E CNG MON HOC

1. Ten Mon Hoc: Ky Thuat ien

2. Nganh Hoc:

Khong Chuyen ien

3. So Tiet:

42

4. anh Gia:

Kiem Tra gia Hoc Ky: 20%

Thi cuoi Hoc Ky: 80%

5. Giao Trnh:
[1] Nguyen Kim nh Ky Thuat ien
Nha Xuat Ban ai Hoc Quoc Gia TPHCM - 2007
[2] Nguyen Kim nh Bai Tap Ky Thuat ien
Nha Xuat Ban ai Hoc Quoc Gia TPHCM - 2007

NOI DUNG MON HOC

CHNG
CHNG
CHNG
CHNG
CHNG
CHNG
CHNG
CHNG
CHNG

1. Khai niem chung ve Mach ien

2. Mach ien hnh sin
3. Cac phng phap giai Mach Sin
4. Mach ien ba pha
5. Khai niem chung ve May ien
6. May Bien Ap
7. ong C Khong ong Bo Ba Pha
8. May Phat ong Bo Ba Pha
9. May ien Mot Chieu.
2

3/3

NOI DUNG CHI TIET

1 Khai Niem Chung ve Mach ien
1.1 Cac Thanh Phan cua Mach ien
1.2 Cau Truc cua Mach ien
1.3 Cac Thong So Che o cua 1 Phan T
1.4 Cac loai Phan T C Ban
1.5 Hai nh Luat Kirchhoff
2 Mach ien Hnh Sin
2.1 Khai Niem Chung ve Ham Sin
2.2 Ap Hieu Dung va Dong Hieu Dung

2.3 Bieu Dien Ap Sin va Dong Sin bang Vect

2.4 Quan He Ap - Dong cua Tai.
2.5 Tong Tr Vect va Tam Giac Tong Tr cua Tai
2.6 Cong Suat Tieu Thu bi Tai.
2.7 Bieu Dien Vect cua Ap, Dong, Tong Tr, va Cong Suat
2.8 He So Cong Suat
2.9 o Cong Suat Tac Dung bang Watlke
2.10 So Phc
2.11 Bieu Dien Mach Sin bang So Phc
4

3. Cac Phng Phap Giai Mach Sin

3.1 Khai Niem Chung
3.2 Phng Phap Ghep Noi Tiep. Chia Ap
3.3 Phng Phap Ghep Song Song. Chia Dong
3.4 Phng Phap Bien oi Y
3.5 Phng Phap Dong Mat Li
3.6 Phng Phap Ap Nut
3.7 Nguyen Ly Ty Le

4. Mach ien Ba Pha

4.1 Nguon va Tai 3 Pha Can Bang
4.2 He Thong 3 Pha Y - Y Can Bang
4.3 He Thong 3 Pha Y - Can Bang, Zd = 0
4.4 He Thong 3 Pha Y - Can Bang, Zd 0
4.5 He Thong 3 Pha Y - Khong Can Bang, Zn = 0
4.6 He Thong 3 Pha Y - Y Khong Can Bang, Zd = 0
4.7 He Thong 3 Pha Can Bang vi Nhieu Tai //.
4.8 He Thong 3 Pha Can Bang vi Tai la ong C 3 Pha
6

5. Khai Niem Chung ve May ien

5.1. nh Luat Faraday.
5.2. nh Luat Lc T
5.3. nh Luat Ampre
5.4. Bai Toan Thuan: Biet , Tm F

6. May Bien Ap (MBA)

6.1 Khai Niem Chung
6.2 Cau Tao cua MBA
6.3 MBA Ly Tng
6.4 Cac MT va PT cua MBA Thc Te
6.5 Che o Khong Tai cua MBA
6.6 Che o Ngan Mach cua MBA
6.7 Che o Co Tai cua MBA

7. ong C Khong ong Bo Ba Pha

7.1. Cau Tao cua CKB3
7.2. T Trng Trong CKB3
7.3. Nguyen Ly Lam Viec cua CKB3
7.4. Cac MT1 Va PT cua CKB3
7.5. CS, TH, va HS cua CKB3
7.6. Momen cua CKB3

8. May Phat ong Bo Ba Pha

8.1. Cau Tao cua MPB3
8.2. Nguyen Ly Lam Viec cua MPB3
8.3. MT va PT cua MPB3
8.4. Phan Tram Thay oi ien Ap cua MPB3
8.5. CS, TH, va HS cua MPB3

10

9. May ien Mot Chieu

9.1. Cau Tao cua MMC
9.2. Nguyen Ly Lam Viec cua MPMC
9.3. S cua MMC
9.4. MPMC Kch T oc Lap
9.5. MPMC Kch T Song Song
9.6. Nguyen Ly Lam Viec cua CMC
9.7. Van Toc cua CMC
9.8. Momen cua CMC
9.9. CMC Kch T Song Song

11

Chng 1 Khai Niem Chung Ve Mach ien

1.1. Cac Thanh Phan Cua Mach ien (H1.1)

H 1.1
1. Nguon ien:

Phat (Cung Cap) ien Nang

2. ng Day:

Dan (Truyen) ien Nang.

3. Thiet B Bien oi: Bien oi Ap, Dong, Tan So

4. Tai ien:

Nhan (Tieu Thu) ien Nang.

12

1.2 Cau Truc Cua Mach ien

1. Phan T Hai au (PT) la

H 1.2

Phan T nho nhat cua mach

ien.

A va B la 2 au Ra, e noi vi

cac PT khac.

2. Mach ien la 1 tap hp PT

noi vi nhau (H 1.3)

! NUT la iem Noi cua n au Ra

(n 2)
H 1.3

! VONG la ng Kn gom m PT
(m 2)
13

1.3 Cac Thong So Che o Cua 1 PT (H

1.4)
1. DONG (tc thi) xac nh bi:
a. Chieu Quy Chieu Dong(CQCD)(
H 1.4

b. Cng o Dong Qua PT: i = i(t)

i > 0 Chieu Dong Thc Te Cung CQCD.

i < 0 Chieu Dong Thc Te Ngc CQCD.

2. AP (tc thi) xac nh bi:

a. Chieu Quy Chieu Ap (CQCA) (+, ).
b. Hieu ien The qua PT: u=u(t).
u > 0 ien The au + Ln Hn ien The au .
u < 0 ien The au + Nho Hn ien The au .
14

3. CONG SUAT (tc thi) (CS).

! Neu mui ten (

) hng t + sang th CS tc thi

tieu thu bi PT la
p(t) = u(t)i(t)

(1.1)

p > 0 PT thc te tieu thu CS

p < 0 PT thc te phat ra CS

4. IEN NANG
ien Nang tieu thu bi PT t t1 en t2 la
Wtt2
1

t2

p(t) dt

(1.2)
15

1.4. Cac Loai PT C Ban

1. Nguon Ap oc Lap (NAL) (H1.5)
H 1.5

! Ap khong phu thuoc Dong

u = e, i

(1.3)

2. Nguon Dong oc Lap (NDL) (H1.6)

H 1.6

! Dong khong phu thuoc Ap

i = ig, u

(1.4)

3. Phan T ien Tr (ien Tr) (H1.7)

H 1.7

! Ap va dong Ty Le Thuan vi nhau

16

uR = RiR

(1.5)

R = ien Tr (T) cua PT ien Tr ()

iR = GuR

(1.6)

G = ien Dan (D) cua PT ien Tr (S)

G=

1
1
; R=
R
G

(1.7)

(1.5) va (1.6) goi la nh luat Om (LO)

! CS tc thi tieu thu bi ien Tr la
2
pR = uR iR = RiR2 = GuR

(1.8)
17

4. PT ien Cam (Cuon Cam) (H1.8)

uL = L

diL
dt

1 t
iL (t) = uL ( ) d + iL (t )
L t

H 1.8

(1.9)
(1.10)

L = ien Cam cua Cuon Cam (H)

5. PT ien Dung (Tu ien) (H1.9)

duC
iC = C
dt
1 t
uC (t) = iC ( ) d + uC (t )
C t

H 1.9

(1.11)
(1.12)

C = ien Dung cua Tu ien (F)

18

1.5. Hai nh luat Kirchhoff

1. nh Luat Kirchhoff Dong (KD)

i en Nut = 0

(1.13)

Tai nut A (H1.10):

H 1.10

i1 - i2 + i3 - i4 = 0
2. nh Luat Kirchhoff Ap (KA)

u doc theo Vong = 0

(1.14)

Trong vong 1234 (ABCD) (H1.11):

H 1.11

u1 - u2 + u3 - u4 = 0
19

Chng 2. Mach ien Hnh Sin

2.1 Khai Niem Chung Ve Ham Sin

T Chng 2, Ap va Dong qua PT tren H 2.1 co Dang

Sin
u = Um sin( t + )

i = Im sin( t + )

(2.1)

H 2.1
!
!

u (Um , ) ; Um = Bien o Ap;

i ( Im , ) ; Im

= Pha Ap
(2.2)
= Bien o Dong; = Pha Dong

= - = Pha Ap - Pha Dong

(2.3)

la Goc Cham Pha Cua Dong So Vi Ap

20

2.2 Ap Hieu Dung (AHD) Va Dong Hieu Dung

(DHD)
1. Tr HD cua 1 ham x(t) tuan hoan chu ky T.
1 T 2
X=
x (t) dt

T
2. AHD va DHD cua Ap Sin va Dong Sin
(2.1)
Um
Im
U=
; I=
2
2
!

