.
69.
Sestett.
70.
Original Songs.
3.
71.
72.
73.
Trios
74.
the Pianoforte.
arid 2.
The
75.
Song
76.
Scotch Songs.
77.
Quartett
78.
Nightingale.
pub. by Schott.
//
79.
80.
Sym-
phony.
81
First
movement
phony No.
82.
of
Sym-
4.
Piece from
the Opera
of
Fidelio.
83.
Evening-Song.
84.
85.
Fantasia-Sonata.
86.
87.
Fugue
and
88.
89.
in four parts.
Violin.
Concerto in
noforte.
90.
JNO.
rock.)
for
Pianoforte
Concerto.
57.
61.
63.
pieces.
58.
60.
No.
54
JUDICIAL INVENTARY
AND VALUATION.
115.
No.
135.
116.
Concerto in
'/
136.
"
117.
Fragment of
118.
137.
119.
Quartelt.
i'
138.
Entr'act to Egmont.
Sonata for Pianoforte and
ii
120.
121.
//
139.
Quintett in E.
122.
Septett in parts.
140.
123.
Quartett.
No.
//
for Pianof.
Velio.
124.
125.
Concerto No.
"
126.
127.
Quartelt.
128.
Song
129.
Finale to Leonore.
"
"
Violin.
a Quartett.
2. for Pianof.
141.
"
142.
The Song
of the quail.
"
143.
Chorus,
Good news."
By another hand
to Chloe. (Lied.)
,,
(not autograph.)
N<fc
144.
Sinfonia Eroica.
130.
Quartetts.
'/
145.
Overture to Egmonl.
131.
2 Songs.
146.
132.
Agnus
Songs
Sones
147.
148.
,i
133.
"
134.
Dei.
fr.
Gellert.
fr.
Goethe.
Ljeder
4.
Original Manuscripts
chiefly
not printed
149.
Treatise
on Counterpoint
No.
160.
"
150.
Fragments of Trio
for Pia-
noforte.
5 large packets*}.
161.
Cadenza
for
a Pianoforte
Concerto.
compts.
"
162.
152.
Violin-Quinlett.
'/
163.
153.
The
"
164.
"
154.
Ital.
if
165.
"
155.
Canon and
"
166.
"
156.
/>
157.
Songs. (Lieder.)
Piece for Pianoforte
"
151
Italian
Songs.
first kiss.
Duett.
posed
in his
part Song.
com-
158.
159.
MililarV music,
for
169.
(Ital.)
"
170.
'/
171.
(unknown).
Fugue for a Pianof. Cone.
Vocal Music.
168.
fragmen-
tary.
*)
167.
youth.
"
SETFRIED
2 Viol. 2 Velio.
for publication
to the Chevalier
von
JUDICIAL INVENTARY
1
72.
173.
No.
474.
Canon
475.
Trifles.
176.
477.
Rondo
//
483.
Song. (Lied.)
"
184.
it
485.
"
486.
"
487.
,,Sehnsucht." (a Song.)
Aria with Pf. Accompts.
"
488.
Song with
//
489.
Symphony by Haydn.
compts.
for Pianoforte
478.
Marches
479.
Trio for
80.
481.
482.
Concerto.
and
Orchestra.
AND VALUATION.
for an Orchestra.
Pf. Fl.
and Fag.
full
Accompts.
5.
Parts Co pied.
No.
490.
Symphony No.
"
491.
Christ on
492.
9.
mount
the
of
Olives-
Symphony No.
495.
Overture to Leonore.
"
196.
Festival Overture.
"
197.
498.
Masses.
199.
7.
"
"
493.
Song
"
194.
(Lied) to Joy.
toria,
No.
Symphonies.
Symph.
Copied Music
by different Masters.
No.
209.
Symphony
210.
Cherubini'sFaniska, Score.
in B.
No.
200.
Madrigals of Lughini.
//
201.
"
202.
211.
21 different Pieces.
/'
203.
Violin-Quartett.
212.
Beethoven's Fidelio.
204.
Reuter's Parnassus.
243.
205.
24 different Pieces.
214.
An Overture by Haydn.
Concerto in C mil cor-
245.
15 different pieces.
216.
Mozart'sZauberflote, Score.
"
8 different pieces.
>
206.
42
207.
208.
rections.
,/
6.
Printed Music.
No.
217.
Beethoven's
,,Vittoria"
No.
221.
Score.
218.
Beethoven's
zart's
,,Vittoria"
Score.
"
249.
Beethoven's Mass.
220.
8 different pieces.
Requiem
Mo-
in Score.
Beethoven's Christus.
-/
222.
it
223.
"
224.
Haydn's Creation.
"
226.
Beethoven's Fidelio,
//
Symph. 4,2.
P. Tr.
56
No.
OFFICIAL
227.
228.
229.
ANNOUNCEMENT.
Mozart's Titus
231.
Haydn's Seasons,
Salieri's
232.
Score.
Score.
Danaides.
lish).
Mehul's Valentine
233.
Score.
Beethoven's Leonore. P. F.
Score.
Beethoven's Christus.
234.
No.
247.
248.
249.
No.
57
AGREEMENT.
the
No.
Vienna, Sept.
sale
the
(After
1827.
of these
effects
signed
a complete
list
and
of those to
is
prepared
whom
letters are
who
to
prin-
possesses also
was con-
give answers
to
was issued by
made public.)
ted
house
subject."
AGREEMENT.
(Stamped.)
The
daily proofs
extraordi-
his
nary talent and genius as an Artist and Composer, excite the desire that he
should fulfil the great expectations which the present experience of his
resolution of placing
to the
poverty
To
in
shall not
this
cramp
end we bind ourselves
to
Total
in proportion to the
,,
700
,,
1800
is to receive in half-yearly
1500
fl.
4000,
payments,
The Undersigned are also prepared to continue this annuity until Ludwig
van Beethoven shall have obtained an appointment which shall secure to him
an equivalent
*)
for the
About 160
was equal
to
300
above-named sum.
which
in
in
England.
38
BAPTISMAL REGISTRY.
life.
On
his
within the dominions of his Imperial Majesty, and to leave this residence only
at
at
Vienna
1.
parties shall
it;
of
be informed, and
March J809.
RUDOLPH,
(L. S.)
Archduke.
PRINCE VON LOBKOWITZ,
(L. S.)
Duke
of Raudnitz.
(L. S.)
BAPTISMAL REGISTRY.
Government
District of Cologne.
Bonn.
Circle
of
Head-Burgomaster's office, Bonn.
(Stamped.)
Extract from the Parish Register of St. Remy in Bonn. Witnessed before the Head(Stamped.)
Burgomaster of Bonn.
bris
Anno Millesimo Septingentesimo Septuagesimo, die decima septima Decemet Helenae Kebaptizatus est Ludovicus Domini Joannis van Beethoven
,
verichs
conjugum
et Gertrudis Miillers
filius
,
legitimus
dicta
2.
Patrini
Baums.
A
Bonn,
correct copy.
of July 1827.
Head-Burgomaster,
(L. S.)
WINDECK.
5.
in
Bonn
was
July 1827.
PELTZER.
Secretary
to the
Court of Justice,
THCRN.
39
THE FUNERAL.
The signature, on the other
Cologne,
5. July
is
avouched.
1827.
First President of the
Senate of the
Coun-
cillor of Justice.
Signature
(L. S.)
(wholly
illegible).
Chief Secretary,
J.
THERRER.
THE FUNERAL.
With an account
(This
inserted here because several of the public papers contained erroneous and
imperfect statements of the ceremony.)
is
known
left
arm. At three clock the Body was borne into the court by eight members
who
had offered themselves as Bearers. The Clergy made their appearance half an
hour later, and after they had prayed over the mortal remains the Vocalists
,
moved forward
\.
order
in the following
The Cross-Bearer.
2.
Messrs.
whose
direction
4.
B. A.
WEBER
the
whole procession
,,Miserere"
5.
the Clergy.
THE FUNERAL.
40
already
BERNARD
Jos. BOEIIM
CASTELLI,
WOLFMAYER
mOUr-
ning dresses with white roses and branches of lilies passed through the
crape on their left arms , and carrying lighted wax torches. Besides these,
other distinguished persons were to be seen moving along with the
slowly progressing throng. The Privy Councillors VON MOSEL and BREUNING,
many
(the latter
Brothers
those of the
etc. etc. All
in the
world of
Art.
me Domine
Upon
this occasion,
alone
alia capella.
however,
it
was
ground
of
Wahring
it
composed by
named performed,
de morte aeterna,
was followed by
was
grave was
delivered
filled
who stood by
upon the coffin. Those friends who were most
turf was smoothed over the coffin.
rous-hearted Composer HUMSIEL,
were performed
in the
Church
his side,
in
memory
who
laid
them
till
the
of the Augustines
and
interested remained
3.
of April
Mo-
and on
41
THE FUNERAL.
