Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch.Current flowing through the coil of therelay creates
amagnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts ,The coil current can be on or
off so relays have two switch positions and they are double throw (changeover) switches.
Relay allow one circuit to switch a ssecnd circuit which can be completely seprate from the first.
Specification of a Relay:12V,300,SPDT-means volage for energining the relay coil is 12V and
current =12V/ 300=400mA.several featues like physical size and pin arrangement ,coil voltage
,coil resistance,switch rating ,switch contact arrangement (SODT,DPDT) etc must be considered
when choosing relay.
Bvoth relays and transistor can b e used as an electrically operaed switch. For switching small dc
currents(<1A) at low voltage ,transistor is usually a better choice than arelay.How ever transistor
cannot switch ac or high volage (such as mains electricity) and they are not usuallt a good choice
for for switching large currents
LED Display
LED displays are packages of many LED,s arrangemed in a pattern, the most familiae pattern being
the 7-segment displays for showing numbers (digit 0-9).
There are many types of LED display and available in two versions- commaon anode (CA) with all
the LED anodes connected together and common cathod (CC) with al lthe cathodes connected
together.The figure shows a common display format composed of 7 elements or segments. There
are seven segments forming a figure of eight pattern .Each segments consist of one or more LED's
and is designated as a,b,c, etc .This is an internationally accepted designation. By energizing certain
combinations of these segments, each of the ten decimal digits can be produced. To produce a 1,
segment b and c are energized, to produce 2, segment a,b,g,e and d are used, and so on.