Kedah Module Peningkatan Prestasi Tingkatan 5 SPM 2014 Biology

SULIT
4551/1
Biology
Kertas 1
Mei 2014
1 jam
MODUL PENINGKATAN PRESTASI TINGKATAN 5

TAHUN 2014
MAJLIS PENGETUA SEKOLAH MALAYSIA (KEDAH)
MODUL 1
BIOLOGI
Kertas 1
Satu Jam Lima Belas Minit
JANGAN BUKA MODUL INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1.
2.
3.
4.
Modul ini mengandungi 50 soalan .

Jawab semua soalan.
Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.
Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa
Melayu.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 33 muka surat bercetak.

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Diagram 1 shows an organelle found in a cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan organel yang terdapat dalam sel.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Which of the following process takes place in this organelle?
Antara proses berikut, yang manakah berlaku dalam organel tersebut?
Respiration
Pernafasan
Lipid synthesis
Sintesis lipid
Photosynthesis
Fotosintesis
Energy production
Penghasilan tenaga
Diagram 2 shows the specialisation of plant cells which leads to formation of tissue
X.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan pengkhususan sel-sel tumbuhan membentuk tisu X.
Lignified wall
Dinding berlignin
Plant cells
Sel tumbuhan
Continuos tube
Tiub berterusan
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
What is tissue X?
Apakah tisu X ?
A
Epidermis
Epidermis
Xylem
Xilem
Guard cell
Sel pengawal
Phloem
Floem
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Diagram 3 shows a type of tissue.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu jenis tisu.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Which organelle is found in abundance in the tissues as shown above?
Apakah organel yang banyak terdapat di dalam tisu yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di
atas?
Golgi apparatus
Jasad Golgi
Lisosome
Lisosom
Mitochondria
Mitokondria
Ribosome
Ribosom
Diagram 4 shows the structure of plasma membrane.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma .
P
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
What is the main component of P and Q?

Apakah komponen utama P dan Q?
A
B
C
D
P
Lipid
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Karbohidrat
Protein
Protein
Lipid
Lipid
Q
Carbohydrate
Karbohidrat
Lipid
Lipid
Lipid
Lipid
Protein
Protein
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A stalk of mustard green is cut longitudinally into four equal strips.

All the strips were immersed for 30 minutes in sucrose solution of different
concentrations.
Which strip was immersed in hypotonic solutions?
Batang sawi telah dipotong memanjang kepada empat keratan yang sama saiz. Semua
keratan tersebut direndam dalam larutan sukrosa yang berbeza kepekatan selama 30
minit.
Keratan manakah yang direndam dalam larutan hipotonik?
A
Epidermis
Epidermis
Before
Sebelum
After 30 minutes
Selepas 30 minits
Epidermis
Epidermis
After 30 minutes
Selepas 30 minits
Before
Sebelum
Epidermis
Epidermis
After 30 minutes
Selepas 30 minits
Before
Sebelum
Epidermis
Epidermis
Before
Sebelum
After 30 minutes
Selepas 30 minits
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The graph shows the result of an experiment to determine the concentration of the cell
sap of potato.
Graf menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan sap sel
ubi kentang.
Percentage change in mass /%

Peratus perubahan jisim /%
+ ve
B
C
- ve
Concentration of
sucrose solution /%
Kepekatan larutan
sukrosa /%
At which point A, B, C or D, the concentration of sucrose solution is hypertonic to the

cell sap of potato ?
Yang manakah antara titik A, B, C atau D, merupakan kepekatan larutan sukrosa yang
hipertonik terhadap sap sel ubi kentang?
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Diagram 4.1 shows a set up of apparatus to study the action of pepsin on protein.
Diagram 4.2 shows the result of the experiment after one hour.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu set radas untuk mengkaji tindakan pepsin ke atas
protein.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut selepas satu jam.
Thermometer
Jangkasuhu
Test Tube
Tabung uji
o
Cloudy
Keruh
++
++
++
++
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
Water bath at 37 C
Kukusan air pada
o
suhu 37 C
2 ml albumen solution
+ 1 ml 1% pepsin
solution + 2 drops
dilute hydrochloric acid
2 ml larutan albumen +
1 ml 1% pepsin + 2
titis asid hidroklorik
cair
Clear
Jernih
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
The experiment in diagram 4.1 is repeated for different temperature which is 35oC,
40oC and 60oC using 4 ml of 1% pepsin.
Which of the following is the result of the experiment after one hour in temperature
60 oC?
Eksperimen dalam rajah 4.1 diulang dengan menggunakan 4 ml 1% pepsin bagi
suhu 35oC, 40oC dan 60 oC .
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah merupakan keputusan eksperimen tersebut
selepas 1 jam bagi suhu 60 o.
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Diagram 5 shows changes of a protein structure causes by factor X .

Rajah 5 menunjukkan perubahan struktur protein yang disebabkan oleh faktor X.
FAKTOR X
Normal protein molecule

Molekul protein normal
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
Denatured protein
Protein yang dinyahaslikan
What is factor X ?
Apakah faktor X ?
A
B
Temperature 10oC
Suhu 10 oC
Temperature 27oC
Suhu 27 oC
C
D
Temperature 37 oC
Suhu 37 oC
Temperature 60oC
Suhu 60 oC
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Diagram 6 shows the action of enzyme to form a disaccharide.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan tindakan enzim untuk menghasilkan sejenis disakarida.
Enzyme
Enzim
Fructose
Fruktosa
T
What is S and T ?
Apakah S dan T ?
A
B
C
D
S
Galaktose
Galaktosa
Glucose
Glucosa
Galactose
Galaktosa
Glucose
Glucosa
T
Maltose
Maltosa
Sucrose
Sucrosa
Sucrose
Sucrosa
Maltose
Maltosa
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Diagram 7 shows a stage of cell division in an organism.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu fasa semasa pembahagian sel dalam suatu organisma.
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
Which statements are true?

Pernyataan manakah yang benar?
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The diploid number of this organism is 6

Nombor diploid untuk organisma ini ialah 6
The stage of the cell division is metaphase 1

Peringkat pembahagian sel di atas adalah metafasa 1
The haploid number of this organism is 4

Nombor haploid untuk organisma ini ialah 4
The stage of the cell division is prophase 1

Peringkat pembahagian sel di atas adalah profasa 1
Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells.

Which of the followings involve mitosis?
Mitosis melibatkan pembahagian nukleus yang menghasilkan dua sel anak dengan
komponen genetik yang sama.
Antara berikut yang manakah melibatkan mitosis?
A
Formation of clon
Penghasilan klon
Formation of new species

Penghasilan spesies baru
Formation of pollen grain

Penghasilan butir debunga
Formation of sperm cells

Penghasilan sel sperm
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Diagram 8 shows a type of techique used in the agricultural sector.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan sejenis teknik yang digunakan dalam sektor pertanian.
Diagram 8
Rajah 8
What is the advantage of the techniqe process?
Apakah kelebihan teknik di atas?
A
To produce more healthier plants

Menghasilkan tumbuhan yang lebih sihat
Maintains the genetic materials of the chromosome in the plants

Mengekalkan bahan genetik kromosom dalam tumbuhan
All the clones have different resistance towards diseases.

Semua klon mempunyai daya rintangan penyakit yang berbeza.
Plant produced are differ from parents cell.

Tumbuhan yang terhasil berbeza dengan sel induk.
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Table 1 shows four type of cells that have undergone cell division and their
chromosomal numbers before and after the cell division.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan empat jenis sel yang mengalami pembahagian sel dan
bilangan kromosom masing-masing sebelum dan selepas pembahagian se
Type of
cell
Jenis sel
Chromosomal number
Bilangan kromososm
Before cell division
Sebelum pembahagian sel
After cell division

Selepas pembahagian sel
A
B
C
D
28
14
32
23
14
14
64
46
Table 1
Jadual 1
Which types of cells , A, B, C or D has undergoes meiosis?
Manakah antara sel-sel A,B,C atau D yang mengalami meiosis?
14
Diagram 9 below shows part of the human digestive system.

Rajah 9 di bawah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sistem pencernaan manusia.
B
C
D
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
Which part of A,B,C or D produces enzyme which responsible for the digestion of
lipid?
Bahagian manakah A,B,C atau D yang bertanggung jawab menghasilkan enzim bagi
pencenaan lipid?
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Diagram 10 shows a food guide pyramid.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan piramid makanan.
S
R
Q
P
Diagram 10
Rajah 10
Which are most probably the examples of food levels P, Q, R and S?
Yang manakah mungkin contoh-contoh makanan pada aras P, Q, R dan S?
A
B
C
D
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Vegetables
Sayur-sayuran
Cereals
Bijirin
Beans
Kekacang
Rice
Beras
Cereals
Bijirin
Fruits
Buah-buahan
Cereals
Bijirin
Chickens
Ayam
Meats
Daging
Beans
Kekacang
Vegetables
Sayur-sayuran
Sweet
Gula
Fats
Lemak
Sugar
Gula
Cheese
Keju
Vegetables
Sayur-sayuran
The following statement refers to a process which occurs after the process food
digestion.
Pernyataan berikut merujuk kepada satu proses yang berlaku selepas proses
pencernaan makanan.
A process of utilization of digested nutrient to form complex compounds.
Proses penggunaan nutrien untuk membentuk sebatian kompleks.
What is the process?
Apakah proses tersebut?
A
B
C
D
Assimilation
Asimilasi
Absorption
Penyerapan
Deamination
Deaminasi
Defaecation
Penyahtinjaan
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Pancreas is the importance organ to maintance the glucose level in the blood.
Pankreas adalah organ yang penting untuk mengekalkan aras glukosa di dalam
darah.
A medical check-up shows that a patients pancreas is

damaged and has to be removed.
Pemeriksaan perubatan menunjukkan pankreas seorang
pesakit rosak dan perlu dibuang.
Which of the following should be done by the patient to maintain a normal blood
sugar level?
Antara berikut, manakah yang perlu dilakukan oleh pesakit itu untuk mengekalkan
aras gula darah yang normal?
A
B
C
D
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Taking glucose injections

Mengambil suntikan glukosa
Taking a balanced diet
Mengamalkan pengambilan gizi yang seimbang
Taking insulin and glucagon injections
Mengambil suntikan hormon insulin dan glukagon
Reduce intake of high calory food
Mengurangkan pengambilan makanan berkalori tinggi
Digestion of food involves several organs and secretion of enzymes.

Which of the following is true about the organ?
Pencernaan melibatkan beberapa organ dan rembesan enzim.
Manakah antara berikut adalah benar mengenai organ-organ tersebut?
A
B
C
D
Organ
Organ
Mouth
Mulut
Liver
Hati
Pancreas
Pankreas
Stomach
Perut
Secretion
Rembesan
Saliva
Air liur
Bile
Hempedu
Pancreatic juice
Jus pankreas
Gastric juice
Jus gastrik
Enzymes
Enzim
Maltase
Maltase
Bile
Bile
Lipase
Lipase
Trypsin
Tripsin
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Which type of carbohydrate is found in abundance in liver?

Apakah jenis karbohidrat yang banyak dijumpai dalam hati?
A
B
C
D
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13
Starch
Kanji
Sucrose
Sukrosa
Glucose
Glukosa
Glycogen
Glycogen
A student takes part in a 200 m sprint event.