Roman
of the
Catholic Clergy
were repeated
at the
when
catafalque
the
is
as
While Ludwig van Beethoven was visiting his brother who was settled as an apothecary at Linz, in the autumn of the year 1812, the Chapelfollows.
compose
movement
this
for four
trombones,
in
matter of
day. BEETHOVEN assented readily; he wrote for the purpose three pieces,
which though short, display throughout the hand of the master; the Chev.
I. von SEYFRIED was afterwards so fortunate as to enrich an already inval-
uable collection of autographs of the great composer with the original Manuscript of this work.
On
of
averting the threatened loss, Mr. HASLINGER carried this manuscript to Cha-
it
in
and thus
to lay
the earthly remains of our Musical Chief to rest amid the tragic echoes of
of
.one
occasion
It
was
his
,
own
creations.
determined
SEYFRIED,
This composition
was
to
was
therefore
made use
of in a double form
performed,
key, by
repeated (transposed a tone lower) -by the \ 6 singers
apted
to it,
was chanted
in
alternate
stanzas,
the piece
viz.
in the original
first
Dew, which
church.
Beethoven, Studies.
I'
'*
.1 v,
.,1
3
=
'
'
=
S5
s
S
w
SS
3
O_
?
=
f
o
w'
a:
oo
oo
i
-J
9
*
45
AUTOPSY.
it
may
were
Jos.
WAWRUCH,
WAGNEB,
M. D.
at the
house
the principal
as follows.
The external ear was large and regularly formed, the scaphoid fossa but more
was very spacious and half as large again as usual the various angles and sinuosities were strongly marked. The external auditory canal was
covered with shining scales, particularly in the vicinity of the tympanum, which
was concealed by them. The Eustachian tube was much thickened its mucous lining swollen and somewhat contracted about the osseous portion of the tube. In
front of its orifice and towards the tonsils some dimpled scars were observable.
The principal cells of the Mastoid process which was large and not marked by any
notch, were lined with a vascular mucous membrane. The whole substance of the
Os petrosum shewed a similar degree of vascularity, being traversed by vessels of
considerable size, more particularly in the region of the cochlea the membranous
,
part of
its
more than
were full of water and remarkably white they appeared very much
deeper, wider, and more numerous than ordinary.
The Calvarium exhibited throughout great density and a thickness amounting
of the brain
to
The cavity
of the Chest
it,
was
in the
normal
condition.
In the
cavity of the
Abdomen
were effused.
The Liver appeared shrunk up to half its proper volume, of
tence and greenish-blue colour, and was beset with knots the
,
its
tuberculated surface
as well as in
its
substance
all its
fluid
a leathery consis-
bean on
were very much
size of a
vessels
velly sediment.
to
its
proper size
dark-coloured,
firm.
its
goosequill.
The Stomach
was
and
infiltrated
24*
with
NECROLOGUE.
44
brown turbid fluid their tissue was pale-red and opened out. Every one
was occupied by a calcareous concretion of a wart-like shape and
as a split-pea. The body was much emaciated.
a
calices
Dr. JOSEPH
(Signed.)
WAGNER,
The following
article is translated
of their
as large
Museum.
no more!
BEETHOVEN
from one of
is
his
and
have been
lost to
Art
had
of lament for his loss will be heard as far as the influence of Music extends,
and
echoes be repeated
its
in
He surpasses
he has disdained
path,
into the
our time.
all
to
his rivals as
reproduce his
an Inventor,
own
ideas
he
his imagination,
is
works,
He was not
be restrained by the reflection that few would comprehe even risked the chance of failure but his eye was
be diverted from the bright star that shone above him and controlled
hend him
not to
the flights of his genius are the boldest and the loftiest that have
been attempted
new
to
at first
Wherever
it is
and so
who
are intellectual enough to grasp his ideas, and enjoy them, will love his
works
who
in the earlier
45
NECROLOGUE.
part of his career unadvisedly ridiculed or underrated
and hide
their
shame
in the obscurity
this true
his natural and acquired powers to the service of Art, for which he
was created. He had no other aim or desire in life than to be a great Artist.
whole of
Neither wealth nor the tranquil joys of the household affections were his
was
to
Art
life,
which he held with them diminished, so did he become more and more incomprehensible to them except thro' the medium
Cut
of his music.
a
world
he lived
off
and of the
heard
but felt. In
he constructed
this
mystic sphere
plaint
as
he went on,
so glorious a
grief
still
dark side of his fate, but praised the Mighty Bestower of genius for
at the
gift.
How many
days
let
that
the gracious
an heir-loom for ever. They will form a bright page in the history of Art,
inasmuch as he gave us in them a true index of the period in which he
us,
lived;
tory.
and he himself,
His fame
is
in his
built
own
individuality,
made
that period
and
its
his-
funeral.
Thou,
to
whom
life
vouchsafed nor
home nor
if
our
List to thine
rest,
spirit blest,
,
46
ELEGIES.
29. 1827.
and
rife
And
around
A
A
few there be
Who
lh'
to crave
of deeper-searching mind,
it
And
upon
Others a
common
gently wind,
its
surface gleam;
And
then
grief
and
first
its
tardy
homage paid
enchanted spot,
bountiful refreshment from the wave.
All throng'd
plain
no sigh no tender-plaintive
,
Thou
Thou
lost
and
its
lay
to
day
fetters freed,
power
own
thine
Now
every tongue
Exulting
LINES ON BEETHOVEN,
written
Sounds were
at the
his colours
by
J.
G. SEIDL
May
3,
1827.
47
ELEGIES.
LINES BY
spoken
Beethoven's funeral.
at
And yonder
her side
at
CASTELLI,
F.
J.
called
him
to the skies,
those harmonies
forbid to hear!*)
Motte Fouque.
la
my
soul
'Since
first th'
In
all
O'er
my
enraptured senses
by thy tomb
Despairing
stole
that
we
trust
yet
may
sing
am
indebted.
to
the kindness of
P.
friend.)
EPITAPHS BY
Ludovico
J.
GABRIEL SEIDL.
Van
Beethoven
Cujus
Ad
Triste
Omnes
Mortis
Flevere
IN
Nuncium
Gentes
Plaudente
Coelitum
Choro
*)
which were
Alluding particularly to the Mass in D and the Sinfonia No. 9
at the time when Beethoven's deafness had reached its climax.
composed
A8
his works.
P.)
monument
for in that
through
a variety of
means
wili often,
length of time, but long enough to deceive sjiallow observers, and, alas! long
to
enough
keep back the man of real genius and real claims. Works of little
may even please an enlightened public for a while; the
value
intrinsic
may be
gold
sterling
he disdains
Artist (because
to
continually
venomous
for a time in
obscurity,
an old
,,Tis
individuality
tale,
from posterity alone does the Artist receive the full meed of justice neither
too much blame nor too much praise. It should, however, be remarked that
,
this perfect
balance of arbitration
Artist
is
and
rits
abilities as the
them. Death
enmities
blind. But
ted
is
men
if
envy of
his
is
not unfrequently
his
me-
should Posterity
then
think
fit
to
grant such a
monument
as that
49
BEETHOVEN
Bonn
at
there can be
little
doubt of
its
Many
justice!*)
celebrity
teries
timid to exert
own
its
even daring
scribblings,
null
should a
why
for
law
mean while ?
the
see
anonymous
critics,
to dispute the
and declare
attack
upon
two ?
but
in
who
wrongs
inflicted
is
is
sure to be expo-
the grievous
it
power
Censor
mendacious
in
Co-
a certain price, of
if
own day
evil days,'*
is
which seems
of the press,
We
on
fallen
,,
for a while,
prerogative of decision.
and in our
by
ill
is
and slande-
that of lying
ring?
went so
far as to
compare
obscure
hope
to
aim
some
them even
inco-
critics to
at a successful imitation of
them
of seeing his
belonged
to
condemned
his irregular
rhythm
deficient in
melody
In fact
of
his
life
music was called extravagant, bombastic, farpreposterously difficult of execution utterly unvocal etc.
herencies of delirium
fetched
"his
his
broken
others complained
BEETHOVEN'S music
critics
could
at length
make up
compelled
acknowledge
of this,
*)
his death.
of
MOZART
at
50 years after
50
total failures
Thus
it
was, and
is,
and
is
make themselves
may SCHILLER
exclaim:
,,
Absur-
do not mean
to enter into a
The very
partial
first
at the
develope
saying that
WEBER began
to learn
itself fairly in
WEBER,
for
Under ALBRECHTSBERGER he evidently gave his serious attention to counterpoint, but he never loved it, and was never fluent in its resources. This
must be regarded, on the whole, as a fortunate circumstance for had BEETHOVEN been a great fugue-writer he would not have produced his Symphonies
There is something in the very nature of the Symphony the great orchestral Fantasia, which is at variance with the sour severity of counterpoint.