(2.4)

(2.5)

Che o lam viec cua 1 PT trong mach sin c

xac nh bi 2 cap so (U, ) va (I, ) (H2.2)

u = U 2 sin( t + ) (U , ) (2.6)
i = I 2 sin( t + ) ( I , )
H 2.2

21

2.3. Bieu Dien Ap Sin Va Dong Sin Bang Vect (H2.3)

1. Ap Vect la vect U co:
o ln = U
Hng: tao vi truc x 1 goc =

2. Dong Vect la vect I co:

o ln = I
Hng: tao vi truc x 1goc =

H 2.3

! Ta co S Tng ng 1 giong 1:
u (U , ) U va i ( I , ) I

Neu i1 I1 va i2 I2
th

i1 i2 I1 I2

(2.7)

(2.8)
22

2.4. Quan He Ap Dong Cua Tai

!

TAI la 1 tap hp PT R, L, C noi vi

nhau va ch co 2 au Ra. (1 Ca)

Che o Hoat ong cua Tai xac
nh bi 2 cap so (U, ) va (I, )

H 2.4

U
( Z > 0)
I
Goc Cua Tai = = - (-90 90 )
Tong Tr (TT) cua Tai = Z =

(2.9)
(2.10)

! Moi Tai c ac trng bi 1 CAP SO (Z, )

23

1. Mach.
a. S o
(H2.5)

va

a)
b. TT va goc

th

vect

b)

H 2.5

R = ien Tr cua PT ien Tr

(2.11)

UR
= R; R = R - R = 0
ZR =
IR

(2.12)

Mach R (R,

0o)

(2.13)
24

2. Mach L
a. S o va o th vect (H2.6)

a)
b. TT va goc

H 2.6

b)

XL = L = Cam Khang cua PT ien Cam

UL
= X L ; L = L - L = +90
ZL =
IL
Mach L (XL, 90o)

(2.14)
(2.15)
(2.16)
25

3. Mach C
a. S o va o th vect (H2.7)

a)
b. TT va goc

H 2.7

b)

1
XC =
= Dung Khang cua PT ien Dung
C
UC
ZC =
= X C ; C = C - C = -90
IC
Mach C (X C , -90 )

(2.17)
(2.18)
(2.19)
26

4. Mach RLC Noi Tiep

a. S o Va o Th Vect (H2.8)

a)
b. TT va Goc

H 2.8

b)

X = X L - X C = ien Khang (K) cua Mach RLCNT (2.20)

U
2
2
-1 X
Z=
= R + X ; = - = tan
I
R
Mach RLC Noi Tiep (Z, )

(2.21)
(2.22)
27

5. Mach RLC song song

a. S o (H2.9) va o th vect (H 2.8b)
b. TT va Goc
G = 1/R = ien Dan

cua R (2.23)

BL = 1/XL = Cam Nap

cua L (2.24)

BC = 1/XC = Dung Nap cua C (2.25)

H 2.9

B = BL BC = ien Nap (N) cua Mach RLCSS

U
Z=
=
I

1
2

G +B

-1

; = - = tan

B
G

Y = 1/Z = I/U = Tong Dan (TD) cua Mach RLCSS

(2.26)
(2.27)
(2.28)
28

2.5 TT Vect va Tam Giac TT(TGTT) cua Tai

TT vect Z co o ln Z va hng
TGTT co canh huyen S va 1 goc bang

R = Zcos = T Tng ng (TT) cua Tai (2.29)

X = Zsin = K Tng ng (KT) cua Tai (2.30)
1. Tai Cam (H 2.10a)
0 < < 90
R > 0 va X > 0

(2.31)

i cham pha so vi u

H 2.10a

29

2. Tai dung (H 2.10b)

-90 < < 0
R > 0 va X < 0

(2.32)

i nhanh pha (- ) so vi u

H 2.10b
3. Tai cong hng (H 2.10c)

=0
R > 0 va X = 0
i cung pha vi u
H 2.10c

(2.33)
30

4. Tai Thuan Cam (H 2.10d)

= +90
R = 0 va X > 0

(2.34)

i cham pha 90 so vi u

H 2.10d

5. Tai thuan dung (H 2.10e)

= -90
R = 0 va X < 0

(2.35)

i nhanh pha 90 so vi u
H 2.10e

31

2.6. CS Tieu Thu Bi Tai (H 2.11)

1. Tai tieu thu 3 loai CS la

Tac Dung P(W); Phan Khang Q(var)

va Bieu Kien S (VA).

S = UI; P = Scos; Q = Ssin

H 2.11

(2.36)

2. CS P va Q tieu thu bi R, L, C la:

PR = RI R2 , PL = 0,
QR = 0,

PC = 0

QL = X L I L2 , QC = - X C IC2

(2.37)

3. Neu tai gom nhieu PT Rk, Lk, Ck th:

2
P = UI cos = PRk = Rk I Rk
2
2
Q = UI sin = QLk + QCk = X Lk I Lk
- X Ck ICk

(2.38)
(2.39)
32

4. CS Vect va Tam Giac CS (TGCS) cua Tai (H 2.12)

CS vect S co o ln S va hng

TGCS co canh huyen S va 1 goc bang

TGCS ong dang vi TGTT

S = I 2 Z; P = I 2 R; Q = I 2 X

a)

H 2.12

(2.40)

b)

Tai Cam thc te tieu thu P va tieu thu Q (H 2.12a)

Tai Dung thc te tieu thu P va phat ra Q (H 2.12b)
33

2.7 Bieu Dien Vect cua Ap Dong, TT,

va CS cua Tai (H 2.13)

a)

c)

b)

H 2.13

d)
34

2.8 He So Cong Suat (HSCS)

1. HSCS cua Tai Tren H 2.11 la:

P
P
= cos
HSCS = =
S UI

(2.41)

= Goc HSCS cua Tai (= Goc cua Tai)

! Tai Cam co HSCS tre, Tai Dung co HSCS sm.

2. S Quan Trong cua HSCS cua Tai.

a)

H 2.14

b)
35

Tren H 2.14a, Nguon Ap co AHD Up cap ien cho

Tai co AHD U va TGCS tren H 2.14b, qua ng
Day co T Rd. Ta co:
P
(2.42)
Dong day Id = Dong tai I =
U cos
(2.43)
Ton Hao (TH) tren day = Pth = Rd I 2
CS phat

= PP = P + Pth

(2.44)

P
100 (2.45)
P + Pth
! Neu cos th I , Pth , PP va %
Hieu Suat (HS) tai ien = % =

Phai tm cach nang cao HSCS cua tai.

36

3. Nang cao HSCS cua tai bang tu bu

a)

H 2.15

b)

Ta muon nang HSCS cua tai tren H 2.15 t cos len

cos1 bang cach ghep 1 tu ien C // tai e c tai mi
(P1, Q1, cos1).
(2.46)
P1 = P + Pc P

Q1 = Q + Qc Qc = Q1 - Q = P (tan 1 - tan ) (2.47)

P (tan - tan 1 )
C=
U 2

(2.48)
37

2.9 o CSTD Bang Watthe (H 2.16)

M va N la hai MMC noi vi

nhau tai 2 nut A va B.