Which equation represent his respiration process after he has
run the first 100 m ?
Seorang pelajar mengambil bahagian dalam acara larian pecut 200 m . Persamaan
manakah yang mewakili proses respirasi setelah berlari 100 m
pertama ?
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Glucose
Glukosa
Glucose + Oxygen
Glukosa + oksigen
Glucose
Glukosa
Glucose + Oxygen
Glukosa + oksigen
Lactic acid + Energy

asid laktik + tenaga
Lactic acid + Energy
asid laktik + tenaga
Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Etanol + karbon dioksida + tenaga
Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Karbon dioksida + air + tenaga
The following information describe the content of cigarette smoke

Maklumat berikut menerangkan kandungan asap rokok
Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 different chemicals and at least

43 of them are carcinogens.
Asap rokok mengandungi lebih 4,000 bahan kimia yang berbeza dan
43 bahan daripadanya adalah bersifat karsinogenik .
Which of the following disease is most probably will be caused by carsinogen?
Manakah penyakit berikut berkemungkinan disebabkan oleh bahan
karsinogen ?
A
B
C
D
Bronchitis
Bronkitis
Asthma
Asma
Emphysema
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Kanser paru-paru
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The following equation shows a process that occurs in a cell P of an organism.

Persamaan berikut menunjukkan proses yang berlaku dalam sel P sejenis
organisma.
Lactic acid
Asid laktik
oxygen
oksigen
carbon dioxide + water + energy

karbon dioksida + air + tenaga
What is cell P ?
Apakah sel P?
A
B
C
D
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Nerve cell
Sel saraf
Red Blood Cell
Sel darah merah
Muscle cell
Sel otot
Liver cell
Sel hati
Diagram 11 shows the respiratory system of an insects. Air enter the trachea through
an opening labeled X.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan sIstem respirasi serangga. Udara memasuki trakea melalui
liang yang berlabel X.
Diagram 11
Rajah 11
Which of the following is X?
Manakah antara berikut adalah X?
A
B
C
D
Air sac
Kantung udara
Spiracle
Spirakel
Bronchiole
Bronkiol
Tracheole
Trakeol
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Diagram 12 shows the rising of a dough during the process of bread making.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan adunan tepung menaik semasa proses membuat roti.
Diagram 12
Rajah 12
Before
Sebelum
After
Selepas
Which of the following causes the dough to increase in size?

Antara berikut yang manakah menyebabkan adunan roti bertambah saiz?
A
B
C
D
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Water
Air
Ethanol
Etanol
Lactic acid
Asid lactik
Carbon dioxide
Karbon dioksida
Diagram 13 shows a type of an interaction of an organism.

Rajah13 menunjukkan sejenis interaksi bagi suatu organisma
Diagram 13
Rajah 13
What is type of the interaction?
Apakah jenis interaksi ini?
A
B
C
D
Comensalism
Komensalisma
Saprophytism
Saprofitisma
Mutualism
Mutualisma
Parasitism
Parasitisma
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Diagram 14 shows the three types of plants in a mangrove forest.

Rajah 14 menunjukkan tiga jenis tumbuhan di hutan paya bakau.
Diagram 14
Rajah 14
Which of the following is the correct root system in plants, labelled P, Q and R.
Manakah antara berikut adalah sistem akar yang betul bagi tumbuhan berlabel P. Q
dan R.
Prop roots
Akar jangkang
Q
Buttress roots
Akar banir
Cable root
Akar bercabang luas
Buttress roots
Akar banir
Prop roots
Akar jangkang
Cable root
Akar bercabang luas
Cable root
Akar bercabang luas
Prop roots
Akar jangkang
Buttress roots
Akar banir
Cable root
Akar bercabang luas
Buttress roots
Akar banir
Prop roots
Akar jangkang
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Diagram 15 show four types of plants K, L, M, and N in an anbondoned pond.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan empat jenis tumbuhan K, L, M dan N dalam kolam yang
terbiar.
Diagram 15
Rajah 15
Which of the following shows the sequence of succession in the pond?

Manakah antara berikut menunjukkan urutan sesaran dalam kolam tersebut?
A
B
C
D
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N M K L
LNKM
NMLK
LNMK
A student used the quadrat sampling technique to find the percentage cover of grass
P in the school field. The area of each quadrat is 1 m2.
Table 2 shows the results obtained.
Pelajar menggunakan teknik persampelan kuadrat untuk mencari peratus liputan bagi
rumput P di padang sekolah. Luas setiap kuadrat ialah 1 m2.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan hasil yang diperolehi
Area covered by grass P (m2).
Luas diliputi rumput P (m2).
0.35
0.75
0.68
0.14
0.25
0.10
Table 2 / Jadual 2
Which of the following is the percentage coverage of grass P in the school field?
Manakah antara berikut peratus liputan bagi rumput P di padang sekolah?
Quadrat
Kuadrat
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
A
B
C
D
2.27%
22.7%
0.38%
37.8%
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Diagram 16 shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

Rajah 16 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada kitar nitrogen.
Animal protein
Protein haiwan
Plant protein
Protein tumbuhan
Ammonium compound
Sebatian Ammonia
Nitrate
Nitrat
Bacteria X
Bakteria X
Nitrite
Nitrit
Name bacteria X
Namakan bakteria X.
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Diagram 16
Rajah 16
Decaying bacteria
Bakteria pereput
Denitrifying bacteria
Bakteria pendenitritan
Nitrifiying bacteria
Bakteria penitritan
Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Bakteria pengikatan nitrogen
Table 3 shows content of pollutant in the river of P,Q ,R and S.

Jadual 3 dibawah menunjukkan kandungan bahan buangan yang terdapat dalam
sungai P,Q,R dan S .
River
Sungai
Organic
matter
Bahan
Organik
Suspended
solids
Pepejal
terampai
Nitrates
and
phosphate
Nitrat dan
Fosfat
Soil and
sediment
Tanah dan
sedimen
P
Q
R
S
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Table / Jadual 3
Based table which of the following river have higher value of BOD?
Berdasarkan jadual di atas sungai manakah mempunyai nilai BOD yang paling
tinggi?
A
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Diagram 17 shows a human activity.

Rajah 17 menunjukkan satu aktiviti manusia
Diagram 17
Rajah 17
Which of the following is the effect of the activity?
Antara berikut yang manakah kesan daripada aktiviti tersebut?
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B.O.D value in the river decrease

Nilai B.O.D di dalam sungai menurun
The habitat of the flora and fauna increase

Habitat flora dan fauna meningkat
The temperature in north pole decrease

Suhu di kawasan kutub utara menurun
The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere increase

Paras karbon dioksida dalam atmosfera meningkat
The following information is on the impact of a phenomenon.

Maklumat berikut ialah berkenaan impak satu fenomena.
Excessive ultraviolet rays cause skin cancer in humans, reducing the
rate of photosynthesis in plants and disrupt the food chain.
Sinar ultraungu berlebihan mengakibatkan kanser kulit pada manusia,
merendahkan kadar fotosintesis tumbuhan serta menggangu rantai makanan.
Which of the following is the phenomenon ?
Yang manakah antara berikut fenomena tersebut?
A
Thermal pollution
Pencemaran termal
Global warming
Pemanasan global
Greenhouse effect
Kesan rumah hijau
Thinning of ozon layer

Penipisan lapisan ozon
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The following statement is about eutrophication.

Pernyataan berikut adalah mengenai eutrofikasi.
L : Excess fertilisers from agriculture lands flow into lakes

Lebihan baja dari kawasan pertanian mengalir ke tasik
M: Bacteria grow rapidly
Pertumbuhan bakteria sangat cepat
N : Algae grow rapidly and covers the surface of the lake
Alga mengalami pertumbuhan yang cepat dan menutupi
permukaan tasik
O: The value of BOD increase
Nilai BOD meningkat
What is the correct sequence of the eutrophication process?
Apakah urutan yang betul untuk proses eutrofikasi?
A
O, L, M , N
B
L, N, M ,O
C
L, M, O, N
D
O, M, L, N
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Diagram 18 shows a human heart structure.

Rajah 18 menunjukkan struktur jantung manusia.
A
C
D
Diagram 18
Rajah 18
Which of the valves labelled A, B, C and D can prevent the backflow of the blood from the
aorta to the left ventricles ?
Injap manakah berlabel A, B, C dan D yang dapat menghalang darah daripada berpatah
balik daripada aorta ke ventrikel kiri ?
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Diagram shows how does the blood can be divided into its components.
Rajah menunjukkan bagaimana darah dapat dibahagikan kepada komponennya.
Q
withdraw blood
from intravein and
place in tube
darah dikeluarkan
dari vena dan
dimasukkan ke
dalam tiub
tube with blood is

centrifuged
tiub berisi darah
diemparkan
Diagram 19
Rajah 19
Which of the following is true about P and Q ?

Antara berikut manakah benar tentang P dan Q
P
Platlets
Platelet
Q
Erythrocytes,leucocytes and blood plasma
Eritrosit, leukosit dan plasma darah
Leucocytes
Leukosit
Erythrocytes , platlets and blood plasma

Eritrosit , platelet dan plasma darah
Erythrocytes
Eritrosit
Blood plasma, leucocytes and platlets

Plasma darah, leukosit dan platelet
Blood plasma
Plasma darah
Erythrocytes , leucocytes and platelets

Eritrosit , leukosit dan platelet
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Diagram 20 shows a condition of a disease suffered by a boy.

Gambar 20 menunjukkan keadaan penyakit yang dihadapi oleh seorang budak
lelaki.
Diagram 20
Rajah 20
What types of immunity received by the boy after he recovers from the disease?
Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperoleh oleh budak lelaki ini selepas ia sembuh
daripada penyakitnya.
A
Natural Acquired Active Immunity

Keimunan Aktif Semulajadi
Artificial Acquired Active Immunity

Keimunan Aktif Buatan
Natural Acquired Passive Immunity

Keimunan Pasif Semulajadi
Artificial Acquired Passive Immunity

Keimunan Pasif Buatan
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A doctor listened to Ahmads heart beat by using a stethoscope. He heard the sound
of lub-hiss, lub-hiss sound instead of the normal lub-dup sound. Which of the
following is most likely the cause of the hiss sound .
Seorang doktor mendengar degupan jantung Ahmad. Dia mendengar bunyi lub-hiss,
lub hiss berbanding bunyi jantung yang normal iaitu bunyi lub dup.
Manakah yang berikut adalah disebabkan dengan bunyi hiss tersebut.
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Clotted coronary artery

Koronari arteri yang tersumbat
A defective semilunar valve

Kecacatan injap sabit
High blood pressure

Tekanan darah tinggi
A damaged pacemaker (SAN)

Perentak(SAN) bermasaalah
Diagram shows a type of virus of HIV that can cause a fatal disease.
Rajah menunjukkan sejenis virus penyebab kepada penyakit yang boeh membawa
maut.
Diagram 21
Rajah 21
Which of the following is the major effect of the virus
Manakah yang berikut kesan utama daripada virus tersebut
A
lead to cell destruction.

mengakibatkan kemusnahan sel
lead to cell division.

mengakibatkan pembahagian sel
disrupted the circulatory system.

mengganggu sistem peredaran darah
weaken the bodys immune system.

melemahkan sistem keimunan badan
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Diagram 22(a) shows a cross-section of the root of a dicotyledonous plant.

Rajah 22(a) menunjukkan satu keratan rentas akar bagi satu tumbuhan dikotiledon.
Diagram 22 (a)
Rajah 22(a)
Diagram 22(b)
Rajah 22(b)
If the ring of the stem shown by the shaded area A and B are being removed as in
diagram 22 a) while diagram 22 b) shows the ringing of the bark, predict what would
happened to the plants after a month?
Sekiranya gelang pada batang seperti ditunjukkan pada bahagian berlorek A dan B
dibuang sepertimana yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 22 a) manakala rajah 22 b)
menunjukkan penggelangan kulit pokok itu, apakah yang akan berlaku kepada
tumbuhan tersebut selepas sebulan?
A
Translocation does not occur

Translokasi tidak berlaku
Transpiration does not occur

Transpirasi tidak berlaku
Gutation does not occur

Gutasi tidak berlaku
Water flows is blocked

Pengaliran air disekat
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25
Diagram 23 shows the structure of the muscles in a leg and an forearm.