;
And
moreover
Orchestra.
the Sonata
is
to the Pianoforte
stages of his
is to
the
It
,
governed by men
and devoid of prejudice , (e. g. the Leipsic Musical
Journal**), published by the great firm Breitkopf and Hartel) disposed to lend
him their full support and give him the advantage of their able and kindly
of intellect
far-seeing
criticism
number were
of this
warmest admirers, an original thinker and a fine writer. Such critics as these
(si sic omnes /) deserve the thanks and praise of all who can appreciate the
works of Genius which they present in their proper light to the world and
,
shield, with a sort of parental care, from the envenomed darts of Detraction.
*)
is
,,Unsinn,
du siegst"
v.
Which
ol
it
which,
would be superfluous
to
review them again in detail. Even the ninth Symphony with Chorus in the
has now been so frequently and magnificently performed in
last movement
,
but
Germany, England, and France, that its peculiarities are well known
whether the Comit still appears a moot point
adhuc sub judice lis est
;
work
(as
well
possesses,
it
mental
with his
of external sounds.
pendent
who
are not"
similarly gifted but the fact offers an easy explanation of BEETHOVEN'S unimpaired activity during his deafness and at the same time demolishes the
,
some
supposition that his latter works would have been less complex
(or,
would say
another and
why
the Mass in
the ninth
is
as
Waltz-motivo of DIABELLI'S,
etc.,
are
more
oral
least
by
some
partial.
The reason
did
characteristic of
his flight
wing;
but he knew
that sacred
is
little
of
.,
for I doubt
any
of the
above-named works.
finest
music
is
in
BEETHOVEN'S
loftier,
The strongest
(losing,
Sublime
briefly this:
is
intellect
a vast strength of
enthusiasm which
is
and Handel, and which bore them, as on seraphic pinions, to the very throne
of Sublimity. It may be that BEETHOVEN'S want of belief in theology gave to
his Oratorio and his Masses that secular colouring which is observable in
them; he
is
and
there
is
many
,,
such a glorious
Mount
fire
of Olives,"
and
intensity,
52
that
are
BEETHOVEN ever
if
many who
movement
perfection of language
makes
may be
human and
it
of the
difficult to define
it
instance. There
is in this
two kinds
the
im-
BEETHOVEN'S song ,,in questa tomba," in the Adagio of his Septett, the
Overture to Leonore (No. 3) and the March, with Chorus, in the ,,Ruins of
Athens." The Sinfonia pastorale is perhaps the most perfect and the
in
most genial of
all
his works.
it is
movement
first
Symphony
in
is
noble
more
Andante;
<.",
2.,
Symphony
4.,
and
8.,
works
minute criticism
for his
own
instruction
why
admired than
,,the
why
Creation;"
traction undiminished;
why
Mount
.,the
the
why
and what
is
Fidelio
,,
is
of Olives"
is
not such
Don Gio-
Adelaide" retains
the subtle
is
popular than
less
its
charm residing
in
power
of at-
BEETHOVEN'S
Symphonies, Concertos, and Sonatas a charm that has, hitherto, placed them
beyond successful competition. The latter question will, indeed, find a ready
answer from those who are capable of distinguishing between genius and
;
talent,
strutting
bombast; between
the estro divino of the real bard, and the strained efforts and dry lucubrations
of the false one.
life
but he
still
very conside-
entertained a partiality
for
Pope, or Napoleon's
So
seem incredible
should have
felt
imaginative
would
it
rule-contemning BEETHOVEN
though
correct, unimpassioned,
BEETHOVEN belonged to
which is now nearly .extinct
accelerate his fame
by
German Composers
he led the
.
intrigue
flattery,
life
of a
real Artist
disdaining to
forming
no clique
of prejudiced admirers,
rivals
mage,
aiming
above
all
to
the vituperation of
his inspiration
from his
own abundant
all
and
at future
drawing
bound, by oath
fancy instead of
it
was confined
when
career
tion
soon as
as
The
that capacity.
eyes
such
for
for
like
it
wa
him
possible for
He had no stereo-
as a make-shift.
to
affectation.
The display
means
of acquiring reputa-
do so he appeared no more
were
in
them than
for great
works
pidity,
to
which
His
his carelessness
life
was devoted
exposed him
to Art,
and so
Of
this
by the
all
somewhat
tricks
much
and calcu-
great Artists
and Poets,
hon-
ostentatious funeral
it
is
an undoubted
fact
much
ted in this
volume appear
to
atone for
to
their
of
all
BEETHOVEN received
upon
the whole,
very inadequate reward for his labours. It was only during the last two or
three years of his life that he could be said to have been well paid. No
54
it
necessary to give him an order, and in
v.
C.
M.
resembled
he
this point
WEBER, who received no decoration, while
Dresden
the
Maitre
at
de chapelle Morlacchi
his colleague
rejoiced in the
German
title
of Chevalier!
certainly
stance
remarkable that no German University (the one for inwhich converted the Pianist Herr FRANZ LISZT into Dr. FRANZ LISZT !)
refused
it
but
is
it
and so he
should have had the grace to offer the title to BEETHOVEN
remained, without any handle to his name simply Llldwig Van Beethoven !
;
This great
Composer was
music resounded
Such
SALIERI
is
ROSSINI
in
all
BONONCINI , PICCINI,
that they
were once preferred to HANDEL, GLOCK, MOZART, BEETHOVEN, and WEBER. But
time makes the crooked straight, and reconciles all inconsistencies.
1 83 5 a
meeting was held of the respectable citizens of Bonn,
about erecting a public monument to their illustrious countryman.
Principal members of the Committee were Professor A. W. von SCHLEGEL,
In the year
to consult
WALTHER
office,
Prof. BREIDENSTEIN.
monument found
ready re-
The
statue of
who
It
was determined
ment by
Beethoven-monu-
were many
jesty
city
,, Bavaria" at Munich.
colossal
Queen
and her
1.
and
12. of
visitors
illustrious
their pre-
55
the
were given
Mass
Symphony,
Symphony in C minor,
the
(conducted by
Pianoforte-Concerto in Eft, the Introduction (or Overture) and two of the
in
canon from
the
,,
Mount
Fidelio, the string- Quartett in/?t?> the second Finale from Fidelio,
The Monument
worthy
to
is 'in
town concluded
every respect a
Who
for
firstrate
memorable
work
festivity.
so sepulchred in such
That kings
this
pomp doth
lie,
to die.
H. H. P.
un-
The Hymns:
,,
at
BEETHOVEN'S FUNERAL,
on the 29. March 1827.
(The words ad
Tenore
l mo
Tenore 2 do
<
Basso
l mo
Basso 2
Pianoforte.
THE HYMNS.
rf_f_
re
me
-re
De
re - re
bar-me
me
i,
pier,
De
re -re me-i,
ja des Mitlcs
mi -se - re -re me - 1,
du bist ja des Mitleids
us,
mein Scho -
dich,
mi-se du bist
us,
pfer,
F=^=EJ!^:E=^=
rwe
re - re
De
De
Quel
mt-se - re - re
des
bist ja
du
MS
- se - re - re
mi
le,
ach, er-barme,
le,
us
me
Schb'
me
ach, er-barme,
Scho
mt-se - re-re
ach, er-barme,
le,
pfer
us,
MS
De
mein Scho
dich,
Quel -
Quel
De-us,
Schopfer
me
bar-me
De
mein
dich,
me
Scho
pfer,
pfer,
_P
is:
De
Quel
us
le,
Beethoven, Studies.
mt-se - re-re
ach, er-barme,
me
Scho
se-
du
pfer,
pfer,
se -
cww
du Born derDursten-
58
THE HYMNS.
P
'
pjA-f-f-f-4
59
THE HYMNS.
~E
mi-se - re - re me-i,
De - us,
ach.er-barme dich, mein Scho - pfer
mi-se -re-re
barme
ach, er -
jEElEJ
mi-se - re -re
me -i,
mi - se
- re - re
ach, er
me
bar-me
De
mein
dich,
Scho
&
us
-
MS
-
pfer,
mi - se-
ach, er-
pfer,
MS,
-
pfer,
rJi:
^3E
'
d=3b=i=3b^b
=|z^_j*:
ffe
->=
=
2
g-
-f
=t?=t-
-=
i^-ES
'~ ~J
HH
me - i
se -
-1
cun-dum
mag
bar-me
nam
mi
dich,
des
- se - rt -
cor-di-am
Mit-leids ein-zi-ge
:fe
mi
- se
re
- bar ach, er
me
re
dich,
- se - ri - cor - di - am
des Mitleids ein-zi-ge
mi
i^-s
re - re
me
bar-me
dicb,un-ser
mi-se - re - re
ach, er - bar-me,
se -
cun
Va
me
Va
ter,
dum
mi-se -
ter,
dich,
mi
ri - cor -
- se - ri -
cor-di - am
k=t=4==T
.I-
di-am
%3.-J&:
25*
THE HYMNS.
GO
f
|bH>
L..-.
61
THE HYMNS.
