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: 43


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1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

3
3
3
4
5
5
5
5
6
7
7
7
7
7

2 -
2.1
2.2

9
9

3
3.1
3.2
3.3

12
12
15

4.1 .
4.1.1
4.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.4

18
21
21
26
31
31
34

5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

37
37
37
38
38

5.6
38
5.6.1
38
5.6.2
39
5.6.3 pH
41
5.6.4
42
5.6.5
44
5.7
45
5.7.1
45
5.7.2
46
5.7.3 -COD
51
5.7.4 - B..D
51
5.7.5 NO3-
53
5.7.6 NH4+-N
54
55
5.7.7 PO4-P
2
5.7.8 SO4
56
5.7.9 CI57
5.8
59
5.8.1
59
5.9 , (
)
63

6 &
6.1 .
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

23/07/2008

65
72
78
84

90

7
7.1

96

97

Determination of the water pollution level in the suburban area of Chania. The
case of monastery of Chrysopigis, monastery of Agia Lavra, Hotel Oasis and
monastery of Agia Triada

The aim of the study was the water quality control in water samples for the
determination of the pollution level of the underground water in the suburban area of
Chania. The selected wills were located in Monastery Chrysopigis, Monastery Agias
Lauras, Hotel Oasis and Monastery Agias Triadas and the sampling period was from
July 2008 to June 2010. Water samples were collected for the analysis of chemical and
microbiological quality parameters. Based on the results of the present study it is
concluded that the water can be used for irrigation but not for human consumption.




.
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2008 2010
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--
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/100 ml
mg/l

16

 5.-

C
mg/l Cl
mg/l SiO2
mg/l Ca2+
mg/l Mg2+
mg/l K+
mg/l, 180 C
% O2
mg/l CO2

12
25
100
30
10

25
200
50
12
1500

6.

g/l
1

g/l
mg/l
0,1

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0,5

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100

g/l P2O5
400
5000

g/l F 8-12 C
1500

25-30 C
700

g/l Co
7.

g/l Be
g/l V

8.

(
ml)

100

)
0

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NPP<1

NPP<1
17

37C

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(
ml)
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100

18

 4


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GPS

W MONAGLAVRA
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Church
IE
33,8

W MATH-STAMT
N35,498686 E024,021401
Building
IE
14,1

W MONXRISOP
N35,491858 E024,029624
Church
IE
21,0

W MONAGTRIAD
N35,485915 E024,001708
Church
IE
35,9

10.

23/07/2008
+
+
24/10/2008
+
+
14/05/2009
+
18/05/2009
+
27/07/2009
+
08/09/2009
+
+
17/10/2009
+
+
19/12/2009
+
19/01/2010
+
05/03/2010
+
03/06/2010
+
+

+
+
+

+
+

+
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4.1 [6]
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29

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30

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3,5 ,
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13/10/1958)

32

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33

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36

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2008-2010.

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(, , pH, ,
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NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, SO4-, ) (total
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5.6
5.6.1 [5]

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38



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5.6.2 [5]


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39

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300 .
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40

5.6.3 pH [5]
pH, ,
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(-log[H+]) , 10
,
.

:
[H+][OH] =10-14, 25 C [H+] = [OH-]=10-7
[H+]= , moles/L
[-]= , moles/L
pH, 0 14. pH
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pH
.

pH ,
.

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pH ,
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41


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5.6.4 [5]

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42

 ,
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.
mhos/cm mS/m (1mS/m=10mhos/cm).
0,5-2 mhos/cm, ,
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2-4 mhos/cm. , 500-1500
mhos/cm
10,000 mhos/cm.
,
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A
.

.
,

.
12.
12.
S/cm(

mg/L)
(Cl-)
2,14
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(HCO3-)
(CO3-)
(SO4--)
(Na+)
(K+)
(Ca++)
(Mg++)

1,15
0,715
2,82
1,54
2,13
1,84
2,60
3,82

43


, 1
cm3, (
).
.
.
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Wheatstone
.
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1,9%/C. ,
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(20,0 C)
.

100 ml
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.
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1 mhos/cm, 20 C.
.