Rajah 23 menunjukkan struktur otot-otot dalam kaki dan lengan.
biceps
triceps
Diagram 23
Rajah 23
Flexor is the muscle which bends the joint while extensor is the muscle which
straightens a joint.
Which of the following muscles are known as flexor ?
Fleksor adalah otot yang membengkokkan sendi manakala extensor adalah otot yang
meluruskan sendi.
Manakah otot yang berikut dikenali sebagai fleksor?
A
Quadriceps femoris and triceps

Kuadrisep femoris dan trisep
Quadriceps femoris and biceps

Kuadrisep femoris dan bisep
Biceps femoris and triceps

Bisep femoris dan trisep
Biceps femoris and biceps

Bisep femoris dan bisep
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26
Diagram 24 shows the human vertebral column with the numbers of the vertebrae and
two types of vertebrae, K and S.
Diagram 24 menunjukkan kolum vetabrata manusia dengan jujukan nombor vetebra
dan dua jenis vertebra K dan S.
Diagram 24
Rajah 24
Which of the following shows the correct vertebrae number for vertebrae K and L ?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan nombor vertebra yang padan
dengan tulang vertebra K dan L ?
A
B
C
D
Number of vertebra K
4
5
7
9
Number of vertebra S
17
19
23
25
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27
Diagram 25 shows the movement of an earthworm.

Rajah 25 menunjukkan pergerakan seeokr cacing tanah.
Diagram 25
Rajah 25.
On which of the following surface will the earthworm move the fastest ?
Di atas permukaan yang manakah cacing ini bergerak paling cepat ?
A
B
C
D
43
Glass
Wood
Plastics
Metal plate
Kaca
Kayu
Plastik
Kepingan logam
Diagram 26 shows the wrong way and the right way to lift a heavy object.
Rajah 26 menunjukkan cara yang salah dan cara yang betul semasa mengangkat
sesuatu objek yang berat.
Which of the following part of the body will have the highest risk to suffer from injury?
Bahagian badan yang manakah akan mengalami risiko cedera yang paling tinggi ?
A
B
Cara yang salah
Cara yang betul

Diagram 26
Rajah 26
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28
Diagram 27 shows three types of human organs, the heart, the forearm and the
stomach. These organs are made up of different type of muscles..
Rajah 27 menunjukkan tiga jenis organ manusia iaitu jantung, lengan dan perut.
Organ-organ ini diperbuat daripada otot-otot yang berlainan jenis.
Muscle X
Muscle
Y
Muscle Z
Diagram 27
Rajah 27
Which of the following are muscle X, Y and Z ?
Otot-otot yang berikut manakah merupakan otot X, Y dan Z ?
Muscle X
Muscle Y
C
D
Muscle Z
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45 Diagram 28 shows cross section of the human skin.

Rajah 28 menunjukkan keratan rentas kulit
manusia
Diagram 28
Rajah 28
What happen to P and Q during cool day?

Apakah yang berlaku kepada P dan Q semasa hari sejul?
A
B
C
D
P
Lie flat
Baring
Stand upright
Berdiri tegak
Lie flat
Baring
Stand upright
Berdiri tegak
Q
Contract
Mengecut
Relax
Mengendur
Relax
Mengendur
Contract
Mengecut
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30
Diagram 29 shows the structure of a nephron

Rajah 29 menunjukkan struktur satu nefron
Diagram 29
Rajah 29
Which of the following activities cause X to be more permeable to water?

Antara aktiviti berikut, yang manakah akan menyebabkan X lebih telap kepada air?
P-
Eating salty foods

Makan makanan yang masin
Q-
Drinking a lot of carbonated drinks

Banyak minum air berkarbonat
R-
Exercise a lot
Banyak bersenam
S-
Drinking a lot of water

Banyak minum air
P and Q
P dan Q
P, Q and R
P, Q dan R
P and R
P dan R
P, R and S
P, R dan S
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31
Diagram 30 below represents a dialysis machine.

Rajah 30 di bawah mewakili satu mesin dialysis.
Dialysis
fluid out
Cecair
dialisis
keluar
Blood in
Darah masuk
Blood out
Darah keluar
dialysis
Fluid in
Cecair dialisis
masuk
Diagram 30
Rajah 30
Which substances in the dialysis fluid must be at the same concentration as that in
blood?
Manakah bahan-bahan dalam bendalir dialisis mesti sama kepekatannya seperti dalam
darah.
A
B
C
D
48
Amino acids and urea

Asid amino dan urea
Glucose and amino acids
Glukosa dan asid amino
Glucose and urea
Glukosa dan urea
Urea and salts
Urea dan garam
The information below is about a neurological disease.

Pernyataan di bawah adalah berkaitan penyakit neurologi
Loss of memory and intellectual ability

Hilang ingatan dan kebolehan intelek
Shrinkage of brain tissues
Pengecutan tisu otak
Lack of neurotransmitters such as
acetylcoline
Kekurangan bahan pemancar seperti
asetikolina
the elderly
What is theUsually
diseaseaffects
?
Biasanya
Apakah penyakit
itu ?terjadi pada orang tua
A
B
Parkinsons disease
Alzheimers disease
C
D
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
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Graph shows the blood glucose concentration in a healthy person before, during
and after a meal.
Graf menunjukkan kepekatan glukosa darah pada seorang yang sihat sebelum,
semasa dan selepas makan.
Blood glucose concentration mg/100 cm 3

Kepakatan glukosa darah mg/ 100 cm3
Meal begins
3 hour
Makanan muka after meal
dimakan
3 jam selepas
makan
Time / hour
Masa / jam
What causes the decrease in glucose level 3 hours after the meal?
Apakah yang menyebabkan aras glukosa berkurang 3 jam selepas makan?
A
B
C
D
Antidiuretic hormone
Hormon antidiuretik
Insulin
Insulin
Glucagon
Glukagon
Oestrogen
Estrogen
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Diagram 31 shows part of human brain. A man complaining of breathing difficulties

after being infected by a virus .
Rajah 31 menunjukkan sebahagian otak manusia. Seorang lelaki mengadu kesukaran
bernafas selepas dia didapati dijangkiti oleh virus.
Diagram 31
Rajah 31
Which part of the brain is injured?
Bahagian otak yang manakah cedera?
A
B
C
D
P
Q
R
S
SOALAN TAMAT
NAMA : .
TINGKATAN : .
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Biology
Kertas 2
Mei 2014
2 jam

TAHUN 2014
MODUL 1
BIOLOGI
Kertas 2
Dua Jam Tiga Puluh Minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam
dwibahasa
2. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris
mendahului soalan sepadan dalam
bahasa Melayu.
Untuk Kegunaan Guru Pemeriksa

Nama Pemeriksa :
Bahagian
3. Calon dibenarkan menjawab

keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan
sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris
atau bahasa Melayu
Soalan
Markah
Penuh
12
12
12
12
12
20
20
20
20
Markah
Diperoleh
Jumlah
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 26 halaman bercetak

4551/2 2014 Hak Cipta terpelihara MPSM (Cawangan Kedah )

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Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions from this section.
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1
Diagram 1 shows the structures and organelles found in a plant cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur dan organel yang terdapat dalam sel tumbuhan.
P
Q
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) (i)
Name P, Q and R.
Namakan P, Q dan R
P: _______________________________________________
Q: _______________________________________________
R: _______________________________________________
(ii)
[ 3 marks]
[ 3markah]
Explain the function of P in maintaining the shape of a cell.

Terangkan fungsi P dalam mengekalkan bentuk sel.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2 marks]
[ 2markah]

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(iii) Explain what will happen to structure P if the cell is put in the solution containing
cellulase.
Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada struktur P sekiranya sel tersebut
diletakkan dalam larutan yang mengandungi enzyme selulase?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[ 2marks]
[ 2markah]
(b) Diagram shows a cycle of two major process that occurs in organelles Q and R in a plant
cell.
Rajah menunjukkan kitaran bagi dua proses yang berlaku dalam organel Q dan R dalam
sel tumbuhan.
Organelle Q/ Organel Q
Light energy
Light energy
Tenaga cahaya
Carbon dioxide + Water
Glucose + Oxygen
Chlorophyll
Tenaga cahaya
Karbon dioksida + Air
Glukosa + Oksigen
Klorofil
Organelle R/ Organel R
Glucose + Oxygen
Glukosa + Oksigen
Carbon dioxide + Water + energy

Karbon dioksida + air + tenaga
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
(i)
State two differences between the processes that occur in organelle Q and organelle
R.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara proses yang berlaku dalam organel Q dan R.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[ 2markah]

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If the rate of activity in organelle R is exceeds that in organelle Q for a long period
of time, explain the effect to the environment.
Jika kadar aktiviti dalam organel R melebihi organel Q dalam jangkamasa yang
panjang, terangkan kesannya keatas alam sekitar.
Effect to the environment
Kesan kepada alam sekitar:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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Diagram 2 shows a meiotic division of an animal cell.

Rajah2 menunjukkan pembahagian meiosis satu sel haiwan.
Phase S
Fasa S
Process U
Meiosis I
Spindle fibres
failed to form
completely
Gentian gelendong
gagal terbentuk
sepenuhnya
Meiosis
II
Daughter cells
Sel-sel anak
Diagram 2
Rajah 2

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(i)
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Name phase S and process U.

Namakan Fasa S dan proses U.
Phase S/Fasa S
__________________________________________________________________
Process U / Proses U
__________________________________________________________________
(ii)
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Explain the importance of process U.

Terangkan kepentingan Proses U.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Complete the diagram of the daughter cells V and W.

Lengkapkan rajah sel-sel anak V dan W.
Explain what happen on daughter cells V and W.
Terangkan apa yang berlaku ke atas sel-sel anak V dan W.
[2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]

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The meiosis process involves two division; meiosis I and meiosis II. Explain two
differences between meiosis I and meiosis II.
Proses meiosis melibatkan dua bahagian; meiosis I dan meiosis II. Terangkan
dua perbezaan antara meiosis I dan meiosis II.
(i)
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 marks]
(ii)
State one importance of meiosis.

