LI CAM OAN

Ti xin cam oan ni dung ca lun vn Truyn hnh s mt t theo tiu

chun DVB-T2 v kt qu o kim thc t ti Vit Nam l sn phm do ti thc hin
di s hng dn ca TS.Ng Thi Tr. Trong ton b ni dung ca lun vn, nhng
iu c trnh by hoc l ca c nhn hoc l c tng hp t nhiu ngun ti liu.
Tt c cc ti liu tham kho u c xut x r rng v c trch dn hp php.
Ti xin hon ton chu trch nhim v chu mi hnh thc k lut theo quy nh
cho li cam oan ca mnh.
.

H Ni, ngy 01 thng 10 nm 2014

TC GI

on Vit c

LI CM N
Trc tin ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti tp th cc cc thy c gio trong
Khoa in t - Vin thng, Trng i hc Cng ngh, i hc Quc gia H Ni
gip tn tnh v chu o ti c mi trng tt hc tp v nghin cu.
c bit, ti xin by t lng bit n su sc ti thy gio TS. Ng Thi Tr v
ThS. Trn Quyt Thng ngi trc tip hng dn, ch bo ti tn tnh trong sut
qu trnh nghin cu v hon thin lun vn ny.
Mt ln na ti xin c gi li cm n n tt c cc thy c gio, bn b, ng
nghip gip ti trong thi gian va qua. Ti xin knh chc cc thy c gio, cc
anh ch v cc bn mnh khe v hnh phc.

H Ni, ngy 01 thng 10 nm 2014

TC GI

on Vit c

MC LC
LI CAM OAN ......................................................................................................1
LI CM N ............................................................................................................2
MC LC ..................................................................................................................3
DANH MC CC K HIU V CH VIT TT ..............................................5
DANH MC CC BNG ........................................................................................7
DANH MC CC HNH .........................................................................................8
M U ..................................................................................................................10
CHNG I: TIU CHUN TRUYN HNH S MT T DVB-T .............11
S khi .................................................................................................12
c im ...................................................................................................13

Phn tn nng lng ..................................................................................15

M ngoi v tro ngoi ..............................................................................16
M trong ....................................................................................................17
Hm tn hiu COFDM trong chun DVB - T ...........................................19
My thu DVB - T thc t ..........................................................................21
chnh xc tn s RF .............................................................................23
chn lc ...............................................................................................23
Phm vi iu khin t ng tn s ............................................................23
Cng sut RF/IF ........................................................................................24
Cng sut tp nhiu ...................................................................................24
nhy my thu/ di ng i vi knh Gaussian ..................................24
Hiu sut cng sut ...................................................................................24
Can nhiu lin kt......................................................................................25
Quan h gia ber v t s c/n khi thay i cng sut my pht ................25
CHNG II: TRUYN HNH S MT T THEO TIU CHUN CHU
U THE H TH 2 (DVB-T2). .............................................................................27

M hnh cu trc DVB-T2. .......................................................................29

Lp vt l DVB-T2. ..................................................................................30
Nhng gii php k thut c bn. .............................................................31
CHNG III. KT QU TH NGHIM ..........................................................40
M hnh th nghim h thng DVB-T2:...................................................41
Thit b s dng th nghim: ....................................................................44
Khng c knh can nhiu. .........................................................................45
Kt qu kho st quan h C/N v BER vi cc b tham s trong cng iu
kin mi trng.......................................................................................................48
Th nghim chm sao xoay ......................................................................55
Can nhiu cng knh gia DVB-T2 & DVB-T: .......................................58
Ch SFN ...............................................................................................61
Ch M-PLP: .........................................................................................62

KT LUN: .............................................................................................................76
TI LIU THAM KHO ......................................................................................78

DANH MC CC K HIU V CH VIT TT

Vit tt

Ting Anh

Ngha ting Vit

A/D

Analog to Digital

B bin i tng t - s

AIIM

Association of Image and Infomation

Hip hi hnh nh v thng tin

ANSI

American National Standard Institule

Tiu chun quc gia M

Biph

Bi Phase

M 2 pha

Comite Consultatif International

CCIR

U ban t vn v tuyn quc t

des Radiocommunications
International U ban tham vn quc t in thoi
v in tn

CCITT

Consultative Commitee
Telephone and Telegraph

COFDM

Code Orthoginal Frequency Division Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s m

Multiplexing
trc giao

DAB

Digital Audio Broadcast

Pht qung b m thanh s

DCT

Discrete Cosin Transfom

Bin i cosin ri rc

DFT

Discrete Fourier Transfom

Bin i Fourier ri rc

DPCM

Diffrential Pulse Code Modulation

iu ch xung m vi sai

DSP

Digital Signal Prosessor

Tn hiu s

DVB-T

Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial

H thng truyn hnh s mt t

D/A

Digital to Analog

Bin i s - tng t

ES

Elementary Stream

Dng c bn

FDM

Frequency Division Multiplex

Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s

FDMA

Frequency Division Multiplex Access

a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s

FFT

Fast Fourier Transfom

Bin i Fourier nhanh

HDTV

High Definition Television

Truyn hnh s phn di cao

ICI

I Carrier Interfrence

Nhiu sng mang

RF

Rayleigh fading

Tn s v tuyn
5

ISI

Intersymbol Interfrence

Nhiu k hiu

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

Lin on vin thng quc t

NRZ

None Return to Zero

M nh phn khng v khng

Orthoginal Frequency Division

Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s

Multiplexing

trc giao

PSK

Phase Shift Keying

iu ch pha s

PES

Packetized Elementary Stream

Dng s cp

PS

Program Stream

Dng chng trnh

PTS

presentation time stamp

Nhn thi gian trnh din

QAM

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

iu ch pha cu phng

RLC

Run Length Coding

M ho vi di t m ng

SFN

Sigle Frequency Networks

Mng n tn s

SCR

system clock reference

Thng tin chun ng h h thng

TDMA

Time Division Multiplex Access

a truy nhp phn chia theo thi

gian

TS

Transport Stream

Dng truyn ti

UHF

Ultra High Frequency

Tn s cc cao

VHF

Very High Frequency

Tn s rt cao

VLC

Variable Length Coding

M ho c di t m thay i

AWGN

Aditive Wite Gaussian Noise

Nhiu cng trng

TPS

Transmission Parameter Signalling

Truyn thng s bo hiu

OFDM

DANH MC CC BNG

Bng 1. 1: M t cc thng s cc mode lm vic trong DVB - T ...............................11

Bng 1. 2: Cc hon v trong mode 2K .........................................................................19
Bng 1. 3: Cc hon v trong mode 8K .........................................................................19
Bng 1. 4: cc gi tr ca cc khong bo v.................................................................20
Bng 2. 1: DVB-T2 s dng ti Anh so vi DVB-T.....................................................28
Bng 2. 2: Dung lng d liu trong mng SFN ..........................................................29
Bng 3. 1: Cc thit b dng th nghim ..................................................................45

DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1. 1: Tiu chun DVB-T .......................................................................................12
Hnh 1. 2: S khi h thng truyn hnh s mt t .................................................12
Hnh 1. 3: S khi chc nng h DVB-t ..................................................................15
Hnh 1. 4: S khi thc t bn trong my pht DVB T.........................................15
Hnh 1. 5: Gi sau ghp truyn dn MPEG 2 .............................................................16
Hnh 1. 6: Cc gi truyn dn c ngu nhin ha ................................................17
Hnh 1. 7: Cc gi chng li m ....................................................................................17
Hnh 1. 8: Cu trc dng d liu sau tro ngoi ............................................................17
Hnh 1. 9: M chp gc vi tc m 1/2 ....................................................................18
Hnh 1. 10: Thi gian mt symbol chn khong bo v ...........................................20
Hnh 1. 11: S khi thc t bn trong my thu pht DVB-T ...................................21
Hnh 1. 12: My pht DVB-T........................................................................................23
Hnh 1. 13: My thu DVB-T .........................................................................................24
Hnh 2. 1: M hnh cu trc DVB-T2 ...........................................................................29
Hnh 2. 2: Lp vt l .....................................................................................................31
Hnh 2. 3: Cc PLP khc nhau vi cc lt thi gian khc nhau ....................................31
Hnh 2. 5: Mt ph cng sut i vi 2K v 32K ....................................................32
Hnh 2. 6: M hnh MISO .............................................................................................33
Hnh 2. 7: Mu hnh Pilot phn tn i vi DVB-T(Tri) v DVB-T2(phi). ..............34
Hnh 2. 8: th chm sao 256-QAM ..........................................................................35
Hnh 2. 9: Chm sao 16-QAM "xoay" ..........................................................................35
Hnh 2. 10: Thnh tch ca chm sao xoay so vi khng xoay.....................................36
Hnh 2. 11: Khong bo v i (GI) vi 8K v 32K1/128 ............................................36
Hnh 2. 12: So snh m sa sai s dng trong DVB-T v DVB-T2 .............................37
Hnh 3. 1: M hnh th nghim cc ch pht ca DVB-T2 .....................................42
Hnh 3. 2: M hnh th nghim ch M-PLP .............................................................42
Hnh 3. 3: Can nhiu cng knh gia DVB-T2 & DVB-T ...........................................43
Hnh 3. 4: Th ch SFN............................................................................................43
Hnh 3. 5: S khi th nghim thu, pht DVB-T2 qua h thng anten khi khng c
can nhiu cng knh ......................................................................................................45
8

Hnh 3. 6: S khi th nghim thu, pht DVB-T2 qua h thng anten khi c can
nhiu cng knh .............................................................................................................59
Hnh 3. 7: S khi th nghim thu, pht DVB-T2 ch SFN ...............................61

M U
Vi s pht trin ca kinh t v khoa hc k thut, cc nghnh cng ngh trong c
cng ngh in t vin thng c s pht trin vt bc trong ba thp k va qua em
li nhiu thnh tu pht minh ng dng trong sn xut, trong i sng x hi. Cng ngh
truyn hnh l mt b phn quan trng trong lnh vc in t vin thng, n c nhng
ng dng rng ri to ln trong pht trin vn ha i sng tinh thn x hi. Trong hn
mt thp k qua chng ta chng kin s chuyn i mnh m ca cng ngh truyn
hnh t phng thc tng t xang cng ngh s. Vit Nam qu trnh chuyn i ny
thc s ngon mc vi s ph cp tng bc trong lnh vc truyn hnh qung b v
truyn hnh tr tin. T u nhng nm 90 cho n nay nghnh truyn hnh ng dng
cc thnh tu v cng ngh truyn hnh s trong truyn dn v tinh, pht trin mng
truyn hnh cp v ph cp h thng truyn hnh s mt t.
Truyn hnh s c p dng u tin cng ty VTC hn 10 nm qua, s pht trin
h thng truyn hnh s ca VTC gp phn quan trng a cc thng tin v kinh t
chnh tr, vn ha th thao gii tr phong ph n ng o cng chng cc a phng
vi cht lng cao.
Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh truyn hnh, chun truyn hnh s DVB-T l chun
pht sng truyn hnh s mt t c trin khai thnh cng, c nhiu nc chp
nhn. Tuy nhin, t sau s ra i ca chun DVB-T th cc nghin cu v k thut
truyn dn vn tip tc c trin khai. Mt khc, nhu cu v ph tn cao cng khin
cho vic gia tng hiu qu s dng ph tn ln mc ti a cng cp thit. T pht
trin ln chun truyn hnh s mt t th h th 2 l DVB-T2.
Vic nghin cu tm hiu cc c tnh cng ngh ca tiu chun truyn s DVB-T trong
qu trnh pht trin ln th h mi DVB-T2 l nhim v cn thit i vi cc c quan
nghin cu ng dng truyn hnh cng nh cn b k thut nghin cu trong lnh vc
ny. l l do em chn ti: Truyn hnh s mt t theo tiu chun DVB-T2 v
kt qu o kim thc t ti Vit Nam
B cc lun vn bao gm bn chng:
Chng 1: Tiu chun truyn hnh s mt t DVB-T
Chng 2: Truyn hnh s mt t theo tiu chun Chu u th h th 2 (DVB-T2
Chng 3: Kt qu th nghim
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu v nghin cu, c s hng dn khoa hc tn tnh ca thy
gio TS. Ng Thi Tr, lun vn c hon thnh. Do thi gian c hn, trnh bn
thn cn nhiu hn ch nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Knh mong c s
ng gp ca cc thy c cng bn b
10

CHNG I: TIU CHUN TRUYN HNH S MT T DVB-T

Gii thiu v truyn hnh s mt t DVB T
Vic pht trin cc tiu chun DVB khi u vo nm 1993 v tiu chun DVBT c tiu chun ho vo nm 1997 do Vin tiu chun truyn thng chu u (ESTI:
European Telecommunication Standards Institute). Hin nay tiu chun ny c cc
nc Chu u v nhiu nc khc trn th gii tha nhn. Nm 2001 i truyn hnh
Vit Nam quyt nh chn n lm tiu chun pht sng cho truyn hnh mt t
trong nhng nm ti. DVB l s truyn da trn tiu chun MPEG-2, l mt phng
php phn phi t mt im ti nhiu im video v audio s cht lng cao c nn. N
l s thay th c tng cng tiu chun truyn hnh qung b tng t Y DVB cung
cp phng thc truyn dn linh hot phi hp video, audio v cc dch v d liu.
Trong truyn hnh s mt t khng th s dng phng php iu ch n sng mang
c v multipath s lm nh hng nghim trng n ch tiu k thut ca truyn sng
mang n tc cao v l do ny OFDM c s dng cho tiu chun truyn hnh
mt t DVB-T. DVB-T cho php hai mode truyn ph thuc vo s sng mang c
s dng.
H thng trm mt t DVB- T: Cc knh VHF/UHF ca trm mt t l nhng
phng tin quan trng nht vi vic truyn dn tn hiu s tc cao v cc th tc
truyn li a ng to ra s di vang v s gim m thanh ca tn s la chn. Tr ca
vic m rng cc tn hiu trong vic truyn lp l do s phn x ca ni, i hay dy
nh cao ... c th ln ti hng chc s. Trong trng hp pha thu c th di chuyn, tn
hiu tn hiu trc tip t pha pht c th b mt (knh Rayleigh) do bn pha thu
buc phi khai thc nhng m my tn hiu phn hi xung quanh vt th.

