Cie eo seateal 4 Teer CoContents Unit Pages Introduction 4-5 1 People and relationships 6-11 Relating to other people; Friendship and relationships; Life siages 2 Everyday life 12-17 Around the house; Food; Problems; Solutions; Everyday sounds 3 The business world 18-23 Work places; People at work; Company deparimenis; The working day; Self- employment; Finding ond getting o job; Types of work; Pay, responsibilities and promotion; Problems 4 Travelling and working 24-29 abroad Trovelling; Travel arrangements; Finding the money; Youth schemes; Projects; Activities; Questions to ask about projects; Personal qualities; Advantages of working abroad 1-4 Test yourself 1 30-31 Test exercises 1 - 5 (60 marks) 5 Looking after the body 32-37 Keeping fit and healthy; A healthy dict; The body; Hygiene; Physical sensations and siaies; Some serious illnesses and diseases; Treatment 6 Society 38-43 Social events; Social classes (in Britain); Special inierest groups; Generations; Civilization; Concepts; The spirit of the oge; International / internal relations; Bod behaviour; Social issues 7 People and politics Politics and geography; Systems of government; Political philosophies; Political groups and organizations; People in politics; The political spectrum; Elections; Political protest 44-49 Unit 8 = Thelawand crime Pages 50-55 Locations; People connected with the law; Breaking the law; In court; Crimes ond criminals; Sentences 5 -B Test yourself 2 56-57 Test exercises 1 — 6 (60 marks} 9 Newspapers and magazines 58 - 63 The press; People; Departments; Sections of © newspaper; Features of « page; Value judgements 10 Books 64-69 Literature; Fiction; Non-fiction; People; Book covers; Divisions; Elements of fiction; Talking about books 11 Art Person / Activity; Works of art; Art equipment and materials; Styles of pointing; Describing paintings; Sculpture and ceramics; Photographic equipment and moterials 70-75 12 The environment 76-81 Natural disasters; Emergency help; Environmental pollution; Effects; Animals and plants; Traditional sources of energy and fuel; Alternative energy; Resources and energy; Green products; Food production; The environment and politics 9-12 Test yourself 3 82-83 Test exercises 1 — 6 (60 marks) Reference 84-87 Jobs; The British government; Main political parties in Britain; The US government; The legal system in the United States; British and American English Selfassessment and progresscheck 88 Answer key, A-H (Centrel pull-out section)Introduction Expanding your vocabulary Ai the intermediate and upper- intermediate stages of language learning, the vocabulary you need is wide-ranging and varied. You already have a good knowledge of the words ond phrases which frequently occur in commen topic areas. The cim of this book is to widen and deepen your knowledge. It will help you to understand ond express more complex ideas concerning people and relctionships, politics, the environment and crime; to deal with a variety of situations, from describing what is wrong with a piece of equipment to arranging a working holidoy; and to talk about areas of general interest, such as the media, books and art How to use Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Working on your own or in class, you can use this book in three ways: 1 To practise and learn more vocabulary + Choose a topic area of interest to you * Read the lists of words and phrases in the topic area. * Translote the words and phrases into your longuage in the spaces provided Using o good bilingual dictionary. Remember to look at the context of the words and phrases when translating them. If on exoct equivalent does not exist (e.g. for words to do with the low, such as solicitor) you may need to use a symbol such as = to mean approximately equivalent to. You will find ‘help’ boxes on the page to guide you. * Do the practice exercises. Try not to refer to the vocabulary lists when you are writing. Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Introduction Boost Your Vocabulary 4 is divided into twelve topic areas, with important words and phrases listed within specific contexts. The topic area in Unit 1, for example, is People and relationships Vocabulary is presenied in the contexis of Relating to other people (e.g. outgoing / shy, reserved), Friendship and relationships (e.g. best friend and acquaintance, be keen on and go out with}, and Life stages (e.g. be brought up by... , leave home ond move house). The exercises which follow start by focusing on single words ond then build towards longer writing activities, with ‘opportunities to express aspects of your own experience. At the end of each unit you can list words and expressions which you want to memorize. * Check your work by looking back at the vocabulary lists * Finally, use the Answer key lo mark and correct your work. spoken work + When you are working on a particular topic in class, use the lists to help you with writing or specking * Do the practice exercises at home to help you use the words and phrases in a variety of contexts. 