Nyatakan satu kepentingan meiosis
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
3.
Diagram 3.1 shows an example of energy flow in an ecosystem.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan contoh aliran tenaga dalam satu ekosistem.
500kJ
Producers
Pengeluar
4500kJ
Energy loss
Tenaga hilang
(ii)kJ
(i)..kJ
Organism P
Organisma P
450kJ
Energy loss
Tenaga hilang
Organism Q
OrganismaQ
Organism R
Organisma R
45kJ
Energy loss
Tenaga hilang
Energy loss
Tenaga hilang
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(a)
(i)
Energy loss at each trophic level is 90%. Complete the diagram by calculate the
amount of energy transferred to organism Q and organism R
Tenaga yang hilang pada setiap aras trofik ialah 90%. Lengkapkan rajah dengan
mengira jumlah tenaga yang dipindahkan ke organisma Q dan R.
[ 2 marks]
[2 markah]

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(ii)
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Explain what happens to the energy that is not transferred from one organism to
the next organism.
Terangkan apakah yang berlaku kepada tenaga yang tidak dipindahkan dari satu
organisma ke organisma lain.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b)
Diagram 3.2 shows an interaction between biotic component and abiotic component in
an ecosystem.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan interaksi antara komponen biosis dan abiosis dalam satu
ekosistem.
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(i)
State two biotic components and two abiotic components in the ecosystem.
Nyatakan dua komponen biosis dan dua komponen abiosis yang terdapat dalam
ekosistem tersebut.
Biotic component / Komponen biosis:
_________________________________________________________________
Abiotic component/ Komponen abiosis :
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[ 2 markah ]

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(ii)
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Based on Diagram 3.3, constructa food web which contain at least three food
chains.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.3, bina satu jaringan makanan yang mengandungi
sekurang-kurangnya tiga rantai makanan.
Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3
[ 3 marks]
[ 3 markah]

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(c)
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A farm has been setup near to the pond. Alga bloom occurs and the pond water turns
green.
Explain the effect of this condition to the organism in the pond.
Sebuah ladang dibangunkan berhampiran dengan kolam. Pertumbuhan alga yang
pesat berlaku dan air kolam bertukar menjadi hijau.
Terangkan kesan bagi keadaan ini kepada organism dalam kolam.
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
Diagram 4 .1 shows the blood circulatory system in organism P and organism Q.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah bagi organisma P dan organism Q.
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(a)
State the type of blood circulatory system of organism P and organism Q.

Nyatakan jenis sistem peredaran darah bagi organisma P dan organisma Q.
Organism P:
Organisma P:
Organism Q:
Organisma Q:
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]

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(b)
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State one difference between the heart of organism P and organism Q.

Nyatakan satu perbezaan di antara jantung organisma P dan organisma Q.
[ 1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
(c)
Explain why blood vessel X has higher pressure than vessel Y.

Terangkan mengapa salur darah X mempunyai tekanan lebih tinggi dari salur darah
Y.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]

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(d)
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The blood circulatory system is also involved in the production of antibodies in the body
defense mechanism.
Diagram 4.2 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood of individuals A and
individuals B for a period of 10 weeks to acquire immunity.
Both of them were given two injections respectively.
Sistem peredaran darah terlibat dalam penghasilan antibodi untuk mekanisme
pertahanan badan.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi di dalam darah kedua-dua individu A dan B
dalam jangka masa 10 minggu untuk mendapatkan keimunan.
Kedua dua mereka masing- masing telah diberikan dua suntikan.
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
(i)
What type of immunity is obtained by A and B respectively?

Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh individu A dan B masing-masing?
A: ________________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]

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(ii)
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Explain why individual A has to be given the second injection which contained the
same vaccine.
Terangkan mengapa individu A harus diberi suntikan kedua bagi vaccine yang
sama.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
(e)
AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). AIDS patients are easily
infected with various types of diseases and will eventually die, even from harmless
disease.
Explain how HIV affects the bodys immune system.
Penyakit AIDS disebabkan oleh virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Pesakit
AIDS mudah dijangkiti oleh pelbagai jenis penyakit dan akhirnya akan mati walaupun
oleh penyakit yang tidak berbahaya.
Terangkan bagaimana HIV memberi kesan kepada sistem pertahanan badan.
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

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5.
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Diagram 5.1 shows the structure of a nephron in the human kidney.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan struktur satu nefron dalam ginjal manusia.
Renal vein
Vena Renal
Renal artery
Arteri renal
R
P
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
(a) (i)
Name the process that occurs at P.

Namakan proses yang berlaku pada P.
_____________________________________________
(ii)
[ 1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
Explain how the process occurs at P.

Terangkan bagaimana proses ini berlaku pada P.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
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(b)
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Explain one difference between the contents of Q and R.

Terangkan satu perbezaan antara kandungan Q dan R.
[ 2 mark]
[ 2 markah]
(c)
(i)
Name the hormone that controls the permeability of the nephron to water.
Namakan hormon yang mengawal ketelapan nefron terhadap air.
[ 1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
(ii)
Explain how the hormone named in (d)(i) is responsible in osmoregulation during a

hot day.
Terangkan bagaimana hormon yang dinamakan dalan (d)(i) bertanggunjawab
dalam osmokawalaturan semasa hari panas.
[ 3 marks]
[ 3 markah]

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Diagram 5.2 shows a dialysis mechine which is used to treat a patient with kidney failure.
The concentration of dialysis fluid is similar to blood plasma but without waste products.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan mesin dialisis yang digunakan untuk merawat pesakit yang
mengalami masalah ginjal gagal berfungsi.
Kepekatan cecair dialysis adalah sama dengan plasma darah tetapi tanpa hasil-hasil
buangan.
Blood in
Darah masuk
Dialysis fluid in
Cecair dialysis masuk
Flow meter
Meter aliran
Partially permeable membrane

Membran separa telap
Dialysis fluid out

Cecair dialysis keluar
Blood out
Darah keluar
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Explain why the concentration of dialysis fluid is similar to the blood plasma.
Terangkan kenapa kepekatan cecair dialisis sama seperti plasma darah.
[ 3 marks]
[ 3 markah]

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Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]
Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini
6
.
(a)
Enzymes is produced by living cells. There are two types of enzyme which are
intracellular enzyme and extracellular enzyme.
Diagram 6.1 shows the organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of
extracellular enzymes in an animal cell.
Enzim dihasilkan oleh sel hidup. Terdapat dua jenis dua jenis iaitu enzim intrasel dan
enzim luar sel.
Diagram 6.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan
enzim-enzim luar sel di dalam sel haiwan.
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
(i)
Explain the differences between intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes.

Terangkan perbezaan di antara enzim intrasel dan enzim luar sel.
[ 4 marks ]
[ 4 markah ]

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( ii ) Describe the involvement of the organelles in the production of extracellular

enzymes.
Huraikan penglibatan organel-organel di dalam penghasilan enzim-enzim luar sel.
[ 8 marks ]
[ 8 markah ]
(b)
Diagram 6.2 shows three stages in an enzyme reaction.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan tiga peringkat di dalam suatu tindakan enzim.
Q
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
(i)
Based on diagram above, explain the lock and key hypothesis in the
mechanism of enzyme reaction.
Berdasarkan gambarajah di atas, terangkan hipotesis kunci dan manga di
dalam mekanisma tindak balas enzim.
[ 8 marks ]
[ 8 markah ]

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7
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Diagram 7.1 shows transport of nutrients from small intestine to the liver
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pengangkutan nutrient dari usus kecil ke hati.
Liver/ hati
Hepatic vein/
vena hepar
Organ X
Bile duct
Salur hempedu
Organ Y
Hepatic portal Vein/

Vena portal hepar
Small intestine/ Usus kecil
Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1
(a)
(i)
Organ X and organ Y plays an important role in digestive system.

Explain the role of organ X and organ Y in digestion of lipid.
Organ X and organ Y memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sistem
pencernaan .
Terangkan peranan organ X dan Y dalam pencernaan lipid
[ 6 marks]
[ 6 markah]
(ii)
A person who use to consume a lot of protein food will produce high content of
urea in his urine .
Explain why?
Seeorang yang mengambil makanan berproetin dengan banyak akan
menghasilkan kandungan urea yang tinggi dalam air kencingnya.
Terangkan mengapa?
[ 6 marks ]
[6 markah]

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(b)
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Diagram 7.2 shows two different individuals

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan dua individu yang berbeza.
Pregnant woman
Wanita mengandung
Teenager
Remaja
Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2
Explain the dietary requirements of each group represented by the

individuals.
Terangkan keperluan gizi bagi setiap kumpulan yang diwakili oleh individu
tersebut.
[ 8 marks]
[8 markah]

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8
(a)
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Diagram 8(a) shows how a frog carry out inhalation and exhalation.
Explain the processes.
Rajah 8(a) menunjukkan bagaimana seekor katak menjalankan inspirasi dan ekspirasi.
Terangkan proses-proses yang berlaku.
Lung/peparu
Nostril
lubang hidung
Buccal cavity
rongga mulut
Exhalation
ekspirasi
Inhalation
Inspirasi
Diagram 8(a)
Rajah 8(a)
[ 6 marks ]
[ 6 markah ]

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8
(b)
22
4551/2
Diagram 8(b) shows two athletes who have just completed the running, both of them
suffer from muscle fatigue and lead to muscle pain.
Athlete A choose to sit down to wait for the pain to disappear while Athlete B choose to
walk slowly.
Rajah 8(b) menunjukkan dua orang atlet yang baru tamat dari larian, kedua-duanya
mengalami keletihan otot dan membawa kepada sakit otot.
Atlet A memilih duduk dan rehat untuk menunggu keletihan itu hilang manakala atlet B
memilih berjalan perlahan-lahan bagi menghilangkan keletihan otot.
Diagram 8 (b)
Rajah 8 (b)
Explain which athlete will recover faster from the muscle fatigue ?
Terangkan atlet manakah akan terlebih dahulu pulih dari keletihan otot ?
[ 8 marks ]
[ 8 markah ]

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8
23
4551/2
( c ) Diagram 8(c) shows the changes of atmospheric pressure with the altitude.
Diagram 8(d) shows the equipments wore by a mountain climber.
Rajah 8(c) menunjukkan perubahan tekanan atmosfera dengan altitude.
Rajah 8(d) menunjukkan kelengkapan yang dipakai oleh seorang pendaki gunung
Diagram 8(c)
Rajah 8(c)
Diagram 8(d)
Rajah 8(d)
Explain why the mountain climber needs to wear such equipments?
Terangkan kenapa pendaki gunung perlu memakai kelengkapan yang sedemikian ?
[ 6 marks ]
[ 6 markah ]

SULIT
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9
.
(a)
24
4551/2
The following is a newspaper clipping about illegal logging in Malaysia
PUTRAJAYA August 30 - The government will enforce the law to impose a

mandatory jail sentence of one year or a maximum of 20 years without a
compound of the offenders involved in illegal logging .
Firm decision was made at the Meeting of the National Forestry Council
(NCC ) 19th chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak
here today.
Accordingly, the Attorney General will conduct a study and research about
which is expected to take about six months to ensure that law enforcement
can be carried out immediately due.
Najib firm , the decision was taken in view of the compound which has no
effect on fighting illegal logging even involve the millions of dollars .In addition
to the loss of millions of dollars , illegal logging has affected the well-being of
people with problems involving the environment , air and water .
Illegal logging is still going on in this country is done by the same group , but
this did little syndicate numbers. So now MPN agree that we do not use the
compound ( to deal with ) but continued to be charged in court , '' he said. He
was speaking at a press conference after chairing the meeting at Perdana
Putra Building here today.
Meetings involving all the Chief Minister and the Chief Minister was also
attended by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Minister
Datuk Seri Adenan Satem .
According to Najib , the results were much better because it involves action
against offenders prison more restrictive than the existing enforcement .He
added that a prison sentence will be carried out in accordance with the
provisions of a special law that would be formed under the National Forestry
Act 1984
( Amendment 1993 ) .

