7 bai luyén thanh co ban dé cé giong hat hay| Luy@n thanh -wwwhallinhquehuong.net Print Version: BAL KHAI NIEM VE CA HAT DAN BAL —— . h Il Se-cin thiét cia vige luyén tap thank nhac I. Phin Thue Tip Cie Cau Hét On Tip I. NHAN XET CHUNG 1. Ca hat 1 b§ mon st pi hop giita ngén ngit va am nhgc, goi la thanh nhge, nd hac v6i khi nhac la loai dm nhc viet riéng cho nhge cy dign tau, Ai trong ching ta cling da ting hit, hog it nit cting da timg nghe newii khéc hit. Mt ngudi hat goi li dom ea, hai ba neu hit -goi ki song ca, tam ca ... nhigu ngudi eiing het mt li ea, mOt giai digu la déng ca. Com néu hat, ‘theo nhiéu bé, nhiéu giai digu khée nhau goi la hgp ca (Hop xuéng). 2. Chic tigng hat da 06 rat sim cing v6i tiéng ndi cla con nguési phat xudt tir t6n gido, lao dng va gidi tri. Nhung ngudn géc sau xa nit cla tigng hat 1 do nhu cau mudn dign dat tinh ¥ ‘cua minh mt cich ¢6 higu qua hon trén tam hon ngudi nghe : con ngudi lic dau chi yéu ding. nng6n nett dé thong dat cho nhau nhiing ¥ ng, tinh cém cia minh, Dan da con ngui tim ech Aida Cpt Gn mgt clch Khéo Igo am, inh hon, 6 mg tht Mom gua fe bl vi, bl ‘tho. Va yéu t6 am nhac, tim dn trong cu néi, trong cau tho, dé cing ngay cdng rd rét hon trong cic kiéu néi dién cém, cic bii doc trang trong (ah doc dign vin), cic cau rao hing, ciu ngim tho. N6 xudt hign r6 nét trong cdc cau hi nhit la trong cée bai hit nim tng site dign cm ti da ‘cho Ki n6i. Thanh nhge 43 ra di dya trén ngon ngit cia timg dan tc, va nd cdng ngay cing day nang cao cing ‘60 mon nghé thust khéc nhu vin tho, hi hoa, sin khéu, va ng .. ‘Do d6 moi dan tc it nhiéu déu c6 nbitng kinh nghigm thanh nhge riéng minh. Van dé hign nay ‘ita ngvdi hoe thank nhac li lam sao hoe duge kinh nghiém hay eta cée dn te kde ma khong ‘b6 mat kinh nghiém quy béu ciia cha Ong dé lai. 3. Tigng hat, chinh la tigng noi duge khuyéch dgi, duge théi phdng len vé mat hinh thire ‘hanh digu cia ngdn ng) cing nhur vé mat npi dung (Y nghia ela ngon net) ‘nham dénh dng ‘tam hon ngudi nghe. Mun dinh dong tim hdn ké khiée, th tiéng hat trude het phai xudt phat tir tim hon ngudi sing tée, ngudi dién thn, va nhur vay ta méi thy “Tiéng hit thue su Ta tiéng néi ‘cia tm hon”, nw ngu6i ta thudmg n6i, Mudn dat dén cai hay, edi dep trong ce hit, bat cit ign tiu nao, ngudi ca si nio, ngyéi ca vign nio cing phai tim cho ra cai hn cia bai hat, Oi ‘ruyén dat n6 dén tai ngudi nghe bang mot giong hat digu luyén nba. 1 DIEM KHAC ET GIU'A GIONG HAT VA NHAC KHi 1. Giong hat cia con nguisi duge coi niu mot “Nhgc khi séng” quy bau, khong nhac kh no sing bing, vi ngodi nhing am thanh cao thip, dai ngin, manh nhe, trong duc, giong ngudi cb -€6 kha ning phit ra loi, ra tiéng : Chin nho ngén ngit ma tiéng hit o6 site biéu hign Ion lao, 06 -khi ning dién dat tinh ¥ céch hit bigu, 6 tinh gido duc cao vé nhiéu phuong dign, Ng6n ngit | WindLoad PagetLuy@n thanh -wwwhailinhquehuong.net ‘iim cho &m nhac duge eu thé, 19 ring, dé hiéu, nén dé di siu vao moi ting lop xf hOi. Thanh nhge nh 46 ma tes thanh b6 mén nghé thugt o6 tinh dai ching eao nhit, Ngodi m gigng hit con ngusi cin cé thn Ipi la bat ky hie no va noi nao cing o6 thé ding én duge : Ai eting o6 “Nhge khi sng” vi hiu nur ai cing hon kém sir dung n6 mot eich dé ding : Bon ca, tép ea, dng ca hay hgp ca, 2, Tuy co nhiing diéu thudn Igi ti vugt nur thé nhung so véi cée