Cuon dong va cuon ap cua

H 2.16

W co 2 au; 1 au anh dau (+).

! Neu chon CQCD () i vao au + cua W va

CQCA (+, ) co au + la au + cua W th

So ch cua W = P = UIcos
= CSTD tieu thu bi N = CSTD phat ra bi M

(2.49)

! Tieu Thu CS am Phat Ra CS dng

38

2.10 So Phc (SP)

1. nh Ngha
n v ao j:

j2 = 1

(2.50)

SP: A = a +jb

(2.51)

a = ReA

= Phan thc cua A

B = ImA
H 2.17

= Phan ao cua A

A* = a jb = SP lien hp (SPLH) cua A

(2.52)
39

2. Bieu Dien Hnh Hoc cua SP (H 2.17)

iem A (a, b) la iem Bieu Dien cua SP A = a + jb

Vect A = OA la Vect Bieu Dien cua SP A= a +jb

S tng ng 1 1:
SP A = a + jb iem A (a, b) Vect A

(2.53)

So thc A = a iem A (a, 0) Truc x

Truc x la Truc Thc (Re).

So ao A = jb iem A(0, b) Truc y

Truc y la Truc ao (Im).

! iem A*(a, b) oi xng vi A (a, b) qua truc thc
40

3. Cac Phep Tnh SP

Cac phep tnh (+, , , ) cua SP Dang Vuong

Goc A = a +jb c lam giong so thc, vi ieu
kien thay j2=1
4. Bien o va Goc cua SP

Bien o cua SP A la chieu dai cua vect A:

A = A = r = a2 + b2

(2.54)

Goc cua SP A la goc ch hng cua vect A:

-1

arg A = = tan

b
a

(2.55)
41

5. Cac Dang Cua SP

a. Dang Vuong Goc

A= a + jb

(2.56)

b. Dang Lng Giac

A = r (cos + jsin)

(2.57)

! Cong Thc Euler:

ej = cos + jsin)

(2.58)

c. Dang Mu Phc

A = rej

(2.59)

! Ky Hieu

d. Dang Cc
!

= cos + jsin

A=r

(r1 1 )(r2 2 ) = r1 r2 1 + 2 ;

r1 1
r
= 1 1 - 2
r2 2
r2

(2.60)
(2.61)
(2.62)

42

2.11
Bie
u Die
n Ma
hgSin
Ba
1. A
p Ph
c va
Docn
Ph
c ng SP

1. Ap Phc la SP
!

U = U Bien o Ap Phc = AHD

arg U = Goc Ap Phc = Pha Ap

2. Dong Phc la SP
!

U = U

I = I

(2.63)
(2.64)
(2.65)

I = I Bien o dong phc = DHD

arg I = I Goc Dong Phc = Pha Dong

! Tren H 2.13b:

U U va I I

(2.66)
43

3. TT phc la SP

Z = Z Bien oTT phc = TT cua Tai

arg Z = Goc TT Phc = Goc cua Tai

! Tren H 2.13c:
4. CS Phc la SP

Z = Z

ZZ
S = S

S = S Bien oCS phc = CSBK cua Tai

arg S = Goc CS Phc = Goc cua Tai

! Tren H 2.13d:

(2.67)
(2.68)

(2.69)

(2.70)

SS

44

5. TD Phc la SP

1
Y = = Y -
Z

! Y = Y : Bien oTD phc = TD cua Tai

arg Y = - : Goc TD phc = -Goc cua Tai

(2.71)

(2.72)

6. LO Phc

(2.9) va (2.10)

U = ZI I = YU

(2.73)

! (2.66) goi la LO Phc cua Tai.

7. Quan He Gia U, I, Z va S cua Tai
!

S = UI* = I 2 Z

(2.74)
45

8. So Sanh Bieu Dien SP (H 2.18) Vi Bieu Dien Vect (H 2.13)

a)

c)

b)

H 2.18

d)

46

9. Y ngha cua Z = R + jX, Y = G + jB, S = P + jQ

ReZ =R = TT ; ImZ = X = KT

CUA
ReY =G = DT; ImY = B = NT

TAI

ReS =P = CSTD; ImS = Q = CSPK

R
X
G
B
G = 2 2 ; B = 2 2 ; R = 2 2 ; X= 2 2
R +X
R +X
G +B
G +B

(2.75)
(2.76)
(2.77)

(2.78)

10. TT phc va TD phc cua R, L, C

ZR = R;

YR = G;

ZL =

jX L ; ZC = jX C

YL = jBL ; YC = jBC

(2.79)
(2.80)
47

11. KD Phc

I en nut = 0

(2.81)

12. KA Phc

U doc theo vong = 0

(2.82)

13. Nguyen ly Bao toan CS phc (H 2.19)

Neu mach gom n MMC

va i t + sang
cua tng MMC th

S k = U k I* k = 0

(2.83)

Pk = 0 va Qk = 0

(2.84)

H 2.19
48

Chng 3. Cac Phng Phap Giai Mach Sin

3.1. Khai Niem Chung
1. Noi Dung Giai Mach Sin

Cho Mach Thc gom 5 loai PT: Nguon Ap e(t), Nguon

Dong ig(t), ien Tr R, ien Cam L, ien Dung C. Ta
muon tm:
a. Ap Tc Thi u(t) va Dong Tc Thi i(t) qua 1 MMC
(PT cung la 1 MMC).
b. CSTD P, CSPK Q, CSBK S do 1 MMC Tieu Thu
hoac Phat Ra.

2. Hai Phng Phap giai mach sin la VECT va SP.

Viec chuyen qua lai gia 2 Phng Phap c thc hien
t H2.13 va H2.18.
49

3. Quy trnh giai mach sin gom 3 bc

B1. Chuyen sang mach phc theo quy tac:

e(t) = E 2 sin( t + ) E = E

i (t) = I 2 sin( t + ) I = I
g
g
g
R, L, C ZR, ZL, ZC; YR, YL, YC theo (2.72) va

(3.1)
(3.2)
(3.3)

An thc u(t) = U 2 sin( t + ) An Phc U = U (3.4)

An thc i(t) =

I 2 sin( t + ) An phc I = I (3.5)

B2. Giai mach phc bang LO, KD, KA e tm U, I.

B3. Chuyen ngc ve mach thc e tm u(t) va i(t) theo
cung quy tac nh Bc 1
50

4. Chu Thch Quan Trong

a. Trong B1 va B3, co the dung 1 trong 4 Dang cua Ham

Sin: HD-sin, HD-cos, C-sin, va C-cos; nhng cac

cong thc tnh P,Q, S, S ch ung khi dung dang HD!

b. TAI:

U = Z I hoac I = Y U

(3.6)

c. NGUON AP:

U=E

(3.7)

d. NGUON DONG:

I = Ig

(3.8)

e. MMC: Neu CQCD Cung (Ngc) CQCA th CS Phc

do MMC TIEU THU (PHAT RA) la:

S = U I*

(3.9)
51

3.2. Phng Phap Ghep Noi tiep. Chia Ap (H 3.1)

U = Ap Tong; I = Dong Chung
Uk = Ap qua Zk (k = 1,2)

Uk = ZkI

(3.10)

U = U1 + U2 = (Z1 + Z2)I = ZtI

H 3.1

! Cong Thc Chia Ap

(CTCA)

Zt = Z1 + Z2
U
I=
Zt
Z1
Z2
U1 =
U; U 2 =
U
Zt
Zt

(3.11)
(3.12)

(3.13)
52

3.3. Phng Phap Ghep Song Song. Chia Dong (H 3.2)

I = Dong Tong; U = Ap Chung
Ik = Dong qua Yk (k=1,2)

I k = Yk U

I = I1 + I2 = ( Y1 + Y2 )U = Yt U

!
H 3.2

Yt = Y1 + Y2

! Cong Thc Chia Dong

(CTCD)

(3.14)

I1 =

(3.15)

I
U=
Yt

(3.16)

Y
Y1
I; I2 = 2 I
Yt
Yt

(3.17)
53

3.4 Phng Phap Bien oi Y (H 3.3)

a)

b)

H 3.3
Y
Y
Z12 Z31
Z1Z2
Z12 = Z1 + Z2 +
(3.18) Z1 = Z + Z + Z
Z3
12
23
31
.....
...