Amp
1 i
s*
Poco sostenuto.
Tenore
dole.
Rei - ni-ge,
- nila - va me
ab
i
qui-ta - te
Va-ter mich,nimm von mir dieSchuld der
Am-pli -us
Rei -ni-ge,
- ni la - va me
ab
i
qui-ta - te
Va-ter mich,nimm von mir dieSchuld der
Am-pli -us
- ni - te
la - va me
ab
i
qui ta
Va-ter mich,nimm von mir dieSchuld der
Am-pli-us
Tenore
Basso
Rei - ni - ge,
Basso
2< l "
06
i - ni - qui-ta - te
to - va we
Va-ter mich,nimm vou mir dieSchuld der
tts
Rei -ni-ge,
Pianoforte.
me
- a
et
Siin - de,
me
et
Siin - de,
me
U| P
/^i
me
l~a
Siin - de,
pec
mun-du
mehr auf
me-o
Un-bill
la-sle
ca-to
me-o
Un-bill
la-sle
o pec - ca-to
Un-bill
dass kei-ne
pec - ca-to
dasskei-ne
Siin - de,
~jr
dasskei-ne
me
la
mun-da
mehr auf
mwi
ste
mehr
"*" "
et
pec - ca-to
dasskei-ne
Un-bill
me -o
la
-ste
munda
mehr auf
da
auf
THE HYMNS.
me
et
pec - ca -
von je-der
mir,
me
el
von
rair,
a pec - ca je-d^er
to,
a pec - ca
Siin-de, je-der
to,
pec
Siin-de, je-der
to
Un
bill
- ca
Un
to
bill
'
\A'
me
mir,
et
a pec-ca-to, pec-ca-to
me-o,
von je-der Siin-de und je-der Un-bill,
mir,
-,,%-\2'
!-?
et
a pec-ca
von je-der
p-
to,
Sunde
pec-ca-to
und jeder
me-o,
Un-bill,
'
.
pec-ca-to
von Siinden
I
me
pec-ca-to
von Siinden
THE HYMNS.
Lib
e r a
_P_
Tenore
'ff
mo
* V&&
r~
- bera de
morte ae -ter -
- bera
de
morte ae -ter -
de
morte ae -ter
morte ae-ter
li-bera de
fv
p
Tenore 2 Ao
Li - bera me, Domine,
Basso
li
fp_
l mo
P
Basso
li
fp
2-'"
Li - bera
m,
Domine,
li
- bera
na
in
di - e
r\>~^~\-y^\ws>
tre -
men
la tre -
men
.-
- la tre -
men
il
- la
il
da,
quando
coe -
do,
quando
coe-li
mo-
da
quando
coe-li
mo~
quando
coe-li
mo-
li
mo-
na
in
di - e
na
in
di - e
na
in
di - e
il
il
la
tre -
men
da,
64
THE HYMNS.
ven-di sunt et
ter
ra
vendi sunt
ter
ra,
ter
ra
et
P*
dum
ve - ne- ris
t?e
- we -
IE
vendi sunt
et
dum
ve - ne- ris
ju-di-ca-re
sae-cu-lum,
ju-di-ca-re
sae-culum per
ig
ju-di-ca-re
sae-cu-lum,
ju-di-ca-re
sae-culum per
i$
ju-di-ca-re
sae-cu-lum,
ju-di-ca-re
sae-culum per
ig
ju-di-ca-re
sae-cu-lum,
ju-di-ca-re
sae-culum per
ig
PP
nem.
Tremens
fac-tus
sum e-go
et
ti-me-o
dum
discus-si - o
nem.
Tremens
fac-tus
sum e-go
et
ti-me-o
dum
discus-si -o
e-go
et
ti-me-o
dum
sum e-go
et
ti-me-o
werw.
Tremens
fac-tus
new.
Tremens
fac-tus
sum
dum
discus- si -o
discus-si - o
THE HYMNS.
II
jp
_^
THE HYMNS.
66
|}^|,
$0
Cf
THE HYMNS.
nem.
Re
Re
nem.
ter -
quiem
ae
quiem
ae - ter -
nam
nam
do - na,
do - na
do - na,
do - na
#_<a_
^_q_^
t==l=EEE:E=iE:
nem.
Re
Re
quiem
ae - ter -
nam
do - na,
do - na
quiem
ae - ter -
nam
do - na,
do - na
fj
is
Do - mi
- ne.
et
et
lux per-
is
Do-mi-ne.
et
lux per-pe-tu-a,
et
lux per-
is
Do-mi-ne.
et
lux per-pe-tu-a,
et
lux per-
et
lux per-pe-tu-a,
ff
is
Do-mi-ne.
pe - tu - a
pe
tu-a
pe-tu
-a
lu - ce - at
lu
ce-at
lu - ce- at
e -
e -
per-
u.
e-
lux
et
is,
is,
is,
et
et
et
lux per
pe
- tu -
lux per
pe - tu - a
lux per
pe
- tu -
THE HYMNS.
68
is.
is.
Li-be-ra me,
Do -
Li-be-ra me,
Domi-ne,
Li-be-ra me,
Domi-ne,
mi-tie,
mor-te ae - ter
na
in
di - e
il
- la tre-
li-be-rade
mor-te ae -
ter
na
in
di - e
il
- la Ire-
li-be-rade
mor-te ae
ter
na
in
di - e
il
- la tre-
if-6e-ra de
mor-te ae - ter
na
in
di
il
- la ire-
it
be -ret de
.P-
men
men
da,
da,
quando
coe -
li
mo-ven-di sunt
et
ter
quando
coe -
li
mo-ven- di sunt
et
ter
quando
coe -
li
mo-ven-di sunt
et
~T
men
da,
quando
coe -
li
mo-ven-di sunt
ter
'
et
ter
-^r^.
69
THE HYMNS.
rtl^n
ra,
dum
ve-ne-ris
ju-di-ca-re
sae-cu-lum,
ju-di-ca-re
ra,
dum
ve-ne-ris
ju-di-ca-re
sae-cu-lum,
ju-di-ca-re
ro,
dum
ve-ne-ris
ju-di-ca-re
sae-cu-lum,
ju-di-ca-re
ra,
dum
ve-ne-ris
ju-di-ca-re
sae-cu-lum,
ju-di-ca-re
CHOEAL-MELODY
by
L. v.
BEETHOVEN,
29. -1828.
Poco Adagio.
Tenore l mo
-
Du,
dem
nie
im
Le
Du,
dem
nie
im
Le
ben
Ruhstatt
dole.
ben
Ruhstatt
Tenore 2 do
dole.
-S>-0Basso
1""
dole.
Du,
dem
nie
im
Le
ben
Ruhstatt
dole.
Du,
dem
nie
im
Le
ben
Ruhstatt
Basso 2d
Pianoforte.
dolc.l
<
71
THE HYMNS.
ward, und
&
Ruhe
55
ward, und
ward, und
Ruhe
Ruhe
nun im
nun
nun, ruhe
ira
Grab, ruhe
stil-len
Grab, ruhe
^te
F
nun im
To -de
still
aus,
im
PP
To -de
aus,
Gra-be
aus:
und wenn
:^g ==
im
stil-len
Gra-be
aus;
und wenn
im
stil-len
Gra-be
aus;
und wenn
Gra-be aus;
und wenn
<s>-
nun im
To -de,
PP
nun im
m^
To -de
aus,
still
im
THE HYMNS.
Freundes
Freundes
Klage,
*:
Klage
reicht
ii
- ber's
Grab hinaus
Klage
reicht
ii
- ber's
Grab hinaus,
reicht
ii
- ber's
Grab hinaus,
reicht
ii
- ber's
-00Klage
Grab hin-aus
73
THE HYMNS.
oc
'siis-sem Klang,
halb
V ips^HEf
c
er-wacht im
stil
'
halb
siissem Klang,
S
"
er-wacht im
--
Haus.
len, slil-len
Haus.
stil-len
stil-len,
"
:sm nan
z&l
m^E3^E^S^=^^^E^^^^^
-ae-
-4t
'
-y*
stis
sem Klang
siis-sem Klang,
(5^
(5^~
-f
-a^
halb
er-wacht im
slil
halb
er-wacht im
stil
'
-\
- len
Haus.
len, stil-len
Haus.
len,
stil
3=^^
dole.
man
Beethoven, Studies.
can
26
do.
(* :
1}
The house
at
Bonn
in
which
is
L. v.
An
,,
Adelaide," facsimile.
4)
suburb of Vienna;
it
called the
was formerly
of the Wahringer-street
number
at
cross.
The house
of different families;
it is
is
current that
and
by
Schwarzspanier
it
will
it
interest.
5)
to
it
semble a garden.
is
of dark-grey marble
'the
the burial-ground
is
CATALOGUE
OF THE COMPLETE
WORKS
OP
AS PUBLISHED
GERMANY.
26
L.
to Op. 138.
1.
Op.