nhac khi khdc, giong hat cing c6 nhing giéi hgn khiém tén eta né. a) Am wwe giong hit gisi hon hon rt nhidu nbge Kh: giong hit con nguii, ed nam Win it i Ii fing chi hit dig Khong 4 bit 9 (got ban bit 6 ngp ca) b) Giong hit 48 bi anh Insémg béi moi dign bign tam sinh IY cia ngudi hat (lo sg, ben tat, ‘hai tit.) ©) Ngodi nhiing quy 1udt chung vé am thanh, vé ky thuft dm nhac, vé thim mf... giong hat ‘én bj chi phdi boi quy ludt vé ngén ngit va vé phong cich dién xuéng cia timg dan tc. Do vay. pphusong php ca hét bao gid cing gom 2. mat : Mot ld hoc kj thud thanh nhac qua céc bai luyén ‘thanh : hai hge céch xir If ngén ngitriéng cho ting dan toe. IML. SY CAN THIET CUA VIRC LUYEN TAP THANH NHAC 1. Khi hit, ching ta khai thie cée tinh chit ciia am thanh mt eéch dim nét hon li Khi néi én mudn hat cho t6t, cm phii tip luyén ky hom li khi n6i binh thumg. Vay ching ta sé phi ‘tp yn gi ? 6i véi cdc ca vign trong ban hgp ca, ching ta khéng thé doi hoi ho luyén tip duge nhur céc ca si chuyén nghigp. VA dit néu c6 thi ciing khong nén dé ho hat tyr do theo 16i hat ma ho hép thy duge néu nd khéng hod ging v6i toan ban hgp ca. Bang khie e6 nhiing digm ‘rong l6i hat ca kich Tay phurong (opéra) xem ra khOng dep va khong phii hop véi tim hon ngubi Vigt Nam. ‘Trong lé thar 48 ngiyy 6 thing 3 nim 1987 tir hai ngoai git vé cho hoc tr tai qué hong, nhac su Hai Linh da can dan : “V8 phat dm cho ca dodn : Toi nghiéng vé phia téng “naturelle” (gions ae nhién) hom Ia (ois travaillée” (giong tdp Iuyeén) Linh cho ca si, theo quan nim Tay phuong. Ho quan niém “Vibrato” (rung) bat cte not ndo .. con nhac A dong, tu) hoi, tw) ché méi rung... Lich sie Hy-lap va A dong ua nghe tiéng naturelle hon travaillée. Think Ambroise tép hat cho dan ching Milan| Luy@n thanh -wwwhallinhquehuong.net ! theo naturelle. Mgr. (BGM) Hé Ngoc Can ra tude “Nguoi Nam dimg hét giong Tay”, phi tiéng hat “Ue nhién” cting la vay .. NOI thé dé anh em nghi va tham ban chicong trinh thanh nhac cho ca tring sao cho viea céin, vita lang.” “Theo tinh thin 46, ching ta s& chi hoe ning kj thuft thanh nhac ndo phit hgp 48 khdng lim ‘mit di vé dgp ty nhién ciia gigng ngwoi. Cy thé la hoc vé k¥ thugt hoi thé, vé khdu binh, vé doi am (6 ‘48 cho giong hat day din, e6 ning luc, phé difn duge nbimg clu nhac dai ‘tram khée nhau mgt cdch nhudn nhuyén, dan dan thi dic duge mot giong quan hon, ma If tudng hudng t6i 1a m6t ging hat ep ty nhién va thoai mai, khong bj ‘cic c6 tit lim gidm thiéu sire truyén cam cila gigng hat. 2. Ngoai ra, ching ta cin phai hoe xi by ngén ngit lam sao cho tiéng hit Iu6n hud £3 Io. Khi hhit ngdn ngit nio thi phai xi ly tiéug hit theo ngén ngit d6, khong c6 miu chung cho moi ago ngit, Nhat la d6i vii ngon ngtr Vigt Nam, don van da thank, céc van ding nhieu hon cde van md, ‘thi van dé 16 Ii ma van dep ting, van ngin vang, qua la nbiéu khi kho dung hoa. Vi the ngwoi sng tic cling nhu nguii ca vién can nim ving cae dic diém cia ngon ngit dan tc, cée 401 hoi ‘cia n6, cing nhurkinh nghigm cia tién niin trong qué Khir xit IY ngdn net dn te mot ech “xing hop v6i ban sée rigng ca dan tc minh, Néu khdng hoe, khong biét, thi nhigu khi ching ta dé lam lin, din dén ché vong ngogi, bat chude ngudi 1nd I, lim cho tigng hat din tGe mat di vé dep tw 1c mOt céch may méc, néu khong néi ki cia n6. @ THYC TAP ‘Sau moi bai ly thuyét, s€ e6 mot s6 diém thye hinh. Khéng thé hoc het ly thuyét roi méi hoe thyye hanb, nén c6 nhiing digm thye t§p truce ri moi gii thich 16 rang hon & nhing bai sau. 1. Tap Idy hoi 4) Khiu hinh bé md 8 tly hoi vie bing mii via bing mitng, b) Lay hoi séu vio tin day phdi bang céch ha hoanh cich mé xudng, lim cho bung va sui ing ra. -¢) Ding thivi truong Idng ngye ma vin cing bung dé hoi tiép qc vio day cd phiin trén cia hai ki phdi (xem hinh 3), 4) Nén hoi trong git lat. 4) RGi thé ra tir tir bling migng, didn ché lan hai sao cho du. 2 Tépxi a) Khdu hinh mé theo am “i dé ldy hoi nhu trén, b) Lay hoi nhanh yao sau tin day phéi (ha hoanh céch m6, bung hoi cng). ‘¢) Va truong ling ngye dé hoi tiép tye vio phan trén cia hail poi. 4) Nén hoi trong git lt. 4) Xi hoi ra tir tir nhe nhang, bing céch dt du luoi du thai ham ring khit. Diu ché Jan hoi ra that du v6i ng xxi nbe nhg tir 30 gidy a Khi thdy gin hét hoi, thi xi ing bing céch 6p bung vio dé day hoi ra cho manh. {jt man mt cai cubic 3. Tap mw luyén thank | WindLoad Pages |Luy@n thanh -wwwhailinhquehuong.net Maul: (hanna seg oot Space veseaeg ven pict a ) Mio Ngee 6 6 Maa Naa aa 2 b Mi Me ee Maa Nga aa a o Mi Mii: Me Meee @ * Yeu cu cia min 1 (lie dau tip cic dm hing a) cin hing b), ¢) 48 ting euimg néu thi aid). 1) Tép ly hoi 1 phach theo Khu hinh 6 - nén hoi. 2) Tép chit M méo n6i v6i chit 6 cho #8 ring ma mém mgi. 3) Tap khiu hinh am A, tip cubng lus khi doe am Ngo, Nga. Licu § : Khi dge chi Ngo, chit Nga chi e6 cubng hudi lam vige, tuyét Abi khong 48 cho him urd fing len ha xudng 4) Hat déu ting, 15 ting am, chua cin 4@ y dén cusng 46. Hat len dan $i xud ccung, trong am ku trung binh cia ting loai gigng dn timg nira ® CAC CAU HOI ON TAP. 1, Ca hdt phat xudt tinting hoain c&nh nido 2. Cae diém thugn Igi cia gigng ngubi so v6i cdc nhge khi khic la gi? 3. Tai sao cm hoc thanh nhac ? Va nén hoe ubting gi ? 4, Mue dich cia vige hoe xir I ngén ngit fi gi ?Luyén thanh swww.hailinhquehuong.net BALI BO MAY PHAT AM ‘Tidng hit cling ahw tiéng néi, duge tgo ra do hogt dng phi hyp rit ct ch va dang b§ cia ‘nhiéu b§ phin Kchde nhau Lim thin b9 may phit dm. Cae bd phn chinh yu cia bd may phit im gbm : 1. B6 phn cung cap lan hoi 2. BO phéin phit thanh 43.86 phin mayén ting am 4. BO phiin phit am (nha chit) 5. BS phn déi am (cng minh) 1. BQ PHAN CUNG CAP LAN HOI: Bao gim hai 14 phdi, durge sy tée ding cha cée co nguc, suvn, co hodnh cdch md, co bung. (oink 1) ‘Thanh quan Yét hulhong) Phéi trai Hoanh cach mo nang lén(thé ra) Hoinh cdch mé ha xufing(thd vao)Luyén thanh -www-hailinhquehuong.net 1. Phdi gdm nhtg t6 bao xbp, €6 46 co ai a oe can ina gidn ra dé chia day khong khi, va co lai dé day khong khi ra ngoai bing cdc phé quan. Cac phe (jadi Bu thag va Ki qui, trOng side abi niing 8 oly bm vio a8 oly Sur co gidn chi dng cia phdi ldo sy bd tr tich eye cita Ling ngye vi hodnh céch md cing ‘ede eo bung : Hodnh céch mé ha xudng, ling ngye trong ra, lim cho phéi gin ra ting thém the tich, igo khosing tring cho khdng khi 6 bén Se a a ea is We DEE ‘vao, long ngyc budng long xudng, kim cho phoi thu nho lai, dy khéng khi ra ngoai (hinh 2). Tu thé léng ngye va hoanh ech mo: a. Khi thé ra b. Khi lay hoi vao. 2. Ching ta c6 thé vi hai lé phéi nh mét cai b8, cung cp dudng khi cho co thé va thai than kkhi ra ngoai. M@i tin tha binh thuémg, ta hit vio mia