TUTORIAL 1

1. Determine the number of each protons and neutrons in each isotope:

a) a) 4019 K b) 22688Ra

c) 9943Tc

d) 3315P

2. For the following subshells give the values of the quantum numbers (n, l, and ml) and the
number of orbitals in each subshell:
a) 4p
b) 3d
c) 3s
d) 5f
3. What is the difference between a 2px and 2py orbital?
4. List all the possible subshells and orbitals associated with the principle quantum number
n, if n = 6.
5. Which combination of n and l represent real orbitals and which do not exist?
a) 1s
b) 2p
c) 4s
d) 2d
6. Sketch the orbitals of 2px, 2py and 2pz.
7. List the values of n, l and ml for orbitals in the 4d subshell.
8. Write the ground-state electron configurations for the following elements:
a) Ge
b) Fe
c) Zn
d) Ni
e) W
f) Tl
9. Write full orbital diagrams for each element:
a) N
b) F
c) Mg
d) Al

e) Ca

f) He

10. Name an element in the fourth period (row) of the periodic table with:
a) five valence electrons
b) four 4p electrons
c) three 3d electrons
d) a complete outer shell
11. What are the expected skeletal structures for:
a) SiCl4
b) PF3
c) PH3
12. Make a sketch of each hybrid orbital: sp, sp2, sp3

d) SCl2

13. Which hybridization scheme allows the formation of at least one bond?
sp3, sp2, sp3d2
14. Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule or ion. Sketch the molecule,
including overlapping orbitals and label all bonds.
a) CCl4
b) NH3
c) H2NNH2
15. Formaldehyde has the Lewis structure

Describe how the bonds in formaldehyde are formed in terms of overlaps of appropriate
hybridized and unhybridized orbitals.
16. Consider the acetonitrile molecule:

a) predict the bond angles around each carbon atom

b) describe the hybridization at each of the carbon atoms
c) determine the total number of and bonds in the molecule.
17. A nitrogen atom can undergo sp2 hybridization when it becomes part of carbon-nitrogen
double bond, as in H2C=NH:
a) using a sketch, show the electron configuration of sp2 hybridized nitrogen just before
the overlapping occurs to make this double bond
b) using sketches, describe the two bonds of the carbon-nitrogen double bond