Bng 1. 1: M t cc thng s cc mode lm vic trong DVB - T

Kiu 2K ph hp cho hot ng b truyn n l v cho cc mng SFN loi nh
c khong cch b truyn gii hn, n s dng 1705 sng mang con. Kiu 8K c th
c s dng cho hot ng b truyn n l cng nh cho cc mng SFN loi nh v
11

ln; n s dng 6817 sng mang con. gim nh nh hng khng bng phng ca
knh th dng nhiu sng mang cng tt. Tuy nhin khi s sng mang nhiu, mch s
phc tp hn, trong giai on u khi cng ngh ch to chip cha hon thin cc chip
iu ch cn t ngi ta thng dng mode 2K v cng ngh ch to chip n gin v
r hn.
Trong mng n tn s (SFN), s la chn tn s knh c th rt quan trng khi
tt c cc my pht tn hiu ging nhau cng thi im v c th pht cc tn hiu lp
li nhn to trong khu vc dch v (tr ln n vi trm ns). khc phc vn ny,
cc b tng thch DVB- T c thit k da trn vic iu ch a sng mang trc giao
COFDM.

Hnh 1. 1: Tiu chun DVB-T

C th chia dng bt truyn ti thnh hng ngn sng mang ph tc thp, trong
ghp knh FDM. H thng c th hot ng hai mode chnh: mode 2k cho cc mng
chuyn i (tng ng vi 1705 sng mang ph trong di thng 7,61 MHz v khong
thi gian Symbol hiu dng Tu = 224 s) v mode 8k cho SFN (tng ng vi 6817
sng mang ph trong di thng 7,61 MHz v khong thi gian Symbol hiu dng Tu =
86 s).
Mi sng mang c iu ch theo lc AM - QAM (4,16 hay 32 QAM).
iu ch COFDM bn cht l phaing tn s chn, khi mi sng mang c iu
ch tc bt trung bnh (tc Symbol vo khong 1 hay 4 Kbaud tng ng vi
mode 2k hay 8k) v khong thi gian rt di so vi thi gian p ng thay i knh.
S khi

Hnh 1. 2: S khi h thng truyn hnh s mt t

Trong
12

Pha pht:
Tn hiu Video/Audio ngun:

+) Tn hiu ngun l tn hiu s hay tng t c bin i thnh cc d liu s. Cc

chun tn hiu s c nh dng sao cho tng thch vi h thng m ho.
+) Tn hiu Video c tc bt rt ln, chng hn chun CCIR 601 th tc bt ln
n 270 Mbps. cc knh truyn hnh qung b c rng 8 MHz c th p ng cho
vic truyn tn hiu s, cn phi gim tc bt bng cch nn tn hiu video.
-

M ho ngun d liu (source coding):

M ho ngun d liu thc hin nn s cc tn s nn khc nhau. Vic nn c

thc hin bng b m ho MPEG- 2. Vic m ho da trn c s nhiu khung hnh nh
cha nhiu thng tin vi s sai khc rt nh.
Do MPEG lm vic bng cch ch gi i nhng s thay i ny v d liu lc ny
c th gim t 100 n 200 ln. Vi Audio cng vy, vic nn da trn nguyn l tai
nghe ngi kh phn bit m thanh trm nh so vi m thanh ln khi chng c tn s
ln cn nhau v nhng bt thng tin trm nh ny c th b i v khng c s dng.
M ho ngun ch lin quan n cc c tnh ca ngun. Phng tin truyn pht
khng nh hng g n m ho ngun.
-

M ha knh:

Gi v a hp Video, Audio v cc d liu ph vo mt dng d liu ph y l

dng truyn ti MPEG- 2. Nhim v ca m ho knh l lm cho tn hiu truyn dn
pht sng ph hp vi knh truyn.
Trong truyn hnh s mt t m c s dng l m Reed- Solomon. M ReedSolomon c s dng rng ri trong h thng thng tin ngy nay do c kh nng sa
li rt cao.
-

iu ch:

iu ch tn hiu pht sng bng dng d liu, qu trnh ny bao gm c m ho

truyn dn, m ho knh v cc k thut h thp xc sut li, chng li cc suy gim
cht lng do phadinh, tp nhiu...
Pha thu:
Bn thu s m gi, gii m, hin th hnh v a ra my thu
c im
So vi cc phng thc truyn dn khc, phng thc truyn hnh s mt t c
nhng nhc im nh:
13

Knh b gim cht lng do hin tng phn x nhiu ng do b mt ca mt

t cng nh cc to nh tng.
Gi tr tp do con ngi to ra l cao.
Do phn b tn s kh dy trong ph tn i vi truyn hnh, giao thoa gia
truyn hnh tng t v s l vn cn phi xem xt.

Chnh v vy c kin cho rng pht qung b truyn hnh s mt t l khng

thc t. Tuy nhin s ra i ca cc chun truyn hnh s mt t nh DVB-T ca chu
u v ATSC ca M khc phc c phn ln cc im bt li trn ca truyn hnh
s mt t so vi v tinh v cp. Mt khc pht sng truyn hnh s trn mt t c hiu
qu s dng tn ph cao hn v cht lng tt hn so vi pht sng tng t hin ti:
-

Trn di tn ca mt knh truyn hnh tng t c th pht mt chng trnh

truyn phn di cao (HDTV) hoc nhiu chng trnh truyn hnh s c
phn di thp hn.
Trong phm vi ph sng, cht lng n nh, khc phc c cc vn phin
toi nh hnh nh c bng, can nhiu v.v...
My thu hnh c th c lp t d dng cc v tr trong nh, c th xch tay
hoc thu lu ng ngoi tri.
C th linh hot chuyn i t pht chng trinh c hnh nh v m thanh cht
lng cao (HDVT) sang pht nhiu chng trnh cht lng thp hn v ngc
li.
C dung lng ln cha m thanh v cc d liu.

iu ch trong truyn hnh s

Tiu chun c i su nghin cu Vit Nam l tiu chun truyn hnh s mt
t DVB - T.
Xt s khi chc nng ca h thng truyn hnh s theop tiu chun Chu u.
S gm c hai khi chnh.

14

Hnh 1. 3: S khi chc nng h DVB-t

-

M ha ngun MPEG - 2 v ghp knh. Nhn dng tn hiu u vo l video

tng t, c th l tn hiu tng hp hoc ring l tng tn hiu mu v tn hiu
chi. Khi s thc hin chuyn i tng t thnh s ri thc hin m ha theo
tiu chun MPEG - 2 lm gim tc dng cho ph hp vi knh truyn.
iu ch COFDM (b thch nghi knh truyn mt t). D liu qua khi ny
c x l qua cc qu trnh sau:
Thch nghi ghp truyn dn v ngu nhin ha phn tn ng u
nng lng dng bit.
M ha
Tro ngoi (m chp tro)
M trong
nh x v iu ch
Truyn dn COFDM

C hai h thng truyn hnh s hin nay u c khi m ha ngun v ghp knh
ging nhau v cng s dng chun nn MPEG - 2. Chnh v th khi iu ch COFDM
chnh l khi c trng cho tiu chun truyn hnh s ca Chu u.
M ha knh v iu ch trong DVB T

Hnh 1. 4: S khi thc t bn trong my pht DVB T

Phn tn nng lng
Dng s vo ca h thng c t chc thnh cc gi c di c nh chnh l
u ra ca b ghp truyn dn cc dng MPEG - 2. Chiu di tng cng ca mi gi sau
b ghp l 188 byte, trong c mt byte cha t m ng b. Th t x l pha pht
lun lun theo th t t bit MSB (bit 0) ca byte cha t m ng b. m bo cc
chuyn i nh phn c thc hin chnh xc th d liu ca khi ghp knh MPEG 2 u vo h thng c m ha.
D liu vo: 1011100xxxxxxxx...
Dy PRBS: 00000011
15

a thc b to chui PRBS l 1 + X14 + X15

Vic np dy 100101010000000 vo thanh ghi PRBS c bt u ti u ca
mi lt 8 gi truyn dn. cung cp tn hiu khi to cho b descrambler, byte ng
b ca gi truyn dn u tin trong nhm 8 gi c cc bit c o li. Ton b qu
trnh c gi l qu trnh thch nghi ghp truyn dn.
Bit u tin ti u ra b to PRBS s l bit u tin (MBS) ca byte u tin sau
byte t m ng b c o. h tr thm cc chc nng ng b, trong thi gian

ca cc byte ng b ca 7 gi truyn dn ngay sau , chui PBRS vn c to nhng

li khng ly ra khin cc byte ng b ny khng c ngu nhin ha. V th chu k
ca PRBS l 1503 byte.
Qu trnh ngu nhin ha cng trng thi tch cc khi dng bit u vo b iu
ch khng tn ti hoc khng cng nh dng vi dng bit MPEG - 2.
M ngoi v tro ngoi
M ngoi v tro ngoi s c thc hin trn cu trc gi u vo theo hnh v
(2.14a). M rt ngn reed - solomon RS (204,188,t=8) c thc hin vi tng gi
c ngu nhin ha (188 byte) nh hnh (2.14b) to ra gi c tnh chng li. M RS
cng c thc hin vi byte ng b. Gi d liu c th c o hoc khng o
a thc m: g(x) = (x+0)(x+ 1)....(x+ 15)
a thc to thng: p(x) = x8 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x1
Hnh 1. 5: Gi sau ghp truyn dn MPEG 2

16

M RS rt ngn c thc hin bng cch thm vo 51 byte thit lp 0 trc cc

byte thng tin ti u vo b m ha. Sau th tc m ha RS, cc byte NULL ny s
c loi b c c t m di 204 byte.

Hnh 1. 6: Cc gi truyn dn c ngu nhin ha

Hnh 1. 7: Cc gi chng li m

H thng thc hin vic tro byte theo m xon vi su 1=12 vi cc gi

c tnh chng li to ra mt cu trc d liu c tro trn.

Hnh 1. 8: Cu trc dng d liu sau tro ngoi

M trong
H thng s s dng n mt tp hp cc m chp c l da trn mt m chp
gc c tc m l vi 64 trng thi. iu ny cho php s la chn hp l nht c kh
nng sa li ca h thng vi mt knh cho trc hay mt tc d liu cho trc trong
cr mode truyn phn cp v khng phn cp. Cc a thc sinh m chp gc ca b to
m l:
u ra X: G1 = 171OCT
17

u ra Y: G2 = 133OCT

Hnh 1. 9: M chp gc vi tc m 1/2

Nu s dng truyn dn phn cp thi mi b m ha knh (trong hai b song
song) c th c tc m ring r. M chp gc khng ch c tc m cn c tc
m 2/3, 3/4,5/6, v 7/8.
Tro trong
Tro trong bao gm qu trnh tro bit trc v tro symbol sau. C hai qu trnh
u thc hin tro cc khi bit d liu.
a) Tro bit
u vo b tro trong c th c ti hai u vo, c tch thnh 2,4 hoc 6 dng con
theo th t iu ch v loi iu ch. Trong mode khng phn cp, dng bit vo duy
nht c tch ra thnh V dng bit con, V = 2 khi iu ch QPSK, v = 4 khi iu ch
16-QAM v v = 8 khi iu ch 64-QAM. Trong mode iu ch phn cp, c hai dng
u tin thp thnh 4 dng con. iu ny c thc hin vi c hai ch iu ch QAM
ng nht v khng ng nht.
b) Tro symbol
Mc ch ca tro symbol l nh x cc t m Y bit ln 1512 sng mang (trong mode
2k) hay 6048 sng mang (trong mode 8k) thuc mt symbol OFDM. B tro symbol
thc hin tro cc khi 1512 hay 6048 symbol d liu.
V th, trong mode 2k, 12 nhm * 126 t d liu b tro bit c c tun t vo
vector Y = (y0,y1,y2 ,y1511) v trong mode 8k tng t l vector Y= (y0, y1, y2,y6047)
c c tun t t 48 nhm * 126 t d liu. u ra b tro l vector Y = (y0, y1,
y2,ymax-i) c nh ngha YH(q) = yq vi cc symbol chn (q = 0,1 ... Nmax-i); Yq =
yH(q) vi cc symbol l ( q = 0,1 ... Nmax-i )

18

Ch s symbol xc nh v tr symbol OFDM trong khung OFDM l hm hon v.

Mt vector Ri c to ra t vector Ri bng cc hon v bit nh trong hai bng sau.

Bng 1. 2: Cc hon v trong mode 2K

Bng 1. 3: Cc hon v trong mode 8K

Hm tn hiu COFDM trong chun DVB - T
Tn hiu pht c t chc thnh cc khung. Mi khung c chu k Tf cha 68
symbol OFDM. Bn khung nh vy to thnh mt siu khung.
Mi symbol c to thnh bi mt tp cc sng mang con. Trong mode 2k s
sng mang con l k = 1705 v mode 8k l k = 6817. Mi sng mang c khong thi gian
tn ti Ts, bao gm hai phn l thi gian hu ch cho thng tin Tu v thi gian phng v
nm ngay trc Tu v cha phn sn gim ca tn hiu trong Tu. C th c cc la
chn sau cho khong phng v .
Nu nh khng tnh n t chc khung th ta c hm tn hiu khi cha ln cao
tn dng cng thc.