tit khéng kh. Mi hit, ta th Khodng 15 ‘ain va 15 lit man durge di mi Khi lan hoi tir phdi durge day ra ngoai, néu te dng diing ciich ln thanh d6i (day tiéng), thi s& ‘phat ra dm thanh, Chit hagmg cia am thenh phat ra, mot phin Kim phy thude vio lan hoi ti phot dura Ién tée dng vio thanh déi. Can phai tp luyén hoi thé sao cho day diin, va diéu ché lin hoi sao cho nhuan nhuyén phit hgp voi nhu cau trong ca hat,Luyén thanh -www-hailinhquehuong.net 1. BO PHAN PHAT THAN (Chi m6i phat ra dm thanh chit chura phét ra tiéng, ra Wii) gdm 2 thanh 46% niim trong thanh quin (hinh 3a). Hinh 3a, 1, Thanh quan Wa mbt dng whi tidp v6i kh quin, Phin gia thanh quin thét lpi nhur © chai. (CbS thit Iai nay la do cac day co va sun chin ngang hai bén tgo nén thanh di. Thanh di li bo phan chi yéu tao ra am think : Do dp lye cia lan hoi tir phdi dura lén, thanh d6i, v6 cing khéc nhau va hin dang khic nhau, mé ra vé ding lai nhank cham khde nhau, thinh nhiing séng am c6 tin s6 khic nhau, tgo thinh nhimg am thanh c6 cao d6 khéc nhauf 1]: ‘Thanh di mong/ngin mé dong nhanh hon thanh doi dayidai(thanh G6i & phy nit va tré em ngain ‘va mong hon 6 dan éng, nén giong nit va tré em cao hom giong dan 6ng mot bit d6). Thanh di ‘méng hon khi dirge e’ng ra, hod thanh d6i khong mé déng toan phan, ma chi mé déng trén mot phin nio 46 céa minh, lim cho phin thanh 44i tham gia cit lin hoi ng di, va nur vay tao duro nnhimg am thanh cao, D9 cang.hinh dang, kich thurée cia thanh déi khong chi anh hung dén eao 6, ma c& dm sae nita. Con cing dé am thanh la do site manh cia lan hoi dua ten Nh vy dm thanh phat ra phi hop hay khdng 18 do su ph6i hop nhudin nhuyén gida im hoi vi céc co dieu khién thanh 46i. Do 46, can bao vé thanh déi cho lanh manh.Luy@n thanh -wwwhailinhquehuong.net Ca ché déng méthanh quan /\\ 7\ Hinh 3b 2 4 trang thai mé-déng khée nhau cia thanh di a Thanh déi md rong. b. Thanh d¢i mé mot phan Thank déi rang, ¢. Thanh di déng hoan ton 2. Bign phip bio vé thanh 44i t6t nhiit li hit cho ding each, nghfa la hat Lim sao dé cho moi hoat dong khdc hé trq cho thanh di déu phai phi ag aire baa ra en 1m. va quai eao. Hit qué Kin nhur go thét, 6 thé din dén chd “mat tiéng” do thanh d6i bj tén throng khong eb kha niing kim vigc Tinh hoat theo yéu edu cia nghé thugt ca hit. Hat qué cao khéng phit hgp v6i loai giong cia minh, lim cho thanh @6i cng ra qua mire, néu kéo dai va phi ‘ir ri Bt ey ling pay tn throng thas IIL. BQ PHAN TRUYEN TANG AM Gd chi yéu la cudng hong (yét hu) thong voi dicing migng hoe dicing mil. 1. Che chin dng am thanh do thanh 46i t90 ra, duge b9 pha truyén am gom Igi vi dln ra ‘ngoai theo hai hung migng ho%e mili, Cudng hong vi migng khéng nhitng truyén dm, ma cin ‘26p phn khé quan trong vao vige ding dm (d6ng vat tr nus m6t hp cng hud). 2. Cudng hong duge bao boc béri mt hé théng niém mgc, dé bj kich thich, do 46 clin phai gitt gin dé cudng hong khéng bi viém nhigm, anh huong xiu dn giong hat (tramh diing rugu, ca phé, Finis ya hie Bi Oa abe ud ig, ud Tg gy) TV. BO PHAN PHAT AM (nha chit)| Luyén thanh -www-hallinhquehuong.net ! LA migng véi cde hoat ¢ 1a mdi, ring, Idi, him dudi, vom mém (him éch mém, eta ‘mém, ngae mém,). Ching ta nhén ra duge léi ca, tiéng ht v6i y nghia cia nd, Ki nhiy vao hoat dng cia cdc co mang trén, Khi n6i dén khau hinh li ni dén hinh thé, hinh dang, cd bén ngoai ‘lan bén trong cia migng do hoat déng phdi hop cia méi, luGi, him dudi, vom mém tao ra kh pphit dm. Mo khiu hinh khing ding cach s8 inh hurimg khing chi dn chit lrgng am thank, mi “nha li dnb hung dén vige r loi, ka mt yéu cdu oo ban trong thank nba. Y. BO PHAN DOLAM Gam tit ca cic khong tréng trong thin thé, chit yéu li cic khong trong trén dau, trén mit, _goi ld. xoang cfing minh (cOng huréng). Ngoai Khoang hong va Khoang migng vita ting am vita dgi_ 4m, thi cic xoang mii, xoang vim méit, xoang trdn ‘.v... chii you 06 tinh cach di am, tue 18 Lam ‘cho am thanh duge cOng hung, am vang day dan, sic nhé cac boi am (hoa am) ma ching tgo ra, Vi thé, khi hat edn phai phéng 4m thanh ln phia trade (tiéng Phap goi la chanter ‘en avant) dé tao durgc vi tri d6i am truéc mit. Vj tri truée mat ma lin hoi phai huéng t6i khong -gidng nhau d6i voi moi ngwbi, Méi ngudi sé tim timg vi tri cho ting cao 49, nung n6i chung ‘ching ndim khodng gitta him trén va trén (ngay cd Khi n6i, néu ta biét nOi dm thanh ra phia trade, ‘thi hong ta 98 d met va tiéng n6i ta vin 13 ring ma khdng tén sie) (hin 4) | WindLoad Paged |Luyén thanh -wwwchailinhquehuong.net WindLoad Page 10Luyén thanh -www-hailinhquehuong.net ® PHAN THYC TAP 1. Tp thoi bu : _Cch chun bj ging nh tap xi: Sau khi nén hoi, thi by trén bn, 01 chim Igi va cho hoi ra gidg nur tn Chit ¥ : théi hoi ra that nhe nhang va déu din, ding ban tay, d3¢ edch migng mot gang, d& Xkiém tra xem lan hoi ra ob déu khdng, Lin hoi ra cho cdm giéc mat 6 tay. Lay hoi mt lin o6 thé “tdi byi” trén 45 gly, nbu duge céng ldu cdng tot Khi 4 quen véi thdi byi du dn, nhp nhing thi 98 tip “thdi gify”, cdm t gidy céch xa migng 20 - 30 cm va thdi vao mot goc gidy, ging diéu ché lan hai sao cho t& gidy ludn ludn gidt mot vi tried dinh nao 46, Lite du thoi nhe, cing ngay cing tép dé thoi cho t gidy ning cao goc hon. 2, Tip mi tuyén thank 2 va 3 Miu2 Mi 6 Ngo Ma a Nga a * Cée yéu clu 1,2,3: gidng nhur & méu 1 (trang 4) © Yeu cdu 4 ; Hiit chit Ng@, chit Nga lién giong hon vi vuon ting bing eich hoi ép byng & dtu chir NBO, Nea. Miu3 a) Ms Ngs Ma Nga a MMe Ma Nga * Cée yéu chu 1,2, 3: gidng nhur miu 1 * Yeu chu 4 : Hat lig tiéng cd edu + nhdn tiéng & phich thir 3 va 6 bing cach ép bung de got @ CAC CAU HOI ON TAPLuyén thanh www.hailinhquehuong.net 1, BG phat m gbm nhiing bd phn chinh nio ? BO phiin cung cép lan hoi hogt ding ra sao ? 2, BO phn phat thanh va b9 phn phat dm hoat dng nu thé nao ? 3. Tang dm vi doi am khée nhau 6 diém nao ? 4. Vai trd quan trong ella migng trong bp may phat dm nur thé ndo ? Trove [1]Xem Richard Alderson,Complete Handbook of Voice Training, Parker Publishing ‘Company, inc., New York, 1979 tr.62 WindLoad Page 12| Luygn thanh www.hallinhquehuong.net BALS HOI THO THANH NHAC DAN BAT [Tim quan trong eita hoi thé trong thank nhac. I. Qué tr fp hit thew W. Phin Thuce Tap V. Cau Hoi On Tap TAM QUAN TRONG CUA HOI THO TRONG THANH NHAC 1. Song Am phit xudt tir he thanh qudn do thanh 41 mé dong te dng tren lan hor tt phi Paar yeep epee eogeneny oper tame palin ko dai hoe ngin gon .. thanh di phai cing ra & mt mite d6 can tht twong ing v6i dp lee tia Han hoi ts phdi day len, dé tao ra mot dm thank €6 cao cuing d6 i trcdng a6 theo ¥ muén{i]. Ap lye eva lin hoi va mite edng cha thanh ¢6i peal lun lun tuong xing voi ‘nhaw thi méi eb duge am thanh chinh xe va