SULIT
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9
.
(a)
25
4551/2
Keratan akhbar berikut adalah mengenai kegiatan pembalakan haram yang

berlaku di Malaysia .
PUTRAJAYA 30 Ogos - Kerajaan akan menguat kuasa undang-undang untuk
mengenakan hukuman penjara mandatori setahun atau maksimum 20 tahun
tanpa dikenakan kompaun bagi pesalah terlibat dalam aktiviti pembalakan
haram.
Keputusan tegas itu dicapai pada Mesyuarat Majlis Perhutanan Negara (MPN)
ke-19 dipengerusikan Timbalan Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak di
sini hari ini.
Sehubungan itu, Peguam Negara akan membuat kajian dan penelitian
mengenainya yang dijangka mengambil masa kira-kira enam bulan untuk
memastikan penguatkuasaan undang-undang itu dapat dijalankan serta-merta
kelak.
Tegas Najib, keputusan itu diambil memandangkan tindakan kompaun yang
selama ini tidak mendatangkan kesan bagi membanteras pembalakan haram
walaupun melibatkan nilai berjuta-juta ringgit.
Selain kerugian berjuta-juta ringgit, kegiatan pembalakan haram turut
menjejaskan kesejahteraan rakyat dengan melibatkan masalah terhadap alam
sekitar, udara dan air.
Pembalakan haram di negara ini masih berterusan yang dilakukan oleh
kumpulan yang sama tetapi sindiket ini tidak banyak jumlahnya. Jadi sekarang ini
MPN bersetuju bahawa kita tidak guna kompaun (untuk menanganinya) tetapi
terus didakwa di mahkamah,'' kata beliau. Najib berkata demikian pada sidang
akhbar selepas mempengerusikan mesyuarat itu di Bangunan Perdana Putra di
sini hari ini.
Mesyuarat yang melibatkan semua Menteri Besar dan Ketua Menteri itu turut
dihadiri Menteri Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar, Datuk Seri Adenan Satem.
Menurut Najib, keputusan itu jauh lebih baik kerana melibatkan tindakan penjara
terhadap pesalah yang lebih tegas berbanding penguatkuasaan yang ada
sekarang.Tambah beliau, hukuman penjara akan dilaksanakan mengikut
peruntukan undang-undang khas yang akan dibentuk di bawah Akta Perhutanan
Negara 1984.
(Pindaan 1993).
Based on the above article describe how the activity affect the ecosystem.
Berdasarkan artikel di atas , jelaskan bagaimana aktiviti di atas memberi kesan ke atas
ekosistem
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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9
(b)
26
4551/2
Ozone layer found in the second layer of the atmosphere, the stratosphere layer.
Diagram 9 shows a reactions occurring in the ozone layer that has highly significant
impact on life on Earth.
Lapisan ozon terdapat di lapisan kedua atmosfera, iaitu lapisan stratosfera.
Gambarajah 9 menunjukkan tindakbalas yang berlaku dilapisan ozon dan memberi
kesan yang sangat ketara kepada hidupan di bumi.
Oxygen released in to atmosphere

Oksigen dibebaskan ke atmosfera
Chlorine radical
breaks bond in
ozone molecules
Radikal klorin
memutuskan
ikatan molekul
ozon
Creates chlorine monoxide

and diatomic oxygen
Menghasilkan klorin
monoksida dan dua atom
oksigen
Cycles begins again

Kitar bermula lagi
Produces diatomic oxygen and free

chlorine radical
Menghasilkan dua atom oksigen dan
radikal klorin bebas
UV energy removes chlorine

atom fromCFC molecul
Tenaga UV menyingkirkan
atom
klorin dari molekul CFC
Oxygen atom in
the atmosphere
Atom Oksigen
dalam atmosfera
Breaks bond in chlorine

monoxide molecule
Pemutusan ikatan dalam
molekul klorin monoksida
Chlorine atom /Atom Klorin

Oxygen Atom/Atom Oksigen
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
(i)
Explain the impact on the environment

Jelaskan kesan tersebut terhadap alam sekitar
[8 marks]
[8 markah]
(ii)
Suggest ways to reduce the impact on the environment

Cadangkan cara untuk mengurangkan impak di atas terhadap alam sekitar.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT


SULIT
NAMA :
TINGKATAN : .
SULIT
4551/3
Biology
Kertas 3
Mei 2014
1 jam

TAHUN 2014
MODUL 1
BIOLOGI
Kertas 3
Satu Jam Tiga Puluh Minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam
dwibahasa
2. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris
mendahului soalan sepadan dalam
bahasa Melayu.
Untuk Kegunaan Guru Pemeriksa

Nama Pemeriksa :
3. Calon dibenarkan menjawab

keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan
sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau
bahasa Melayu
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi
Soalan
Markah
Penuh
33
17
Jumlah
50
Markah
Diperoleh
10 halaman bercetak

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4551/3
Answer all questions.

Jawab semua soalan
.
1
When plant cells are immersed in different concentration of solution, there will be changes
in the mass, length or the texture due to a process named osmosis.
Apabila sel tumbuhan direndam dalam larutan yang berbeza-beza kepekatannya, akan
terdapat perubahan jisim,panjang dan tekstur tumbuhan tersebut yang disebabkan oleh
satu proses yang dinamakan osmosis.
A group of students carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of different
concentration of sucrose solutions on the mass of potato slices.
Four slices of potato with the same initial mass is obtained.
Each slice of potato is then immersed in distilled water (0 M), sucrose solution 0.2M,
sucrose solution 0.4M, and sucrose solution 0.6M.
After 20 minutes of immersion, each potato slice is taken out, wiped and weighed again.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat kesan kepekatan
larutan sukrosa yang berbeza-beza terhadap jisim kepingan ubi kentang.
Empat keping kepingan ubi kentang dengan jisim awal yang sama telah disediakan.
Setiap kepingan ubi kentang kemudian direndam di dalam air suling (0M),larutan sukrosa
0.2M, larutan sukrosa 0.4M dan larutan sukrosa 0.6M.
Selepas direndam selama 20 minit, setiap kepingan ubi kentang dikeluarkan, dilap dan
ditimbang semula.
Diagram 1 shows the set up of this experiment.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan eksperimen ini.
4551/3 @ 2014 Hak cipta terpelihara
MPSM Kedah

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4551/3
Potato slice
Kepingan ubi kentang
Initial mass
Jisim awal
20 ml distilled water
20 ml air suling
Potato slice
Kepingan ubi kentang
Final mass
Jisim akhir
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
MPSM Kedah

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SULIT
4551/3
Table 1 shows the result of the experiment.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
Concentration of sucrose
solution, M
Kepekatan larutan
sukrosa, M
Final mass of potato slice, g

Jisim akhir ubi kentang, g
0.2
0.4
MPSM Kedah

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4551/3
0.6
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a)
Record the final mass of the potato slice in each solution in the space provided in
Diagram 1 and Table 1.
Rekodkan berat jisim akhir kepingan ubi kentang di dalam ruang yang disediakan
dalam Rajah 1 dan Jadual 1.
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
MPSM Kedah

SULIT
SULIT
(b)(i)
4551/3
State two different observations made from Table 1.

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 1.
Observation 1 :
Pemerhatian 1 :
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
.
Observation 2 :
Pemerhatian 2 :
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
.
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b)(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (b) (i).
Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1 (b) (i).
Inference from observation 1 :
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 :
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
..
Inference from observation 2 :
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 :
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
..
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
MPSM Kedah

SULIT
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(c)
4551/3
Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksprimen ini.
Variable
Pembolehubah
Method to handle the variable

Cara mengendali pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi
..
................................................
................................................................
...............................................
................................................................
Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
..
................................................
................................................................
................................................
................................................................
Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
................................................................
................................................
................................................................
................................................
Table 2
Jadual 2
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(d)
State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
MPSM Kedah

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(e)(i)
4551/3
Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini.
Your table should have the following title.
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut.
-
Concentration of sucrose solution

Kepekatan larutan sukrosa
Initial mass of potato slice

Jisim awal kepingan ubi kentang
Final mass of potato slice

Jisim akhir kepingan ubi kentang
Percentage difference in the mass of potato slice

Peratus perbezaan jisim kepingan ubi kentang
Percentage difference in the mass of potato slice :

= Final mass initial mass x 100%
Initial mass
Peratus perbezaan jisim ubi kentang:
= Jisim akhir jisim awal x 100%
Jisim awal
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
MPSM Kedah

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4551/3
(e)(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 9 to answer this part of question.
Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw the graph of percentage difference in mass of potato
slice against the concentration of sucrose solution.
Gunakan kertas graf yang disediakan di muka surat 9 untuk menjawab soalan
bahagian ini.
Menggunakan data 1(e)(i), lukiskan graf peratus perbezaan jisim ubi kentang
melawan kepekatan larutan sukrosa.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(f)
Based on the graph in 1 (e) (ii) , state the relationship between the concentration of
sucrose solution and the percentage difference in mass of potato slices.
Explain the relationship.
Berdasarkan kepada graf di 1 (e) (ii), nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan larutan
sukrosa dengan peratus perbezaan kepekatan larutan sukrosa.
Terangkan perhubungan tersebut.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
(g)
This experiment is repeated by increasing the concentration of sucrose solution to

to 0.7M.
Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menambahkan kepekatan larutan sukrosa kepada
0.7M.
Predict and explain your observation.
Ramalkan dan terangkan pemerhatian anda.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]
[3 markah]
MPSM Kedah

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SULIT
(h)
4551/3
Based on the result from the experiment, define osmosis operationally.

Berdasarkan keputusan daripada eksperimen, definisikan osmosis secara
operasional.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
(i)
Another group of students carried out this experiment by using the apparatus and
materials listed in the box below.
Sekumpulan pelajar yang lain menjalankan eksperimen ini dengan menggunakan
radas dan bahan yang disenaraikan di dalam kotak di bawah
Carrot
Lobak merah
Ruler
Pembaris
Beaker
Bikar
Sucrose solution 1M, 2M and 3M

Larutan sukrosa 1M, 2M dan 3M
Classify the apparatus and materials in the box according to the correct variables in
Table 2.
Kelaskan radas dan bahan di dalam kotak berdasarkan pemboleh pemboleh ubah
yang betul dalam Jadual 2.
Manipulated variables
Pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasikan
Responding variables
Pemboleh ubah
bergerak balas
Fixed variables
Pemboleh ubah
dimalarkan
Table 2
Jadual 2
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
MPSM Kedah

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10
4551/3
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour through evaporation from the surface of the
plants. This loss of water is replaced by the absorption of water from soil by the plant
roots. Light intensity is one of the factors that affect the rate of transpiration.
Transpirasi adalah kehilangan wap air melalui penyejatan daripada permukaan
tumbuhan. Kehilangan air ini digantikan oleh penyerapan air dari tanah oleh akar
tumbuhan. Keamatan cahaya ialah salah satu daripada faktor-faktor
mempengaruhi kadar transpirasi.
yang
Based on the above information, design a laboratory experiment to study the effect of
light intensity on the rate of transpiration of a plant.
The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, reka bentuk satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji
kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar transpirasi suatu tumbuhan.
Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:
Problem statement
Pernyataan masaalah
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Variables
Pemboleh ubah
List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
Experimental procedure
Prosedur eksperimen
Presentation of data
Persembahan data
[17 marks]
[17 markah]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
SOALAN TAMAT
MPSM Kedah

SULIT
4551/1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
B
C
B
C
D
D
D
D
B
B
A
B
A
C
B
A
C
C
D
A
D
C
B
D
B
SULIT
PP
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN MODUL 1 BIOLOGI
2014
26
C
27
C
28
D
29
D
30
A
31
D
32
D
33
B
34
D
35
D
36
A
37
B
38
D
39
A
40
D
41
C
42
B
43
A
44
D
45
D
46
B
47
B
48
C
49
B
50
C
4551/1 @ 2014 Hak cipta terpelihara MPSM Kedah
SULIT
4551/2 (PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN)
SKEMA PEMARKAHAN BAHAGIAN A KERTAS 2 MODUL 1 2014 MPSM KEDAH
QUESTION
NO
(a)
(i)
(ii)
MARKING CRITERIA
SUB
MARKS
P:Dinding sel
Q:Kloroplas
R: Mitokondria
1
1
1
F 1: P/Dinding sel dibina daripada selulosa

P1 :sejenis karbohidrat yang kuat dan tegar.
P2 : Memberikan bentuk yang tetap kepada sel.
1
1
F2 : P / Dinding sel bersifat telap sepenuhnya

P2 : Membolehkan pergerakan bebas masuk bahan dari luar
ke dalam sel membolehkan tekanan segah berlaku
untuk sel.
P3 : sitoplasma terkeluar dari sel
TOTAL
MARKS
1
2
Mana-mana ( F +P)
(iii)
(b) (i)
P1 enzim selulase menghidrolisiskan selulosa

P2 untuk menghasilkan glukosa
1
1
Perbezaan antara proses dalam Q dan R :

Proses dalam Q
Memerlukan Karbon dioksida
Memerlukan tenaga
Menghasilkan glukosa
Memerlukan cahaya
Berlaku bila cahaya mencukupi
Proses dalam R
Menghasilkan karbon dioksida
Menghasilkan tenaga
Menggunakan
/ mengurai glukosa
Tidak memerlukan cahaya
Berlaku pada bila-bila masa
1
1
1
1
2
Mana-mana 2
(ii)
P1 Kepekatan karbon dioksida meningkat.