19

Ch thay N bi Kmax v n bi k

Bng 1. 4: cc gi tr ca cc khong bo v

Hnh 1. 10: Thi gian mt symbol chn khong bo v

Tn hiu c t chc thnh cc khung gm 68 sym bol OFDM nn hm c dng

V khi nhn ln vi tn s cao tn fc pht i th ta c s phc v hm tn

hiu ra khi my pht s l phn thc.
Trong
K: s sng mang.
20

l: ch s symbol OFDM trong mt khung.

m: ch s khung truyn.
k: ch s sng mang trong mt symbol.
Tu: nghch o ca khong cch gia hai sng mang.
Fc: tn s trung tm ca tn hiu cao tn.
Xmi;k: symbol t hp cho sng mang th k ca symbol d liu th 1 trong khung
th m.
My thu DVB - T thc t

Hnh 1. 11: S khi thc t bn trong my thu pht DVB-T

-

Anten: Thng dng anten c nhiu chn t dn x, 1 chn t ch ng, mt s

chn t phn x
B splitter: B chia tn hiu t mt ng vo s cho ra nhiu ng ra.
B nhn: L u thu k thut s mt t theo tiu chun DVB-T c chc nng
gii iu ch, gii m truyn dn (knh), gii a hp/ sa li, gii m ngun, bin
i s sang tng t.

Tn hiu truyn hnh k thut s thu c t Anten Yagi s a qua b chia Sliptter
thnh nhiu ng tn hiu, mi ng ra c a vo u k thut s s cho ra tn
hiu hnh v tn hiu ting nh ban u. Hai tn hiu ny c a vo b m ha
thc hin m ha cc knh truyn hnh, tn hiu sau s c iu ch li vi sng
mang c chn la theo s sp xp cc knh truyn hnh hu tuyn trong cp ng
trc.
+) My thu hnh s DVB-T EFA (ca hng Rohde & Schwarz, c) tha mn tiu
chun ETS300744 c th thu, gii iu ch, gii m v phn tch tn hiu OFDM. My
thu EFA c cc kh nng sau y:
21

rng bng tn knh: 6/7/8 MHz

Mode iu ch: 2K/8K.
th chm sao: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM.
T l m ha: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8.
Khong bo v: 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32.
Gii iu ch phn lp: = 2,4.
Sa li Reed-Solomom: RS (204/188).
rng bng tn mch lc SAW: 6/7/8 MHz.

+ Tn hiu i vo my thu hnh t anten 1 tn hiu OFDM. Sau khi bin i xung
(down converter), ta c tn hiu trung tn IF 36MHz. Tn hiu ny c lc bng cc
mch lc Saw khc nhau (ph thuc vo rng bng tn knh) v cng nhiu Gauss
bn trong. Tip theo, tn hiu IF c bin i thnh bng tn c bn bng cch s dng
b to dao ng iu khin s. Php bin i FFT (2K/8K) bin i tn hiu t min
thi gian vo min tn s. Sau xp x knh c dng sa bin /pha/ tr ca
tn hiu lm cho hu ht cc xung b suy gim trong khi truyn dn RF. Tip theo, cc
gi d liu c dng cho b gii m chp Viterbi, b gii chn d liu, b gii m
Reed-Solomon v b gii ngu nhin ha d liu (phn tn nng lng). Cui cng,
giao din MPEG-2 a dng truyn MPEG-2 gii iu ch n u ra phn cng
(TSSPi, TSASi).
+ My thu hnh s EFA 1 my thu chuyn dng, ngoi chc nng trn, n cn cho
php thc hin nhiu php o v hin th cc thng s sau: th chm sao, cc thng
s OFDM, hin th t s li iu ch MER, th I/Q, xp x knh, phn tch ph, hm
phn b bin , chc nng phn b tch ly CCDF, p ng xung.
Cc thng s o kim tra
C nhiu php o nh gi cht lng h thng truyn hnh s mt t theo tiu
chun DVB-T. Cc thng s cn thit o v kim tra nh:

22

 chnh xc tn s RF

Hnh 1. 12: My pht DVB-T

-

Mc ch: Nhm xc nh chnh xc ca tn s cao tn (RF) trong qu trnh

x l tn hiu trong h thng OFDM.
Giao din: Ng ra hai khi nng tn v khuch i cng sut.
Phng php: Cc sng mang ngoi cng trong tn hiu DVB-T l cc sng mang
hoa tiu lin tc. Cc tn s ny c o (nu cn thit th s dng ngun tham
chiu c chnh xc cao) v tnh trung bnh ca hai gi tr.
chn lc
Mc ch: Nhm nhn bit kh nng loi b can nhiu ngoi knh my thu.
Giao din: Vic o - kim tra mc tn hiu u vo v can nhiu c thc hin
ti ng vo my thu v s dng ng ra hai khi gii m trong v gii m tro
ngoi cho b kim tra BER.
Phng php: Cng sut u vo c iu chnh n 10db trn mc cng sut
ti thiu. Ngng C/I cn thit m bo hu nh khng c li (QEF) sau b
gii m RS (BER <10-4 trc b gii m RS) c o nh mt hm s ca tn s
can nhiu CW (continuous wave).
Phm vi iu khin t ng tn s
Mc ch: Nhm xc nh di tn s trong khong my thu c th ng b
c.
Giao din: Kim tra tn hiu ng vo my thu (test), v kim tra ng b dng
truyn ti TS ng ra my thu.
Phng php: Cho mt tn hiu vo u vo my thu vi mc 10db trn mc
cng sut ti thiu. Tn hiu c dch tn s theo tng bc ti gi tr danh nh,
li byte ng b (Sync byte error) c thit lp ngay khi byte ng b ng
(0x47) khng xut hin sau 188 hoc 204 byte. iu ny rt cn thit bi cu trc
ng b c s dng trong ton b dy chuyn t b m ha n b gii m.
Hn na vic kim tra phi c thc hin i vi tng byte v iu ny c th
khng nht thit phi c thc hin b m ha.
23

Cng sut RF/IF

Mc ch: o cng sut tn hiu hoc cng sut mong mun.
Giao din: T ng ra khi D/A my pht n ng vo khi A/D my thu.
Phng php: Cng sut tn hiu c nh ngha bng cng sut trung bnh ca
tn hiu v c o bi b cm ng cng sut nhit. Khi s dng my phn tch
ph hoc my thu chun cn tch hp cng sut tn hiu bn trong di thng ca
tn hiu.

Hnh 1. 13: My thu DVB-T

Cng sut tp nhiu

Mc ch: o cng sut tp nhiu, nhn t suy gim cht lng ng k trong
mng truyn dn.
Giao din: T ng vo my thu n khi A/D.
Phng php: Cng sut tp nhiu (cng sut trung bnh), hoc cng sut khng
mong mun c th o bng my phn tch ph (ngoi dch v). Cng sut tp
nhiu c xc nh trong di thng ca tn hiu OFDM (n X fSPACING).
nhy my thu/ di ng i vi knh Gaussian
Mc ch: Nhm xc nh cng sut u vo ti a v ti thiu i vi hot ng
bnh thng ca my thu phc v cng tc quy hoch.
Giao din: Kim tra tn hiu u vo my thu v kim tra BER trc RS ng
vo v ng ra ca khi Gii m tro ngoi.
Phng php: o cng sut u vo ti a v ti thiu ng vi sau b gii iu
ch RS (tc l BER <10^ trc gii m RS). Di ng l hiu ca hai gi tr.
Hiu sut cng sut
Mc ch: so snh hiu sut tng th ca cc my pht s DVB.
Giao din: Ng ra khi Khuch i cng sut bn my pht.
24

Phng php: Hiu sut cng sut l t s gia cng sut ra ca tn hiu truyn
hnh s DVB trn tng cng sut tiu th ca ton b dy chuyn t u vo dng
truyn ti (TS) n u ra tn hiu cao tn RF bao gm tt c thit b cn thit
hot ng nh qut, bin p.v.v...Knh cng tc v iu kin mi trng cn
c xc nh r.
Can nhiu lin kt
Mc ch: xc nh bt k can nhiu lin kt no c th nh hng n tin
cy ca vic phn tch I/Q hoc o, kim tra BER.
Giao din: T ng vo my thu n ng vo khi A/D.
Phng php: Php o c thc hin bng my phn tch ph. phn gii ca
di thng c suy gim theo tng bc (stepwise) sao cho mc hin th ca sng
mang iu ch (v tn hiu hoa tiu khng iu ch do nh hng ca khong
bo v) b gim. Can nhiu cw khng b nh hng bi qu trnh ny v c th
nhn bit bng cch tnh trung bnh tch hp.
Quan h gia ber v t s c/n khi thay i cng sut my pht
Mc ch: nh gi Ber ca mt my pht khi t s sng mang trn nhiu
(C/N) thay i, php o c lp li vi cc gi tr cng sut pht ra trung bnh
khc nhau. Php o ny c th c s dng so snh cht lng k thut mt
my pht so vi l thuyt hoc so vi cc my pht khc.
Giao din: T ng ra M trong bn my pht n b Gii m trong bn my thu.
Phng php: Mt chui nh phn gi ngu nhin (PRBS) t ng ra khi M
trong my thu c a n khi Tro trong th gi tr ca t s C/N c thit
lp ti u vo my thu kim tra (test receiver) bng cch cng thm nhiu
Gaussian v Ber ca chui nh phn gi ngu nhin c o ti im vo ca
khi Gii m trong bng my o Ber. Php o c lp li vi cc gi tr cng
sut pht ra trung bnh khc nhau.

Mt my pht th nghim s to ra 223-1 PRBS nh c nh ngha bi ITU-T

Rec.0.151. o cng sut nhiu v cng sut sng mang, b rng di thng c xc
nh bng n x fSPACING, vi n l s sng mang tch cc (6817 hoc 1705 sng mang trn
knh 8MHz v fSPACING l khong cch gia cc tn s sng mang OFDM).
Kt lun chng I
Qua chng I ta c th rt ra kt lun:
Truyn hnh s mt t DVB - T lm vic theo 2 mode 2K v 8K.
H thng DVB - T s dng iu ch COFDM, l phng php iu
ch sng mang c thit k khc phc hin tng phn x a
ng.
25

 thc hin truyn dn chnh xc, DVB - T s dng phn tn nng

lng dng bit v m sa sai RS (Reed - Solomon).
Tn hiu truyn dn c t chc thnh cc khung. Mi khung gm 68
symbol OFDM. Cc symbol ny c th cha d liu v thng tin tham
chiu.

26

CHNG II: TRUYN HNH S MT T THEO TIU CHUN CHU U

THE H TH 2 (DVB-T2).
Gii thiu
Chun DVB-T l chun pht sng truyn hnh s mt t c trin khai thnh
cng, c nhiu nc chp nhn. Ngay t khi cng b ln u nm 1995, chun ny
c s ng h ca trn 50% cc quc gia trn th gii. Tuy nhin, t sau s ra i
ca chun DVB-T th cc nghin cu v k thut truyn dn vn tip tc c trin khai
v cc ty chn v iu ch, v khng li ng truyn vn tip tc c pht trin. Mt
khc, nhu cu v ph tn cng gia tng v vi p lc v ph tn dng cho cc dch v
phi qung b (cng cng chia x vng bng tn ca cc dch v qung b) cng khin
cho vic gia tng hiu qu ca ph tng ln mc ti a cng cp thit.
T , nhm DVB Project pht trin chun truyn hnh s mt t th h th 2
l DVB-T2. Tiu chun ny c xut bn ln u tin vo 6/2008 v c ETSI
(European Telecommunication Standardisations Institute) chun ha t thng 9/2009.
Vic trin khai v pht trin sn phm cho chun mi ny cng bt u.
Kh nng gia tng dung lng trong mt multiplex truyn hnh s mt t l mt
trong nhng u im chnh ca chun DVB-T2. So snh vi chun truyn hnh s hin
nay l DVB-T th chun th h th hai DVB-T2 cung cp s gia tng dung lng ti
thiu 30% trong cng iu kin thu sng v dng cc anten thu hin c. Tuy nhin, mt
s th nghim s b cho rng dung lng trong thc t c th gia tng n gn 50%.
iu ny cng thun li cho vic trin khai cc dch v qung b mi i hi nhiu dung
lng hn.
Nhng tiu ch c bn ca DVB-T2
- DVB-T2 phi tun th tiu ch u tin c tnh nguyn tc l tnh tng quan
gia cc chun trong h DVB. iu c ngha l s chuyn i gia cc tiu
chun DVB phi thun tin cao nht n mc c th, v d gia DVB-S2 (tiu
chun truyn hnh s qua v tinh th h th 2 vn ly) v DVB-T2.
- DVB-T2 phi k tha nhng gii php tn ti trong cc tiu chun DVB khc.
DVB-T2 phi chp nhn 2 gii php k thut c tnh then cht ca DVB-S2, c
th:
Cu trc phn cp trong DVB-S2, ng gi d liu trong khung BB
(Base Band Frame).
S dng m sa sai LDPC (Low Density Parity Check).
- Mc tiu ch yu ca DVB-T2 l dnh cho cc u thu c nh v di chuyn
c, do vy, DVB-T2 phi cho php s dng c cc anten thu hin ang tn
ti mi gia nh v s dng li cc c s anten pht hin c.
27

Trong cng mt iu kin truyn sng, DVB-T2 phi t c dung lng cao
hn th h u (DVB-T) t nht 30%. DVB-T2 phi t c hiu qu cao hn
DVB-T trong mng n tn SFN (Single Frequency Network)
DVB-T2 phi c c ch nng cao tin cy i vi tng loi hnh dch v c th.
iu c ngha l DVB-T2 phi c kh nng t c tin cy cao hn i
vi mt vi dch v so vi cc dch v khc.
DVB-T2 phi c tnh linh hot i vi bng thng v tn s.
Nu c th, phi gim t s cng sut nh/ cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu
gim thiu gi thnh truyn sng.

