H v tn: Phan L T Anh

MSSV: 12126103
CNG NGH LN MEN I
(Bi tp s 3)
I. Cac loai n vi c s dung trong Khoa hoc ky thu t:
- H o lng quc t (vit tt SI, ting Phap: Systme
International d'units) l h o lng c s dng rng ri nht. N
c s dng trong hot ng kinh t, thng mi, khoa hc, giao dc, ky
thu t v cng ngh ca phn ln cac nc trn th gii ngoi
tr M, Liberiav Myanma.
- Nm 1960, SI c chn lm b tiu chun thu gn ca h o
lng Mt-Kilogram-Giy hin hnh, hn l ca h thng o lng
c Xentimt-Gram-Giy. Mt s n v o lng mi c b sung cng
vi s gii thiu ca SI cng nh vo sau
- H o lng quc t tham chiu n cac tiu chun c trng ca
o lng c ngun gc hoc m rng t h mt; tuy nhin, khng phi
ton b cac n v o lng ca h mt c chp nhn lm n v o
lng ca SI.
- C by n v c bn v mt s n v dn xut, cng vi mt b
cac tin t. Cac n v o lng phi SI c th chuyn i sang n v o
lng ca SI (hoc ngc li) ph hp vi cac h s chuyn i n v o
lng. Hu ht mi n v phi SI c nh ngha li theo cac n v
ca SI.
1. Cac n vi c ban:
- Cac n v o lng di y l nn tng c s t cac n v
khac c suy ra (dn xut), chng l hon ton c lp vi nhau. Cac
nh ngha di y c chp nhn rng ri.
Cac n v o lng c bn:
Tn

Ky
hiu

ai lng

inh ngha

mt

Chiu di

n v o chiu di tng ng vi
chiu di qung ng i c ca mt
tia sang trong chn khng trong khong
thi gian 1 / 299 792 458 giy (CGPM Hi ngh chung v cn o (Phap: Confrence gnrale

ln th 17 (1983)
Ngh quyt s 1, CR 97). Con s ny l
chnh xac v mt c nh ngha theo
cach ny.
des poids et mesures - CGPM)

kilogra
m

kg

n v o khi lng bng khi lng

ca kilogram tiu chun quc t (qu cn
hnh tr bng hp kim platin-irii) c
gi ti Vin o lng quc t (vit tt
ting Phap: BIPM), Svres, Paris (CGPM
Khi lng ln th 1 (1889), CR 34-38. N cng l
n v o lng c bn duy nht cn
c nh ngha bng nguyn mu vt c
th thay v c o lng bng cac hin
tng t nhin (Xem thm bi
v kilogram c cac nh ngha khac).

giy

Thi gian

ampe

Cng
dng in

n v o thi gian bng chnh xac 9 192

631 770 chu k ca bc x ng vi s
chuyn tip gia hai mc trng thai c
bn siu tinh t ca nguyn t xzi-133
ti nhit 0 K (CGPM ln th 13 (19671968) Ngh quyt 1, CR 103).
n v o cng dng in l dng
in c nh, nu n chy trong hai dy
dn song song di v hn c tit din
khng ang k, t cach nhau 1 mt trong
chn khng, th sinh ra mt lc gia hai
dy ny bng 2107newton trn mt mt
chiu di (CGPM ln th 9 (1948), Ngh

quyt 7, CR 70).

kelvin

mol

candela

mol

cd

Nhit

n v o nhit nhit ng hc (hay

nhit tuyt i) l 1 / 273,16 (chnh
xac) ca nhit nhit ng hc ti
im cn bng ba trng thai ca
nc (CGPM ln th 13 (1967) Ngh
quyt 4, CR 104).

S ht

n v o s ht cu thnh thc th bng

vi
s nguyn
t trong
0,012
kilogram cacbon-12 nguyn cht (CGPM
ln th 14 (1971) Ngh quyt 3, CR 78).
Cac ht c th l cac nguyn t, phn
t, ion, in t... N xp x 6.022 141 99
1023 ht.

Cng
chiu sang

n v o cng chiu sang l cng

chiu sang theo mt hng cho trc
ca mt ngun phat ra bc x n sc vi
tn s 5401012 hertz v cng bc x
theo hng l 1/683 oat trn
mt steraian(CGPM ln th 16 (1979)
Ngh quyt 3, CR 100).

Cac n vi o dn xut khng th nguyn

Cac n v o lng ca SI c suy ra t cac n v o c bn v l
khng th nguyn. Cac n v o dn xut khng th nguyn ca SI:
Tn

raian

Ky
ai
hiu lng o
rad

Gc

inh ngha

n v o gc l gc trng ti tm ca
mt hnh trn theo mt cung c chiu di

bng chiu di ban knh ca ng trn. Nh

vy ta c 2 raian trong hnh trn.

steraia
n

sr

n v o gc khi l gc khi trng ti tm

ca mt hnh cu c ban knh r theo mt phn
Gc khi
trn b mt ca hnh cu c din tch r. Nh
vy ta c 4 steraian trong hnh cu.

