Truyn sng trong cp quang

Lecturer: M.Eng. P.T.A. Quang

Truyn sng trong cp quang

1. Nguyn l truyn sng trong si quang
2. S suy gim trong si quang
3. Tn sc
4. Cc ngun tn hiu si quang
5. H thng thng tin quang

1. Nguyn l truyn sng trong si quang

nh sng c bn cht sng, do l thuyt v sng

in t c th c s dng gii quyt cc vn lin
quan n sng nh sng chng hn s lan tuyn ca
sng nh sng. gii quyt cc vn ny h
phng trnh Maxwell nm vai tr ch o. V n
gii quyt cc hin tng quang hc c in.
Cc hin tng lin quan gia nh sng v vt cht
(bn cht ht), chng hn nh s pht x v hp th,
l thuyt lng t nm vai tr ch o. Quang
lng t c th gii thch tt c cc hin tng quang
hc.

Trong l thuyt sng nh sng, sng nh sng c thnh phn

vector in trng v t trng.
Tuy nhin mt s hin tng cng nh sng c th c m t
bng sng v hng c gi l sng nh sng, chng hn
nh s nhiu x.
Nu xt sng nh sng xung quanh nhng vt th ln hn bc
sng nh sng c th s dng l thuyt tia quang kho st.

Quantum Optics
Electromagnetic Optics
Wave Optics
Ray Optics

Sng EM trong cc mi trng

H s khc x (Refractive index) :

n

c velocity of light (EM wave) in vacuum

v velocity of light (EM wave) in medium

r : Relative magnetic permeability

r : Relative electric permittivity
Vi mi trng khng t tnh

( r 1):

n r

r r
0 0

Wave fronts
(constant phase surfaces)

Wave fronts

rays

l
P

Wave fronts

E
r

z
Sng phng
(a)

Sng cu

Sng phn k
(b)

Cc V d v sng EM

S.O.Kasap, optoelectronics and Photonics Principles and Practices, prentice hall, 2001

(c)

Cc quy lut phn x v khc x

nh lut phn x: angle of incidence = angle of reflection

nh lut khc x Snell:

n1 sin 1 n2 sin 2

Optical Fiber communications, 3rd ed.,G.Keiser,McGrawHill, 2000

Phn x ton phn, gc ti hn (Total internal

reflection, Critical angle)
2

Tia khc x
(refracted)
kt
n2
n 1 > n2

ki
tia
Ti

kr

tia
Phn x

Gc ti hn:

2 90

c
Gc gii hn

n2
sin c
n1

1 c TIR

S dch pha do TIR (totally internal reflection)

The totally reflected wave experiences a phase shift however

which is given by:

n 2 cos2 1 1
N
tan

;
2
n sin 1
n1
n
n2

p n n 2 cos2 1 1
tan

2
sin 1

[2-20]

Where (p,N) refer to the electric field components parallel or

normal to the plane of incidence respectively.

ng dn sng quang da trn TIR:

(Dielectric Slab Waveguide)

n2<n1

n1

S lan truyn trong ng dn quang h s khc x bc.

Gc ti thiu c TIR: sin c

Gc ti ti a: 0 max
Suy ra t nh lut Snell

n sin 0max n1 sin c , c

n sin 0max n1 cos c

n2
;
n1

n sin 0max n1 1 sin 2 c

n sin 0max n12 n22

Khu s (Numerical aperture):

NA n sin 0 max n1 n2 n1 2
2

n1 n2
n1

Sai lch khc x

tng i

Cc loi cp quang

Cc mode sng trong ng dn sng

N l0
sin
1

2 d

Tn s ct chun ha:

V
S mode :

l0

1
N V2
2

n12 n22

l0

NA

2.S suy gim trong si quang

Suy hao do tn x
Suy hao do hp th
Suy hao do cc mode r r
Suy hao do ghp mode
Suy hao do cp b un cong

3.Tn sc (despersion)
Tn sc lin mode:

zt

z
sin

zt (min)

z
z
0
sin 90

zt (max)

n
z
z 1
sin c
n2

z zt (max) zt (min) z 1 1 z

n
1

2
z n1 z
t

v
c 1
Do <<1, nn ta c tn sc lin mode trong cp ch s bc thang l

n1 z
t
c

Tn sc lin mode trn si quang h s khc x thay i dn

(ch s phn cp):

n1 z
t
8c

Tn sc vt liu: do ch s khc x khng ging nhau vi cc bc

sng khc nhau.
Tn sc ng dn sng: pha ca cc sng ti phn bit

Tn sc ton phn v vn tc truyn d liu cc i

t (tot ) t 2 (imd ) t 2 (md ) t 2 ( wgd )

Imd: intermodal despersion,
md: metaterial dispersion,
wgd: waveguide dispersion

tr tw t (tot )
1
B
tr

4. Cc ngun tn hiu cp quang

5. H thng thng tin quang

5. H thng thng tin quang

5. H thng thng tin quang

Qu cng sut (Power budget)

Vi mt cng sut thu cn thit v cng sut pht, gii hn

trn ca s tiu tn cng sut trong qu trnh truyn c
gi l Power budget. Nu gi cng sut pht l Ptx v cng
sut thu ti thiu l Pmin th power budget l t s
Power budget = Ptx/Pmin
Power budget [dB] = Ptx [dB] Pmin [dB]

5. H thng thng tin quang

Cc loi suy hao trong h thng thng tin quang

Suy hao do cp ca (dB/km)

Suy hao do ghp ni co (dB/mi ni)

ca L + co N + tn hao khc power budget [dB]

L: chiu di cp, N: s ghp ni

5. H thng thng tin quang

V d:
Nu Pmin = 1mw hoc 0 dbm, Pmin = -45 dbm, cp = 0.2
[dB/km ], ghp = 1db, N =2 ; cc tn hao khc trong h
thng l 5 dB, power budget l 45db. Tm gii hn chiu di
thng tin.
Gii
Lmax = (45 5 2)/0.2 = 190 km