,
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5.6.5 [5]

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44

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( ) (HACH
LDO10103). 100 (%) mg/l.
5.7
5.7.1 [5]

CaCO3, Ca(HCO3)2,
Mg(HCO3)2 . ,
,
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.
.
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: mg/L CaCO3, mmole/L meq/L
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mg/L CaCO3,
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.


.
,
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Eriochrome Black T.
45


250 ml, 25 ml
EBT (Eriochrome Black T) 1 ml NH3.
EDTA .
:
( **1000)/ ml
: ml EDTA
mg CaCO3 1ml EDTA

, , , ,

.
, :
Al
Pb
Fe
Cu
Mn
Zn

20 mg/L
10 mg/L
2 mg/L
10 mg/L
0.5 mg/L
100 mg/L

, , ,
.
, , 5 mg/L,
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mg/ L .
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5.7.2 105 C [5]

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46

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.
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. , , .,
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, , 103-105 C
108 C.
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pH 4,3,
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47

 . , ,
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,
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103-105 C,
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103-105 oC,
,
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180 oC, ,
, .
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105 oC.
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180 oC.

.

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, 105 C
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105 C 24
() .
,
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48

= (-)*10.000 mg/lt
:
: (gr)
: (gr)

20.
.

49

 21. Silica Gel

.
5.7.3 -COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) [9]
COD kit.
COD Cell Test MERCK 14540.
COD :
, , , 3ml ,
( 22). (

).

22. COD.

50

 , 148 C, (
23) 120 min. ,
.

23.
10 min ,
. COD
MERCK Spectroquant NOVA 60 ( 25).


.
5.7.4 - B..D (Biochemical Oxygen
Demand) [5]



. BOD
(mg/l)
: (g/m3).
pH
20 C 5 .
,
.
:

+ O2 > CO2 + H2O + +

CO2 ,
NaOH .
51

 :
1. 20 C.
2. pH 6 7,5 ( pH
HCl 0,01 ).
3. 500 ml 428 ml
BOD .

.
4. .
5.
.
6. NaOH
.
7. BOD
.
8.
( 24).
9. 20 C 15
.
10. ,
BOD.
11.
.
12. 5
20 C.
13. 5
BOD .

24. B.O.D. .
52

5.7.5 NO3- [9]

:
+O2
+O2
NH+4 NO2- NO-3
, .
,
.
,
. ,
,
.
50 mg/L,
() 4 mg/L.

,
spectroquant itrate test (1.09713.0001) Merck
0,10-25,0 mg/l NO3- -N. ,
test, 4 ml NO3-1 .
, 0,5 ml 0,5 ml
NO3-2 .
.
10 .
10 , ( 25),
. (self-check)
Concentration
(). insert cell or start measurement.
(autoselector)
. test
. () autoselector
.
10 mm,
.
measuring () .
,

. ,
.
, ,
. ,
.
30 10
.
53

 , 50 mg/l
(NO3 ) 11,3 mg/l (NO3-N)
mg/l o .
5.7.6 NH4+-N [9]

(NH3),
pH ,
:
NH3+H2O NH4+ + OH , ,
. ,
. ,
, 0,5 mg/L

, 0,025 mg/L.
, ,
15 mg/L.

Ammonium reagent test MERCK 14752,
5,0ml .
0,6 ml
NH4-1 (Minishaker MS2,IKA
WORKS). NH4-2
. 5 .
4 () NH4-3
. 5 .
MERCK Spectroquant NOVA 60 ( 25),
. (self-check)
Concentration ().
insert cell or start measurement.
(autoselector) .
test .
() autoselector
. 10
mm,
.
measuring () .
,

.
. test 0,05-3,00mg/L NH4+54

N.
60 15 .
0,5 mg/l
(NH4) 0,39 mg/l (NH4-N).

25. MERCK Spectroquant NOVA 60.

5.7.7 PO4-P [9]

,
, ,
. ,
, .
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
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,
55

 .
0,4-0,7 mg/l.

kit test Phosphate Reagent Test
MERCK 14848. 5,0 ml , ,
5 -1 .
(Minishaker MS2,IKA WORKS).
1 -2 .
. 5 .
( 25),
. (self-check)
Concentration ().
insert cell or start measurement.
(autoselector) .
test .
() autoselector
. 10
mm,
.
measuring () .
,
.
Cl-> 1000 mg/lt .
test 0,05-3,00mg/L PO4-P.
test 0,80 mg/l PO4-P (Spectroquant
Combicheck 10) (
test, , )

.