Trn c s nhng tiu ch trn, t thng 6/2007 n thng 3/2008, trn 40 t chc
tp trung nghin cu tiu chun DVB-T2, thng qua nhiu bui hi tho, hi ngh qua
mng v Email. Cui cng cui nm 2008, nhng ni dung c bn ca tiu chun DVBT2 c ban hnh.
Vi nhng cng ngh s dng trong DVB-T2, dung lng d liu t c ti Anh
ln hn khong 50% so vi DVB-T, ngoi ra DVB-T2 cn c kh nng chng li phn
x nhiu ng (Multipaths) v can nhiu t bin tt hn nhiu so vi DVB-T.

Bng 2. 1: DVB-T2 s dng ti Anh so vi DVB-T

DVB-T2 thm ch cn t c dung lng cao hn so vi DVB-T trong mng
n tn (SFN) vi cng gi tr tuyt i ca khong bo v (67%). DVB-T2 cn cho
php s dng khong bo v ln hn 20% so vi DVB-T, iu ny cng ng ngha vi
vic m rng vng ph sng ca cc my pht trong mng SFN.
28

Bng 2. 2: Dung lng d liu trong mng SFN

Mt s ni dung chnh trong tiu chun DVB-T2.
M hnh cu trc DVB-T2.
H thng DVB-T2 c chia thnh 3 khi chnh pha pht (SS1, SS2, SS3) v
2 khi chnh pha thu (SS4, SS5) nh trnh by trong hnh

Hnh 2. 1: M hnh cu trc DVB-T2

SS1: M ho v ghp knh.
Khi SS1 c chc nng m ho tn hiu video/audio cng cc tn hiu ph tr
km theo nh PSI/SI hoc tn hiu bo hiu lp 2 (L2 Signalling) vi cng c iu khin
chung nhm m bo tc bit khng i i vi tt c cc dng bit. Khi ny c chc
29

nng hon ton ging nhau i vi tt c cc tiu chun ca DVB. u ra ca khi l

dng truyn ti MPEG-2TS (MPEG-2Transport Stream).
SS2: Basic T2 - Gateway
u vo ca SS1 c nh ngha trong [1], u ra l dng T2 - MI. Mi gi T2MI bao gm Baseband Frame, IQ Vector hoc thng tin bo hiu (LI hoc SFN). Dng
T2-MI cha mi thng tin lin quan n T2-FRAME. Mi dng T2-MI c th c
cung cp cho mt hoc mt vi b iu ch trong h thng DVB-T2. Dng thc giao
din ca T2-MI c nh ngha trong [2].
SS3: B iu ch DVB-T2 (DVB-T2 Modulator)
B iu ch DVB-T2 s dng Baseband Frame v T2- Frame mang trong dng
T2-MI u vo to ra DVB-T2 Frame.
SS4: Gii iu chDVB-T2 (DVB-T2 Demodulator)
B gii iu ch SS4 nhn tn hiu cao tn (RF Signal) t mt hoc nhiu my
pht (SFN Network) v cho mt dng truyn ti (MPEG-TS) duy nht ti u ra.
SS5: Gii m dng truyn ti (Stream Decoder)
B gii m SS5 nhn dng truyn ti (MPEG-TS) ti u vo v cho tn hiu
video/audio ti u ra.
Lp vt l DVB-T2.
M hnh lp vt l ca DVB-T2 c trnh by trong hnh 3.2. u vo h thng
c th bao gm mt hoc nhiu dng truyn ti MPEG-TS hoc dng GS (Generic
Stream).
u vo ca lp vt l l tn hiu cao tn RF. Tn hiu u ra cng c th c
chia thnh hai ng cung cp cho anten th 2, thng l 1 my pht khc. Vic x
l dng d liu vo v FEC phi c la chn sao cho c kh nng tng thch vi c
ch s dng trong DVB-S2. iu c ngha, DVB-T2 phi c cng cu trc basebandframe, baseband-header, gi "0' (Null packet) LDPC/BCH FEC v ng b dng d liu
nh DVB-S2.
Cc thng s COFDM ca DVB-T cng c m rng so vi DVB-T, trong
bao gm:
-

FFT: 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K

Khong bo v: 1/128, 1/32, 1/16, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128, #
Pilot phn tn : 8 bin th khc nhau ph hp vi cc khong bo v khc nhau
Pilot lin tc: tng t nh DVB-T, tuy nhin ti u hn
Tro: bao gm tro bit, tro t bo, tro thi gian v tro tn s.
30

Vic c mt khong la chn rng hn cc thng s COFDM cng vi m sa sai

mnh hn, cho php DVB-T2 t c dung lng cao hn DVB-T gn 50% i vi
mng MFN v thm ch cn ln hn i vi mng SFN.

Hnh 2. 2: Lp vt l
DVB-T2 cn c mt s tnh cht mi gp phn ci thin cht lng h thng.
-

Cu trc khung (Frame Structure), trong c cha symbol nhn din c bit
c s dng qut knh (channel scanning) v nhn bit tn hiu nhanh hn.
Chm sao xoay, nhm to nn tnh a dng trong iu ch tn hiu, h tr vic
thu tn hiu c t l m sa sai ln.
Cc gii php k thut c bit nhm gim t s gia mc nh v mc trung
bnh ca tn hiu pht.
Tu chn i vi kh nng m rng khung d liu trong tng lai.
Nhng gii php k thut c bn.

ng lp vt l (Physical Layer Pipes - PLP).

i hi ca th trng i vi tin cy ca cc dch v v s cn thit phi c
cc loi dng d liu khc nhau dn ti khi nim "ng" lp vt l hon ton trong
sut c kh nng truyn ti d liu c lp vi cu trc v cc thng s PLP khc nhau.
C dung lng v tin cy u c kh nng iu chnh cho ph hp vi tng nh cung
cp ni dung/dch v, tu thuc vo loi u thu, mi trng.
DVB-T2 cn cho php "gn" cc gi tr: th chm sao, t l m v tro thi
gian cho tng PLP, ngoi ra cn "dng thc ho" ni dung theo cng mt cu trc khung
"baseband frame" nh c p dng trong DVB-S2.

Hnh 2. 3: Cc PLP khc nhau vi cc lt thi gian khc nhau

31

c bit, mt nhm dch v c th cng chia s mt thng tin chung, v d bng

PSI/SI hoc CA. trnh phi truyn "p" cc thng tin ny i vi tng PLP, DVBT2 c cha "PLP chung" c chia s bi mt nhm PLP. Nh vy, my thu phi gii
m 2 PLP ti cng 1 thi im khi thu mt dch v: PLP d liu v PLP chung i km.
Hai mode u vo, do c nh ngha: u vo mode A s dng duy nht mt PLP
v u vo mode B s dng nhiu PLP.
u vo mode A.
u vo mode A l mode n gin nht. y ch c duy nht mt PLP c s
dng, truyn ti duy nht mt dng d liu. H qu tin cy ca cc ni dung thng
tin ging nhau nh i vi DVB-T.
u vo mode B.
u vo mode B l mode tin tin c s dng cho nhiu PLP (hnh 3.4). Ngoi
tin cy cao i vi cc dch v nht nh, mode B cn cho php khong tro thi gian
di hn v tit kim nng lng hn i vi u thu.

Hnh 2. 4: T-2 Frame vi knh RF n v nhiu PLP mode

Bng tn ph (1. 7 Mhz v 10 Mhz).
p ng cc dch v chuyn dng, v d truyn tn hiu t camera v mt
studio lu ng, DVB-T2 cn bao gm tu chn bng tn 10Mhz. Cc my thu dn
dng khng h tr bng tn ny. DVB-T2 cn s dng c bng tn 1.712 Mhz cho cc
dch v thu di ng (trong bng III v bng L)
Cc mode sng mang m rng (i vi 8K, 16K, 32K).
Do phn nh xung vung trong th ph cng sut suy gim nhanh hn i vi
kch thc FFT ln. im ngoi cng ca ph tn hiu OFDM c th tri rng hn, iu
ny cng ng ngha vi vic nhiu sng mang ph trn mt symbol c s dng

Hnh 2. 5: Mt ph cng sut i vi 2K v 32K

32

truyn ti d liu. li (gain) t c gia 1.4% (8Kmode) v 2.1% (32Kmode).

Hnh di so snh ph ca 2K so vi 32K iu kin bnh thng v 32K trong mode
sng mang m rng. Sng mang m rng l 1 c tnh tu chn, bi l vi c tnh ny
kh c c th t c mt n ph (spectrum mask) cng nh t s bo v.

MISO da trn Alamouti (trn trc tn s).

Do DVB-T h tr mng n tn (SFN), s hin din ca tn hiu c cng
mnh tng t nhau t 2 my pht c th to nn im "lm" (deep notches). khc
phc hin tng ny, my pht i hi phi c cng sut cao hn.
DVB-T2 c tu chn s dng k thut Alamouti: vi mt cp my pht hnh
Alamouti l mt v d ca MISO (Multiple Input, Single Output), trong mi im
ca th chm sao c truyn bi mt my, cn my pht th 2 truyn phin bn c
chnh sa mt cht ca tng cp ca chm sao vi th t ngc li trn trc tn s.
K thut Alamouti cho kt qu tng ng vi phng thc thu phn tp trn
phng din t c s kt hp ti u gia hai tn hiu, t s tn/tp cui cng, l
cng sut tng hp ca hai tn hiu trong khng gian.

Hnh 2. 6: M hnh MISO

Symbol khi u (P1 v P2).
Nhng symbol u tin ca khung DVB-T2 lp vt l l cc symbol khi u
(preamble symbols). Cc symbol ny truyn mt s lng hn ch cc thng tin bo
hiu bng phng thc truyn c tin cy. Khung u tin c bt u bng symbol
P1, iu ch BPSK vi tin cy cao. Vi khong bo v c hai u, symbol P1 mang
7 bit thng tin (bao gm kch thc FFT ca symbol d liu). Cc symbol P2, s lng
c c nh cho mi kch thc FFT, cung cp thng tin bo hiu lp 1 k c tnh,
ng v kh nng cu trc.
Cc bit u tin ca thng tin bo hiu (L1 - Pre-signalling) c phng thc iu
ch v m ho c nh, cc bit cn li (L1 - Post-signalling) t l m c xc nh l
1/2 nhng phng thc iu ch c th c la chn gia QPSK, 16-QAM v 64QAM. Symbol P2 ni chung, cn cha d liu PLP chung v/hoc PLP d liu.
33

Mu hnh tn hiu Pilot (Pilot Pattern).

Pilot phn tn ((Scattered Pilots) c xc nh t trc c v bin v pha, v
c "cy" vo tn hiu vi khong cch u nhau trn c hai trc thi gian v tn s.
Pilot phn tn c s dng nh gi s thay i trn ng truyn.

Hnh 2. 7: Mu hnh Pilot phn tn i vi DVB-T(Tri) v DVB-T2(phi).

Trong khi DVB-T p dng mu hnh tnh (static pattern) c lp vi kch thc
FFT v khong bo v, DVB-T2 tip cn mt cch linh hot hn, bng cch nh ngha
8 mu hnh khc nhau c th la chn, tu thuc vo kch thc FFT v khong bo
v i vi mi ng truyn ring bit.
i vi Pilot lin tc, t l phn trm ca DVB-T2 ph thuc vo kch thc FFT
v t khong t 0.7 Pilot phn tn cho php gim thiu "vt mc" (overhead) t
45% i vi 8K, 16K v 32K.
Phng thc iu ch 256-QAM.
Trong h thng DVB-T, phng thc iu ch cao nht l 64-QAM cho php
truyn ti 6bit/symbol/sng mang (c ngha l 6bit/t bo OFDM). DVB-T2, phng
thc iu ch 256QAM (hnh 8) cho php tng ln 8bit/t bo OFDM, tng 33% hiu
xut s dng ph v dung lng d liu i vi mt t l m cho trc. Thng thng,
tng dung lng d liu thng i hi mt t s cng sut sng mang trn tp nhiu
cao hn (4 hoc 5dB, tu thuc vo knh truyn v t l m sa sai), bi l khong cch
Euclide gia hai im cnh nhau trn th chm sao ch bng khong 1/2 so vi 64QAM v do vy u thu s nhy cm hn i vi tp nhiu. Tuy nhin, m LDPC tt
hn nhiu so vi m cun (Convolution code) v nu chn t l m mnh hn mt cht
cho 256QAM so vi t l m s dng trong 64-QAM ca DVB-T, t s cng sut sng
mang trn tp nhiu C/N s khng thay i trong khi vn t c mt tng trng
tc bit ng k. 256-QAM do vy s l mt s la chn y ha hn trn thc t.

34

Hnh 2. 8: th chm sao 256-QAM

Chm sao xoay (Rotated Constellation).
Mt trong s cc k thut mi c s dng trong DVB-T2 l chm sao xoay (Rotated
Constellation) v tr Q (Q-delay). Sau khi nh v, chm sao c "xoay" mt gc
trn mt phng I-Q nh m t trn hnh.

Hnh 2. 9: Chm sao 16-QAM "xoay"

35

Hnh 2. 10: Thnh tch ca chm sao xoay so vi khng xoay.

Cc thnh phn I v Q c tch bi qu trnh tro sao cho chng c truyn
trn min tn s v thi gian khc nhau. Nu c mt thnh phn b hu hoi trn knh
truyn, thnh phn cn li c th c s dng ti to li thng tin. K thut ny
trnh c mt mt trn knh Gauss v to c li 0.7dB trn knh c phaing.
li ny cn ln hn trn knh 0dB phn x (SFN) v knh xo (nhiu t bin, phaing
c chn lc) (Hnh 10). iu ny cng ng ngha vi vic c th s dng t l m, tc
bit cao hn.
16K, 32K FFT v t l khong bo v 1/128.
Tng kch thc FFT ng ngha vi vic lm hp khong cch gia cc sng
mang v lm tng chu k symbol. Vic ny, mt mt lm tng can nhiu gia cc symbol
v lm gim gii hn tn s cho php i vi hiu ng Doppler. Mt khc, chu k symbol
di hn, cng c ngha l t l khong bo v nh hn i vi cng gi tr tuyt i ca
khong bo v trn trc thi gian. T l khong bo v bng 1/128 trong DVB-T2, cho
php 32K s dng khong bo v c cng gi tr tuyt i nh 8K 1/32 nh hnh 11.