1.
Fiir
v.
Lobe.
Ebenso
1-
Fiir 2 Violinen, 2
2-
3.
Trio No.
-
Op. 2.
Drel Sonateii
87).
104).
(I.
Haydn
gewidmet.)
Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell v. A. Brand.
das Pianoforte zu 4 Ha'nden v. /. F. Schwencke.
Adagio aus No. \ mit Worten (Die Klage Mein Gliick ist entflohen) unter-
Arrang.
Fiir
legt v. F.
W.
1
mit Worten (Sehnsucht v. Schillerj v. Silcher.
Adagio aus No. 2. mit Worten (Schau ich in's Auge ihr) v. Silcher.
Largo aus No. 2. fiir das Orchester v- Sey fried.
Adagio aus No. 3. fur das Orchester v. Seyfried.
Allegretto aus No. 3. mit Worten (Wiedersehen) v. Silcher.
Op. 3-
Grosses Trio
Op. 4.
Quintet! (Esdur),
2 Violinen
in Partitur.
Arrang. Als Octett (Original)
Ebenso
Fiir
Op. 5-
v.
Klage.
das Pianoforte
v. L.
Winkler.
fiir
Pianoforte, Violine
Handen v. Horr.
und Violoncell (m.
cell
op. 63).
(Fdur, G moll) , fiir Pianoforte und Violon(oder Vloline). (Friedrich Wilhelm II., Kiinigvan Preussen gewidmet.)
Arrang.
Fiir
Fiir
v. F. flies.
78
L. VAN
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
Noitate
Op. 6- Ijelelitc
A rrang.
und
Ftir Pianoforte
Op. 8.
Serenade
(Ddur),
f.
A rrang.
Fiir Pianoforte
und
und Bacchus).
Op. 9. lire! Trios (Gdnr, Ddur, C moll), fur Violine, Bratsche und Violoncell.
(Dem Grafen von Browne gewidmet.) Dieselben in Partitur.
3 grosse Trios fiir Pianoforte, Violine und Violoncell (m. op.
das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. Stegmann.
Fur das Pianoforte allein v. L. Winkler.
3 Sonaten fiir das Pianoforte v. Heilmann.
No. \ als Sonate fiir Pianoforte und Violine.
No. ^. als Sonate fiir Pianoforte allein (m. op. 43).
No. 2. als Sonate fiir Pianoforte und Violine v. F. Rahles.
A rrang.
61.).
Fiir
Drel Sonaten. (C moll, Fdur, Ddur), fur das Pianoforte. (Der Gravon Browne gewidmet.)
Arrang. Fur das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. /. F. Schwencke.
No. 1 Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell v. A. Brand.
Adagio daraus fiir Violoncell und Pianoforte v. Burchard.
Adagio daraus als Lied (Das ist der Tag des Herrn) fur eine Singst. mit
Begleit. des Pianof. v. Hubner.
Agnus Dei darnach fiir Orchester und Singstimmen v. G. B. Bierey.
No. 2, Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell v. A. Brand.
No. 3. Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell v. F. Ries.
Largo daraus mit Worteu (Dein Auge weiss etc.) fiir
Singst. mit Begleit.
des Pianof.
Menuett daraus fur 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell.
Dieselbe fur 2 Violinen, Bratsche, Bass, Flote 2 Oboen (oder 2 Clarinetten),
Op. 10.
fln
-1
2 Hb'rner
und .Fagott
drosses Trio.
Op. 11.
Violoncell.
v.
Baldenecker.
(B dur), fur
Pianoforte
und
Op. 12.
Drei Sonaten
fiir
Arrang-
Fiir Pianoforte
und
und Violoncell.
Flote v. L. Drouet.
Handen.
etc.) fiir
Singst.
L.
70
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
VAN
Arrang.
Fiir
fiir
neunstimmige Harmonic.
Hartmann.
Fiir 2 Violinen v. F.
Op. 14-
Zwei Sonate it
(Edur, Gdur),
fiir
etc.) v.
SUcher.
Braun gewidmet.)
das Pianoforte zu 4 Ha'nden.
2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell.
2. Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell.
2. Fitr 2 Violinen v. F. Hartmann.
Allegretto aus No. \ fiir Orchester (zehhstimmig)
Arrang.
Fiir
No.
No.
No.
\. Fiir
v.
Baldenecker
Concert
Op. 16.
Grouses Quintett
(Esdur),
fiir
Horn
und Kagott.
Arrang.
Fiir
das Pianoforte zu
Fiir Pianoforte
Fiir
Ha'nden.
v.
2 Pianofortes v. Lickl.
Winkler.
Op. 17- Sonate (Fdur), fiir Pianoforte und Horn (oder Violine, oder Bralselie,
oder Violoncell, oder Flote, oder Oboe, oder Clarinelte).
Arrang. Sinfonie cone, nach der Sonate op. 17 fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche, Violoncell, Contrabass, Flote, 2 Clarinetten. 2 Fagotto
Fiir 2 Violinen, 2 Bratschen und Violoncell.
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Ha'nden.
Ebenso
und
Horner
v. F. Ebers.
arr. v. Horrose'.
Op. 18- Seehs Quartette (F dur , G dur , D dur , C moll A dur , B dur) fiir 2
Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell. (Der Fiirstin von Lobkowitz gewidmet.}
Dieselben in Partitur No. 1
6. 8. Dieselben in Partitur in einem Bande in p.'.
Arrang. Als grosse Sonaten fiir Pianoforte mit Violine und willkiihrlichcr Vio.
das Pianoforte zu
Ebenso
v.
C. Klage.
Ha'nden
v.
Mockwitz.
80
L. VAN
Fiir
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
v. L.
Winkler.
ist.
Op. 19- Zweites Concert (Bdur) fiir das Pianoforte mil Begleitung des
Orchesters. (C. Nickl Edlem von Nickelsberg gewidmet.) Dasselbe in Partitur.
A r rang. Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Ha'nden v. X. Gleichauf.
Fiir das Pianoforte allein.
,
Septett (Esdur), fur Violine, Bratsche, Horn, Clarinette, Fagott, Vloloncell Mini Contrabass. Dasselbe in Partitur.
Op. 20.
Arrang.
Fiir
Blasinstrumente (elfstimmig)
v.
Crusell.
Ebenso (neunstimmig).
Fur 2 Violinen, 2 Bratschen und Violoncell.
Fiir Flote, Violine, 2 Bratschen und Violoncell (in G-) v. /. Mahr.
Fiir Pianoforte, Violine, Bratsche und Violoncell v. SchwenckeFur Pianoforte rait Begleitung der Flbte, Violine und Violoncell v. /. N. Hummel.
Fur Pianoforte, Violine und Violoncell v. C. G. Belcke.
Fiir Pianoforte, Clarinette (oder Violine) und Violoncell vom Componisten arr.
und mil Op. 38 herausgegeben.
Fiir Pianoforte und Violine v. Gleichauf.
Fiir Pianoforte und Violoncell v. C. Burchard.
Fiir 2 Pianofortes zu 8 Handen v. G. M. Schmidt.
Fiir 2 Pianofortes oder Physharmoriica und Pianoforte.
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Ha'nden v. C. Czerny.
Ebenso v. W. Marks.
Ebenso v. Fr. Mockwitz.
Ebenso in * verschiednen Ausgaben.
Fur das Pianoforte allein v. C. Czerny.
Ebenso v. /. N. Hummel.
Ebenso v. Fr. Liszt.
Ebenso v. L. Winkler.
,
Op. 21.
(C dur)
in Parlitur.
Fiir 2 Violinen, 2 Bratschen, 2 Oboen und 2 Hb'rner v. F. Ebers.
Fiir 2 Violinen, 2 Bratschen und Violoncell.
Arrang.
Fiir Pianoforte
und
Fiir 2 Pianofortes
Fiir
Violine v. F.
zu
Handen
und
W.
Arnold.
v. G. M. Schmidt.
Violoncell v.
/.
N. Hummel.
L. VAN
Fiir
81
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
das Pianoforte zu
Handen
v. Zulehner.
Arra
L. Winkler.
Senate
Op. 24.
fur eine
des Pianoforte.
Serenade
Op. 25-
Arrang.
Ebenso
v. /. Moscheles.
Sonate
fiir
eine
Arrang.
Fiir
Trauermarsch daraus:
Fiir
Orch ester.
v- F.
X. Chotek.
Ebenso
Ebenso
in
A moll.
Zwei Sonaten
Op. 27'
una
G. B. Bierey.
L. VAN
8SJ
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
rait unterlegten Worten fiir Gesang und Pianoforte v. F. K. Griepenkerl. (Mit dem Andante aus Op. 26.)
Dasselbe als Duett fiir 2 Violinen v. F. Hartmann.
Allegretto aus No. 2. Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell.
Dasselbe
Allegro
(4.