3 To revise before a test * Test yourself on particular topics by looking at your translotions and giving the English words or phrases. * Try this on your own and with @ partnerTypes of exercise There are word puzzles, quizzes, surveys and questionncires; there are exercises which ask you to organize words into groups; and there are opportunities for continuous writing. The aim of all of the exercises is to help you remember vocobulary and use it correctly. Symbols Some of the exercises have symbols, to help you identify them quickly: pes spelling St word groups = \ memorization = When you see this symbol, you a should write. innyout notebook. Answer key The answers to the exercises and the tests are in a special pull-out section in the centre of the book Tests There are tests after Units 4, 8 and 12. They revise the language of Units 1 to 4, 5 to 8 ond 9 to 12. They will help you to see how well you are doing. Reference When you see this symbol you can find more information in the reference section at the back of the book. It includes @ unit-by-unit list comparing British and American English spelling (e.g. fibre / fiber) and vocabulary (e.g. get on with someone / get along with someone). Boxes showing this symbol will also refer you to other relevant parts of the book, and to relevant sections in Boost Your Vocabulary 1, 2 and 3. Self assessment and progress checks On page 88 you will find charts which will help you to assess and record how much progress you are making. Over to you! Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Introduction (65People and relationships See also Boost Your Vocabulary 3, Translate the words and phrases. (People Relating to other people Adjectives Opposites outgoing shy, reserved talkative quiet frank secretive self-confident unsure (of yourself) cold affectionate, warm submissive bossy* meek aggressive kind malicious, spiteful, mea straight two-faced* popular unpopular sympathetic unsympathetic helpful unhelpful trustworthy untrustworthy trusting eynical sociable unsociable romantic unromantic self-conscious unselfconscious foithful unfaithful dependent independent considerate inconsiderate possessive Adjectives morked * axe used in convers 5 informal language. competitive Verbs and verb phrases motegei respect odmire fancy adore like dislike hate can’t stand Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 1get on with (= be friendly with) fall out with (= stop being friendly with) stand up for (= support or defend) look up to (= admire) look down on (= think you ore betier than) ..... Friendship and relationships best friend be keen on close friend be attracted to acquaintance fancy flirt (with) boyfriend / girlfriend .. fall in love (with) partner be in love (with) fiancé (male) go out (with) fiancée (female) split up (with) husband break up (with) wife make up (with) single parent Are you in a relationship at the moment? (get / be) engaged engagement It was love at first sight. (get / be) married marriage They drifted aport. (get / be) divorced divorce (be) separated separation Life stages be born in (place) in (year) go to college neti . leave home be brought up by start work Beco get a job be educated at . get married have children move house See poge 86 for the retire word list. . die Bédst YounVocabatanyoaulan Ae1 The pairs of words have similar meanings. Complete them. 1 kind considerate 6 open fro 2 loyal foi 4 7 Spiced, 3 friendly — soc _ 8 two- = | 4 honest tro. 9 insecure uns_ f 5 extrovert out 10 weak subaT_ “re 2 |G 2) Write these adjectives in groups. affectionate self-confident assertive unsociable inconsiderate aggressive romantic dependent unromantic _ competifive talkative faithful reserved unselfconscious helpful | good | bad sometimes good, | sometimes bad If you are working in class, compare your answers with a partner or group. 3° Use the words in the box to describe these people. possessive independent cold sympathetic secretive malicious meek quiet bossy popular You never really know what she’s thinking. secretive He's always saying nasty things about people. He’s a really nice guy, but he won't stand up for himself. She gets invited to lots of parties. He's quite old now, but he still likes to do everything for himself. She's always telling people what to do. Naweawnas He understands people really well and sees things from their point of view. 8 She gets really annoyed if onother girl talks to 9 He just sits there and doesn't say anything, 10 She's not a warm, affectionate person. Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 14a Use a verb (in the correct tense) and a preposition from each column to complete the sentences. verb + preposition 1 * preposition 2 get up | with look out for look out with, stand on to fall up on break down with go up |__with They used to be good friends, but then he and they don't speak now. N He's a very sociable person. He ....- They're boyfriend ond girlfriend. He «2... They had an argument, and the relationship is over. She «... him last weekend. Rw a Why are you so arrogant? You just . 6 Don't worry about being bullied. | Footballers are heroes for some kids. My son reclly ... N Choose a sentence from 4a to describe these situations. «+. her parents you. .. everybody. her for ages everybody. Sentence ..... enostYouciWvioubiilassuauenetie5) Complete the questionnaire. ee © Sometimes: ) @ Madonna » b No, never b David © All the time Beckham .¢ Mahatma Gandhi © talks least? @ More than ten - “ b talks most? b Between three and ten «© _ fries to include everybody in the ¢ Fewer thon three conversction? © Hove you ever fallen in love? © Yes, | have. © go upto them and say, b Imight have done but 'm ‘realy fancy you"? not telling you. ask a friend for their «€ Listen, | fall in love at least telephone number? twice a week. run awoy? Check your score and read the analysis on page A. 6a Complete what A, B and C say about themselves. PersonA t le raiilbee v vith a fantastcelly ich, good-looking boy /irl. | Por° We'll. s00n afterwards. Gekeneaged We'll before I'm 25. ee stiret We'll cat least three children, get married a big house and lots of parties. PersonB W the .. 0 few people before Ifind | die jht one. We'll tell each other everything. ae) ‘ll eee break up go out with but if we stay together | ~ good friends. a ca aPersonC 5 Le in love. | don't know whether I'll. | can't stand meet anyone. | won Just think, | don't believe your pariner might turn out fo be a real pain, although | suppose you | marry COM OIWOYS .o.csecsceseseeeee .. Anyway, | get divorced - long relationships. Gb Use two adjectives from the box to describe each person. [cold faithful cynical io a romantic trusting sociable fon | ease Bema) ferson'c ° Ge Write a short paragraph about what you think the future holds for you. (Use 60 as a model.) "7 Number these sentences in a logical sequence. Then write about cn older person you know. She and her husbond moved house She went to college, but she stil lived in 1978. ot howe. She died in 2001. 1 She was born in London in 1917. She got married in 1946 and hod She left home when she was 18 hil é fwo-chidren, She was educated at the local She was brought up by her grammar school. grandparents. She started work at an engineering She retired in 1977. firm in 1938. 8 Write ten words and five expressions you aré going to memorize. | Words "Expressions 3 SoewmiudsHauon= Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 1 fiEveryday life Translate the words and phrases. Around the house «@ pane of glass a bar of soap a sliver of glass a blade of grass @ wisp of smoke a scrap of paper a pile of newspapers a block of wood / ice a stack of books a splinter of wood a heap of rubbish a speck of dust a bundle of old clothes See also Boost Your Vocabulary Foed pone 18 ( a piece of cheese @ pinch of salt a joint of meat a squeeze of lemon juice a slice of coke a groin of rice a bar of chocolate a bunch of grapes a segment of orange sugar cubes / lumps a lump of butter ice cubes a drop of milk breadcrumbs. Woalel you like a scpeexe ‘And would you like some con your fish See page 86 for the British / American word fist ak ere ark etnProblems It's not working. / It’s broken. There's something wrong with the TV. What o mess! It has shrunk. It’s (It is + adjective) .. blocked dented stained ripped flooded leaking torn damaged stuck 10. burnt 11 smashed OMURHRONA | There's, (There i + noun) . © blockage a dent a stain orip a flood a leak a tear Get it mended / repaired / replaced. Get someone to look at i Throw it away. Cleon it up. Everyday sounds (verbs and nouns) ring crash crunch pop crack crackle fizz hiss whirr buzz rustle jingle snop splash tick Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 2 (iJa Match the units with the food. Units 1 aslice of 2° abarof 3 abunch of 4 asqueeze of 5 apinch of & joint of 7 alump of 8 agrain of 2 asegment of 10 adrop of —~-7ereanwce Food butter coke lemon juice chocolate grapes meat milk orange rice salt 1 We need a new piece of soap in the bathroom. You broke the window, so you'll have to pay for a new piece of glass 2 DYAGRY cut my finger on a small sharp piece of glass. Tb Tick the ones you have had in the last 24 hours. 