Hnh 2. 11: Khong bo v i (GI) vi 8K v 32K1/128

36

M sa sai LDPC/BCH.
Trong khi DVB-T s dng m sa sai trong v ngoi l m cun v m R-S
(Convolutional and Reed-Solomon Codes), DVB-T2 v DVB-S2 s dng LDPC/BCH.
Cc m ny cho php kh nng bo v tt hn, truyn nhiu d liu hn trn cng mt
knh thng tin.
M sa sai kim tra u tin cng thp LDPC (low-density parity check
code) l mt lp cc m khi tuyn tnh tng ng l mt ma trn kim tra u tin
H. Ma trn H ch gm cc s 0 v 1 nm ri rc. iu c ngha rng cng ca
cc s 1 trong ma trn ny rt thp. Vic m ho c thc hin bng cc phng trnh
bin i t ma trn H to ra cc bit kim tra u tin. Vic gii m c thit lp
bng cch s dng cc u vo mm (soft-inputs) kt hp vi cc phng trnh ny
to ra cc c lng mi cho cc gi tr thng tin c gi. M LDPC c th loi
tr c cc tng li. xc nh c tng li, mt m pha ngoi (m ngoi) c
thm vo trong cng ngh LDPC, l m BCH. M ngoi BCH c hiu qu vi tng
li thp. V vy, t chc DVB chn phng php m ngoi BCH v m ni LDPC l
m sa sai ca tiu chun DVB-S2, cng c p dng cho DVB-T2.

Hnh 2. 12: So snh m sa sai s dng trong DVB-T v DVB-T2

Tro bit, t bo, thi gian v tn s.
Mc ch ca tro l tri ni dung thng tin trn min thi gian v/hoc tn s
sao cho k c nhiu t bin ln phaing u khng c kh nng xo i mt chui bit
di ca dng d liu gc. Tro cn c thit k sao cho cc bit thng tin c truyn
ti bi mt im xc nh trn th chm sao khng tng ng vi chui bit lin tc
trong dng d liu gc.
K thut gim thiu t s cng sut nh/cng sut trung bnh (Peak - to - average
Power Ratio - PAPR).
PAPR trong h thng OFDM cao c th lm gim hiu xut b khuch i cng
sut RF. C hai k thut lm gim PAPR c s dng trong h thng DVB- T2: m
37

rng chm sao tch cc (Active Constellation Extension - ACE) v hn ch m sc (Tone

Reservation - TR).
K thut ACE lm gim PAPR bng cch m rng cc im ngoi ca th
chm sao trn min tn s, cn TR lm gim PAPR bng cch trc tip loi b cc gi
tr nh ca tn hiu trn min thi gian.
Hai k thut b sung cho nhau, ACE hiu qu hn TR mc iu ch thp cn
TR hiu qu hn ACE mc iu ch cao. Hai k thut khng loi tr nhau v c kh
nng s dng ng thi. Tuy nhin ACE khng c s dng vi chun xoay.
Kt lun chng II
Tiu chun truyn hnh s mt t th h th 2 (DVB-T2) c cng b thng 22009 (sau DVB-S2 v DVB-C2 cho truyn hnh s trn v tinh v truyn hnh cp).
DVB-T2 s dng nhiu gii php k thut mi nh: ng vt l, bng tn ph, cc mode
sng mang m rng, MISO da trn Alamouti, symbol khi u (P1,P2), mu hnh tn
hiu Pilot, chm sao xoay,... mc ch l lm tng tin cy ca knh truyn v tng
dung lng bit. Trn thc t, DVB-T2 c kh nng truyn ti dung lng bit ln hn
DVB-T gn 50% i vi mng a tn (MFN) v thm ch cao hn i vi mng n tn
(SFN). DVB-T2 l h thng truyn hnh s mt t l tng cho truyn hnh c phn
gii cao HDTV (High Defination Televition).
S sn sng ca chun DVB-T2 mang n cc c hi mi cho mi trng truyn
hnh mt t. Cc nh qung b v nh cung cp dch v khc c th quan tm h tr
cc dch v mi trn DTT m trc kh trin khai do hn ch v dung lng bng
thng trong cc bng tn VHF v UHF.
Vic pht trin chun truyn hnh s mt t th h th hai p ng c yu
cu thc t. l s gia tng dung lng bng thng gip cung cp cho ngi xem cc
dch v truyn hnh mi. Trong nhiu quc gia, chun DVB-T2 h tr c hi cho cc
nh qung b trin khai mt chui cc dch v HDTV trn mi trng DTT. Chun
DVB-T2 cng c kh nng h tr cc dch v c th trong tng lai. Cc dch v th h
k tip nh 3D TV c th hng li t vic gia tng dung lng sn c ca DVB-T2.
Tuy nhin, m bo hiu qu kinh t, cc c tnh k thut chung cho my thu
DVB-T2 cn c cc nh iu hnh quc gia cng b sm. iu ny s hn ch s
phn ha th trng v m bo cho ngi xem c th c nhiu chn la my thu vi
gi thp nht c th. y cng l l do m cc nh sn xut bt u hp tc nh
ngha cc yu cu cho my thu DVB-T2 .
Theo sau s kt thc chuyn i tng t, ngi ta hy vng rng cc quc gia s
bt u trin khai cc dch v dng chun DVB-T2. Trong mt s quc gia, chun mi
38

ny s dng h tr cc dch v HDTV (c min ph v tr tin) v cng dng ci

tin hay thay th cc dch v truyn hnh c phn gii chun hin nay. Tuy nhin,
vic thay th chun DVB-T bi DVB-T2 cng cn c mt khong thi gian qu
trong qu trnh chuyn i. Ngi ta cng cho rng chun DVB-T v DVB-T2 s cng
tn ti trong nhiu nm, mi chun h tr ngi xem cc loi dch v khc nhau.
Nhn chung, DVB-T2 s em n nhiu c hi trin khai cc dch v mi. Vi
vic gia tng dung lng ln mc gii hn vt l c th, chun DVB-T2 s rt thch hp
vi nhiu dch v trong tng lai. Mt khc, cc thit b cn cho chun ny hin vn
cha trng thnh nn kh nng ng dng rng ca DVB-T2 s ch c quan tm
nhiu trong vi nm ti

39

CHNG III. KT QU TH NGHIM

Nh trnh by phn trc, chun DVB-T2 cho php nhiu s la chn cc
thng s: phng thc iu ch, mt iu ch, khong bo v, t l m.... Kh nng
tch hp cao nn c rt nhiu cc tp tham s cho vic la chn cc ch pht. Trong
phm vi ti, khng th xem xt ht tt c cc trng hp.
Qua cc phn tch phn 2, ti nghin cu mt s cc ng dng ph bin ca
DVB-T2 v a ra mt s cc b tham s thch hp cho cc mc ch c th :
-

u tin, vi mc tiu thu c nh, xem xt cc ch khi pht a tn

Hai l, vi mc tiu cho vic thu di ng v indor, s dng mng n tn, yu
cu mt khong bo v tng i ln gim thiu nhiu trong mng n tn
kh nng chng can nhiu, cch ly gia cc my pht tt hn.

Cc tham s, cu hnh v cc tc d liu cho DVB-T2 c Vin tiu chun

Vin thng Chu u ETSI khuyn co trong [TS 102 831, EN 302 755].
Hai trng hp my thu c quan tm u tin l thu c nh v thu xch tay
ngoi tri. Cng ngh cho thit b thu di ng v thu xch tay trong nh ang trong giai
on pht trin. Thc t, phng thc thu ngoi tri xch tay c xem nh phng
thc trung gian cho trin khai phng thc thu di ng v trong nh ng vi yu cu
cht ch hn v h tng DVB-T2 hoc b sung cc tnh nng khc (chun DVB-NGH
trong tng lai).
Cc bi ton c cp trong phm vi ca ti ch yu gm cc trng hp
thu c nh, thng c hiu l thu bng anten nh hng gn trn nc nh, cc vng
ph sng mc tiu trong giai on u l cc vng th. pha thu, h tng hin c
cho thu sng c nh c xem l khng i. Cc h thng thu TV trong nh (SMATV)
hoc thu RF trong thi gian ti c th khng c nhiu ci tin mang tnh t ph, tuy
nhin chng vn s tc ng n vic la chn mode DVB-T2, cc yu cu C/N v vng
ph sng ca h thng.
Vic thu xch tay hoc di ng c kho st vi anten v hng cao 1.5m
so vi mt t, mt s my thu xch tay giai on chun b cho thng mi sn c
mt s quc gia trn th gii.
Trong phm vi ti, phn kho st ch yu l cu trc mng pht sng mt t
p ng c cc yu cu v ph sng. Theo cc ti liu tham kho ca mt s quc gia
chp nhn chun DVB, c nhiu cu hnh h thng mng pht sng khc nhau ang
c s dng. Theo , yu cu ti thiu v C/N ca pha thu l khong 17dB, v gi tr
ny c s dng cho mc tiu tham chiu. Cc mode kho st c yu cu v C/N ti
thiu t 17 n 23 dB cho thu c nh, v ln hn 10dB cho thu cm tay di ng.
40

Da trn cc yu cu v tc bit v nh dng, kh nng truyn ti cc dch theo

chun DVB-T2 c kho st vi hai ''kch bn''. pha thu, hai phng thc thu c
kho st gm thu c nh v thu di ng, mt s vn v tng thch ngc v gii
php x l. Kt qu ca cc kho st ny l a ra c c tnh kh nng s dch v
m mng DVB-T2 c th pht sng.
Xy dng m hnh, quy trnh th nghim DVB-T2
M hnh th nghim h thng DVB-T2:
SS3:
Tn hiu
u vo

T2-MI

iu ch T2

RF out

SS4:

SS5: MPEG
Decoder

T2 Demod
RF out

SS1:
M ho v
ghp knh
Video/Audio

Ts

SS2:

SS3:

SS4:

Basic Gateway

iu ch T2

T2 Demod

T2-MI

Tn
hiu
ra

SS5:
MPEG
SS3:

Decoder

iu ch T2

RF out

SS3:

SS3:
SS4:

iu ch T2

iu
T2 Demod
ch T2

SS5: MPEG
Decoder

Trong :
SS1: M ho v ghp knh. Khi SS1 c chc nng m ho tn hiu
video/audio cng cc tn hiu ph tr km theo nh: PSI/SI hoc tn
hiu bo hiu lp 2 (L2 Signalling) vi cng c iu khin chung nhm
m bo tc bit khng i i vi tt c cc dng bit. Khi ny c
chc nng hon ton ging nhau p ng cc tiu chun ca DVB.
u ra ca khi l dng truyn ti MPEG-2TS (MPEG - 2 Transport
Stream).
SS2: Basic T2 Gateway: u vo ca SS1 c nh ngha trong
[1], u ra l dng T2 - MI. Mi gi T2-MI bao gm: Baseband
Frame, IQ Vector hoc thng tin bo hiu (LI hoc SFN). Dng T2MI cha mi thng tin lin quan n T2-FRAME. Mi dng T2-MI c
th c cung cp cho mt hoc mt vi b iu ch trong h thng
DVB-T2.
SS3: B iu ch DVB-T2 (DVB-T2 Modulator) B iu ch DVBT2 s dng Baseband Frame v T2- Frame mang trong dng T2-MI
u vo to ra DVB-T2 Frame.
41

 SS4: Gii iu ch DVB-T2 (DVB-T2 Demodulator) B gii iu ch

SS4 nhn tn hiu cao tn (RF Signal) t mt hoc nhiu my pht
(SFN Network) v cho mt dng truyn ti (MPEG-TS) duy nht ti
u ra.
SS5: Gii m dng truyn ti (Stream Decoder) B gii m SS5 nhn
dng truyn ti (MPEG-TS) ti u vo v cho tn hiu video/audio ti
u ra.
Th thay i cc ch pht DVB-T2 (phng thc iu ch, FEC, Code
rate, GI,xoay chm sao....)
Ngun TS

B iu
ch DVBT2

Monitor

B gi lp
Fading

B to
nhiu

Up
converter

My thu
DVB-T2

Ma o
cng sut

Hnh 3. 1: M hnh th nghim cc ch pht ca DVB-T2

Th ch Multi PLP v Common PLP

TS1
T2GW
TS2

T2MI
PLP0
PLP1
PLP2

B to
DVB-T2

IRD

Hnh 3. 2: M hnh th nghim ch M-PLP

Can nhiu cng knh gia DVB-T2 & DVB-T

42

Hnh 3. 3: Can nhiu cng knh gia DVB-T2 & DVB-T

Th ch SFN

Hnh 3. 4: Th ch SFN
43

Thit b s dng th nghim:

STT Tn thit b

K hiu

Cho thu v tinh

PARABOL

u thu v tinh
Proview 7000
chuyn dng

Nc
SX

Tnh nng chnh

Thu tn hiu t band Ku
Nhn tn hiu t cho thu, gii m
v cung cp tn hiu: ASI, Video,
Audio cho cc b iu ch.
Nn tn hiu Video, Audio.u ra
l tn hiu ASI a vo cc iu
ch

B nn

BDX - E1000

SonyNht

iu ch DVB-T

V-XCAST

PHP

iu ch, pht ra RF tn hiu

truyn hnh s DVB-T.

NETMod

Enensy
s-Phn
Lan

iu ch, pht ra RF tn hiu

truyn hnh s DVB-T2.

