Revise Week 3 (Part 1) lecture in advance, and also Week 1 (Part 2)

Week 1/ Slide13:
Log returns: Rt= log(1+Rt) = log (1+(pt/pt-1 - ))
= log (pt/pt-1) = log(Pt) log(Pt-1)

How to calculate annualized data

R= (1 + A)^(1/n) 1
Example: r= (1+12%)^(1/4) 1 = 2.87%