(3.19)

! 3TT bang nhau

(3.20)

Z = 3ZY hay ZY = Z/3

54

3.5. Phng Phap Dong Mat Li (DML)

1. Mach 1 ML (H 3.4)
B1. Chon An Chnh = DML IM1
B2. Phng trnh DML co dang
Z11I M 1 = EM 1

H 3.4

(3.21)

Z11 = Zk trong ML1

(3.22)

EM 1 = Ek trong ML1

(3.23)

! Ek mang dau + () neu CQCDML ra khoi au + () cua EM1

E
(3.24)
B3. Giai (3.21)
I M1 = M1
Z11
55

B4. Tnh Dong PT theo dong ML: I1 = I M 1 , I2 = -I M 1 ...

B5. Tnh Ap PT:
U1 = E1 , U 2 = Z2I2 , U 3 = -E3 , U 4 = -Z4 I4
B6. Tnh P, Q, S, S do tng PT tieu thu hoac phat ra:
a. Nguon Ap E1 phat ra:

S1 = E1I*1 = P1 + jQ1 (3.25)

E1 phat ra CSTD = P1 va CSPK = Q1

b. Nguon ap E3 tieu thu:

S3 = E3I*3 = P3 + jQ3

E1 tieu thu CSTD = P3 va CSPK = Q3 ... (3.26)

B7. Kiem tra Nguyen Ly Bao Toan P va Q

P phat = P thu; Q phat = Q thu

(3.27)
56

2. Mach 2 ML (H 3.5)
B1. Chon 2 An Chnh
la 2 DML IM1 va IM2
(CQC la CKH).

H 3.5

B2. He phng trnh

DML co dang:

Z11I M 1 + Z12I M 2 = EM 1

Z21I M 1 + Z22I M 2 = EM 2

(3.28)

! Zii xac nh nh (3.22); EMi nh (3.23)

!

Z12 = Z21 = - Zk chung cua ML1 va ML2

B3. Giai (3.28) I M 1 va I M 2 I k , U k , Sk ...

(3.29)
57

3.6 Phng Phap Ap Nut.

1. nh Ngha (H 3.6)

Xet 1 mach co nhieu nut A, B,

T chon 1 NUT CHUAN N.

Goi AP NUT = AP gia nut o

va nut chuan N:

U A = U AN

UN = UNN = 0

U A - UB = E1 ;

H 3.6

UG = E3

I2 = Y2 (UC - UD ); I4 = Y4 UH

(3.30)
(3.31)
(3.32)
(3.33)
58

2. Mach 2 Nut (H 3.7)

B1. Chon N lam nut chuan
B2. Chon An Chnh = UA
B3. Ik = Yk(UA Ek) (3.34)
B4. Ik = Yk(UA Ek) = 0
H 3.7

(Yk)UA = YkEk

(3.35)

B5. Giai Phng Trnh Ap Nut (3.35)

Yk Ek
UA =
Yk
B6. Tnh Ik t (3.34) Uk, Sk ...

(3.36)
59

3.7 Nguyen Ly Ty Le

Neu nhan tat ca Nguon Ek va Igk cua 1 Mach cho cung

1 SP A = k th Ap Ukva Dong Ik qua tng PT cung

c nhan cho A
! AHD va DHD cua tng PT c nhan cho k
! Pha Ap va Pha Dong cua tng PT c cong cho

Neu tap nguon {Ek, Igk} ap ng {Uk, Ik}

th tap nguon {AEk, AIgk} ap ng {AUk, AIk}
60

Chng 4. Mach ien Ba Pha

4.1 Nguon Va Tai Ba Pha Can Bang (3CB)

1. Ky Hieu Hai Ch So (H 4.1)

H 4.1

a. Uab = Ap qua ab

Uab = Ua - Ub = -Uba
Uab = Uac + Ucb

(4.1)
(4.2)

b. Iab = Dong t a en b

Iab = -Iba

(4.3)

c. Zab = TTT noi a vi b

Zab = Zba

(4.4)

! Khong can CQC

Uab = ZabIab

(4.5)
61

2. Nguon Ap 3CB (NA3CB) la 1 bo ba NA sin

co cung AHD, cung tan so, nhng lech pha 120o
tng oi mot (H 4.2). Ta ch xet th t thuan.

a)
Uax = Upa
Uby = Upa - 120
Ucz = Upa - 240

b)

H 4.2

! Ch can biet Uax

(4.6)

Uby = Uax - 120

Ucz = Uax - 240

62

3. NA3CB au Sao (Y) (H 4.3)

b)

a)

H 4.3

Up = AHD pha
Ud = AHD day

a. Ap pha = (Uan, Ubn, Ucn); Ap day = (Uab, Ubc, Uca)

b. Quan he gia Ap pha va Ap day

(4.7)
U
U

3
30

ab
an

63
Uab nhanh pha 30 so vi Uan

Ud = 3Up

4. NA3CB au Tam Giac ()(H 4.4)

Ap day = Ap pha
= (Uab, Ubc, Uca)
H 4.4

Ud = Up

(4.8)

5. Tai 3CB au Y (H 4.5a) hoac (H 4.5b)

Z p = TT pha
Z p = Rp + jX p
Z p = Z p
a)

H 4.5

b)

64

4.2. He Thong 3 Y-Y CB (H 4.6)

1. nh Ngha.

H 4.6

a. (Uan, Ubn, Ucn) = Ap Pha Nguon

b. (Uab, Ubc, Uca) = Ap Day Nguon

Z p = Rp + jX p
Z p = Z p
Zd = Rd + jX d

65

c. (UAN , UBN , UCN ) = Ap Pha Tai.

d.(UAB , UBC , UCA ) = Ap Day Tai.
e. (U aA , U bB , U cC ) = Sut Ap Tren ng Day
f. (I na , I nb , I nc )

= Dong Pha Nguon

g. (I AN , I BN , ICN ) = Dong Pha Tai

h. (I aA , IbB , I cC )

= Dong Day

! Tat ca ap va dong tren eu co TH T THUAN,

va ch can biet 1 trong 3. V du:
Uca = Uab - 240 ; UBN = UCN 120 ; I bB= I aA - 120
66

2. Giai Mach 3 (H 4.6) tren c s Mach 1 (H4.7)

Z p = Rp + jX p
Z p = Z p
Zd = Rd + jX d

a. Dong

H 4.7

I na = I aA= IAN =

Uan
Zp + Zd

b. Ap UAN = ZpIAN ; UaA = Z dI aA; UAB = UAN 3 30

Neu at
th

UAB = Ud ; UAN = Up ; IaA = Id ; IAN = Ip

Ud = 3 Up ; Id = Ip (Tai Y )

(4.9)
(4.10)
(4.11)
67

3. Cong Suat, Ton Hao, va Hieu Suat (CS, TH, HS)

a. CS do tai 3 tieu thu
P = 3Up Ip cos ; Q = 3Up Ip sin ; S = 3Up Ip

(4.12)

P = 3Ud Id cos ; Q = 3Ud Id sin ; S = 3Ud Id (4.13)

P = 3Ip2 Rp ;

Q = 3Ip2 Xp ;

S = 3Ip2 Zp

(4.14)

b. TH Tren ng Day 3
Pth = 3Id2 Rd ; Qth = 3Id2 Xd

(4.15)

c. CS do Nguon 3 phat ra
PP = P + Pth ; QP = Q + Qth ; SP =

PP2 + QP2

(4.16)
68

d. HS Tai ien
P
P
% =
100 =
100
PP
P + Pth

% =

Rp
Rp + Rd

100

(4.17)

(4.18)

4. Tnh CSTD, CSPK, CSBK bang CS Phc

a.

S = 3UAN I*AN = 3Zp Ip2 = P + jQ

(4.19)

b.

Sth = 3UaAI*aA = 3Zd Id2 = Pth + jQth

(4.20)

c.