T2-GW

Enensy
s-Phn
Lan

Cung cp cc tn hiu, phng

thc iu khin cho cc b iu
ch DVB-T2 thng qua giao din
T2-MI.

iu ch DVB-T2

T2- Gateway

B cng nhiu

u thu dn dng

i-CAN

Mn hnh hin th

SAMSUNG

Gii iu ch

BRIDGE-VB
252

Thu tn hiu truyn hnh s DVBT,T2. Gii m v cung cp cc

tham s pha pht ang s dng.

ACER

iu khin v hin th cc tham s

cho cc thit b qua cng giao tip
IP

10

11

My tnh

12

My phn tch ph

Dng cng cc tn hiu RF ca

DVB-T v DVB-T2
Thu v gii m tn hiu truyn hnh
s
VN

Hin th hnh nh thu c

o v nh gi h thng thu pht

DVB-T v DVB-T2.
44

13

Referee - T2

Enensys

Phn
Lan

o, kim tra cht lng DVB-T2

14

Cng sut 500W

Electrica

Italia

Khuych i tn hiu RF t Net

Mod

15

My o ETL

R&S

o phn tch tn hiu iu ch RF

Bng 3. 1: Cc thit b dng th nghim

S u ni thit b v kt qu o ti phng th nghim:
Khng c knh can nhiu.
Chia

Suy gim

RF

i-CAN

A/V
v tinh
RF

TV

RF

RF

DTTV
proview 7000

A/V

RF
ENCODER

BRIDGE

ASI

IP

Computer

Phn tch & kim tra

Hnh 3. 5: S khi th nghim thu, pht DVB-T2 qua h thng anten khi khng c can nhiu
cng knh

* Kt qu:
-

Pht DVB-T2 trn knh 28, tn s 530MHz.

S dng cc Dng ASI u vo c tc :
+ Tc cao: 38,9Mb/s
+Tc thp: 24,0Mb/s
45

Thay i cc thng s pht: Ch iu ch, m sa sai, khong bo v.

S dng thit b o o: mc tn hiu, C/N, MER.
S sng cc Set-top-box nh gi kh nng thu nhn v cht lng hnh nh.
* Th nghim cc ch pht, kim tra vi mc C/N ti thiu
Theo khuyn co ca EBU TECH 3348: Mc C/N ti thiu u thu c th
nhn v gii m:
Phng thc thu

Ch pht DVB-T2

C/N (dB)

Thu c nh

256-QAM, FEC:2/3, 32k, PP7

18,9

Thu ngoi tri (trong th)

64-QAM, FEC:2/3, 32k, PP3

17,1

Thu trong nh (trong th)

64-QAM, FEC 2/3, 16k, PP3

17,1

Thu di ng (vng ngoi th)

16-QAM, FEC 1/2, 8k, PP2

9,4

Thu bng in thoi di ng

16-QAM, FEC 1/2, 8k, PP3

12,3

Thu khi di chuyn

16-QAM, FEC 1/2, 8k, PP3

9,0

* nh gi kt qu th nghim:
Tin hnh a tn hiu iu ch c cng nhiu vo thit b thu qua b cng. iu
chnh cc mc thu ti hn. Th nghim vi cc tc bit u vo khc nhau, cho thy
kt qu gn tng ng
Tc bit cho th nghim: kim tra qua giao din ASI, ng vi cc ch :
Bit rate = 12,5 n 18,8 Mb/s cho cc ch pht s dng 16QAM
Bit rate = 22,5 n 28,9 Mb/s cho cc ch pht s dng 64QAM
Bit rate = 30 n 38,9 Mb/s cho cc ch pht s dng 256QAM
Cc ch pht vi FFT: 8K, 16K, 32K; GI: 1/32 v 1/16
iu ch

FEC

GI

FFT

16-QAM

1/2

1/32

8k

11,1

20,1

16-QAM

3/5

1/32

8k

11,3

22,3

16-QAM

2/3

1/32

8k

11,8

23,3

16-QAM

3/4

1/32

8k

11,6

22,8

C/N (dB) MER (dB)

Ghi ch

46

16-QAM

4/5

1/16

8k

12,7

23,9

16-QAM

5/6

1/16

8k

12,9

23,8

64-QAM

1/2

1/16

16k

18,3

20,8

64-QAM

3/5

1/16

16k

18,5

20,7

64-QAM

2/3

1/16

16k

19,0

20,6

64-QAM

3/4

1/16

16k

18,8

20,3

64-QAM

4/5

1/16

16k

18,4

21,7

64-QAM

5/6

1/16

16k

18,5

21,0

256-QAM

1/2

1/32

32k

21,4

21,8

256-QAM

3/5

1/32

32k

21,9

22,6

256-QAM

2/3

1/32

32k

22,1

23,9

256-QAM

3/4

1/32

32k

23,6

24,1

256-QAM

4/5

1/32

32k

25,4

24,4

256-QAM

5/6

1/32

32k

25,7

24,5

Cc ch pht vi FFT: 16K, 32K; GI: 1/32 v 1/16

iu ch

C/N
FEC

GI

MER

FFT

Ghi ch
(dB)

(dB)

16-QAM

1/2

1/32

16k

14,1

20,9

16-QAM

3/5

1/32

16k

14,3

20,7

16-QAM

2/3

1/32

16k

14,8

22,1

16-QAM

3/4

1/32

16k

14,1

22,2

16-QAM

4/5

1/32

16k

14,7

20,9

16-QAM

5/6

1/32

16k

13,9

20,8

64-QAM

1/2

1/16

32k

18,3

21,8

64-QAM

3/5

1/16

32k

18,5

21,8

64-QAM

2/3

1/16

32k

18,1

21,9
47

64-QAM

3/4

1/16

32k

18,9

22,3

64-QAM

4/5

1/16

32k

18,4

22,7

64-QAM

5/6

1/16

32k

18,9

22,0

256-QAM

1/2

1/16

32k

21,9

22,5

256-QAM

3/5

1/16

32k

21,9

22,6

256-QAM

2/3

1/16

32k

22,1

23,3

256-QAM

3/4

1/16

32k

23,3

23,7

256-QAM

4/5

1/16

32k

25,5

25,0

256-QAM

5/6

1/16

32k

26,3

25,4

Kt qu kho st quan h C/N v BER vi cc b tham s trong cng iu

kin mi trng
Kt qu o kim tra cht lng thu tn hiu DVB-T2 gia hai b thng s c cng
dung lng bit: 16QAM, 3/4, 1/4 v 64QAM, 1/2, 1/4
Ngy o: 16/07/2012 n 20/07/2012
iu kin o:
- Cng iu kin mi trng
- Mc C/N = 14,8 dB 0,2
- Mc tn hiu = -75 dBm
Ln o

Phng thc
iu ch

M sa sai

Khong bo v

BER

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,28*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,24*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,25*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,21*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,18*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,25*10-5

48

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,13*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,06*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/4

9,80*10-6

10

16QAM

3/4

1/4

9,45*10-6

11

16QAM

3/4

1/4

9,80*10-6

12

16QAM

3/4

1/4

8,85*10-6

13

16QAM

3/4

1/4

8,67*10-6

14

16QAM

3/4

1/4

9,16*10-6

15

16QAM

3/4

1/4

8,48*10-6

16

16QAM

3/4

1/4

8,63*10-6

17

16QAM

3/4

1/4

8,77*10-6

18

16QAM

3/4

1/4

7,62*10-6

19

16QAM

3/4

1/4

9,9*10-6

20

16QAM

3/4

1/4

1,17*10-5

64QAM

1/2

1/4

6,46*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,02*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/4

4,15*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/4

7,94*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,36*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/4

3,31*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/4

7,89*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/4

7,46*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,25*10-4

10

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,14*10-4

11

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,37*10-4

12

64QAM

1/2

1/4

6,28*10-4
49

13

64QAM

1/2

1/4

6,35*10-4

14

64QAM

1/2

1/4

4,78*10-4

15

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,41*10-4

16

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,23*10-4

17

64QAM

1/2

1/4

4,89*10-4

18

64QAM

1/2

1/4

4,65*10-4

19

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,49*10-4

20

64QAM

1/2

1/4

5,45*10-4

Kt qu o kim tra cht lng thu tn hiu DVB-T2 gia ba b thng s:

16QAM, 3/4, 1/8 & 16QAM, 5/6, 1/4 & 64QAM, 1/2, 1/8
Ngy o: 24/07/2012 n 29/07/20012
iu kin o:
- Cng iu kin mi trng
- Mc C/N = 14,6 dB 0,3
- Mc tn hiu = -75 dBm
Ln o

Phng thc
iu ch

M sa sai

Khong bo v

BER

16QAM

3/4

1/8

6,42*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/8

5,47*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/8

4,87*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/8

5,74*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/8

5,74*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/8

8,51*10-6

16QAM

3/4

1/8

5,88*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/8

8,21*10-6

16QAM

3/4

1/8

9,06*10-6

10

16QAM

3/4

1/8

4,57*10-5
50

11

16QAM

3/4

1/8

5*10-5

12

16QAM

3/4

1/8

5,25*10-5

13

16QAM

3/4

1/8

3,58*10-5

14

16QAM

3/4

1/8

5,17*10-5

15

16QAM

3/4

1/8

5,53*10-5

16

16QAM

3/4

1/8

8,47*10-5

17

16QAM

3/4

1/8

1,55*10-5

18

16QAM

3/4

1/8

7,18*10-6

19

16QAM

3/4

1/8

4,08*10-5

20

16QAM

3/4

1/8

3,6*10-5

16QAM

5/6

1/4

4,58*10-4

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,34*10-4

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,12*10-4

16QAM

5/6

1/4

2,72*10-4

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,12*10-4

16QAM

5/6

1/4

2,78*10-4

16QAM

5/6

1/4

2,65*10-4

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,14*10-4

16QAM

5/6

1/4

2,85*10-4

10

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,23*10-4

11

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,38*10-4

12

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,29*10-4

13

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,06*10-4

14

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,19*10-4

15

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,15*10-4

16

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,62*10-4
51

17

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,21*10-4

18

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,48*10-4

19

16QAM

5/6

1/4

2,79*10-4

20

16QAM

5/6

1/4

3,54*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

8,68*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

9,56*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

7,83*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

6,58*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

6,77*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

7,95*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

8,96*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

8,76*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/8

7,69*10-4

10

64QAM

1/2

1/8

4,52*10-4

11

64QAM

1/2

1/8

5,94*10-4

12

64QAM

1/2

1/8

5,64*10-4

13

64QAM

1/2

1/8

6,77*10-4

14

64QAM

1/2

1/8

8,56*10-4

15

64QAM

1/2

1/8

8,68*10-4

16

64QAM

1/2

1/8

8,46*10-4

17

64QAM

1/2

1/8

8,71*10-4

18

64QAM

1/2

1/8

7,59*10-4

19

64QAM

1/2

1/8

8,76*10-4

20

64QAM

1/2

1/8

7,71*10-4

Kt qu o kim tra cht lng thu tn hiu DVB-T2 gia hai b thng s:
16QAM, 3/4, 1/32 & 64QAM 1/2, 1/32
52

Ngy o: 02/08/2012 n 06/08/2012

iu kin o:
- Cng iu kin mi trng
- Mc C/N = 14 dB 0,3
- Mc tn hiu = -75 dBm
Ln o

Phng thc
iu ch

M sa sai

Khong bo v

BER

16QAM

3/4

1/32

8,67*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/32

6,35*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/32

9,69*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/32

1,31*10-6

16QAM

3/4

1/32

6,95*10-5

16QAM

3/4

1/32

2,29*10-6

16QAM

3/4

1/32

2,84*10-6

16QAM

3/4

1/32

9,01*10-4

16QAM

3/4

1/32

9,4*10-4

10

16QAM

3/4

1/32

9,88*10-4

11

16QAM

3/4

1/32

7,98*10-5

12

16QAM

3/4

1/32

7,18*10-5

13

16QAM

3/4

1/32

9,13*10-5

14

16QAM

3/4

1/32

8,89*10-5

15

16QAM

3/4

1/32

9,46*10-5

16

16QAM

3/4

1/32

9,27*10-5

17

16QAM

3/4

1/32

8,57*10-5

18

16QAM

3/4

1/32

8,02*10-5

19

16QAM

3/4

1/32

9,07*10-5

53

20

16QAM

3/4

1/32

1,56*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/32

1,79*10-3

64QAM

1/2

1/32

1,8*10-3

64QAM

1/2

1/32

2,89*10-3

64QAM

1/2

1/32

3,53*10-3

64QAM

1/2

1/32

8,59*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/32

1,58*10-3

64QAM

1/2

1/32

1,71*10-3

64QAM

1/2

1/32

8,67*10-4

64QAM

1/2

1/32

4,74*10-4

10

64QAM

1/2

1/32

1,87*10-3

11

64QAM

1/2

1/32

2,74*10-3

12

64QAM

1/2

1/32

6,56*10-4

13

64QAM

1/2

1/32

2,65*10-3

14

64QAM

1/2

1/32

2,9*10-3

15

64QAM

1/2

1/32

1,84*10-3

16

64QAM

1/2

1/32

1,81*10-3

17

64QAM

1/2

1/32

2,81*10-3

18

64QAM

1/2

1/32

2,88*10-3

19

64QAM

1/2

1/32

2,78*10-3

20

64QAM

1/2

1/32

2,85*10-3

* Nhn xt qua kt qu th nghim:

-

Ch 16-QAM, mc C/N ti thiu tng i thp, kh nng thu v gii m d

dng vi cc ch pht. Cng trng hay mc C ca thit b thu yu cu
ti thiu xp x 48dBV/m ( knh pht 28) v 52,5dBV/m ( knh pht 51).
Tuy nhin ch ny ch p ng c tc u vo thp (dung lng thp)
Ch 64-QAM, kt qu o c ph hp vi l thuyt, cc ti liu tham
kho. ch ny i hi tn hiu u vo my thu n nh khi s dng t l
54

m sa sai thp. T s C/N ti thiu xp x l 18dB@ MER 20dB cho cht

lng hnh nh tt v n nh.
Ch 256-QAM cho C/N yu cu ln. Vi ch pht c t l m sa sai nh
th mc C/N yu cu c th ln ti 25-26dB @ MER 22dB. Cht lng thu
khng n nh mc tn hiu u vo ti thiu 52,5dBV/m.
Vi cng mt dung lng bit truyn dn nh nhau, t l li bit trong h thng
DVB-T2 c s khc nhau.