Satz)
Op. 28. Grosse Sonate (Pastorale Ddur) , fiir das Pianoforte. (Joseph Edlem
von Sonnenfels gewidmet.)
Arrang. Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell v. G. B. Bierey (ra. Op. 14.)
Ebenso
v. F. Ries.
Fiir Violine,
v. A. Uber.
Op. 29.
Ebenso v. C.Klage.
Ebenso v. /. P. Schmidt.
Ebenso das Rondo daraus
Fiir
v.
/.
v. L.
P. Schmidt.
Winkler.
Op. 30.
Op. 31.
No.
No.
2 rait
P. G. Heinzius.
v. L.
Winkler.
v. Silcher.
Drei Sonaten
Arrang. No.
No.
No.
No.
Fiir
1. Fiir 2
An
fiir
Handen.
Fiir
3 fur
(Dem
Bagatellen
Arrang. No.
4.
(7
Tiedge)
pieces),
Fiir 2 Violinen,
No. 6 Ebenso.
SeehB Variationen
Op. 34.
Op. 35.
Op. 36-
Zweite Symphonic
Arrang. Fur
L.
VAN
85
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
Ebenso (Bonn).
Fur das Pianoforte allein v. /. N. Hummel.
Ebenso v. Kalkbrenner.
Ebenso v. L. Winkler.
Andante daraus mil unterlegten Worten (Frage von Kerner) v.
Larghetto daraus fiir Physharmonijca und Pianoforte v. Lickl.
Larghetto daraus als Menuett fiir Pianoforte.
Op. 37.
Drlttes Concert
Rondo
Op. 38.
Crosses Trio
Silcher.
in Partitur.
Handen.
Zwei
Praliidien
Op. 39.
Pianoforte oder Orgel.
durch
alle 18
Dur-Tonarten
fiir
Romanze
Op. 40.
Bratsclie
Bass
Op. 41.
Op. 42.
]Vottrno
Serenade Op.
(Siehe Op.
Op. 43.
und
Bratsclie arrangirt
nach der
vom Componisten.
8.)
Arrang.
8.
Fiir
Ballet.
Arrang.
Fiir 2 Violinen,
Fiir Pianoforte
und
Violine v. Zulehner.
und
Violine.
zu 8 Handen v. G. M. Schmidt.
Fiir 2 Pianofortes zu 4 Handen v. C. Czerny.
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Fiir das Pianoforte allein.
Allegretto aus No. 6. fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell.
No. 8. fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Siebe Op. 9.
Fiir 2 Pianofortes
84
L.
VAN
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
Vlerzelin Variationen
Op. 44.
Violoncell.
Op. 45.
(G
dur , Es dur ,
D dur)
fiir
das Pianoforte
zu 4 Handen.
Op. 46- Adelaide (Gedicht von Mat hi son , fiir eine Singslimme mit
Begleitung des Pianoforte.
Arrang. Mit deutschem, franzdsischem und italieiiischem Text fiir Sopran.
Ebenso fiir Alt oder Bariton.
Mit englischem Texte fiir Sopran oder Tenor oder Mezzo-Sopran oder Bariton
Mit deutschem und italienischem Texte und Begleitung der Guitarre
Mit franzosischem und ilalienischem Texte und Begleitung der Guitarre.
Mit deutschem, franzosischem und italienischem Texte und Begleitung des
Pianoforte und Horn oder Fagott oder Bassethorn oder Violoncell oder
Bratsche von Heuschkel.
I
Ebenso
v.
Fiir Flote
/. /.
und
v. L. de St.
Lubin.
und Pianoforte
Fiir Violoncell
v. R. E.
Bockmuhl.
F. Dotzauer.
Pianoforte variirt.
und Violoncell.
und Flote.
Physharmonica und Pianoforte oder
Fiir Pianoforte
Fiir Pianoforte
*Fiir
das Pianoforte
v. C.
fiir
2 Pianofortes v. Lickl.
Czerny.
allein v. Behrens.
Senate
Op. 47.
(A.
dur), (Scritta
in
uno
slilo
'
Ebenso.
das Pianoforte allein v. C. Czerny.
v. L. Winkler.
Die Variationen daraus fiir Pianoforte und Violine.
Dieselben fiir das Pianoforte allein.
Variationen fav. fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Andante daraus fur das Pianoforte (une pens6e).
Dasselbe fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Fiir
Ebenso
von
L.
VAN
85
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
Romance
Op. 50.
Zwel Rondo's
r r a n g.
No.
2. Fiir
Violine
und
Violoncell v. A. liber.
und
Lleder
Op. 52. Acht Gresangedes Pianoforte.
E n z e 1 n No. \ Mit Guitarre.
No. 1 Mit Pianoforte.
No. 2. Mit Pianoforte.
No. 3. Mit Pianoforte
No. 4. Mit Pianoforte.
No. 5. Mit Pianoforte.
Ne. 6. Mit Pianoforte.
No. 6. Mit Guitarre.
No. 6. Mit Guitarre arr. v. Sippel.
No. 6. Mit Pianoforte.
No. 7. Mit Pianoforte.
No. 7. Mit Guitarre.
No. 8. Mit Pianoforte.
No. 8. Mit Guitarre.
t
i
v. C.
fiir
Op. 53.
drosse Senate
stein gewidmet.)
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte
Op. 54.
(Cdur),
zu
Soiiate
Hr
Symphonic
fiir
Ha'nden
fiir
v. Succo.
das Pianoforte.
i tie
(Es dur) , (Sinfonia eroica composta per festeggiare
sowcnire d'un grand' uomo) , fiir das Orchester. (Dem Fursten von Lobkowitz
gewidmet.) Dieselbe in Partitur 8.
Arrang. Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche, Flote, 2 Clarinetten, 2 Horner und Contrabass
Op. 55.
il
v. -F. Ebers.
Fiir Flote, 2 Violinen , 2 Bratschen, Violoncell u. Contrabass v. G.
Fiir Pianoforte, Violine, Bratsche und Violoncell.
v.
/.
/.
Kcrner.
N. Hummel.
Hofmann.
v. C.
Czerny.
Harmonium)
Derselbe fiir
Derselbe fur
Derselbe fiir
Siehe Op.
v. S.
Neukomm.
v. Lickl.
87.
Op. 56. Concert (Cdur), fiir Pianoforte, Violine und Violoncell mit Begleitung
des Orcheslers. Dasselbe in Partitur.
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte allein.
Polonaise daraus fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Ha'nden.
Dieselbe fiir das Pianoforte allein.
86
L. VAN
Op. 57.
Grosse onate
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
(No. 54. appassionata, Fmoll),
fiir
das Pianoforte.
Viertow Concert
Op. 59. Drei grosse Quartette (Fdur, Emoll, Cdur), fur 2 Violinen,
Bratsche und Violoncell. (Dem Fiirsten Rasoumoffsky gewidmet.) Dieselben in
Partitur 8. Dieselben in Partitur 16.
Arrang. Als Trio fur Pianoforte, Violine und Violoncell v. F. Hartmann.
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. Stegmann.
Andante fav. aus No. 3. Fur 2 Guitarren v. Schuster. (Op. 5.)*
Sonate fiir das Pianoforte, \vovon der erste Satz dem Quartett.No. 3. ent-
nommen
ist.
Symphonic
Fiir 2 Pianofortes.
zu 8 Handen v. Dietrich.
das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. C. Czerny.
Ebenso v. F. Mockwitz.
Fiir 2 Pianofortes
Fiir
Ebenso
v.
Watts.
Ebenso
v. Fr.
N. Hummel.
/.
Kalkbrenner.
Op. 61. Concert (Ddur), f. die Violine mit Begleitung des Orchesters. (Seinem
Freunde von Breuning gewidmet.) Dasselbe in Partitur.
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte mit Begleitung des Orchesters.
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. X. Gleichauf.
Fur das Pianoforte allein.
Siehe Op. 9.
Op. 62-
Ouvertnre
ztir Tragtfdle
Coriolan
C moll
fiir
das Orche-
(Dem
ster.
Op. 63.
Clrosse Sonate
dem
Siehe Op.
dem
f.
Pianoforte, Violine
vom Componisten.
Grosse Sonate
Violoncells, nach
Op. 65.
(Esdiir)
Trio Op.
3.
3.
(italienisch und deutsch) , (,,Ah! per6do" Ha! treneine Sopranstimme mit Begleitung des Orchesters oder des
Pianoforte.
Mit Begleitung des Pianoforte (italienisch und deutsch).
Arrang.
Ebenso (deutsch).
L. VAN
Zwolf Variatioiien
Op. 66.
87
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
(Fdur),
fiir
Symphonic
Fuiifte
Op. 67.
Arrang.
Fiir 2 Violinen, 2
und
Fiir 2 Pianofortes
Violoncell v.
zu
Handen
/.
Andrti.
Andre.
/.
v. E.
Hofmann.
M. C. Eberwein.
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. C. Czerny.
Ebenso v. F. Ebers.