Sp = 3UanI*na = PP + jQP

(4.21)
69

4.3 He thong 3 Y- CB, Zd = 0 (H 4.8)

H 4.8

a)
1. Ap:

b)

Uab = Uan 3 30 ; UAB = Uab

2. Dong: IAB =

UAB
;
Zp

(4.22)

IaA = IAB 3 - 30 (4.23)

! Neu at U = U = U ; I = I ; I = I
AB
d
p aA
d AB
p
th

U d = U p ; Id = 3I p (TAI D)

(4.24)

70

4.4. He thong 3 Y- CB, Zd 0 (H4.9a)

a)

b)

H 4.9

B1. Bien Tai (Zp) thanh Tai Y (Zp/3) (H4.9b)

B2. I na = I aA = I AN

U an
=
;
Z p /3 + Zd

B3. UAN = (Zp /3)IAN ; UaA = ZdIaA ;

I AB =

I aA
3

30

(4.25)

UAB = UAN 3 30 (4.26)

71

4.5. He thong 3 Y-Y KCB, Zn = 0 (H 4.10a)

a)

H 4.10

b)

B1. Tach mach 3 thanh 3 mach 1 oc lap (H4.10b)

B2
B3

I na = I aA = I AN

U an
=
...
Zd + Z AN

I Nn = I AN + I BN + ICN

(4.27)
(4.28)
72

4.6. He Thong 3 Y- KCB, Zd = 0 (H 4.11)

B1. Uab = Uan 3 30 (4.29)
B2. UAB = Uab
UAB
B3. IAB =
ZAB
IaA = IAB - ICA
B4.

(4.30)
(4.31)
(4.32)

H 4.11

! CS trong he thong 3 KCB c tnh tren tng PT.

Tren H 4.11, CS phc do nguon 3 phat ra la:
SP = Sna + Snb + Snc = UanI*na + UbnI*nb + UcnI*nc

= ( Pna + jQna ) + ( Pnb + jQnb ) + ( Pnc + jQnc ) = PP + jQP

73

4.7. He Thong 3 CB Vi Nhieu Tai au //. (H4.12a)

H 4.12
Co n tai au SS; moi tai au Y hoacD
Tai k c xac nh bi

Hoac TGTT ( Rpk , X pk , Z pk , Z p ) ( H 4.12b)

Hoac TGCS ( Pk , Qk , Sk , Sk )

( H 4.12c)

74

1. Bai Toan 1. Biet Uan , Zd , va Zpk

B1. Bien oi Y D roi tnh Z pt cua n tai
B2. Tnh I aA roi dung Cong Thc Chia Dong
2. Bai toan 2. Biet Ud = UAB va Sk . Tnh lan lt:
B1.

P = Pk ; Q = Qk ; S =

B2.

Id = IaA = S/ 3U d

(4.34)

B3. P = 3I 2 R ; Q = 3I 2 X
d
d d
d
d d

(4.35)

P 2 + Q2

B4. PP = P + Pd ; QP = Q + Qd ; SP =

(4.33)

PP2 + QP2

B5. U ab = U dP = SP / 3Id ; cos P = PP /SP

(4.36)
(4.37)
75

4.8. He thong 3CB vi tai la ong c 3 (H 4.13)

H 4.13
C3 la 1 Tai ien 3 co HSCS = cos va bien

CS ien Vao P1 thanh CS C Ra P2

HS cua C3 la

= P2 / P1
Id =

P2

3Ud cos

(4.38)
(4.39)
76

Chng 5. Khai Niem Chung Ve May ien

5.1. nh Luat Faraday
1. nh Luat S Bien Ap (H 5.1)
(t) = T Thong Tc Thi

xuyen qua 1 vong

v(t) = S cam ng

trong 1 vong
! ev(t) = uab(t) khi i(t) = 0
!
H 5.1

Cuon day N vong:

d (t)
ev (t) = dt

(5.1)

d (t)
e(t) = - N
dt

(5.2)
77

2. nh Luat S May
Phat (H 5.2)
ab: Day Dan chieu dai l
B = Mat o T Thong
v = Van Toc cua day

H 5.2

e = Bvl

(5.3)

5.2. nh Luat Lc T (H
5.3)
I = Dong qua day dan ab
B = Mat o T Thong
l = Vect Dong

F = BIl
H 5.3

(5.4)
78

5.3. nh Luat Ampere (H 5.4)

I1, I2, la n dong
C = ng kn
H = T trng tai P C

H 5.4

C H.dl = Ik bao bi C

(5.5)

5.4. nh Luat Om T (H 5.5)

1. Loi Thep co:
l = Chieu dai
S = Tiet dien
= o T Tham Tuyet oi

H 5.5

R = l/S = T Tr

79

r = / = o T Tham Tng oi

(5.6)

= 4 10-7 (H /m) = o T Tham Tuyet oi cua CK

2. Cuon Day co N vong, mang dong I, St F= NI
3. Cac Thong So Che o trong Loi Thep
H = Cng o Trng T (T Trng) = NI/l (5.7)
B = Mat o T Thong (Van Toc Dong T) = H(5.8)
= T Thong (Dong T) = BS

4. LO T

(5.9)
(5.10)

F = NI = R = Hl

5. Mach t gom m PT NOI TIEP va n cuon day.

Hi li = Ri = N k Ik = Fk = F

(5.11)
80

5.5. Bai Toan Thuan: Biet , Tm F.

B1. Tnh Bi = /Si
B2. a. Neu PT la Vat Lieu T, dung ng t hoa
Bi = Bi ( Hi ) e suy ra Hi trong PT
b. Neu PT la khong kh th H = B /
B3. Tnh St tong e tao ra :

(5.12)
(5.13)

F = Hi li

! Neu biet i hoac ri gia tr th:

(5.14)

B1'. Tnh Ri = li /i Si = li /ri Si

B2'.

F = N k Ik = Ri

(5.15)

81

Chng 6. May Bien Ap (MBA)

6.1. Khai niem chung

1. S o mach (H 6.1)
MBA la 1 Mach Hai Ca
Ca Vao la S Cap (SC)

(au vi Nguon Sin)

Ca Ra la Th Cap

H 6.1

(TC) (au vi Tai T)

2. Cac Thong So Che o nh Mc (M)

U1m = Ap SCM ;

I
1 m
S
m

= Dong SCM ;

U 2 m = Ap TCM
I2 m = Dong TCM

= U1m I1m = U 2m I2 m = CSBKM

82

6.2. Cau Tao Cua MBA (H 6.2)

1. Loi Thep tiet dien S
e dan t thong .
2. Day Quan S Cap
(DQSC) co N1 vong.
3. Day Quan Th Cap
H 6.2

6.3. MBA Ly Tng.

(DQTC) co N2 vong.

1. Cac Tnh Chat Cua MBALT.

a. DQ Khong T, Khong K: R1= R2 =X1 =X2 = 0
b. Loi thep Khong T Tr, Khong TH: R = 0, Pt = 083

2. Cac Phng Trnh Cua MBA Ly Tng.

a. S cam ng
U1 = E1 = 4, 44 fN1 m = 4, 44 fN1 Bm S

U 2 = E2 = 4, 44 fN2 m = 4, 44 fN2 Bm S

(6.1)
(6.2)

b. Ty So Bien Ap
U1
E1
N1
k=
=
=
U2
E2
N2

(6.3)

c. Ty So Bien Dong
!

S1 = S2 U1 I1 = U 2 I2

I1
U2
1
=
=
I2
I1
k

(6.4)
84

6.4. Cac Mach Tng ng (MT) va Phng

Trnh cua MBA (thc te).
1. MT cua DQSC (H 6.3)
R1, X1, va Z1 = R1+ jX1

la T, K Tan, va TTSC.
U1 , E1 , I1 , va f la

H 6.3

Ap,S,Dong va Tan So SC.

! Sut Ap trong DQSC do T, K Tan, va TTSC la:

DU1 R = R1I1 , DU1 X = jX1I1 , DU1 = Z1I1
!

U1 = E1 + Z1I1

(6.5)
(6.6) 85

2. MT cua DQTC (H 6.4)

R 2 , X 2 , v a Z 2 = R 2 + jX 2
la T , K T a n v a T T T C
E 2 , U 2 , I 2 v a f la S ,
A p , D o n g , v a T a n S o T C
H 6.4

Sut Ap trong DQTC do T, K Tan, va TTTC la:

DU 2 R = R2I2 , DU 2 X = jX 2I2 , DU 2 = Z2I2

(6.7)

E2 = U 2 + Z2I2

(6.8)
86

3. MT Cua Loi Thep (LT) (H 6.6b)

a. Trong LT co 2 hien tng
THLT Pt
T thong sin

b. Trong Che o Khong Tai

(KT) (H 6.5), Dong SCKT Io
H 6.5

gom 2 thanh phan (H 6.6a)

Thanh Phan THLT IC (cung pha vi E1) tao ra Pt

Thanh Phan T Hoa Im( cham pha 90o so vi E1)

tao ra MT cua LT (H 6.6b)

87

a)

b)
H 6.6

RC = TTHLT
GC = DTHLT
Xm = K t hoa
Bm = N t hoa

E1
IC =
= GC E1
RC
Im

(6.9)

E1
=
= - jBm E1 (6.10)
jX m

I = IC + I m

(6.11)
88

4. Phng Trnh Dong ien (H 6.2)

a. oi vi MBA Ly Tng, khi Tai yeu cau Dong
I2 th Dong I1 can co la
I'2 = I2/k
!

