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Virusul Hepatitei B (VHB)
Virusul Hepatitei B (VHB)
AgHBs
AgHBc
AgHBe
ADN polimeraza
Reverstranscriptaza
Baruch S. Blumberg
D. Carleton Gajdusek
ER
Citoplasma
ADN partial ds
ADN ssHBeAg
Polimeraza
ARN m
VHB
pregenomic
cccDNA
Rt
HBsAg
HBcAg
ARNm
Nucleu
Precore/core
Hepatocit
VIRUSUL HEPATITEI
DELTA = virus
DEFECTIV
Antigen
ARN VHD
AgHBs
TRANSMITERE VHB
Concentratia VHB in fluide corporale
INALT
Moderat
Sange
Lichid spermatic
Scazut/nedetectabil
Urina
Materii fecale
Ser
Secretie vaginala
Gl. sudoripare
Exudat rani
Saliva
Lacrimi
Sexual
Perinatal
Contact direct
Lapte matern
Expunerea la eter, acid (pH 2.4 pt cel putin 6 h) si caldura (98C pt 1 min; 60C pt 10 h)
NU distrug immunogenicitatea sau antigenicitatea inactivarea poate fi incompleta daca
titrul viral este ridicat
100
100
80
60
60
40
40
Cronicizare
20
20
Simptomatologie
0
nastere
1-6 luni
7-12 luni
1-4 ani
0
Copii mari si adulti
HEPATITA B CRONICA
Immunotoleranta
hepatita B cronica
AgHBe(Mutante Precore )
AgHBs
AgHBe
Anti-HBe
Normal
Normal
> 200,000-109
< 2000
2000 - 2 x 107
Normal
Inflamatie Activa
ALT
ADN VHB
IU/ml
Histologie
Copil
> 95%
Toleranta imuna
Hepatita cronica persistenta
asimptomatica
Adult
< 5%
Ciroza hepatica
Carcinom Hepatocelular
CHC
Purtator inactiv
W. Ray Kim, MD. Chen DS, et al. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1993;8:470-475.
Seeff L, et al. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:965-970.
800
140
120
ALT (IU/L)
600
100
500
80
400
60
300
40
200
20
100
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Days
1200
1400
ALT
ADN VHB
700
0
1600
Hadziyannis SJ, et al. Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B: natural history and treatment. Semin Liver Dis. 2006;26(2):130-141.
HEPATITA B CRONICA
Immunotoleranta
hepatita B cronica
AgHBe(Mutante Precore )
AgHBs
AgHBe
Anti-HBe
Normal
Normal
> 200,000-109
< 2000
2000 - 2 x 107
ALT
ADN VHB
IU/mL
Histologie
Tratament
Nu
Da
Normal
Nu
Inflamatie Activa
Da
Cei mai muli copii AgHBs (+) -imunotoleran -transaminaze normale; fara tratamentprocentaj ridicat al celor cu remisii spontane i susinute
Lai CL, et al. Lancet. 2003:362:2089. Lok AS, et al. Gastroenterology. 2001:120:1828.
Medicament/ Nume TM
An
Posologie
1991
2005
Lamivudina/ Epivir
1998
2002
2005
2006
Tenofovir/ Viread
2007
Entecavir/ Baraclude
analog nucleozidic de deoxiguanin - rata scazuta de
rezistenta
scazuta de rezistenta
8 genotipuri :
A, D Europa, India
B, C- Asia
E- Africa
F- America de Sud
Prevalenta AgHBs
8% Inalt : 45% din totalul populatiei globului; Infectii comune in copilarie
2-7% -Intermediar : 43% din totalul populatiei globului; Toate grupele de varsta afectate
<2% -Scazut): 12% din totalul populatiei globului; infectii la adulti
G,H -America de
Nord
Incidenta
0.8
0.70
0.57
0.6
0.36
0.4
0.2
0
1981-86
1986-90
Mortalitate
1990-94
0.8
0.80
0.58
0.6
0.4
0.34
0.2
0
1981-86
1986-90
1990-94
ALT crescute
Titrul
Ac anti-HBs
IgM anti-HDV +
IgM anti HBc
HDV RNA
AgHBs;
ADN VHB
Ac anti-VHD totali
Icter
Simptome
Titru
ALT
Ac Totali anti-HDV +
anti HBc IgG
ARN VHD
AgHBs
IgM anti-HDV
Hepatologie 2009
www.HepatologyTextbook.com
Versiunea in limba romana
Traducerea a fost asigurata de
colectivul Disciplinei de Virusologie,
UMF Carol Davila
Institutul de Virusologie St. S. Nicolau
285, sos. Mihai Bravu, Bucuresti Romania
Tel/fax +40213242590