chat lugng (vi nbut ngubi nhac eng vi cam, tay tri ‘vita bém diing vj tri trén gidy dan, vite rung tay tgo vé dep cho tigng dan, trong lic 46 phoi hyp Gi tay phai kéo vi lam rang gidy dan tgo ra s6ng am..). Nhiing ngudi ht kém, mot phan la do ‘khdng bigt diéu khién hoat déng cia hoi thé va thanh déi. 2. Ding khie, hoi thé cbn gép phan [dm ro ¥ nghia ctia edu dt :nhimg ché ngat hoi ding lic, cing nhur nhing ché nga dai vaon ting ding chd, giip lim cho Idi ca thém 15 nghia, tte la sitip cho bai hit them ¥ nghia,thém tam tinh, thém st {goa ra hai thd cd itp thd hién inking cém wie tink té trong dién téu, ching han nhw 48 bigu hign mét su xic dng dt ng6t, su ‘nage nhién, thin phyc, sy dén dap cia cao trio am nhac ... (Vi thé, khéng nén lay hoi tay tin). IL QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN CUA HOI THO THANH NHAC 6 CHAU AU 1. Chau Au fi noi nghé thugt ea hit dure phat trién 16 ring hon cfc a hie, trong 46 mre ¥ o qué Invong cia nhiing ca s ‘hur Enricé Carasé (1873-1921), Balmonté ... Ngay tit 17, trudng phéi ca Wt di ’ con goi la ite ‘phi Bel Canto ( hat thinh phong, nghia géc la:tiéng hét dep) dai dat due nhimg thanh cbr trong nghé thuét ca hét. Nhiéu giéo sw thanh nhac nlur R-Todi (1647-1927). D.Mancini te 1800) da viét sich vé cc k¥ thuat thanh nhac cho cc giong nit cao mau sic, trong 46 ho di dé cp nhigu dén van 48 hoi tho. Theo ho khi hit hoi, thi phai rit nhe nhing, khéng phinh bung inhurng hoi hop bung, King ngye trén hoi nang lén rdi ha din xudng khi diy hoi ra ngoai (day ti ‘ky thuge ly hoi bing ngye trén). Khéng lay hoi qué eting, khong dé hét ‘ln hoi rbi méi lay hoi khie 2. Tring phai mei cia nghé thut ca hat Y, xudt hign khodng hu bén thé ky 19, quan nigm ae Khi icc B9 phn Np vi ce co bp bd Mp phi hoot dng ch , Wyo nén mot cht ioe iy ‘Ngudi thy dai dign cho tng phi nay la Ong F.Lamperti (1813-1892). Ong n6i : "Nghe thugt ent 1 thugt hoi tho”. Kida thi oa trutmg phai nds 18 kidu thé bling hodnh cach mé phi hop véi lbng neue. | WindLoad Page 13| Luyén thanh -www-hallinhquehuong.net ! 3. $6 di ky thuGt hoi thé thanh nhge c6 sy tién triém nhu vay I do miu edu cdin ob nhiing dm thanh cing ngay cdng vang manh hon, hiu dap img véi sy thay d6i trong tinh chat am nhge cing nnhu trong phong ech va méi truing dign tu (tinh chat am nhgc cang ngdy cang dd s6 hon, dan nhac dgm dong hon, noi trinh téu réng hon, thé logi am nhge phong phi hon, céc vai trong ca ‘kjch cin din t nhigu hom .. tt ei di hoi ngudi ca sf phai e6 giong vang khoé han). IIL PHUONG PHAP HiT THO TRONG CA HAT 1, ‘Trong sinh hogt binh thudg, con ngudi thé mot cach ty nhién v6i sy tham gia cba Kg zngye vi hodnh each m6. Trong ca hit, ching ta cing thé nhumg véi su tham gia chit ding va tich cwc hom cha che co nang 46, Tuy nhién, trong qua trinh phat trién KY thud hai thd, ngwdi ta dae kd lpi mot o6 kid thd, tu theo nguiri ta nhdn man dn sy tham ‘gia clia nguc hay cita hoanh cach mé hoac ca nguc cd hoanh cich mé. | WindLoad Page 14 || Luyén thanh swww.hailinhquehuong.net A Thé bung; B Thé ngue; C Thé bung phéi hop véi toan bo léng ngy a, Kigu thi ngue : Chi ob phdin ngye trén hoat ding tich cue, nén hoi vao it, c6 thé ding dé hit nhimg bai hat nhe nhang, khéng c6 cao trio, cfu nhge ngin.