Th nghim chm sao xoay

Cha xoay Chm sao

Th nghim vi : ch FFT 32K. (iu chnh trn mc ngng 6dB)

iu ch

FEC

GI

C/N

MER

(dB)

(dB)

FFT

Ghi ch

64-QAM

1/2

1/32

32k

25

26,8

64-QAM

3/5

1/32

32k

25

26,7

64-QAM

2/3

1/32

32k

27

27,6

55

64-QAM

3/4

1/32

32k

27

27,3

64-QAM

4/5

1/32

32k

27

26,7

64-QAM

5/6

1/32

32k

27

26,1

256-QAM

1/2

1/128

32k

29

26,7

256-QAM

3/5

1/128

32k

29

28,2

256-QAM

2/3

1/128

32k

29

28,9

256-QAM

3/4

1/128

32k

29

29,5

256-QAM

4/5

1/128

32k

29

29,8

256-QAM

5/6

1/128

32k

29

29,5

Mc cng trng 52,5dBV/m. C/N yu cu c th ln ti 25-27dB @ MER

26dB
Xoay chm sao

iu ch

FEC

GI

FFT

C/N (dB)

MER (dB)

64-QAM

1/2

1/32

32k

18,2

23,8

64-QAM

3/5

1/32

32k

18,3

23,7

Ghi ch

56

64-QAM

2/3

1/32

32k

19,8

23,6

64-QAM

3/4

1/32

32k

20,6

24,3

64-QAM

4/5

1/32

32k

20,9

25,2

64-QAM

5/6

1/32

32k

21,9

26,1

256-QAM

1/2

1/128

32k

23,2

26,0

256-QAM

3/5

1/128

32k

24,5

25,9

256-QAM

2/3

1/128

32k

25,6

26,5

256-QAM

3/4

1/128

32k

28,5

28,5

256-QAM

4/5

1/128

32k

29,9

28,8

256-QAM

5/6

1/128

32k

30,2

29,5

Tin hnh th nghim :

Ch pht ng vi tc u vo ASI: 24Mb/s v 38,9Mbit/s
-

t ch thit b pht theo cc ch th nghim, khng quay chm sao

iu chnh suy hao u vo mc thu c gn gi tr ngng. Ghi cc kt qu
thu o c vi cht lng thu gii m c hnh nh

Tin hnh ci t ch iu ch v quay th chm sao

-

iu chnh suy hao u vo mc thu c gn gi tr ngng. Ghi cc kt qu

thu o c vi cht lng thu gii m c hnh nh

Nhn xt: Cc gi tr ngng C/N thay i rt t so vi kt qu o gi tr C/N ngng.

Tuy nhin gi tr cng trng ti thiu v gi tr v gi tr MER c ci thin. Khi
ch chm sao xoay, kh nng n nh tn hiu ti thit b thu cao hn so vi cha
xoay. Gi tr chnh lch khong t 3,5 n 4,5 dB so vi gi tr ngng. Vi ch 256
QAM khi C/N mc ngng (khong 21 n 23dB), ngay k c khi tng t l m ln
cao th mc gi tr thu u vo cng khng c ci thin nhiu. Gi tr MER c ci
thin khi tp nhiu nn tng cao.
Chm sao xoay ch 256 QAM

57

Can nhiu cng knh gia DVB-T2 & DVB-T:

My pht DVB-T t ti Ging V v my pht DVB-T2 t ti Ngc Khnh
pht cng knh 28, pht cng cng sut 200W, cc thng s pht (FEC, GI, QAM) l
ging nhau.
+ o DVB-T, mc C/N = 24,8 dBm
+ o DVT-T2 , mc C/N = 32,8 dBm.
Chnh ban u l 8dB (cng mc N)
S ghp ni:

58

Hnh 3. 6: S khi th nghim thu, pht DVB-T2 qua h thng anten khi c can
nhiu cng knh
Ti pha thu s thu v o mc C/N, BER, MER v nh gi cht lng hnh nh.
Kt qu th nghim:
C/N (dB) sau gii m LDPC
iu ch

FEC

Hiu sut s dng ph

C/N

16-QAM

1/2

1.8

10.5

16-QAM

3/5

2.19

11.9

16-QAM

2/3

2.86

12.4

16-QAM

3/4

2.93

12.4

16-QAM

4/5

3.08

13.6

16-QAM

5/6

3.22

14.4

64-QAM

1/2

2.78

19.7

64-QAM

3/5

3.48

18.52
59

64-QAM

2/3

3.9

19.8

64-QAM

3/4

4.3

18.8

64-QAM

4/5

4.18

19.2

64-QAM

5/6

4.69

19.9

256-QAM

1/2

3.87

23.6

256-QAM

3/5

4.7

25.9

256-QAM

2/3

5.22

26.9

256-QAM

3/4

5.67

27.6

256-QAM

4/5

6.44

28,8

256-QAM

5/6

6.39

29.1

* nh gi kt qu th nghim:
iu chnh mc can nhiu ca my pht cng knh m bo lun thu c
hnh nh.
-

Ch 64-QAM, kt qu o C/N tt, hiu sut s dng ph cao cho cht lng
hnh nh tt v n nh.
Ch 256-QAM i hi phi tng cng sut pht DVB-T2 t C/N cao.

60

Ch SFN

Hnh 3. 7: S khi th nghim thu, pht DVB-T2 ch SFN

u im ni bt ca DVB-T2 l cho php pht sng trn mng n tn SFN.
SFN c thit k pht sng cng mt chng trnh trn cng mt tn s, tng hiu
qu, tit kim bng thng. Mt trong nhng yu cu ca SFN, l cc my pht trong
mng phi pht cc chng trnh c ni dung ging nhau, vi cng mt thi im, trn
cng mt tn s.
Kt qu th nghim SFN: vi M.PLP
My pht DVB-T2 pht knh 28.
Thng s pht: 64-QAM, FEC= 2/3 , GI=1/16, 16K, PP4, L1 modulation =
QPSK.
Cc chng trnh a vo gm: 1 chng trnh HD, 4 chng trnh VTV: 1, 2, 3, 4.
S

C/N

FFT

CTrnh

Tc
(Mbit/s)

HD

12

32K

256-QAM

3/4

1/16

PP4

23,4

SD

2+2+2+2

16K

64-QAM

3/5

1/16

PP4

16,6

iu ch

FEC

GI

Pilot
(dB)

61

Tng
cng

20

Kt qu o c ti u cui, sau gii iu ch:

t ch ASI u ra tc 24 n 27Mbit/s
+ C/N = 23,4 dB vi 256 QAM v 16,6 dB (64QAM). Cht lng thu tt bng ICan v thit b thu o Promax HD+
+ Chanel data rate = 27,5 (Mbit/s)
Cht lng hnh nh, m thanh tt, r nt.
* Th nghim ch MFN v SFN:
Thng s
Bng thng
Ch FFT
Mode carrier

MFN
8 MHz
32k
Extended

SFN
8 MHz
32k
Extended

PP
GI
iu ch
T l m

PP7
1/128
256 QAM
2/3

PP4
1/8 (448s)
16 QAM
2/3

C/N
18.9 dB
10.7 dB
Tc
40 Mbit/s
18.6 Mbit/s
Th nghim 2 ch chnh PLP 0 c ch diu ch 256QAM hoc 64 QAM
PLP1 : cho ch thu di ng, ch 16QAM cho thu bng thit b cm tay.

Ch M-PLP:
Cu hnh T2 Gateway vi Multi PLP:
PLP 0:

62

ID: 0; 256 - QAM, FEC = 2/3; Constellation: Rotated; FEC: Normal

63

Bit rate: 10.7 Mbit/s

PLP 1:

64

ID: 1; 64-QAM; FEC= 5/6; Constellation: Rotated; FEC: Normal

Bit rate: 22.3 Mbit/s

S dng Referee T2 kim tra:
65

Thit b nhn ra c 2 PLP v PLP ang c la chn l PLP:1 (PLP Filter). Vi PLP
0:

66

i vi PLP 1:

nh gi kt qu:

67

Vi ch 64-QAM, FEC: 2/3 , GI: 1/16, FFT : 16K, PP3, PP4, L1 Modulation:
BPSK, chm sao xoay, my thu nhn cht lng tn hiu n nh v t b nh hng bi
can nhiu.
Th nghim pht DVB-T2 vi cng sut thp
- a im pht: Phng o Lng Th nghim. 84/3 Ngc Khnh
- My pht DVB-T2, Knh 28, cng sut ti a 500W, Anten pht 4 panel, cao
15m
- a im o: i THVN 43 Nguyn Ch Thanh.
- Thit b o:
* My o trng Promax HD hng Promax.
* My o TV Analyzer ETL hng Rohde&Schwarz.
* Xe + Anten o trng chuyn dng - hng Rohde&Schwarz.
* Cc b Set-top-box thu DVB-T2.
* Tivi LCD Samsung
o BER ng vi t s C/N khi thay i cng sut my pht:
Kt qu o c th hin di dng so snh thng s BER v MER (T l li iu
ch) u ra ca b iu ch COFDM vi u ra ca my pht;
Cng sut pht s 100 W.
Gi tr C/N = (21,5 23) dB
- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM, FFT: 16K, Khong bo v 1/4:
iu ch

FEC

My pht

1/2

MER
28,66

BER
3,7x10-5

MER
23,83

BER
2,7x10-3

2/3

28,69

2,37x10-5

23,8

1,75x10-3

3/4

28,6

9,51x10-5

23,6

1,91x10-3

5/6

27,9

4,1x10-5

23,05

3,2x10-3

- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM,FFT: 16K, Khong bo v 1/8:

iu ch
FEC
1/2

MER
29,1

BER
2,11x10-5

My pht
MER
23,82

BER
2,6x10-3
68

2/3

29,05

2,4x10-5

23,76

2,14x10-3

3/4

29,17

1,25x10-5

23,9

1,4x10-3

5/6

28,9

1,7x10-5

23,89

1,32x10-3

- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM, FFT: 16K, Khong bo v 1/16:

iu ch

My pht

FEC
1/2

MER
29,29

BER
1,22x10-5

MER
23,86

BER
1,7x10-3

2/3

29,28

9,1x10-6

23,79

1,6x10-3

3/4

29,22

1,2x10-5

24,09

1,03x10-3

5/6

29,33

7,8x10-6

23,75

1,29x10-3

- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM,FFT: 16K, Khong bo v 1/32:

iu ch

My pht

FEC

MER

BER

MER

BER

1/2

28,91

1,6x10-5

23,08

6,89x10-3

2/3

29,2

1,09x10-5

23,06

5,3x10-3

3/4

28,95

8,9x10-6

23,07

4,76x10-3

5/6

28,94

9,1x10-6

23,05

4,3x10-3

Cng sut pht s 20 W.

Gi tr C/N = (17,5 21,6) dB
- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM,FFT: 16K, Khong bo v 1/4:
iu ch

My pht

FEC
1/2

MER
28,85

BER
2,49x10-5

MER
22,21

BER
1,67x10-2

2/3

28,6

2,0x10-5

22,22

1,6x10-2

3/4

26,5

3,9x10-5

22,0

1,6x10-2

5/6

28,8

1,5x10-5

22,11

1,4x10-2

- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM,FFT: 16K, Khong bo v 1/8:

iu ch

My pht

FEC

MER

BER

MER

BER

1/2

27,4

4,9x10-5

22,49

1,67x10-2

2/3

29,14

1,8x10-5

21,77

1,6x10-2
69

3/4

29,36

7,3x10-6

22,55

1,16x10-2

5/6

29,5

4,5x10-6

22,33

1,2x10-2

- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM, FFT: 16K, Khong bo v 1/16:

iu ch

My pht

FEC
1/2

MER
29,15

BER
9,4x10-6

MER
23,6

BER
2,7x10-3

2/3

29,11

7,3x10-6

23,79

2,24x10-3

3/4

29,22

6,3x10-6

23,78

2,06x10-3

5/6

29,12

4,8x10-6

23,3

3,74x10-3

- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM, FFT: 16K, Khong bo v 1/32:

iu ch

My pht

FEC
1/2

MER
29,16

BER
9,6x10-6

MER
22,33

BER
1,67x10-2

2/3

29,07

8,3x10-6

22,15

1,67x10-2

3/4

29,13

6,3x10-6

22,07

1,67x10-2

5/6

29,3

5,59x10-6

22,07

1,52x10-2

Ch 32K, thay i GI

Ch

Thu ngoi
tri MFN

Thu SFN
ngoi tri
vng ph sng
ti a

Thu SFN
ngoi tri,
vng ph va
phi

Thu ngoi tri

i vi cc
vng SFN ln

Bng thng

Ch FFT

32K

32K

32K

32K

Ch sng
mang

Extended

Extended

Extended

Extended

PP

PP7

PP4

PP4

PP2

GI

1/128

1/8

1/16

1/8

iu ch

64-QAM

16-QAM

64-QAM

64-QAM

T l m

2/3

2/3

2/3

2/3

C/N (dB)

18.9

10,6

19,6

20,1

Tc (Mb/s)