P2 Karbon dioksida ialah gas rumah hijau.
P3 - Gas rumah hijau menyerap haba yang banyak.
P4 Suhu persekitaran meningkat.
P5 Menjana kepada kesan rumah hijau.
Mana-mana 3
1
1
1
1
1
3
4551/1 2014 Hak Cipta terpelihara
MPSM (Cawangan Kedah)
SULIT
QUESTION NO
MARKING CRITERIA
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Able to name
Answer:
Phase S : Prophase 1
Process U : Crossing over
(i)
TOTAL
MARKS
1
1
Able to explain importance of the chromosomal behavior

during phase S.
Sample Answer:
P1-Exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosome
P2- produce new genetic combination
P3-(crossing over) causes variation
P4-This will enhance the ability of survival in different
environment.
Any 3
(b)
SUB
MARKS
1
1
1
1
3
Able to complete the diagram of the daughter cells and explain

the occurrence
Sample answer
Drawing : V
Drawing : W
(ii)
P1-During anaphase II
P2-Sister chromatids ( of one chromosome) is not
separated
P3- Sister chromatid is not pulled by spindle fibre
P4- nondisjunction occur
Any 2
1
1
1
1
SULIT
(c)
(i)
Meiosis I
Synapsis occur during
prophase
Meiosis II
No synapsis takes place
during prophase
Crossing over/ exchange of

genetic material occur
between sister chromatid of
homologous chromosome
No crossing over takes

places
Homologous chromosomes
align at the metaphase plate
during metaphase I.
Chromosomes align at the

metaphase plate during
metaphase II
Homologous chromosomes
separate and move to the
opposite pole during
anaphase I.
Sister chromatids separate

and move to the opposite
pole during anaphase II
Two haploid daughter cells

are formed
Four haploid daughter cell

are formed.
1
1
1
2
Any 2
(ii)
P1-it results in the formation of haploid gametes for

reproduction
P2- it maintain the number of chromosome in each
generation of organism.
P3- produce variation
Any 1
Total
1
1
1
12
SULIT
QUESTION NO
SUB
MARKS
MARKING CRITERIA
3.
(a)
(i) : 50kJ
(ii) : 5 kJ
Tenaga hilang kepersekitaran melalui

P1 - proses respirasi
P2 - pembuangan bahan kumuh melalui air kencing
P3 pembuangan bahan kumuh melalui penyahtinjaan
1
1
1
TOTAL
MARKS
Mana-mana 2
(b)
(i)
Komponen Biotik :Tumbuhan, ikan, penyu, katak, alga

mana mana 2
Komponen abiotic :Udara, Air, cahayamatahari, pH tanahMana-mana 2
1
2
1
(ii)
3
Katak
Pepatung
Burung
Rumput
Ikan kecil
Ikan besar
Cacing
( c)
P1 Pertumbuhan alga menghalang kemasukan cahaya

matahari ke dalam sungai
P2- Menghalang proses fotosintesis

P3-Oksigen akan berkurang
P4-Organisma akan mati
1
1
1
Mana-mana 3
Total
12
SULIT
QUESTION NO
MARKING CRITERIA
(a)
(b)
Organism P: Double closed circulatory system

Organism Q: Single closed circulatory system
Organism P
Heart has 4 chambers
Organism Q
Heart has 2 chambers
P2
has two atriums and

two ventricles // has
right atrium, left atrium,
right ventricle and left
ventricle
has one ventricle and

one atrium // has
ventricle and an atrium
P3
heart receives both

oxygenated blood and
deoxygenated
separately
heart receives the

mixed oxygenated blood
and deoxygenated
blood.
PI
SUB
MARKS
TOTAL
MARKS
1+1
1
1
1
Any 1
(c)
(d)
F : contraction of ventricle/ heart

E1: generates a (high) pressure
E2: (to) propel/ force/ pump the blood flow from the heart/
ventricle to vessel A
Any 2
(i)
Individual A: Artificial/ (Acquired) active immunity

Individual B: Artificial/ (Acquired) passive immunity
1
1
(ii)
P1 : The first dose results the production of low level of

Antibody // the concentration of antibody still not reach the
immunity level
P2: Second dose is needed to stimulate lymphocyte to
produce more antibodies
P3: until it reaches the immunity level.
P3: that protects the person against the disease.
Any 2
1
1
1
SULIT
(e)
P1 : HIV weakens the immune system

P2 : By attacking helper T cell (which coordinates the immune
system.)
P3 : Helper T cells are essential to activate other lymphocytes in the
body immunity.
P4 : HIV also attack the central nervous system
P5 : Decrease in the function of nervous system.
P6 : The patient can expose himself to secondary infections.
Any 3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total
5
(a)
(i)
Ultrafiltration
(ii)
F: High hydrostatic pressure

1
P1: caused by the bigger diameter of the afferent arteriole
1
compared to the efferent arteriole
P2: many constituents of the blood to be filtered out into the
Bowmans capsule.
1
Any two
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(d)
12 m
P1: Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed at Q.

P2: Glucose / amino acid is present in Q but absent in R.
P3: R contain more urea / uric acid /ammonia compared to Q.
Any 2
ADH // Antidiuretic hormone
1
1
1
During hot day, more sweat is produced

the blood osmotic pressure is high
More ADH is secreted by pituitary gland
Increases the permeability of collecting duct to water
More water is reabsorbed
Blood osmotic pressure back to normal.
Less urine produced // urine becomes more concentrated
1
1
1
1
1
1
Any 3
The concentration of urea and salts are higher in the blood

compared to dialysis fluid
As the blood flow through the coiled tubing / dialysis
machine, excess urea and salts diffuse across the tubing
walls into dialysis fluid
Therefore, urea and excess salts can be removed from the
patients blood
Osmotic pressure can be maintained at normal level
Any 3
1
1
1
1
1
Total:
3
12 m
SULIT
SKEMA PEMARKAHAN BAHAGIAN B KERTAS 2 MODUL 1 2014 MPSM KEDAH

No
6
(a)
Marking Criteria
(i)
P1: Intracellular enzymes are produced and retained in the

cell
P2: For the use of the cell itself
P3: Extracellular enzymes are produced in the cell but
Marks Total
Marks
1
4
1
marks
secreted from the cell

P4: To function externally
(ii)
P1: The nucleus contain DNA which carries the information
for the synthesis of enzymes

P2: The genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA
in the nucleus
P3:The RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes
marks
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
P4: Proteins that are synthesized at the ribosomes are
transported through the space within RER

P5: Proteins depart from RER wrapped in vesicles that bud
off from the membrane of the RER

P6:The transport vesicles fuse with the Golgi Apparatus and
empty their content into the membranous space
P7:The protein are further modified during their transport in
1
1
Golgi Apparatus
P8: Secretory vesicles containing enzymes bud off from
Golgi Apparatus and travel to plasma membrane

P9:These vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and release
the extracellular enzymes
1
Any 8
(b)
P1 : Enzyme / P is represent the lock
P2 : Substrate / Q is represent the key
marks
P3: Enzyme / P is specific
P4: Enzyme / P only can combined with substrate / Q

P5: Enzyme/ P has specific active site which can fit into
specific substrate / Q
MPSM (Cawangan Kedah )
1
1
SULIT
P6: The substrate / Q binds with the active site/ enzyme to
form an enzyme-substrate complex

P7: Enzyme / P convert / hydrolysed / breakdown substrate
/Q into products/R
P8: The products/R are released from the enzymes
P9: The enzyme/P remain unchanged at the end of the
reaction
P10 : Enzyme P can be reused
P11: The enzyme/P is now free to bind with another
1
1
1
1
molecule of substrate/Q
Any 8
20 marks
SULIT
No
7
(a)
Marking Criteria
(i)
P1 : Organ X is gall bladder
Marks Total
Marks
1
P2: Gall bladder stores bile
P3: Bile emulsify lipid to tiny droplet
P4: To increase the total surface area / TSA/V of the lipid

P5 : Organ Y is pancreas
P6: Pancrease secretes pancreatic juice containing lipase
P7: Lipase hydrolyse /digested/breakdown lipid into fatty

acid and glycerol
(a)
(ii)
P1: Protein is digested/break down into amino acid in

digestion system
P2: Amino acid absorbed by the the blood capillaries in the
villus
P3: From villus, amino acid is transported to the liver.
1
1
P4:Then to the body cells via blood circulatory system
P5: In body cell, amino acid is used to produce

protoplasma/repair damaged tissue/synthesis
enzymes/hormone
P6: In liver , acid amino is used to synthesis protein plasma
P7: Excess amino acid is convert o urea
P8: Through deamination process
P9 : urea is harmful to human body

P10: Urea is transported to kidneys
P11 To be excreted ( through urethra) in the form of urine
1
1
Any 8
SULIT
PEMARKAHAN)
(b)
10
4551/2 (PERATURAN
Pregnant woman
P1: Need a diet rich in calcium and phosphorus
P2: For the formation of strong bones in growing foetus
1
1
3
P3: More folic acid/ferum is needed for the formation of red

blood cell/haemoglobin.
P4: High protein is needed for formation new tissue/ the
growth of foetus.
Teenager
P5: Protein is needed for rapid growth
P6 : More carbohydrates is needed to provide sufficient

energy for their active lifestyle.
1
Any 3
P7 : High ferum diet is needed to synthesis haemoglobin

after menstruation.
P8 : Vitamin/minerals to maintain good health
1
3+ 3
Total marks
6
20
SULIT
PEMARKAHAN)
11
No
8
(a)
4551/2 (PERATURAN
Marks Total
Marks
Marking Criteria
Inhalation
P1 : the frog lower the bottom level of the mouth and glottis
close
P2 : increase the volume of buccal cavity / lower the
pressure in the buccal cavity.

P3 : air is drawn in into the buccal cavity
P4 : nostril closed, glottis opened and bottom level of mouth

is raised.
1
1
P5 :Air is push into the lungs.
Exhalation
P6 : lung muscles contract
P7 : glottis opened // air is forced into the buccal cavity
P8 : nostril opened, glottis closed and bottom of mouth is
raised.
1
1
1
P9 : air is forced out from the buccal cavity
1
Any 6 Ps
(b)
1
P1 : (During the running), more energy is needed

P2 : more oxygen is needed (to produce energy)
P3 : oxygen demand/supply is not sufficient
P4 : anaerobic respiration occur / takes place
P5 : lactic acid is produced

P6 : (accumulation of) acid lactic causes muscle pain
1
1
P7 : (after the running), a lot oxygen is drawn in

P8 : oxygen is used to oxidized lactic acid (into energy, CO2
and water)
1
1
P9 : Athlete B will recover faster from muscle pain
P10 : (By walking slowly), blood flow is more smooth
P11 : more oxygen is transported by the blood stream to the

1
muscle
Any 8 Ps
SULIT
PEMARKAHAN)
(c)
12
4551/2 (PERATURAN
P1 : The mountain climber is carrying / wearing the oxygen
supply equipments / respirator.

