Phn ng th

Phn ng th trong ha hc c hiu theo ha v c

v ha hu c hi khc nhau mt cht.

Tt mch:
Cl' + Cl' -> Cl2

Trong ha v c, n l phn ng ha hc, trong mt

nguyn t c hot ng ha hc mnh hn ( cc
iu kin c th v nhit , p sut) s thay th cho
nguyn t c hot ng ha hc yu hn trong hp
cht ca nguyn t ny, theo phn ng sau:

CH3 ' + Cl' -> CHCl

CH3 ' + CH3 ' -> CH3 -CH3
C ch ny gii thch s to thnh sn phm ph etan
(CH3 -CH3 ) trong qu trnh clo ho metan.

A + BX -> AX + B
Trong ha hu c, phn ng th l phn ng ha hc,
trong mt nhm ca mt hp cht c thay bng
mt nhm khc.

Ha v c

Phn ng th i lc ht nhn

Phn ng th i lc in t

Phn ng th gc

5 Tham kho

Phn ng ny thng gp cc hydrocacbon no, c

k hiu l S (t ting Anh substitution ngha l th ).
Phn ng th halogen trong cc phn t ankan xy ra
theo c ch th gc (c ch SR). y l mt phn ng
dy chuyn. Mun khi mo phn ng, cn phi chiu
sng hoc thm cc cht d phn hu thnh gc t do
hot ng vo.

4.1

V d:

Xt qu trnh phn ng gia metan (CH4 ) v clo (Cl2 ),

phn ng xy ra theo c ch th gc, tri qua 3 giai
on: khi mo, pht trin mch, tt mch.
Khi mo:
Cl2 -> Cl' + Cl' (iu kin: nh sng khuch
tn)
Pht trin mch:
CH4 + Cl' -> CH3 ' + HCl
CH3 ' + Cl2 -> CH3 Cl + Cl'
1

6 NGUN, NGI NG GP, V GIY PHP CHO VN BN V HNH NH

Ngun, ngi ng gp, v giy php cho vn bn v hnh nh

6.1

Vn bn

Phn ng th Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_th%E1%BA%BF?oldid=22115404 Ngi ng

gp: Vng Ngn H, Trung, Chobot, DHN-bot, JAnDbot, SieBot, Loveless, DragonBot, Qbot, Alexbot, Luckas-bot, SilvonenBot,
ArthurBot, Xqbot, SassoBot, Pinus, TuHan-Bot, ZroBot, , Cheers!-bot, DarafshBot, JYBot, AlphamaBot, Addbot,
Gaconnhanhnhen, Arc Warden, TuanminhBot v 7 ngi v danh

6.2

Hnh nh

Tp_tin:Commons-logo.svg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg Giy php: Public

domain Ngi ng gp: is version created by Pumbaa, using a proper partial circle and SVG geometry features. (Former versions
used to be slightly warped.) Ngh s u tin: SVG version was created by User:Grunt and cleaned up by 3247, based on the earlier
PNG version, created by Reidab.
Tp_tin:Tomboy_logo.svg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Tomboy_logo.svg Giy php: LGPL Ngi
ng gp: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Ngh s u tin: e original uploader was Rugby471 ti Wikipedia Ting Anh

6.3

Giy php ni dung

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