28,9

17,2

36,5

35,0
70

Nhn xt:
+ Kt qu th nghim thc t cho thy nh hng ca mo phi tuyn ph thuc
rt nhiu vo cht lng ca b khuch i. Khi tn hiu t iu ch ra cho t s li bit
BER v MER l tt, th khi qua b khuch i hai ch s ny s b thay i gim i mt
cch ng k. V vi b khuch i lm vic vi cng sut cng cao, th i hi tuyn
tnh ca b khuch i phi tt m bo s suy gim BER, MER cng t cng tt.
+ Ch 64-QAM, T l m: 2/3, GI= 1/16 cho cht lng tn hiu n nh.
Ch 16K, thay i GI

Ch

Thu
SFN
thu SFN ngoi
Thu ngoi tri
Thu ngoi
ngoi
tri,
tri vng ph
i vi cc
tri MFN
vng ph va
sng ti a
vng SFN ln
phi

Bng thng

Ch FFT

16K

16K

16K

16K

Ch sng mang

Extended

Extended

Extended

Extended

PP

PP7

PP4

PP4

PP2

GI

1/12

1/8

1/16

1/8

iu ch

64-QAM

16-QAM

64-QAM

64-QAM

T l m

2/3

2/3

2/3

2/3

C/N (dB)

17.0

12,6

21,4

22,3

Tc (Mb/s)

40,2

18,5

37,4

36,4

Nhn xt:
+ Ch 64-QAM, T l m: 2/3, GI= 1/16 cho cht lng tn hiu n nh.
Th nghim thu di ng, thay i GI:

Ch

SFN
Thu ngoi thu
ngoi
tri
tri
vng
ph
MFN
sng ti a

Thu
SFN
ngoi
tri,
vng ph va
phi

Thu
ngoi
tri i vi
cc vng SFN
ln

71

Bng thng

Ch FFT

16K

16K

16K

16K

Ch sng mang

Extended

Extended

Extended

Extended

PP

PP3

PP3

PP3

PP3

GI

1/8

1/16

1/16

iu ch

64-QAM

64-QAM

64-QAM

64-QAM

T l m

2/3

2/3

1/2

2/3

C/N (dB)

16.8

17,0

17,1

17,1

Tc (Mb/s)

26,1

26,8

23,5

23,2

* Ch 16K, thay i t l m
Thu
tri

Ch

MFN

SFN
ngoi thu SFN ngoi Thu
Thu ngoi tri
ngoi
tri,
tri vng ph
i vi cc
vng ph sng
sng ti a
vng SFN ln
va phi

Bng thng

Ch FFT

16K

16K

16K

16K

Extended

Extended

Extended

Ch
mang

sng Extended

PP

PP2

PP2

PP2

PP2

GI

1/16

1/16

1/16

1/16

iu ch

64-QAM

16-QAM

64-QAM

64-QAM

T l m

1/2

2/3

3/4

3/5

C/N (dB)

18.2

18,1

18,4

18,3

Tc (Mb/s)

40,2

39,4

40,4

40,0

Nhn xt:
+ Ch 64-QAM, T l m: 2/3, GI= 1/16 cho cht lng tn hiu n nh.
GI = 1/16, thay i FEC
72

Thng s

64-QAM

256-QAM

Bng thng (MHz)

Kch thc FFT

16K

16K

Ch sng mang

N/A

extended

PP

PP4

PP7

Khong bo v - GI (s)

1/16

1/16

FEC

2/3

2/3

MER

23,2

25,7

C/N

19.1 dB

14.9 dB

Thng s

64-QAM

256-QAM

Bng thng (MHz)

Kch thc FFT

16K

16K

Ch sng mang

N/A

extended

PP

PP4

PP7

Khong bo v - GI (s)

1/16

1/16

FEC

3/4

3/4

MER

22,9

24,1

C/N

18.3 dB

15.6 dB

Thng s

64-QAM

256-QAM

Bng thng (MHz)

Kch thc FFT

16K

16K

Ch sng mang

N/A

extended

PP

PP4

PP7

Khong bo v - GI (s)

1/32

1/32

GI = 1/32, thay i FEC

73

FEC

2/3

2/3

MER

25,4

27,6

C/N

21.5 dB

20.4 dB

Thng s

64-QAM

256-QAM

Bng thng (MHz)

Kch thc FFT

16K

16K

Ch sng mang

N/A

extended

PP

PP4

PP7

Khong bo v - GI (s)

1/32

1/32

FEC

3/4

3/4

MER

22,9

24,1

C/N

18.3 dB

15.6 dB

* nh gi kt qu :
- Ch 64-QAM, cho kt qu o C/N, BER ph hp vi l thuyt, cht lng
hnh nh tt v n nh.
- Vi ch 256-QAM cho C/N thp, MER cao v hnh nh khng n nh, hay
b dng hnh
Nhn xt :
- Khi chuyn sang pht DVB-T2, vi ch iu ch 256-QAM i hi my pht
t tuyn tnh rt cao
- Vi ch 64-QAM my pht hot ng bnh thng
Kt lun chng III
T kt qu o kim tra cht lng thu tn hiu DVB-T2 mt s b thng s c
cng dung lng bit ta thy:
- Vi cng dung lng t 14,93 Mbps v C/N = 14 dB 0,3
Tp tham s 16QAM, FEC= 3/4, GI= 1/4 cho BER 1 . 10-5
Tp tham s 64QAM, FEC=1/2, GI=1/4 cho BER 5 . 10-4
Tp tham s 64QAM,FEC=2/3, GI=1/16 cho BER 5,8 . 10-4
74

- Vi cng dung lng t 16,59 Mbps v C/N = 14 dB 0,3

Tp tham s 16QAM, 3/4, 1/8 cho BER 6 . 10-6
Tp tham s 16QAM, 5/6, 1/4 cho BER 3 . 10-4
Tp tham s 64QAM, 1/2, 1/8 cho BER 8 . 10-4
Tp tham s 64QAM, 2/3, 1/16 cho BER 8 . 10-4
- Vi cng dung lng 18,10 Mbps v C/N = 14 dB 0,3
Tp tham s 16QAM, 3/4, 1/32 cho BER 9 . 10-5
Tp tham s 64QAM, 1/2, 1/32 cho BER 1 . 10-3
Tp tham s 64QAM, 2/3, 1/16 cho BER 1 . 10-3
- Vi cng dung lng 24,88 Mbps v C/N = 20 dB 0,3
Tp tham s 64QAM, 3/4, 1/8 cho BER 2 . 10-5
Tp tham s 64QAM, 5/6, 1/4 cho BER 3 . 10-4
Tp tham s 64QAM, 2/3, 1/16 cho BER 3 . 10-4
Tp tham s 64QAM, 3/4, 19/256 cho BER 3,8. 10-4
Nhn xt: Vi tc bit xc nh nh tnh ton u chng, nhm ti xut
s dng tp tham s pht DVB-T2 nh sau:
- Ch iu ch: 64-QAM.
- M sa sai FEC: 2/3 hoc 3/4 ph thuc vo khu vc ph sng (nu vng
th c nhiu vt che chn th dng m bo v cao...)
- Khong bo v : 1/16 hoc 19/256 ph thuc vo a hnh ph sng
- Kch tc FFT : 16K
- Pilot Parten: vi ch PP3 ( C th chn PP4, PP7 vi GI l 1/32) (data rate
t 24 n 32Mbit/s)
- L1 Modulation: BPSK
- Data Symbol / Frame: L data = 130
- Chm sao: xoay

75

KT LUN:
Tiu chun truyn hnh s mt t th h th 2 (DVB-T2) c cng b thng 22009 (sau DVB-S2 v DVB-C2 cho truyn hnh s trn v tinh v truyn hnh cp).
DVB-T2 s dng nhiu gii php k thut mi nh: ng vt l, bng tn ph, cc mode
sng mang m rng, MISO da trn Alamouti, symbol khi u (P1,P2), mu hnh tn
hiu Pilot, chm sao xoay, mc ch l lm tng tin cy ca knh truyn v tng
dung lng bit.
Hai ti liu v chun DVB-T2 (ETSI EN302755, v DVB Bluebook A133)
cung cp chi tit v cc vn k thut. Tuy nhin, nhng vn rng hn ngoi k
thut cn xem xt khi trin khai DVB-T2 vn cha c cp trong hai ti liu ny.
l cc vn mu cht v phng n phng n ph sng, cc vn lin quan n
trin khai cc dch v khi pht sng chun DVB-T2.
Chun ny cung cp kh nng linh hot trong cp pht ghp knh (multiplex), ci
t cc thng s m ha (coding), iu ch v cc thng s RF. S linh hot ny cho
php knh truyn h tr tc bit t vi Mbps n 50 Mbps ph thuc vo la chn
mc khng nhiu hay '' mnh'' ca tn hiu. Tuy nhin, s linh hot phi tr gi
bng s gia tng ca mc phc tp, c th l vic ci t kt hp cc thng s ca h
thng tng ln theo hm m nu so vi cc h thng s dng cc chun truyn dn phin
bn trc.
Thu c nh, thng c hiu l thu bng anten nh hng gn trn nc nh,
vng ph sng trong giai on u l cc vng th. pha thu, h tng hin c cho
thu sng c nh c xem l khng i. Cc h thng thu TV trong nh hoc thu RF
th vic la chn mode DVB-T2, cc yu cu C/N v vng ph sng l rt cn c ch
trng. Nhiu cu hnh h thng mng pht sng khc nhau c th c s dng. Theo
, yu cu ti thiu v C/N l khong 17 dB, v gi tr ny c s dng cho mc tiu
tham chiu. Cc mode kho st, tnh ton v la chn cc thng s pht sng cn da
trn yu cu v C/N ti thiu t 17 n 23 dB.
Xt v yu cu truyn dn v pht sng cc chng trnh ca i THVN trong
thi gian ti t nay n nm 2015, 01 knh RF pht sng theo chun DVB-T2 hon ton
c th p ng nhu cu dung lng k c ghp chung vi chng trnh truyn hnh HD
v SDTV ca VTV v chng trnh PT-TH a phng.
Cn c vo nhu cu cc chng trnh cn pht, cng nh p ng c mc tiu
ca quy hoch. Qua qu trnh nghin cu v th nghim, ti xut b thng s pht
sng vi cc ch chung v ch dc th cho vng c a hnh phc tp :
-

Vic truyn a dch v HD v SD trn mt knh RF: Ch M.PLP

76

Ch iu ch: 64-QAM, ch iu ch ny s p ng c vic truyn ti

nhiu chng trnh c tc bit cao.
M sa sai FEC: 2/3 hoc 3/4 ph thuc vo khu vc ph sng (nu vng
th c nhiu vt che chn th s dng t l m sa sai cao)
Khong bo v : 1/16 hoc 19/256 ph thuc vo a hnh ph sng
Kch tc FFT : 16K
Pilot Parten: vi ch PP3 ( C th chn PP4,PP7 vi GI l 1/32) (data rate t
24 n 32Mbit/s)
L1 Modulation: BPSK
Data Symbol / Frame: L data = 130
Chm sao: xoay

Thit b thu cn c mc p ng ti thiu vi kh nng gii m mc C/N vi

ch thu tng ng. ch 64 QAM, mc C/N ti thiu l 18dB. nhy u vo
ca thit b thu: 30dBV@ 75. ch 16 QAM, mc C/N ti thiu l 12dB, nhy
u vo ca thit b thu: 22 dBV@ 75. Ngoi cc thng s chnh v cao tn, thit b
thu cn c kh nng gii m cht lng hnh nh theo cc qui chun hin hnh.
Thu pht sng truyn hnh s mt t cng nh cc h thng truyn hnh khc,
i hi phi c c s nh gi cht lng, do vy vn t ra l phi xy dng
phng php o c nh gi cht lng cho h thng DVB-T2 cng nh nh gi cht
lng h thng. o c nh gi h thng truyn hnh s ni chung l nhm kim tra
xem c thu c chng trnh hay khng, tin cy v kh nng kt ni ca h thng,
t l li c kh nng xy ra v cht lng dch v cung cp n khch hng l rt cn
thit.
Xy dng phng php o, nh gi cht lng h thng truyn hnh c phn
gii tiu chun v phn gii cao s dng cng ngh s (Digital SD/HDTV): Cc thng
s o my pht, my thu v mng truyn dn; Cc thng s v tn s, tp nhiu pha, ph
tn hiu, c tnh suy gim vai, BER, C/N, phn tch I/Q... cng cn c sm xy dng
v hon thin.
Do ti c thc hin v th nghim trong thi gian ngn, nhiu hn ch v
thit b th nghim cng nh cc thit b o kim tra cc thng s v trnh cng cn
nhiu hn ch, bo co khoa hc ca ti chc khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, nhm
nghin cu thc hin ti rt mong c s thng cm v gp xy dng ca cc thy
c ti c hon thin hn.

77

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit
1. Ng Thi Tr. Truyn hnh s. Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia H Ni 2004.
2. TS. Phm c Bi, KS. Anh T, KS. L Trng Bng. Bi vit Thit lp mng
n tn DVB-T. Khoa Hc K Thut Truyn Hnh - S 4/ 2004.
3. Quyt nh 2451/Q-TTg ngy 27 thng 12 nm 2011 ca Th tng Chnh ph
ph duyt n s ha truyn dn, pht sng truyn hnh mt t n nm
2020.
4. Kt qu o kim thc t ti i truyn hnh Vit Nam VTV khi tham gia nhm
o th nghim trong qu trnh thc hin lun vn.
5. Tng hp t bi vit trn cc tp ch truyn hnh v bi vit trn mng.
Ting Anh
1. ETSI EN 302 755: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Frame structure channel
coding and modulation for a second generation digital terrestrial television
broadcasting system (DVB-T2)"
2. DVB-T2 Trial Malaysia, ABU digiatal broadcasting symposium kuala lumpur
2011.
3. Digital Television Technology and Standards - IncJohn Arnold, Michael Frater,
Mark Pickering, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
4. Digital Television Systems - Marcelo S. Alencar, Cambridge University Press
2009
5. ETSI EN 301 192: "Digital Video Broadcasting, DVB specification for data
broadcasting".

78