P2 : As the altitude increase, the atmospheric pressure
decrease
P3 : the partial pressure / amount of oxygen decrease as
well
P4 : low atmospheric pressure cause less air is drawn into
the lungs
P5 : The mountain climber facing lack of oxygen (in the
body)
P6 : Oxygen supply equipment / respirator supply enough
oxygen for the body

P7 : (It also) assists in maintaining the pressure of the lungs
P8 : The mountain climber also wearing thick clothes
1
1
P9 : As the altitude increase, the temperature decrease

P10 : Thick clothes help the climber to maintain the body
temperature.
1
1
Any 6 Ps
20 marks
SULIT
PEMARKAHAN)
13
No
9
(a)
4551/2 (PERATURAN
Marks Total
Marks
1
10
Marking Criteria
F : The activity is illegal logging/deforestation
P1 : Soil erosion
P2 : Reduce Water catchment area
P3 : Plant roots system makes the soil stable
P4 : Leaves /branches acting as span to slow down water

flow
P5 : Deforestation cause rain water flow very fast and
erode the soil.
P6 : Landslides
P7 : Forest root system clutch the soil.
P8 : without roots system makes the soil unstable /lead to
landslides
P9 : Flash floods
P10 : The eroded soil carried away by moving water

deposited at the bottom of the rivers
P11 :Contribute to the sedimentation of the rivers becomes
shallow causes flash flood during rainy seasons.

P12 : Loss of biodiversity
P13 : causes organism lose their habitat / extinction of

animals
P14: Climatic changes
P15 : forest acting as Carbon sink of the earth
1
1
1
P16 : absorbed vast amount of carbon dioxide during

photosynthesis and released oxygen to
atmosphere
P17 : Deforestation contribute to increase in the amount of

carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
P18 : Lead to the global warming/green house effect
[any 10 ]
marks
SULIT
PEMARKAHAN)
(b)
(i)
14
4551/2 (PERATURAN
P1:The reaction causes the thinning of ozone layer
P2 : Allowed the UV light penetrate to the earth
P3: destroyed plankton in the food web
P4 : Disturb the ecology balance in the water ecosystem
P5: Decrease the number of stomata and chlorophyll on the
10
marks
leaves
P6: Plant cannot carry out photosynthesis /biotic
component threatened
1
1
P7 : Many plant die// cause carbon dioxide increase
P8 : Atmospheric temperature increase

P9 : Lead to green house effect/global warming
P10: Many organism which feed on plant die
P11:Disturb the food web /ecosystem the any
1
[ Any 8]
F1 : Introduce new chemical substance HCFC to replace
the used of CFC

F3 : Enforce the laws to ban the use of material contains
Chlorofluorocarbon
[ 2 marks]
4551/3
PP
MARKING SCHEME PAPER 3 BIOLOGY
Question 1
Score
3
1(a) [ KB0603 Measuring Using Number ]

Criteria
Able to record all 8 readings of initial mass and final mass of the potato slices in the
spaces provided accurately.
Sample answers:
Concentration of sucrose
solution, M
Initial mass of potato
slices, g
Final mass of potato
slices, g
2
1
0
0.0
14.0+ 0.5
0.2
14.0+ 0.5
0.4
14.0+ 0.5
0.6
14.0+ 0.5
18.0+ 0.5
17.0+ 0.5
15.0+ 0.5
12.0+ 0.5
Able to record any 4-7 reading accurately

Able to record any 1-3 reading accurately
No response or wrong response
1(b)i [ KB0601 Observation ]
Score
3
Criteria
Able to state any two observations correctly based on criteria:
Concentration of sucrose solution
Final mass of potato slices
Sample answer:
1. The final mass of potato slice in 0.2 M/0.4 M/0.6 M/ sucrose solution is
18.0g/17.0g/15.0g/12.0g.
2. The final mass of potato slice in 0.2 M sucrose solution is higher than in 0.6 M
sucrose solution
Able to state:
a) One correct observation and one inaccurate observation.
or
b) Two inaccurate observations.
Sample answers:
Inaccurate observations
1. The final mass of potato slice in 0.2 M/0.4 M/0.6 M/ sucrose solution is the
high /higher /highest / small/smaller/smallest/ change / different / increase /
decrease.
Able to state:
a)Two observations at idea level ( based on any 1 criterion.)
or
b) One correct observation and one observation at idea level
or
c) One correct observation and one wrong observation
or
1
4551/3
PP
One inaccurate observation and one observation at idea level
Sample answers:
Idea level
1. The final mass of potato slices change / different / increase / decrease.
2. The concentration of sucrose solution are different / increase / change.
1(b)ii [ KB0604 Making Inferences ]

Score
Criteria
3
Able to make one accurate inference for each observation based on two criteria:
Sample answers:
1. Water diffuses into the cell ( of potato ) by osmosis because ( 0.2 M / 0.4 M of
sucrose solution ) is hypotonic to the cell ( of potato ).
2. Water diffuses out of the cell ( of potato ) by osmosis because (0.6 M of sucrose
solution ) is hypertonic to the cell ( of potato ).
3. More water diffuses into the cell ( of potato ) by osmosis because (0.2 M sucrose
solution ) is more hypertonic to the cell ( of potato ).
2
Able to make:
a) One accurate inference and one inaccurate inference corresponds to the
observation.
or
b)Able to make two inaccurate inferences corresponds to the observation based on
any one criterion.
Sample answers:
1.Water diffuses into the cell ( of potato ) because ( 0.2 M / 0.4 M/0.6 M of sucrose
solution ) is hypotonic to the cell ( of potato ).
2. Water diffuses out of the cell ( of potato ) by osmosis .
3. More water diffuses into the cell ( of potato ) because (0.2 M sucrose solution ) is
more hypertonic to the cell ( of potato ).
Able to make :
a)Two inferences at idea level ( based on any 1 criterion.)
or
b) One correct and one inference at idea level ( based on any 1 criterion.)
or
c) One correct and one wrong inference.
or
d) One inaccurate and one inference at idea level ( based on any 1 criterion.)
Sample answers:
1. Water diffuses into / out of the cell ( of potato )
2. Osmosis occurs.
3. ( 0.2 M / 0.4 M/0.6 M of sucrose solution ) is hypotonic ( to the cell of potato ).
4. The cell / potato slices become turgid / flaccid / plasmolysed.
2
4551/3
PP
SCORE
3
2
SUMMARY OF SCORING FOR OBSERVATION

CORRECT
INACCURATE
IDEA
2
1
1
1
-
1
2
1
1
-
1
2
1
1
WRONG
1
1
1
1(c)[ KB061001 Controlling Variables]

Score
Criteria
Able to state all the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.
3
Sample answers:
Variable
Manipulated variable:
Concentration / Molarity of sucrose
solution
Responding variable:
Final mass of potato slices //
(Percentage) difference in mass of

potato slices
Controlled variable:
Type of solution // Type of plant // Time
taken to immerse the potato slices
2
1
0
Method to handle the variable

Use different concentration of sucrose
solution // Change the concentration of
sucrose solution from 0.0M to 0.2M /
0.4M / 0.5M // use distilled water / 0.2M
/ 0.4M / 0.6M of sucrose solution
Record the final mass of potato slices
using weighing machine //
Calculate the percentage of potato
slices by using formula:
Final mass initial mass x 100%
Initial mass
Use only sucrose solution// use only

potato // Fix the time of immersion at 20
minutes
6 ticks
Able to state 4 - 5 of the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.
4-5 ticks
Able to state 1 - 3 of the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.
2-3 ticks
0 tick
3
4551/3
PP
1(d)[ KB0611 Making Hypothesis ]
Score
3
Criteria
Able to state a hypothesis based on 3 criteria:
P1: Manipulated variable Concentration of sucrose solution
P2: Responding variable Final mass / ( Percentage ) difference in mass of potato
slice
P3: Relationship between Manipulated variable and Responding variable
Sample answers:
1. The higher the concentration of sucrose solution, the smaller the final mass of
potato slices.
2. The higher the concentration of sucrose solution, the smaller the (percentage)
difference in mass of potato slices.
Able to state a less accurate hypothesis based on any 2 criteria.

Sample answers:
1. The higher the concentration of sucrose solution, the smaller the mass of potato
slices.
2. The higher the concentration, the smaller the difference in the mass of potato
slices.
3. The final mass of potato slices depends on the concentration of sucrose solution.
Able to state hypothesis at idea level based on one criterion.

Sample answers:
1. 0.2 M sucrose solution is hypotonic to the cell sap of potato.
2. 0.6 M sucrose solution is hypertonic to the cell sap of potato.
3. Concentration of sucrose solution between 0.4 M and 0.6 M is isotonic to the
cell sap of potato.
Note :
Accept Hypothesis with wrong conclusion
Eg: The higher the concentration of sucrose solution, the higher the final mass of
potato slices.
Reject Reverse hypothesis
Eg: As the final mass of potato increases, the concentration of sucrose solution
increases.
4
4551/3
PP
1(e)i [ KB0606 Communicating ]

Score
Criteria
Able to construct a table and fill in the data accurately based on three criteria:
3
Criteria:
T : Correct title and units
D : Complete and correct data
C : Correct calculation
Sample answers:
T : Correct title and units
Concentration of
sucrose solution,M
Initial mass of
potato slices, g
Final mass of
potato slices, g
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
18.0
17.0
15.0
12.0
D : Complete and correct data

2
1
0
Percentage
difference in the
mass of potato
slice, %
28.6 // 28.57
21.4 //21.42
7.1 // 7.14
-14.3 // -14.29
C : Correct calculation
Able to construct a table based on any two criteria.

Able to construct a table based on any one criterion
1(e)ii [KB0608 - Space and Time Relationship]

Score
Criteria
3
Able to plot a graph of percentage difference in mass of potato slices against the
concentration of sucrose solution based on three criteria:
Criteria:
P : Both axes with correct units
Y axis Percentage difference in mass of potato slices,%
X axis Concentration of sucrose solution, M
T : All points plotted correctly
B : Smooth curve joining all points
Sample answer:
5
4551/3
2
1
0
PP
Able to plot a graph based on any two criteria.