(hinh 6B) : Chi 6 bung phinh ra do hodnh each m6 ha xudng, ede eo bung didi hoat Boe ‘tich eye h6a try cho hoanh cdch mé (hinh 6A). , Kiéu thi bung két hgp vii ngye : Hoanh céch mé hg xudng (lm bung hoi phinh ra), cde xarong sun cut giuong len, ngye dudi cing ra, trong lie neye trén trong lén. Cae hogt dng nay ké tigp nha rit nhanh theo thir tu: Hoanh cach mé (bung trén) + xuong suén cut + ngueLuyén thanh -wwwchailinhquehuong.net ‘du6i + ngye trén, Néi cho gon Igi, gdm hai dng te : phinh bung (do hodnh edch md ha xubng ‘va sui giuong lén) va truong long ngye (ngye dudi cing ra, gitt nguyén a} or va chuyén len ngye ttén). Lay hoi theo thir ty dé thi Tin hot vio su day phi, vita lan toa ra déu khap hai bén trai va phai, lugng hoi vio duge toi da (hinh 3 ; 6D). ‘Diay 1a kidu thé ph6 bién nhiit ma céc ca si nhge kjch thuimg ding. ‘Trong ba kigu thé trén, ching ta thdy kiéu ba ob niu Igi diém hon, Nhung hai kiéu kia vin 66 nguii sr dung va tao duge higu qua nhus hy mong mudn, 2, Trong hoi thé binh thudmg, eding niu hoi thé thanh nhge, ta thiy 6 hai dong the ngwge chigu nhau, a la hit vdo vd thé ra. Trong ca hit, phai tip dé hit hoi vao (con got li ay hoi) kim sao cho di hrgng hoi ean thiét cho timg cau hat dai ngin, mgnh nhg, cao thip khde nhau. Dong ‘thoi eting phat t@p thi ra (cn goi li day her) sao cho lan hoi duge pha hop voi moi tinh hudng ciia ca hat. Noi cach khac Ii tip digu ché hoi tho cho tt, tuy theo se thai curing 46, eao 46, ‘trudng 49 cia dm thanh. Sau day la mgt sO yéu edu chung cho hai hoat dng n6i trén : a. Lily hai (hit he Cin ne ae nhdng vi hit vio mau Ig bing mii va bing migng (nhur vay Lin hoi méi vio dug) ~ Nén hoi vai gidy truée khi hat va c6 giing gift King ngue cng trong suét cau hat. +b. Diy hoi (didu ché lan hoi) : - Dua hoi thé ra chinh xe ering hic véi hoat dOng cia thanh d6i, khong sém, khong mun, ‘Néu sém qua (sur la glotte) dm thanh nghe cimg e6i vi thanh d6i cing ra trude khi Lan hoi t6i, ‘Néu muén qua (sur le souffle), m than nghe khéng 13, ma Iai tn hoi, vi ln hei ra truée khit ‘thank 464 ung, ‘Dua hoi ra du din, khong dirt quiing, khong qua eng. Khi phai hat nhiing bude nhay (tir quiing 4 tro én), nén 08 tic dng ép bung céich mém mai dé am thanh phit ra ding cao d6 va am vvang day din. Tao cim giée nbu diém qa cia kan hoi d ving xuong chu : kin hoi uhu duge ‘én nhs tyra vao ving xong chu. Cac co bung duéi hoi cing, tgo than ‘Han hoi phéng len, 3. Mbt s6 diém edn tréink: khi lay boi efing nhu khi day hoi : ~ Khong nén Ky hoi hoan toan qua migng, tri nhiing trréng hgp cao trio, phai cusp hoi, hode nhimg truémg hyp hét khi céc van mé ma phai hat nhanh, nhjp nhang. - Khong nén hit hoi qua nhiéu, lim cing thing cée co bung, sun, ngye .. tie hai dén vige phan GpIb hs tes me d-agha sign nhe cu nha. ~ Khéng nén dé hét hoi hoan toan méi lay hoi khac, nhu vay dim thanh cudi cau dé bj dudi (6,05 thd lam @3-mt, 9 ob WindLoad Page 16Luyén thanh -wwwchailinhquehuong.net ~ Khéng nén nhd vai lén khi hit hoi vi s® anh hung dén céc co hé hip, Ky hoi khéng su ng nénphinh bung ra trade ki ly hoi: Chinh Khdng kh di vio su tong phdi dng thoi v6i vige hy hodnh eich m6 lim phinh byng ra, Néu phinh byng tru s8 lim cho ca thé bj ‘cng cimg, inh huréng xiu dn vige phat dm, ». Kh dy hoi : ~ Khong spate qué manh khi hét ede du cao, dinh ring o6 t6n nhibu hoi hon hit du ‘trim (vi than hon toan khi hét dau cao), nhung néu n d6i qua log, dh nag hn she. ~ Khéng nén phi pham