(6.12)

I'2 goi la Dong TC Quy Ve SC (TCQVSC)

b. oi vi MBA Thc Te, Che o KT (I2 = 0)
th Dong I1 can co chnh la Dong SCKT (6.11)
c. Theo Nguyen Ly Xep Chong, oi vi MBA
thc te, khi Tai yeu cau Dong I2 th
I1 = I'2 + I o

(6.13)
89

5. MT cua MBA (H 6.7)

H 6.7

6. MTQVSC cua MBA (6.8) (H 6.7)

U2 = kU2
I2 = I2/k
Z2 = k2Z2
ZT = k2ZT

H 6.8

90

7. MT Gan ung QVSC cua MBA (6.9)

Rn = R1 + R2 ,
X n = X1 + X 2 ,

va Zn = Rn + jX n

H 6.9

la TNM, KNM, va TTNM QVSC cua MBA

! u iem cua MT H 6.9 la gom 3 mach au//: 3 Dong
Ic, Im, va I2 oc lap vi nhau.
!

U1
I'2 =
Zn + Z'T

(6.14)
91

8. o Th Vect T MTQVSC cua MBA (H 6.10)

! Biet ( U2, I2), Ve o Th Vect e tm (U1, I1)

H 6.10

92

Ta lan lt ve
B1.
B2.
B3.
B4.
B5.
B6.
B7.
B8.

U 2 = kU 2 va I 2 = I2/k.

DU 2 R = R2 I 2 va DU 2 X jX 2 I2

E1 = U 2 + DU 2 R + DU 2 X

I C = GC E1 va I m - jBm E1

I = I C + I m

I1 = I 2 + I

DU 1 R = R1 I 1 va DU 1 X jX1I1

U 1 = E1 + DU 1 R + DU 1 X

93

6.5. Che o KT cua MBA.

1. S o va MT (H 6.11)

a)

b)
H 6.11

c)

U1
= Yo U1
H 6.11b I o =
( R1 + jX1 ) + ( RC //jX m )

(6.15)

H 6.11c I o = I c + I m = (Gc - jBm )U1

(6.16)

! THLT THKT

Pt P

(6.17)

94

2. Th Nghiem KT (TNKT) cua MBA

a. S o: H 6.11a, co gan 2V, 1A, va 1W.
b. Tien Hanh: Cap U1m cho SC roi o U1m, U20, I0, P0
Ty So Bien Ap:
Dong KT%:

k = U1m /U20
I0 % = ( I0 /I1m ) 100
Pt = P0 - R1 I02 P0

THLT:
HSCSKT:

cos 0 = P0 /U1dm I0

(6.18)
(6.19)
(6.20)
(6.21)

Rc = U12m /P0 ; Gc = 1/R c

(6.22)

I0
1
Y0 =
; Bm = Y02 - Gc2 ; X m =
U1m
Bm

(6.23)

T va DTHLT:
K va N t hoa:

95

6.6. Che o Ngan Mach (NM) cua MBA

1. S o va MT (H 6.12)

a)
H 6.12b

H 6.12

b)

U1 = ( Rn + jX n )I n = ZnI n

(6.24)

Dong NM >> Dong M: I1n >>I1m; I2n>>I2m

2
2
2
! THNM TH ong Pn Pn = R1 I1n + R2 I2n = Rn In (6.25)
96

2. Th Nghiem Ngan Mach (TNNM) cua MBA

a. S o: H 6.12a, co gan 1 Bo ieu Ap, 1V, 2A, 1W.
b. Tien Hanh: Cap U1n cho SC sao cho I1n = I1m va
I2n= I2m; roi o U1n, I1m, I2m, va Pn.
Ap NM%
TH ong M
HSCSNM
TT, T, KNM

U n % = (U1n /U1m ) 100 (6.26)

Pm = Rn I12m Pn

cos n = Pn /U1n I1m

U1n
Pn
Zn =
; Rn = 2 ; X n =
I1m
I1m

Zn2 - Rn2

(6.27)
(6.28)

(6.29)

! Thong thng: R1 = R2 = Rn /2; X1 = X 2 = X n /2 (6.30)

97

6.7. Che o Co Tai cua MBA

1. S o ( H 6.13a) va MT (H 6.7, 6.8 va 6.9

b)

c)
a)

H 6.13

! TAI xac nh bi TGTT (H 6.13b) hoac TGCS

(H6.13c)
I
I
S
He So Tai (HST) kt = 2 1 2
(6.31)
I2 m
I1m
Sm
98

2. CS, TH, Va HS cua MBA. (H 6.13a)

P1 = CS ien Vao
P1 = TH ong SC (TH ien SC)
Pt = THLT (TH T)
Pt = P1 P1 Pt = CS IEN T (CS Vao TC)
P2 = TH ong TC (TH ien TC)
P2 = Pt P2 = CS ien Ra
Pth = P1 P2 = TH Tong

P2
HS = % =
100
P1

(6.32)

99

3. Bieu Thc Cac Loai CS tnh t MT H 6.7 va 6.8

P1 = Re (U1I*1 ) = U1 I1 cos 1

vi cos 1 = cos = HSCS cua MBA

P1 = R1 I12

Pt = Rc Ic2

= Gc E12

Pt = ( R2 + RT ) I22 = ( R2 + RT ) I2 2
= Re(E2I*2 )

GcU12

P 2 =

R2 I22

R2 I2 2

= Re(E1I*2 )

(6.33)
(6.34)

(6.35)

(6.36)
(6.37)

P2 = RT I22 = RT I2 2 = Re( U 2 I*2 ) = Re( U 2 I2*)

= U 2 I2 cos 2
= U 2 I2 cos 2
(6.38)

100

4. Bieu Thc Gan ung cua CS, TH va HS cua MBA

! Gia s U1=U1m va U2 = U2m

P2 = ktSmcos2

(6.39)

Pt = P0 = CS ien Vao o trong TNKT

(6.40)

P = P1 + P2 = kt2 Pm = kt2 Pn

(6.41)

Pm = Pn = CS ien Vao o trong TNNM

kt Sm cos 2

kt Sm cos 2 + P0 +

! at cc ai khi

kt =

kt2 Pn

(6.42)

P0 /Pn

(6.43)
101

Chng 7. ong C Khong ong Bo Ba Pha

7.1. Cau Tao Cua CKB3
1. Stato (ST)
a. Loi Thep ST
b. Day Quan ST (DQST) gom 3 cuon (AX, BY, CZ)
2. Roto (RT)
a. Loi Thep RT
b. Day Quan RT (DQRT) co 2 Dang:
RT Long Soc
RT DAY QUAN, gom 3 cuon (ax, by, cz)
102

7.2. T Trng Trong CKB3.

Khi cho mot he thong dong sin 3 CB chay vao 3
!

cuon day cua ST, ta c mot T Trng Quay

co 2p cc (H 7.1)
Van Toc T Trng Quay

(Van

Toc

ong

(VTB)
60 f
!
(v/p)
n1 =
p

Bo)
(7.1)

f = tan so dong ST
H 7.1

p = so oi cc cua ST
103

7.3 Nguyen Ly Lam Viec cua CKB3 (H 7.2)

B1. Cap dong 3CB cho ST,
ta c 1 TTQ co 2p cc
quay vi VTB n1
B2. Day dan RT chieu dai l
va cat t thong co mat o t
thong B vi van toc v se
H 7.2

sinh ra s cam ng e2 =

B3. V day dan RT b nganBvl.

mach, Dong NM i2 chay
qua day se chu lc t F = Bi2 l lam quay RT theo
cung chieu vi TTQST nhng vi van toc n < n1.