Ebenso v. Fr. Schneider.
Fur das Pianoforte allein v. /. N. Hummel.
Ebenso v. Fr. Kalkbrenner.
Fiir 2 Pianofortes v.
Seehste
(Pastorale, Fdur), fiir das Orchester. Dieselbe in Partitur.
Arrang. Fiir 2 Violinen, 2 Bratschen und 2 Violoncells v. Fischer.
Fiir Pianoforte mit Begl. von FlOte, Violine und Violoncell v. /. N. Hummel.
"
v
Fiir Pianoforte, Violine und Violoncell v. C. G. Belcke.
Fiir Pianoforte mit Violine oder Flote.
Fiif 2 Pianofortes v. Eberwein.
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. C. Czerny.
Ebenso v. Fr. Mockwitz.
Ebenso v. Watts.
Fiir das Pianoforte allein v. /. N. Hummel.
Ebenso v. Fr. Kalkbrenner.
Symphonic
Op 68-
'
Ebenso
Sonate
Op. 69-
v. Fr. Liszt.
fiir
Grosse Sonate
(Adur),
f.
Arrang.
Fiir
Gleichenstein gewidmet.)
Fiir Pianoforte und Violine.
das Pianoforte zu
Handen
v. /. P.
Schmidt.
Op. 70. SEwei Trios (Ddur, Esdur) , fiir Pianoforte , Violine und Violoncell.
(Der Grafin Marie von Erdody, geb. Grafin von Nissky gewidmet.)
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Hauden v. F. Mockwitz.
Ebenso
Op. 71.
v.
G. Reichardt.
Sextett
Arrang. Fur
Wustrow.
das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen
Ebenso.
und
Fagott) v.
Fiir
Op. 72.
I -'
v.
X. Gleichauf.
(Erste
Arrang.
f.
das Orche-
88
L. VAN
Zvveite
Ou verture
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
fiir
(Cdur)
in zwei
Op. 72. Fldello (Leonore).
Klavierauszug. Dieselbe in Partilur.
A r rang. Fiir neunstimmige Harmoniemusik.
Fiir 2 Violinen, 2 Bratschen und Violoncell.
Fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell.
Fiir Flote, Violine, Bratsche und Violoncell.
Oper
Fiir Pianoforte
und
Akteii.
(Dritte Bearbeitung).
f.
v. Dialelli.
d. Orchester. Dieselbe
Partitur.
Fur 2 Violinen,
2 Bratschen
und
Violoncell.
zu 8 Handen v. G. M. Schmidt.
das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
das Pianoforte allein.
Fiir 2 Pianofortes
.
Fiir
Fiir
Op. 73.
Op. 74.
(Es dur), fiir 2 Violinen, Bratsche und Violoncell. (Dem Fiirvon Lobkowitz gewidmet.) Dasselbe in Partitur.
Quartett
sten
Arrang.
und
Violoncell v. C. G. Belcke.
/. P. Schmidt.
Op. 76.
Variatioiieii
gewidmet.)
(D dur)
fur
das Pianoforte.
Fantasle
(Seinem Freunde
Op. 77-
Senate
Op. 78.
(Fis dur)
fur eine
dem Grafen
Singstimme
gewidmet.)
Sonatlne
Fantasle
Op. 79.
89
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
L. VAN
Op. 80.
(Cmoll), fiir Pianoforte , Chor und Orchester. (Dem Konig
Maximilian Joseph von Baiern gewidmet.) Dieselbe in Partitur.
A rrang. Fiir Pianoforte, Chor und Flote (oder Violine) zweite Violine, Bratsche
,
und
Ebenso
Bass.
rait Quartett.
und Chor.
das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Fiir Pianoforte
Fiir
Op.
Alt,
Charakteristlgehe Sonate
81:'.
et le re-
b
Op. 81
Sextett
(Esdur)
fur
Violoncell.
in Partitur.
Op.
83.).
Fiir
Ebenso
v. F.
X. Gleichauf.
(italienisch
fiir
2 So-
und deutsch)
mil
Gesange von
Op. 84.
Partitur.
Arran
2 Violinen, Bratsche
g. Fiir
v.
und
Violoncell v. A. Brand.
A. Brand.
Fiir
v. V.
Worner.
das Orchester.
Dieselben fiir das Pianoforte allein (mit den beiden Gesangen).
Symphonic, Entr'act und ClSrchens Arie fiir das Pianoforte allein.
No.
und
4.
fiir
Einzeln.
Ebenso
oder 13 stimmig)
Blasinstrumente (9stimmig).
fiir tiirkische Musik.
(44
Dieselbe
Dieselbe
Dieselbe
fiir
fiir
2 Violinen, Bratsche
Beethoven, Studies.
und
Violoncell.
27
90
L. VAN
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
Flote
und Violoncell
v. I.
Handen
v. G.
M. Schmidt.
Handen.
das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Dieselbe fur
Dieselbe fur das Pianoforte allcin.
Dieselbe v. Kullak.
am
Chrlstus
Oellierffe , Oratorlnm fiir Solo - und Chorslimmcn mil Orchester. Partitur. Orcheslerstimmen. Singstimmen compl.
Solostimmen. Ghorstimmen.
A r rang. Klavierauszug mit Text.
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. E. F. Richter.
Op. 85.
Fiir
Messe
Op. 86-
(SHymnen, Cdur),
fiir
A r rang.
Fiir
Ebenso
v. C.
Ebenso
v. C.
v. F.
X. Gleichauf.
Czerny.
Fiir das Pianoforte allein.
Czerny.
Op. 87. Trio (Cdur), f. 2 Oboen u. englisclies Horn. Dasselbe in Partitur 16.
(m. Op. 55.)
Arrang. Fiir 2 Violinen und Bratsche (m. Op. 55.).
Fur Violine, Bratsche und Violoncell (m. Op. 29.).
Fur 2 Violinen und Bass (oder Fagott) (m. Op. 29.).
Fur 2 Floten und Bratsche (m. Op. 29.).
lieb
Brautchen
etc.) fur 3
Sopran-
1.
No.
2.
Op. 88.
(Vita feiice).
Polonaise
oder
(9stimmig).
Fiir 2 Pianofortes.
Op. 92.
das Pianoforte
Handen.
allein.
Slebente Symphonic
grafen M.
(Adur),
fiir
L.
9i
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
VAN
das Pianoforte zu
Ebenso
Ebenso
v. C.
Ebenso
Ebenso
v. I.
Handen.
Czerny.
v. Fr. Mockwitz.
Fiir das Pianoforte allein.
N. Hummel.
v. Fr. Liszt.
Allegretto daraus
fiir
v. Lickl.
Dasselbe mil Worten (Wiegt inn hiniiber) fiir \ Sopran- oder Tenorstimme
mil Begleitung des Pianoforte v. Silcher.
Dasselbe ebenso (Hoch auf dem alten Thurme) fiir 1 Singstimrae mil Begleitung des Pianoforte v. Hiibner.
Mittelsatz aus demselben ebenso (Weste sauseln deinen Namen).
Achte Symphonle
Op. 93-
Arrang.
Fiir
Fiir
(Fdur),
fiir
Harmoniemusik (Qstimmig).
2 Violinen, 2 Bratschen und Violoncell.
Pianoforte, Violine und Violoncell.
Fiir
Fiir 2 Pianofortes.
Fiir
das Pianoforte zu
Ebenso
Handen.
v. C.
Czerny.
Fiir das Pianoforte allein.
An
die
(aus Tiedge's Urania),
Op. 94.
Begleitung des Pianoforte). (Der Furstin von Kinsky
gewidmet)
Hoffnung
fiir
,
geb. Grafin
von Kerpen
Quartett
Op. 95.
ArrangFiir
fiir
und
Violoncell.
Op. 97. Grosses Trio (Bdtir), fur Pianoforte, Violine und Violoncell. (Dem
Erzherzog Rudolph gewidmet.)
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. C. Czerny.
Rondo daraus fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Hymne nach Beethoven von Goethe (Wer darf ihn nennen etc.) zusammengefiigt und zur Bekranzung des Bonner Denkmals bei dessen feierlicher
Enthiillung am H. August 1845 dargebracht v. F. Schmidt. (Nach diesem
Trio arrangirt.)
Andante daraus fiir Physharmonica und Pianoforte v. Lickl.
Op. 98.
fiir
An
feme
die
Geliehte. (Ein Liederkreis von Al. Jeitteles),
eine Singstimme mil Begleitung des Pianoforte.
Op. 99.
(Gedicht von F. A.
eine Singstimme mil Begleitung des Pianoforte.
Op. 100.
Op. 102.
fur
Herkensteln.
Rupprecht),
Op. 101.
Kleinschmid),
fiir
Sonate (Adur)
Zwei Sonaten
,
Violine).
Arrang.
fiir
f.
d. Pianoforte.
Grosses Oetett
Op. 103.