0,7 mg/l
(PO4) 1,63 mg/l (PO4-P).
5.7.8 SO4 2 [9]

,

.
, , ,
.

,
250 mg/l.
56


kit test Sulfates MERCK
1.14791.0001. 2,5 ml
. 2 SO4-1
. 1 SO4-2
, 5 min 40 C. 5 min
2,5 ml SO4-3 .
.
4 SO4-4 .
7 min 40 C.

. MERCK Spectroquant NOVA 60
( 25), .
(self-check)
Concentration (). insert cell or
start measurement. (auto selector)
.
test . ()
auto selector .
10 mm,

. measuring ()
.
. test 25-300 mg/l SO4.
.
5.7.9 CI- [5]

,
. ,
,
.
.
,
. ,
,
.

pH (8.3) ,
,
.
.
1,5 100 mg/L CI-.
57


,
.
. ,
25 mg/L, . ,
10 mg/L,
.

,
AgNO3 0.0141N
2,395 AgNO3 1000 mL.
NaCl 0.0141 N.
.
NaCl 0.0141N
824,1 mg NaCl 1000
mL.

50 g K2CrO4 100 mL .
.
, 12 .
, 1
.

.
,
,
.


250 ml, 25 ml 2
ml K2Cr4. AgNO3
.
:
[( ) * *35450] / ml
: ml AgNO3
ml AgNO3
AgNO3
58

5.8
5.8.1 [5]
,

.( 26)
:

,
, 47mm - 0,45 m (Pall GN-6 mertica/ Grid),
300ml, ,
1 - 10 ml, , (G-Cell 075)
(Heraeus kentro UB6) 44 C 37 C .
Agar Membrane Lauryl
Sulphate Broth (Lab 82). S/anetz &
Bartley Medium (Lab 166).


:
Boro, , Agar
Membrane Lauryl Sulphate Broth (Lab 82),
(4ml x ).

.

10 ,
. ,
.
.

:
,
S/anetz & Bart/ey Medium (Lab 166)
.
.

. .
.

.

59

 .
(100ml). .

26. Gelman.

(Total Coliforms) 22 24
37 C.
(Faecal Coliforms) 24 44 C. ,
48 37

C.( 27)

60

 27.Petri .


, .
/100ml
( ).

61

 28.Petri-otal coliforms


. ,
,
. , ,
,
.
A. (total coliforms)
Gram-
48h 36 1 C.
B. (faecal coliforms)
44,5 0,2 C
48h ( ). E.coli

44,5 0,2 C.


.
.
C. (faecal streptococci) Gram-, .

62

 .
,

2. ,

.
5.9 , ( )
[9]
, ,
, .
, , .

. ,
,

-.

Sherwood flame
Photometer 410 ( 29) ,
.
Ca
0,00 ppm 100,00 ppm ,
0,00 ppm
10,00 ppm Na
0,00 ppm 10,00 ppm.
.
,
,
.

63

 29.- Sherwood flame Photometer 410

, .

64

 7
7.1

.
1-2 oC
(- ).
26/05/2008-22/10/2008 [10]
.
,

. ,
,
,
. (10
mg/l). (100 mg/l).
,

,
, ,
.

.[10] pH
.

(400- 2500
S/cm).
.
(20-175 mg/l). ,
.

09/06/2004-05/10/2006
,
.[11] 150 mg/l.
,
. ,
23/07/2008 ,
.
.
. BOD5 (
), COD ( ) .

,
.
,
,
.
96


,
.


.

, E.coli ,
.
.

97


1. (2009),

, : . .
2. (2006),
: .
3. http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/el/Water_quality
4. (
, . 892, 11 2001).
5. . (2001), , 508
.
6.

(2006),

-.
7. http://www.oasis-guesthouse.com/index-el.html
8. . (2005), -
.
9. . (2007), :
.
10. (2010),


, : . .
11. - (2009),

, : .
.

98