104

Trong CKB3 co 3 loai van toc:

n1 = Van Toc TTQST = Van Toc ong Bo
(VTB)
n = Van Toc RT = Van Toc ong C (VTC)
ns = n1 n = Van Toc Trt (VTT)
He So Trt =

ns
VTT
=
VTB n1

n1 - n
n1 - n
s=
100
; s% =
n1
n1

(7.2)
105

7.4. Cac MT1 Va Phng Trnh Cua CB3

1. MT1 cua DQST (H 7.3)
R1, X1 va Z1 = R1+ jX1 la T,
K Tan, va TT1 cua ST
U1 , E1 , I1 va f la Ap, S

H 7.3

Dong Pha va Tan So ST

! Sut ap pha do T, K tan, va TT1 cua ST la:

DU1 R = R1I1 ; DU1 X = jX1I1 ; DU1 = Z1I1
!

U1 = E1 + Z1I1

(7.3)
(7.4)
106

2. MT1 Cua Roto ng Yen (RTY)

R2, X2, va Z2 = R2+jX2 la T,

K tan, va TT1 cua RTY

E2 , U 2 = 0, va I2

laS,Ap,vaDong pha cua RTY

H 7.4a

f = tan so RTY = tan so ST

! Sut ap pha do T, K Tan, va TT1 cua RTY la

!
!

DU 2 R = R2I2 ; DU 2 X = jX 2I2 ; DU 2 = Z2I2 (7.5)

E2 = R2I2 + jX 2I2 = Z2I2
E2 = 4, 44 fkdq2 N2 m

(7.6)
(7.7)
107

3. MT1 cua RT Quay (RTQ) (H 7.4b)

H 7.4b

R2, X2s=sX2; va Z2 = R2+jsX2 la T, K tan, va TT1 cua RTQ

E2 s = sE2 , U 2 = 0 va I2 la S, ap, va dong pha cua RTQ

f2s = sf la Tan So RTQ.

Tan So RTQ = s tan So RTY

sE2 = R2I2 + jsX 2I2 = Z2 sI2

(7.8)
(7.9) 108

4. MT1 cua RTQ, QVRTY (H 7.4c, d)

(7.11)

R2
E2 =
I2 + jX 2I2 (7.10)
s
H7.4c, suy t H7.4a
bang cach thay R2 bi R2/s
H 7.4c

R2
1 - s (7.11)
= R2 + R2
s
s

H 7.4d, Giong MT cua

TC cua MBA Mang Tai Tr

1- s
RT = R2
s
H 7.4d

(7.12)
109

5. MT1 cua CKB3 QVST (H 7.5)

H 7.5

a. Cac Thong So Mach Cua ST

R1 va X1: T va K Tan 1 cua ST
Rc va Xm: T THLT va K T Hoa 1 cua ST
Gc va Bm: D THLT va N T Hoa 1 cua ST

110

b. Cac Thong So Mach Cua RTQVST

R2 = k2 R2 = T 1 cua RTY QVST
2

X 2 = k X 2 = K Tan 1 cua RTY QVST

R2 (1 - s)/s = k2 R2 (1 - s)/s = T1 cua Tai QVST

c. Cac Thong So Che o Cua ST

U1 va E1 = Ap pha va S pha cua ST
I = Dong pha cua ST
1
I 0 = Dong Khong Tai 1 cua ST
I c va I m = Thanh Phan THLT va T Hoa cua I 0
111

d. Cac Thong So Che o Cua RTQVST

U'2 = kU 2 = Ap pha cua Tai QVST

E'2 = kE2 = S pha cua RTQVST

= E1

= S pha cua ST

I'2 = I2 /k = Dong pha cua RTQVST

e. Cac Phng Trnh Cua MT1 cua CKB3 QVST

U1 = E1 + Z1I1

E1 = U'2 + Z'2I'2

1- s
U'2 = R'2
I'2
s

(7.13)
(7.14)
(7.15)

I1 = I'2 + I0

(7.16)

I c = Gc E1

(7.18)

I0 = I c + I m
I m = - jBm E1

(7.17)
(7.19)
112

6. MT1 Gan ung Cua CKB3 QVST (H

7.6)

H 7.6

Rn = R1+R'2; Xn = X1+X'2; va Zn = Rn+jXn la T, K,

va TTNM1 cua C QVST.

Cac MT1 H7.5 va H7.6 cua CKB3 hoan toan

giong lan lt cac MT H6.8 va H6.9 cua MBA vi
tai tr QVSC
1- s
(7.20)
RT = R2
s
113

7.5. CS, TH va HS cua CKB3.

1. S o Khoi (H 7.7)
P1 = CS ien Vao
P2 = CS C Ra

H 7.7

2. S o Mach (H 7.8)

H 7.8

114

3. Lu o CS Trong CKB3 (H 7.8 va 7.9)

P1 = CS ien Vao
P1 = TH ong ST (TH ien ST)
Pt

= TH Loi Thep (TH T)

Pt = P1 P1 Pt = CS ien T (CS vao RT)

P2 = TH ong RT (TH ien RT)
Pc

= Pt P2 = CS C Tong

Pmq = TH Ma Sat va Quat Gio (TH C)

P2

= Pc Pmq = CS C Ra

Pth = P1 P2 = TH Tong

P2
HS %
100
P1

(7.21)
115

H 7.9

4. Bieu Thc cac loai CS tnh t MT H 7.3, 7.4,

7.5
P1 = 3U1 I1 cos = 3U d Id cos = 3 Re(U1I*1 ) (7.22)
vi cos = HSCS cua CKB3

116

P1 = 3R1 I12

(7.23)

Pt = 3Rc Ic2 = 3Gc E12

(7.24)

R2 2
R2 2
Pt = 3
I2 = 3
I2
s
s

(7.25)

P 2 = 3R2 I22 = 3R2 I2 2 = sPt

(7.26)

Pc = 3R2

1- s 2
1- s 2
I2 = 3 R2
I2 = (1 - s) Pt
s
s

fRT
n1 - n tan so RT
s=
=
=
n1
tan so ST
fST

(7.27)
(7.28)
117

7.6. Momen Cua CKB3

1. Momen Ra (Momen Co ch Tren Truc)
!

P2
P2
9, 55 P2
M2 =
=
=
n

2 n/60

(7.29)

Vi M2(N.m), P2(W), (rad/s) va n (v/p)

2. Momen Tong (Momen ien T)
!
!

Pc
Pt
Pt
3R2 I2 2
M=
=
=
=
2 f /p

1
1 s
3R2U12
M=
1 s ( R1 + R2 /s)2 + X n2

(7.30)

(7.31)
118

Chng 8. May Phat ong Bo Ba Pha

8.1. Cau tao cua MPB3
1. Stato (ST)
a. Loi Thep ST
b. Day Quan ST (DQST) gom 3 cuon (ax, by, cz)
2. Roto (RT)
a. Loi Thep RT
b. Day Quan RT (DQRT) hay Day Quan Kch T
(DQKT) gom 2p cc t, co 2 dang:
RT cc loi
RT cc an hay RT hnh tru

3. Bo Kch T: cung cap Dong Kch T Ik

119

8.2. Nguyen Ly Lam Viec Cua MPB3 (H 8.1)

B1. Bo tr 3 cuon (ax, by, cz)
cua
DQST cach nhau 120o ien
B2. Cap Dong Kch T Ik cho
DQKT, ta c T Thong

Mot Chieu phu thuoc Ik:

= ( Ik )

H 8.1

B3. Dung 1 Nguon C Nang (ong C S Cap CSC)

quay RT vi van toc n. T thong tc thi a(t)
xuyen qua 1 vong day cua cuon ax co dang

a (t) = m cos t

(8.1)

120

! 3 s cam ng (ea, eb, ec) sinh ra trong 3 cuon

(ax, by, cz) cua DQST la 1 NA3CB:
ea (t) = E p 2 sin t
eb (t) = E p 2 sin( t - 120 )
ec (t) = E p 2 sin( t - 240 )
Tan So:

np
f =
60

(8.2)
(8.3)

vi n = VTRT (v/p) va p = so oi cc cua RT

S HD

E p = 4, 44 fkdq1 N1 m

(8.4)

vi kdq1 = He So Day Quan ST (kdq1<1)

121

8.3 MT Va Phng Trnh Cua MPB3

1. MT cua RT (Phan Cam) hay Mach Kch T (H 8.2)
a. Cac Thong So Mach
Rs = T cua DQKT
Rk = Bien Tr Kch T
Rf = Rs + Rk = T cua MKT

b. Cac Thong So Che o

Uk = Ap Kch T;

Ik = Dong Kch T
c. Phng Trnh.
H 8.2

U k = ( Rs + Rk ) Ik = Rf Ik (8.5)
122

2. MT1 cua ST (Phan ng) cua MPB3 (H 8.3)

R, Xs, va Zs = R + jXs la

T, K, va TTB1 cua ST
ZT La TT pha cua Tai
E , U , I , I la S,
g
T T

Ap Tai, Dong ng va Dong

Tai
! Sut ap pha do T, K, va TTB1 cua ST la:
H 8.3

DUR = R I ; DUX = jXsI ; DU = ZsI

!