2. Cac n vi dn xut vi tn c bit

Cac n v o c bn c th ghp vi nhau suy ra nhng n v o khac
cho cac i lng khac. Mt s c tn theo bng di y. Cac n v dn
xut ca SI vi tn c bit:
Tn

Ky
hiu

ai lng o

Chuyn sang n vi c
ban

hertz

Hz

Tn s

s1

newton

Lc

kg m s 2

joule

Cng

N m = kg m2 s2

watt

Cng sut

J/s = kg m2 s-3

pascal

Pa

p sut

N/m2 = kg m1 s2

lumen

lm

Thng lng chiu

sang (quang thng)

cd

lux

lx

ri

cd m2

coulomb

Tnh in

As

vn

Hiu in th

J/C = kg m2 A1 s3

ohm

in tr

V/A = kg m2 A2 s3

farad

in dung

1 s = A2 s4 kg1 m2

weber

Wb

T thng

kg m2 s2 A1

tesla

Cng cm ng t

Wb/m2 = kg s2 A1

henry

Cng t cm

s = kg m2 A2 s2

siemens

dn in

1 = kg1 m2 A s

Becquerel

Bq

Cng phng x (phn r

trn n v thi gian)

s1

gray

Gy

Lng hp th (ca bc x ion

ha)

J/kg = m2 s2

sievert

Sv

Lng tng ng (ca bc

x ion ha)

J/kg = m s2

katal

kat

hot ha xc tac

mol/s = mol s1

nhit

nhit nhit ng hc

Celsius

K - 273,15

3. Cac n vi phi SI c chp nhn s dung vi SI

Tn

Ky
hiu

ai lng
o

pht

min

thi gian

1 min = 60 s

gi

thi gian

1 h = 60 min = 3 600 s

ngy

thi gian

1 d = 24 h = 1 440 min = 86 400 s

(ca cung)

gc

1 = (/180) rad

pht (ca
cung)

gc

1 = (1/60) = ( / 10 800) rad

giy (ca
cung)

gc

1 = (1/60) = (1 / 3 600) = ( / 648

000) rad

lt

l hay L

th tch

tn

Tng ng vi n vi SI

0,001 m

khi lng 1 t = 10 kg

Ngoi cac bng trn, cn c m t s n v khac c s dung trong Khoa

hc v k thu t nh:

Cac n vi phi SI cha c chp nhn bi CGPM

Cac n vi kinh nghim phi SI c chp nhn s dung trong SI
Cac n vi phi SI khac hin c chp nhn s dung trong SI
Cc tin t ca SI

II.

Cac h s chuyn i n vi:

Sau y l Bng tnh chuyn i mt s n v sang h SI:

1in = 0,0254m
1. Chiu di

1ft = 0,3048m
1yard = 0,914m
1mile = 1609,35m
1mph (miles per hour) = 0,447m/s

2.Tc

3. Din tch

1ft/min (fpm) = 0,0051m/s

1km/h = 0,278m/s
1s.in = 0,465.10-3m2
1sq.ft = 0,929m2
1lb (pound) = 0,4536kg
1Zentner

4.Khi lng

1grain

= 50kg
= 64,8.10-6kg

1ton (long) = 1016kg

5. Lc
6. p sut

1ton (short) = 907kg

1dyn = 10-5N
1kG = 9,81N
1kG/cm2 = 1at
= 98100N/m2

= 0,981bar
1bar

= 105N/m2

1mbar = 100N/m2
1atm = 1,013bar
10mH2O = 1at = 0,981bar
760mmHg = 1atm = 1,013bar
750mmHg = 1bar
735,5mmHg = 1at = 0,981bar
1mmHg = 1Torr = 133,2N/m2
1Pa = 1N/m2
1psi (lb/in2) = 0,06895bar
1in Hg = 3387N/m2

7. Nhit dung ring

8. Nhit

1inWS =3387Pa
1kcal/kg = 4187J/kgK
1Btu/lbFdeg = 4187J/kgK
toC = 9/5(toF - 32)
toF = 9/5toC + 32
tK = toC + 273,15
1cu.in = 16,39.10-6m3
1cu.ft = 0,02832.106m3
1imp.gallon = 4,546.10-3m3

1USA gallon (cht lng) = 3,785.10-3m3

9. Th tch,
lulng th tch 1USA gallon (cht kh) = 4,405.10-3m3
1bushel (cht kh) = 0,0352m3
1cu.ft/lb = 0,06243m3/kg
10. Cng Nhit
lng

1cfm(cu.ft/min) = 4,72.10-4m3/s
1kWh = 3600kJ

1kGm = 9,81J
1kcal = 4187J
1Btu = 1055J
11. Cng sut
dng nhit

1Btu/lb = 2326J/kg
1kGm/s = 9,81W = 9,81J/s
1 m lc PS = 735,5W
1 m lc HP = 745,5W
1kcal/h = 1,163W
1Btu/h = 0,293W
1USRT (tn lnh M = 12.000Btu/h
= 3024 kcal/h
= 3561W
1IRT (tn lnh Anh) = 4186W
1IKT (tn lnh Nht) = 3860W
1kcal/mh = 1,163W/mK

12. H s dn
nhit

1Btu in/ft2.hFdeg = 0,144W/mK

1Btu in/ft.hFdeg = 1,731W/mK
1cSt(centistokes) = 10-6m2/s

13. nht
ng

1ft2/h = 25,8.10-6m2/s
1ft2/s = 0,0929 m2/s

Ngun ti li u:

www.vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI
www.lanhdhkk.com.vn
(H i khoa hc k thu t lnh v iu ha khng kh Vi t nam)