2 Fagotte, nach
Siehe Op. 4.
dem
27*
92
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
L. VAN
Op. 104.
dem
Quintet*
Trio Op.
Siehe Op.
1.
1.
No.
No.
3.
Op. 105.
Sechs varllrte
Op. 106.
Gresse Senate
Themen
(sehr leicht ausfiihrbarj fur das PiaBoforte allein, oder mil beliebiger Begleilung einer F16le oder Violine. (In
zwei Lieferungen)
,
fiir
(Bdur),
Clavier)
v.
Hiibner.
fiir
fiinf
willkuhrlicher Pianofortebegleitung
Op. 109-
Senate
v. luttus
Becker.
tano gewidmet}
Op. 111.
Senate (Asdnr),
Senate (Cmoll),
Op. 112.
Heeresstille
Op. 110.
von Goethe),
fiir
fiir
das Pianoforte.
f.
und
Dieselbe in Partitur,
113.)
Orchesterstimmen.
Arrang.
(No.
6.) in
Handen
(Feierlicher
Einzugsmarsch,
aufgefiihrt in
dem
Op. 115. Gresse Ouverture (Namensfeier) (Cdur) , fiir das Orchester. (Dem
Fursten A. H. Radziwill gewidmet.) Dieselbe in Partitur.
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. C. Czerny.
Fur das Pianoforte allein von demselben.
1
Op. 117. Oiiverture zu Koniar fite|lian(Esdur;, (geschrieben zur Eroffnung des Theaters in Pesth) fur das Orchester. Dieselbe in Partitur.
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen v. C. A. v. Winkhler.
Triumphmarsch aus der Oper Konig Stephan fiir das Pianoforte zu
4
Handen
v.
A. v. Winkhler.
L.
VAN
95
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
Gesang fiir 4 Singstimmen mil Begleitung von 2 Viound Violoncell Oder des Pianoforte. (Seinem Freunde lohann
Elegisclier
Op. 118-
linen, Bralsche
Op. 119.
Cdur), fur
das Pianoforte. (Antonie von Brentano geb. Edlen von Birkenstock gewidmet.)
Op. 120.
Op. 121
(Gdur)
Op. \'2V
Bundeslied
Op. 122.
Partilur. Orchesterstimmen.
Ulesse.
(Missa solennis),
(Ddur),
fiir
mutz Erzherzog Rudolph lohann gewidmet., Dieselbe in Partilnr. Klavierauszug. Singstimmen complet. Chorstimmen. Eine kurze erklarende Beschreibung iiber die Messe.
1
Festouverture
Op. 124.
(Dem
Symphonic
(Finale) v. Esser.
Schlusschor 1m Klavierauszuge
Fiir das Pianoforte allein.
Einzelne Chorstimmen.
Op. 126-
v. Rink.
das Pianoforte.
Op. 127.
Pianoforte.
Op. 128-
allein),
Arrang.
Op. 129.
HUBS.
Dei"
Rondo a eapriccio
(Gdur),
f.
d. Pianof.
(Aus
bei
dem
Chioen ganz
Nachlasse.)
(Dem
94
L.
Op. 131.
Quartett
VAN
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
(Cismoll),
fiir
(Dem
in Partitur.
Op. 132.
Grosse Fllge
Op. 133Bratsche
11.
Violoncell.
(tanl&l libre
tantot recherch6e)
(Bdur),
fiir
2 Violinen,
in Partitur.
Op. 134.
CSrosse
Fu^e
(um6t
Arra
Der
Op. 136-
A I. Weissenbach)
fiir
III.
Fiir
v. C.
Czerny.
Op. 137.
Fuge
Op. 138-
4.
(C durj
(Aus
dem Nachlasse.
A.
Allegretto (Esdur). (Beethoven's Freunde Ch. Holz gewidmet von den Verlegern.) (Aus
Original-Partitur.)
Handen.
18.
Fur Streichinstrumente.
C. Fiir
Blaslnstrumente.
dem
Nachlasse.)
Arrang.
Fiir
fiir
und
oline Begleitung.
Or Chester,
Quartette, Trios.
Rondo (Bdur). mit Begleitung des Orchesters. (Aus dem Nachlasse).
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte m. Begleitung von 2 Violinen, Bratsche
Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Fur das Pianoforte
u. Violdncell.
allein.
dem
Nachlasse).
Kleines Trio in einera Satze (Bdur) , fur Pianoforte, Violine und Violoncell (1812
componirt.) (Seiner kleinen Freundin M. B. gewidmet.)
Trio (Esdur),
fiir
2. Fiir Pianoforte
Rondo (Gdur),
fiir
dem
Nachlasse.)
96
L.
VAN
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
Zwb'lf Variationen (Fdur), f. Pianoforte u. Violine. (Thema aus der Oper Figaro:
Se vuol ballare). (Eleonore von Breuning gewidmet.)
Zwolf Variationen (Gdur), fur Pianoforte und Violine (oder Violoncell). (Thema
aus dem Oratorium Judas Maccabeus).
Ar rang. Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
Sieben Variationen (Es dur), fiir Pianoforte und Violine (oder Violoncell). (Thema
aus der Oper: Die Zauberflote: Bei Ma'nnern, welche Liebe fiihlen.)
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
:
3.
Sechs Variationen (Lied mit Vera'nderungen ich denke dein) (Ddur), (Geschrieben im
Jahre 1800 in das Stammbuch der Grafinnen Josephine Deym und Therese Brunswick und beiden gewidmet.)
:
Variationen (Thema
a)
etc.
Drei Sonaten (Esdur, Fmoll, Ddur), (componirt im 10. Lebensjahre). (Dem Cardinal und Furstbischof von Olmiitz, Erzherzog Rudolph gewidmet vom Verleger.)
Leichte Sonate (C dur), (Eleonore von Breuning gewidmet.)
Rondo
(A dur).
Praeludium (Fmoll).
Derniere pensee musicale (Bdur).
Arrang. Fiir das Pianoforte zu 4 Handen.
die Miillerin
gewidmet.)
Acht Variationen (Cdur), (Thema aus der Oper: Richard Lowenherz: Une Hevre
brulante. Mich brennt ein heisses Fieber.)
Falstaff,
von Salieri
La
stessa, la
slessissima.)
das Opferfest
Kind
willst
du
Es war
Als Lied f. eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte (Holde Liebe,
deine Freuden).
Dasselbe mit Begleitung der Guitarre.
Arrang.
(Air suisse),
Vierundzwanzig Variationen
(Vieni
97
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
L. VAN
Acht Variationen
b)
in
dem
K. K. kleinen Redoutensaal in
par C.
Wien aufge-
Dieselben urspriinglich fiir 2 Violinen und Bass unter dem Titel Allela Redoute de Vienne.
Dieselben in der Collection complete des Valses orig. recueillies et arrang.
Arrang.
mandes de
C. Czerny.
par
No.
-1
35.
Sechs Contretanze.
Arrang.
Fiir 2 Violinen
und
Bass.
Menuett (Esdur).
Sechs Menuett en.
Arrang.
Fiir 2 Violinen
in
dem
K. K. kleinen Redoutensaal in
Wien
aufgefiihrt
und Bass.
E.
Canon
fiir
Mehrstimmige Gcsange.
Schiller's
2.
fiir
Arrang.
Empfindnngen bei Lydien's Untreue (Gedicht nach dem Franzosischen) fur eine
Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte.
Gedenke mein f. eine Singstimme m. Begl. des Pianoforte. (Aus dem Nachlasse).
,
Sechs deutsche Gedichte ans Reissig's Blu'mchen der Einsamkeit fiir eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte.
Arrang. No. \ In einem Hefte mit Gyrowetz und Seyfried. (3 Gedichte aus Reissig's Bliimchen der Einsamkeit.)
No. 3 und 6. zusammen.
No. 3. In einem Hefte mit Giuliani, Moscheles, Reichardt, Kanne und Hummel. (Der Jiingling in der Fremde in 6 Strophen.)
No. 2. Mit Begleitung der Guitarre.
No. 3. 6. Ebenso.
,
98
L. VAN
BEETHOVEN'S COMPOSITIONS.
No.
No.
No.
Einzeln.
Mil Guitarre.
2. 3. Mil Guitarre (zusammen mil Resignation
3.
1. 2. 3.
und Abendlied).
Ich liebe diCh, fiir eine Singstimme mil Begleitung des Pianoforte.
Arrang. Mit Begleitung der Guitarre.
Feme,
fiir
Der
deutscbe Ge-
freie
Mann,
Arrang.
vom
fiir
Der Wachtelschlag,
fiir
LEIPSIC.
in the
.Y.
TPuKine
B e e fhovetiwas Lorn
s
tree
i<m(t
WJCIPCB
1L
.~
8 ihpmdk: inn
cri)l
BEETHOVEN'S TOMB
the chnrcliyA'rd
of Wa.ehrinfi; .near
7
inaugurated
the
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CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
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UNIVERSITY OF
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