hoi thd, phai biét digu ché hoi thé sao cho phi hgp véi tinh each cea timg cu, dé en thanh van am vang day dn tir ddu dén cudi cau. Bigu ché hoi thi ne hodanh cach m6 nang lén din dan va mém mai voi sy hb try cia céic eo bung, dn ng ngye vn cing: {go thinh m6t e6t hoi phia trén ludn Indn lign tue, dy dn 4, Luyén tap hoi tho: Vige luygn tap hoi thé thudng phai di doi véi vige luyén thanh, nghia_la tip hoi the véi am thanh, c6 nhw vay ta méi d8 kiém tra duge hoat dong ciia hoi thé qua chat lngng ciia dm thank ‘phit ra, “Hoi thé diing, am thanh dep" (xem chi thich 2), d6 la cfu chim ngén cia ngudi ca hit. Hoi ths ding sé gidp dat vi trim thank ding, lim cho tiéng vang dep. Newoc lai vi tri am than dling giip cho vige day hoi duge 48 dang, tet kigm duge he 3 im thanh vee hoi the la pe ction casted wer gree ree chit Iugng, nén khong the tach ri timg hoat dong. rigng ré, Tuy nhién trong bude dau, ching ta o6 thé tip hoi thé riéng dé Kim quen voi kiéw tho dente cong hanh lng bop log og pe at a diy hoi cia ching ta. a. Tap xi : (xem bai 1, phan thye tap s6 2) . Tap thdi bui : (xem bai 2, phan thyc tap s6 1) ‘¢. Tép hoi thé véi am thanh qua cde mau luyén thank, w PHAN THYC TAP 1. Tp cde cor bung dé hd tro cho hodnh céich mé » ge en yi : thing lung, thing diu, ap mgt hai bin tay vao sau lung dé ngén cai nim bén hong ngang that lung. - Dat ban chan phai sét dat hudng ra phia trade, chin thing, ngudi thing, + Rit chan phai vé, ban chin van cham dat, va dua chin trai ra y nlur chan phai : 50 - 100 Jin, : hin agi Khtog ghiéng qua nghitg ll, King nh ln bd xudng (Bai tip miy ding 48 khdi déng khi hoc thanh nhgc, hoc dé tip thé duc trong ngay). WindLoad Page 17Luy@n thanh -wwwhailinhquehuong.net 2. Tap long neve Had anny sl tg thing ta bd tarde, ine eos ang GUESS a CAN, - Hat man hai tay ra phia sau, ludn thing cdnh tay : hinh nhanh vao. - Ding lai mot vai gidy :nén hoi ~-Dia bai tay ra pila trae nr io ln: chara tee 3. Tim edim gide diém tea cia lan hot = Ly hoi vito nbur thubng 16 ~ Lam nhur “théi byi" nhung ngim migng (bjt mii néu cn) dé cho hoi khdng thoat ra ngoai, nnhumg hoi dgi Igi xudng hotnh eich mo va tic dng lén bung, lén viing xuong eh, Kim cing cc eo & xung quanh ving 46. B6 duge coi nhu diém tya eta kin hoi trong khi ching ta hit, 1 hi phai hit cao, hat manb. 4. Tap mdi luyfn thank 4va.5> Miu: Ce a Mt oMS Me Ma MBoMa 8 * Yeu clu cia miu 4a: 1, 2, 3 nh mau 3a, * Yeu clu 4 in dug + 6p bung & phic thir 4 + Yéu chu 5 : cing lén cao, gift cing King ngue, ning him éh mém va budng long him. * Yéu cau cia miu $1, 2, 3 nhur ce miu trade. * Yeu ci 4 :rditéng bing ech ép nhe bung m5i kh hat 1 di,Luyén thanh -wwwchailinhquehuong.net ® CAC CAU HOI ON TAP 1, Tai sao hoi thé Iai quan trong va phai tap tuyén ? 2. Truong phai méi ciia nghé thud ca hét nude ¥ chi trong nhur thé nao ? Tai sao o6 sy bién chuyén so v6i truée 46 ? 3. Kigu thé bung két hgp véi King ngyc hoat déng ra sao ? ich Igi thé nio 2 4. Nhing digu cdin lam Kchi lay hoi va day hoi ? 5. Nhiing diéu edn tinh khi ldy hoi va day hoi ? 6.“Hoi the ding, am thanh agp” nghia fa gi? Trove [1] Thé su diing cdch cdn giip ching ta mé rong hong, ha thdp thanh quan va nang ‘cao von mém, tir dé o6 dug nhiing am thanh ding vi tri nén vang dep: “Hoi the dung, ‘am thanh dep” la theo nghia 46. (Xem Richard Alderson,SDD tr.30) WindLoad Page 19