Able to plot a graph based on any one criterion
1(f)[ KB0607 - Interpreting Data]

Score
Criteria
3
Able to explain the relationship between the concentration of sucrose solution and
the percentage difference in mass of potato based on the following aspects:
P1 : Correct relationship
P2 : The solution is (more) hypertonic // Isotonic
P3 : Diffusion of water by osmosis
Sample answer:
1. (P1)The higher the concentration of sucrose solution, the smaller the (percentage)
difference in mass of potato slices.(P2)The solution is (more) hypertonic to the cell (
of
potato ), (P3) water diffuses out of the cell by osmosis.
2. (P1)When the concentration of sucrose solution is 0.48M (value of concentration
of sucrose solution where the line intercept x-axis ;0.45 0.5M) ,the percentage
difference in mass of potato is zero. (P2)The solution is isotonic to the cell (of potato
) ,(P3)water diffuses in and out of the cell at equal rate.
6
4551/3
2
PP
Able to explain the relationship between the concentration of sucrose solution and
the percentage difference in mass of potato based on any two criteria.
Sample answer:
difference in mass of potato slices.(P2)The solution is (more) hypertonic to the cell (
of potato ).
2. (P1)When the concentration of sucrose solution is 0.48M,the percentage
difference in mass of potato is zero. (P2)The solution is isotonic to the cell (of potato
)
Able to state the relationship between the concentration of sucrose solution and the
percentage difference in mass of potato without explanation / with wrong
explanation.
Sample answer:
difference in mass of potato slices.
2. (P1)When the concentration of sucrose solution is 0.48M ,the percentage
difference in mass of potato is zero. The sucrose solution diffuse in and out of the
cell at equal rate.
No response or wrong response // Wrong relationship // Reverse relationship
1(g) [ KB0605 - Predicting ]

Score
Criteria
3
Able to predict the result based on 3 criteria:
P1: Prediction of final mass of potato slice
P2: 0.7M sucrose solution is hypertonic to the cell of potato
P3: Diffusion of water by osmosis
Sample answers:
The final mass of potato slice is less than 12.0 g / any value less than 12.0 g /
decreases (P1) because 0.7M sucrose solution is hypertonic to the cell of potato
(P2). Water diffuses out by osmosis (P3)
2
1
0
Able to predict the result based on any 2 criteria ( P1 and P2/P3 )

Able to predict the result based on any one criterion.( P1 only )
No response or wrong response // Wrong prediction
7
4551/3
PP
1(h)[ KB0609 - Define Operationally ]

Score
Criteria
Able to define osmosis based on the experiment correctly based on three criteria:
3
D1 Movement of water ( molecule ) into the cell of potato // from the cell of potato
// through the semi permeable membrane of potato cell
D2 Shown by changes in mass of potato slices.
D3 Affected by concentration of sucrose solution
Sample answer:
1. Osmosis is the movement of water molecule into the cell of potato slices (D1)
shown by the changes in mass of potato slices (D2). Osmosis is affected by
concentration of sucrose solution (D3).
2
Able to define osmosis based on any 2 criteria.
Able to state define osmosis based on any 1 criterion // Theoritical definition of

osmosis.
Theoritical definition :
Osmosis is the movement of water molecule from high water concentration region to
low water concentration region through a semi-permeable membrane

1(i) [KB0602 - Classifying]
Score
3
Criteria
Able to classify the apparatus and materials according to the correct variables .
Sample answer:
Manipulated variables
Responding variable
Fixed variables
Sucrose solution 1M, 2M

and 3M
Ruler
Carrot
Beaker
All four correct

2
1
0
2 3 correct
1 correct
All wrong
8
4551/3
PP
Question 2
Item
no
2(i)
Explanation
Able to state problem statement correctly based on three
aspects
Score
3
C1: Light intensity / distance of light source

C2: Rate of transpiration in Hibiscus sp / other named plant.
H : Relationship in question form.
Sample answer:
1. Does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration (in
Hibiscus sp) ?
2. What is the effect of light intensity on the rate of transpiration
(in Hibiscus sp)?
Able to state problem statement inaccurately based on any two
aspects
Sample answer:
1. How does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration
2. What is the effect of light intensity on transpiration?
3. Does light intensity affect transpiration process?
4. What factor affects the rate of transpiration?
Able to state the problem statement correctly based on any one
aspect or at idea level
Sample answer:
1. Light intensity affect transpiration
2. How does transpiration occurs?
2(ii)
No response or wrong answer
Able to state hypothesis correctly based on the following

aspect:
C1: Light intensity / distance of light source

C2: Rate of transpiration (in Hibiscus sp )/ (other named plant.)
H : Relationship
Sample answer:
1. The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of transpiration
( in Hibiscus sp / other named plant ) / vice versa.
2. As light intensity increase, the rate of transpiration in Hibiscus
sp. / other named plant increase / vice versa
9
4551/3
PP
Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on any two
aspects / two inaccurate aspects
Sample answer:
1. Light intensity cause the rate of transpiration in Hibiscus sp /
other named plant to increase
2. Rate of transpiration is affected by light intensity
3. Different light intensity causes different rate of transpiration
4. More light causes higher rate of transpiration / vice versa
Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on any one aspect
or at idea level
Sample answer:
1. Transpiration of Hibiscus sp / other named plant decrease
2. Transpiration occurs in leaves
2(iii)
Able to state all the 3 variables correctly
Manipulated variable: Light intensity / distance of light source

Responding variable: Rate of transpiration in Hibiscus sp /
other named plant // time taken for air
bubble to moves at 5cm distance /
Constant variable:
2(iv)
Type of plant / same temperature /

air movement
Able to state any 2 variables correctly
Able to state any 1 variables correctly
Able to list out all the apparatus and materials /

4 Materials and 10 Apparatus correctly
Materials:
Hibiscus sp leafy shoot / other named plant leafy shoot , tissue
paper / cloth , grease / vaseline, water
Apparatus:
Potometer ( rubber tubing + capillary tube) , beaker, retort stand,
ruler, marker pen, stopwatch, light source, basin , knife and thread
Able to list out 3-4 Materials and 5-9 Apparatus correctly
Able to list out 1-2 Materials and 1-4 Apparatus correctly
10
4551/3
2(v)
PP
Able to write the procedures of experiment based on the

following aspects:
K1 :
K2 :
K3 :
K4 :
K5 :
Setting apparatus (at least 5 steps / 5K1)

Operating constant variable ( 1 K2)
Operating responding variable ( 1 K3 )
Operating manipulated variable ( 1 K4 )
Precaution or procedure to get accurate result ( 1 K5)
Able to state all the 5 K
1. A Hibiscus leafy shoot is chosen, and immersed into a basin

of water.
2. The bottom of the stem is cut under water using a knife.
3. The leafy shoot is joined to a rubber tubing and capillary
tube tightly.
4. Water is filled into the potometer
5. Potometer is clamped to a retort stand and immerse in a
beaker of water.
6. The leaves and stem are wiped dry using a cloth / tissue
paper
7. Vaseline are placed at all joining so that it is air tight.
8. A distance of 5 cm is marked using marker pen at point A
and B on the capillary tube.
9. The end of the capillary tube is lifted out of the beaker to
introduce an air bubble.
10. The potometer is placed at 20 cm from a light source.
11. When the air bubble reached point A, the stopwatch is
started.
12. Record the time taken for air bubble to moves 5cm distance
(from A to B) using a stopwatch
13. This experiment is repeated by using the same plant but by
placing the potometer at 30 cm and 40 cm from the light
source.
14. The rate of transpiration is calculated by using the following
formula:
= Distance of air bubble / 5 cm ( cm )
Time taken
(s)
K1
15. The experiment is repeated to obtain two or more readings.

Record all results in a Table.
K1/K3/K5
Able to state 3K - 4 K
Able to state 1K - 2 K
11
K1 , K5
K1,K5
K1
K1
K1,K5
K5
K1, K2
K1
K1,
K1
K3
K2, K4
K3
2
1
0
4551/3
2(vi)
PP
Able to tabulate a table containing the following aspects:
T : title with correct units
S : value of manipulated variables
Sample data:
Distance of
potometer
from the light
source(cm)
Time taken by the air bubble

Rate of
to travel a distance of 5 cm (s) transpiration
(cm / s)
1
2
Average
20
30
40
Able to state any one aspect
1
0
Sample answer :
Problem Statement :
Does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration (in Hibiscus sp) ?
Hypothesis :
The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of transpiration ( in Hibiscus sp / other
named plant )
Variables :
Manipulated variable: Light intensity/ distance of light source
Responding variable: Rate of transpiration( in Hibiscus sp) / time taken for air bubble to
moves at 5cm distance //
Constant variable:
Type of plant / same temperature / air movement / distance for air

bubble to move
Apparatus/materials
Materials:
Hibiscus sp leafy shoot / other named plant leafy shoot , tissue paper / cloth , grease /
vaseline, water
Apparatus:
Potometer ( rubber tubing + capillary tube) , beaker, retort stand, ruler, marker pen,
stopwatch, light source, basin , knife and thread
Procedure :
1.
A Hibiscus leafy shoot is chosen, and immersed into a basin of water.
12
4551/3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
PP
The bottom of the stem is cut under water using a knife.
The leafy shoot is joined to a rubber tubing and capillary tube tightly.
Water is filled into the potometer
Potometer is clamped to a retort stand and immerse in a beaker of water.
The leaves and stem are wiped dry using a cloth / tissue paper
Vaseline are placed at all joining so that it is air tight.
A distance of 5 cm is marked using marker pen at point A and B on the capillary
tube.
The end of the capillary tube is lifted out of the beaker to introduce an air bubble.
The potometer is placed at 20 cm from a light source.
When the air bubble reached point A, the stopwatch is started.
Record the time taken for air bubble to moves 5cm distance (from A to B) using a
stopwatch
This experiment is repeated by using the same plant but by placing the potometer at
30 cm and 40 cm from the light source.
The rate of transpiration is calculated by using the following formula:
= Distance of air bubble / 5 cm ( cm )
Time taken
(s)
15. The experiment is repeated to obtain two or more readings. Record all results in a
Table.
Result :
Distance of
potometer
from the light
source(cm)
Time taken by the air bubble

Rate of
to travel a distance of 5 cm (s) transpiration
(cm / s)
1
2
Average
20
30
40
13

Kedah Module Peningkatan Prestasi Tingkatan 5 SPM 2014 Biology

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Kedah Module Peningkatan Prestasi Tingkatan 5 SPM 2014 Biology

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SULIT

MODUL PENINGKATAN PRESTASI TINGKATAN 5

Modul ini mengandungi 50 soalan .

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 33 muka surat bercetak.

[Lihat halaman sebelah

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Diagram 3 shows a type of tissue.

Diagram 4 shows the structure of plasma membrane.

What is the main component of P and Q?

A stalk of mustard green is cut longitudinally into four equal strips.

Percentage change in mass /%

At which point A, B, C or D, the concentration of sucrose solution is hypertonic to the

Diagram 5 shows changes of a protein structure causes by factor X .

Normal protein molecule

Diagram 6 shows the action of enzyme to form a disaccharide.

Diagram 7 shows a stage of cell division in an organism.

Which statements are true?

The diploid number of this organism is 6

The stage of the cell division is metaphase 1

The haploid number of this organism is 4

The stage of the cell division is prophase 1

Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells.

Formation of new species

Formation of pollen grain

Formation of sperm cells

Diagram 8 shows a type of techique used in the agricultural sector.

To produce more healthier plants

Maintains the genetic materials of the chromosome in the plants

All the clones have different resistance towards diseases.

Plant produced are differ from parents cell.

After cell division

Diagram 9 below shows part of the human digestive system.

Diagram 10 shows a food guide pyramid.

A medical check-up shows that a patients pancreas is

Taking glucose injections

Digestion of food involves several organs and secretion of enzymes.

Which type of carbohydrate is found in abundance in liver?

A student takes part in a 200 m sprint event.

Lactic acid + Energy

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carbon dioxide + water + energy

Which of the following causes the dough to increase in size?

Diagram 13 shows a type of an interaction of an organism.

Diagram 14 shows the three types of plants in a mangrove forest.

Diagram 15 show four types of plants K, L, M, and N in an anbondoned pond.

Which of the following shows the sequence of succession in the pond?

Diagram 16 shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Table 3 shows content of pollutant in the river of P,Q ,R and S.

Diagram 17 shows a human activity.

B.O.D value in the river decrease

The habitat of the flora and fauna increase

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Which of the following is true about P and Q ?