E g = U T + R I + jX sI = U T + ZsI
I = IT

(8.6)
(8.7)
123

8.4. Phan Tram Thay oi ien Ap (U%) cua MPB3

1. nh Ngha
Tren H 8.3, cho MPB3 lam viec vi s HD U p = U g

khong oi. Xet Ap Tai HD U T = U T 2 che o sau:

Che o Co Tai

( IT 0) : UT co tai = UT.

Che o Khong Tai (IT = 0) : UT khong tai = Ep.

DU % =

Ep - UT
UT

100

(8.8)

Theo (8.3), (8.4) va H 8.2, neu may lam viec vi van

!
toc n va dong kch t Ik khong oi th Ep khong oi.
124

2. Tnh U% khi biet (UT, IT)

Dung (8.9), neu chon

I = |IT|lam goc pha,

ta ve c

o Th Vect H 8.4.
I = I 0 = I

H 8.4

U T = U T = U T cos + jU T sin
E g = U T cos + R I + j (U T sin + X s I )

! E p = E g = (U T cos + R I )2 + (U T sin + X s I )2 (8.9)

!

cos tre sin > 0; cos sm sin < 0

125

8.5. CS, TH, HS cua MPB3

1. S o Khoi (H 8.5)
P1 = CS C vao
P2 = CS ien ra

H 8.5

H 8.6

2. S o Mach (H 8.6)

126

3. Lu o CS trong MPB3 (H 8.6)

P1 = CS C Vao
Pt = TH Loi Thep (TH T)
P = TH ong ng = Ps = TH ong ST
Pkt = TH Kch T = Pr = TH ong RT.
Pmq = TH Ma Sat & Quat Gio (TH C).
Pth = Pt + P + Pkt + Pmq = TH Tong
P2 = P1 Pth = CS ien Ra

P2
HS = % =
100
P1

(8.10)
127

4. Bieu Thc Cac Loai CS Tnh T H 8.2, 8.3, & 8.6.

P1 = M1

(8.11)

= 2 n/60 = 0,105n

(8.12)

P1(W); M1(N.m); (rad/s); va n(v/p)

(8.13)

P2 = 3U d Id cos

(8.14)

P = 3R I2

(8.15)

Pkt = Rf Ik2

(8.16)

8.6. Momen Vao Do CSC Keo MPB3

9, 55 P1 (W )
M1 ( N .m) =
n(v/p)

(8.17)
128

Chng 9. May ien Mot Chieu

9.1 Cau Tao Cua MMC
1. Stato (ST) (Phan Cam)
a. Loi Thep ST
b. Day Quan ST (DQST) hay Day Quan Kch T
(DQKT) gom 2p cc t.
2. Roto (RT) (Phan ng)
a. Loi Thep RT
b. Day Quan RT (DQRT) hay Day Quan Phan
ng (DQP)
3. Vanh Gop (Vanh oi Chieu)
e Chnh Lu s xoay chieu thanh mot chieu.
129

9.2 Nguyen Ly Lam Viec Cua May Phat Mot Chieu

(MPMC)
B1. Cap dong kch t Ik cho
DQKT, ta c t thong = (Ik)

H 9.1

B2. Dung 1 CSC quay RT vi

van toc n. Day dan RT co chieu
dai l va cat t thong co Mat o
T Thong B (H9.1) vi van toc v
nen trong day xuat hien s cam
ng e (xem lai H5.2)
e = Bvl

(9.1)

B3. Vanh gop chnh lu va noi lai thanh s E:

9.3. S cua MMC
E = KEn
(9.2)
! B va v n
130

9.4. MPMC Kch T oc Lap

1. Mach Kch T (H9.2a)
giong mach kch t cua
MPB3 (H 8.3)

2. Mach ng (H 9.2b)
a)
E

H 9.2

b)

= S

UT = Ap Tai
U = Sut Ap Qua R
I

= Dong ng

IT

= Dong Tai

R = T Phan ng
RT = T Tai

U T = RT IT

DU = R I
I = IT

(9.3)
(9.4)
(9.5)

E = U T + R I (9.6)
131

9.5 MPMC Kch T Song Song

1. MT (H 9.3) va cac Phng Trnh.

H 9.3
DU = R I

U T = Rf Ik = RT IT

(9.7)
(9.8)

I = IT + Ik

E = U T + R I

(9.9)
(9.10)
132

2. CS, TH va HS cua MPMCKTSS. (H 9.3)

P1

= CS C Vao

Pt

= TH Loi Thep (TH T)

= TH ong ng = Pr = TH ong

RT

Pkt = TH Kch T = Ps = TH ong ST

Pmq = TH Ma Sat va Quat Gio (TH C)
Pth = Pt + P + Pkt + Pmq = TH Tong.
P2

= P1 Pth = CS ien Ra
P2
HS = % =
100
P1

(9.11)

(9.12)

3. Momen Vao do CSC keo MPMCKTSS

! Giong (8.21) cua MPB3.

133

9.6 Nguyen Ly Lam Viec cua ong C Mot Chieu (CMC)

H 9.4

H 9.5

B1. Cap dong Ik cho DQKT, ta c T Thong = (Ik)

va Mat o T Thong B (H 9.5).

B2. Cap dong I cho Mach ng, ta c dong I/2a chay

qua day dan phan ng. Day dan nay chu Lc T F lam
phan ng quay.
(9.13)
F = B(I/2a)l
!
134

9.7 Van Toc cua CMC

H 9.4 U = E + DU = E + R I

(9.14)

U - R I
E
=
n=
K E
K E

(9.15)

9.8 Momen cua CMC

Ta co B va MF. Vay t (9.13), ta suy ra bieu thc
cua Momen Tong (tng ng vi CS C Tong)

M = K M I

(9.16)

! o th = (Ik) co dang ng T Hoa B = B(H)

135

9.9 CMCKTSS (C Shunt)

1. MT (H 9.6) Va Cac Phng Trnh

H 9.6
DU = R I
U = Rf Ik

(9.17)
(9.18)

I = I + Ik

U = E + R I

(9.19)
(9.20)
136

2. CS, TH, va HS cua CMCKTSS (H 9.6 & 9.7)

P1 = CS ien Vao
Pkt = TH Kch T = Ps = TH ong ST
P

= P1 Pkt = CS Vao RT (CS Vao Phan ng)

P = TH ong ng = Pr = TH ong RT
Pc

= P P = CS C Tong

Pt

= TH Loi Thep (TH T)

Pmq = TH Ma Sat Va Quat Gio (TH C)

Po

= Pt + Pmq = TH Khong Tai (TH Quay) (9.21)

P2

= Pc Po = CS C Ra

Pth = P1 P2 = Pkt + P +Pt + Pmq = TH Tong(9.22)

P2
HS = % =
100
P1

(9.23)
137

H 9.7

3. Bieu thc cac loai CS tnh t MT H 9.6

P1 = UI; P = UI ; Pc = EI

(9.24)

Pkt = Rf Ik2 ; P = R I2

(9.25)
138

4. Momen Cua CMCKTSS

a. Momen Tong
b. Momen TH Quay
c. Momen Ra

Pc
M=
= K M I

Pt + Pmq
P0
=
M0 =

P2
= M - M0
M2 =

(9.26)
(9.27)
(9.28)

Neu (U1, I1, 1, n1, M1) va (U2, I2, 2, n2, M2) la cac

Thong So hai Che o 1 va 2; th t (9.15) va (9.16), ta co

U 2 - R I 2 1
n2
E2 1
=
=
.
.
n1
E1 2
U1 - R I 1 2
M2
2 I 2
=
.
M1
1 I 1

(9.29)
(9.30)
139