2a Replace the words in colour with a more specific word. Use a fresh piece of paper | only need a small piece of paper. Your house is so clean. There isn't a tiny piece of dust anywhere. A tiny piece of wood went into my hand. Can you hold a piece of grass between your thumbs and blow on it to make a noise? My feet are so cold. They’re like large pieces of ice! Athin wisp... Ive gota ... What's thet .. charity shop. (14) Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 2 2b Complete the sentences. Don't use the same word more than once. + of smoke rose from the chimney of the cottage. What do you want with that 2¢ List the things in 2a and 2b that you can see now. Onur won = ~zomr 3 satsie * - of old newspapers? of books to read before term starts. +. of rubbish in the corner? Put it in the bin! I'll fie these old clothes into a . +. and you can take them to the—_—— 3a Describe the problems using a different expression 3b each time. SUK HKRYNA Match the solutions to the problems in 3a. The on / off switch on my computer /S.Stuck, The toast The window There's a... The pockeis The fan ... The side of the car .... My pen .. sesseeee ON My shirt. U Solutions Take it to the dry cleaner’s. You'll have to get them mended. Throw it away and start again. You'll have to get someone to look ot it and tell you how much the repair will cost Buy a new one. You'll have to take it back to the shop. You'll have to get it replaced You'll have to call the engineer. ONANAWNH Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 2 fiassociate with them. | aroad asink Gpiece of paper a jumper | flooded torn aroad Match the words to the pictures. buzz crackle crack crash @ toilet @ kitchen blocked @road ¢ bonk note Put the words in the correct column according to the problems which you © computer image shrunk ring rustle splash tick Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 26a Use the words in the box to complete the opening of this short story. (Change the form where necessary.) jingle whirr hiss snop “crunch Their footsteps ‘crunched... on the grovel as they approached the house. The man’s keys *. in his pocket. He took his sunglasses out and 8 eo . the case shut. ‘Be quiet!" the woman .. through her teoth They could hear the . of helicopter blades fi in the distance. 6b Write the next paragraph of the story using some of the words in 3a, 4, 5 and 6a. ten words and five expressions you are going to memorize. Expressions Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 218} 3] The business world Translate the words and phrases. Work places office ‘ head office spo People at work employer employee MD (managing director) finance director sales director marketing director (line) manager A line manager is someone who is one level higher than you and is in charge of your work Words marked * are used in informal, conversational language. Company departments human resources marketing production sales distribution accounts admin(istration) technical support Self-employment | work from home. I'm self-employed. factory industrial estate boss* z sales team f sales representotive (rep*) workmate (in a factory) colleague (in an office) member of trade union union representative The working day have aan early stort nee ccsscsenstee a meeting i an appointment a conference a coffee break a lunch break a working lunch I'm a self-employed builder. I'm freelance graphic designer. froclance journalists, freelance photographers. i Pl Use self-employed for people who do not work for a company but who do practical jobs like building and plumbing: use freelance for people who work independently for several companies or organizations, e.¢. Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 3Finding and getting a job Types of work job advertisement / What does she do for a living? advert / ad vacancy She's a dentist. application form referee He's in the army. reference we job description She works as a secretary in a school. duties relevant experience He works in / He's in ne. the textile industry. She works for | en oil company. ¢ law firm. Use firm when you are talking about providing © He works at the local supermarket. service and company when you are talking about producing goods Problems sponsibilities and promotion 7 Pay, respon 2 She was fired. | get © bonus. | work on commission. I'm in charge of the company budget. What are the prospects for promotion? She‘s out of work. I’ve been promoted to senior manager. He's unemployed. ‘And what sort of job do you want Ms Bradshaw? Ses poge 86 for the Brilish / American word list Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 3 fe& Ta Complete the diagram showing the company structure. oo) Cech. ssunssns Support staff) (od. 1b Match what these people say to one of the jobs in 1a. } 1 My responsibility, quite simply, is the whole company! Y 2 I'm in charge of making the things we sell. 3 I'min charge of the company budget. 4 \'min charge of advertising and promotion 5 6 I'm in charge of the sales teom. hove to make sure that the bills and woges are paid 7 We're part of a team. Our job is to find customers and sell to them. 8 My job is to recruit people and sort out any problems people may have. 9 We organize company travel 10 If you've got a problem with your computer, just call us! 2a Match the words in the columns to make phrases. Ahm ae 1.6. afreelance editor a law b director 2 amonaging | ¢ editor 3 a self-employed | d_firm 4 admin © job 5 @ union f plumber 6 a well-paid @_ redundant 7 to be made h representative 8 to. goon i staff 2. 10. to work on i strike 10. SSS G0) Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 3ee 2b Write three true sentences about yourself or people you know, using the phrases in 2a. My friend Jorge has a very well-paid job. I would never go on strike. Solve the crossword. T 2 Across fi 1 When are you ... for interview? (9) 5 5. As.we're busy, let’s ... @ working lunch. (4) 6 Traditionally, businessmen wore black or ... suits. (4) rs 7 She works for a ... of lawyers. (4) L— 10 What does he do ... a living? (3) SL BLh 12. Short for ‘Confederation of British Industry’ (3) 13. Untortunetely, it's « job with ... prospects. (2) 14. He's lost his job. He got the ... . (4) 15. He's lost his job. He’s been made “ i eal) 16 The things you have to do in a job. (6) 18 My grandfother worked in the steel 8) Down Y¥ The job was ... in several newspapers. (10) I'd like to ... for the job. (5) Who's your ... manager? (4) Aworkplace where things are made. (7) What are the prospects for ... in this company? (9) wvyRon 9 I'mlooking for a job. Do you have any... 2 (9 11 They've gone ... strike. (2) 17 ‘Dear ... / Madam’ (3) Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 3 Gi4a Read the advertisement and complete Cheryl's letter using the words in the box. The Nottingham Gazette Party assistants We are looking for enthusiastic party assistants to work at our Bell Street Leisure Centre, Hours of work: Saturday afiernoons: 1,00p.m. 10 3.00p.m., 4.00p.mn. to 6.00p.m. enjoy Duties include interested © supervising children aged 3 to 10 «organizing entertainment and Rs team games eselting up party decorations and equipment fearing lping to prepare party food een Opportunities for: promotion to party supervisor References required referees Applications in writing to: relevant ‘Sandra Clarke, The Bell Street Leisure Centre, Bell Street, Nottingham, NG2 7RP Spent = a ‘apply —_— ——— = " | studying Barn caw advertisement in the Nottingham Gazette for party assistants at the Bell Street Leisure Centre, and I would like t0 *. Thave just seen your ‘4! Tam sixteen years old. Tam a student at the County High School, where tam for GCSEs in nine subjects, .-- Working and playing with young children. I have s+ Quite a lor of time during the school holidays looking after my cousins, who are six and four, Two of my GCSEs are in Art and Physical Education, which Limagine Would be ®..0..0.0 to this job. Lam very ".. on spomts, especially team sports like basketball and football. I would be particularly in becoming a party supervisor. ‘My PE teacher and a friend of my family’s have agreed to act ai Took forward to ®. seve ssen from You, Yours sincerely C.Ramura Cheryl Ramura | a2 Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 3@ & 4b 5b Write your own letter of application Assistants required either for the job in |} The Young Learners Cente is a study centre for children aged between 4 and 10. We are looking for assistants to mark the children's work in a variety of 4a or for this job. subjects, especially in Maths and Science. Please apply in writing, giving details of your experience, qualifications and interests and the names of two referees to Peter Duckwortn, The Young Leamers Centre, High Street, Bamet, HAS STR. Use the words in the box to complete the text. boss colleagues commission company prospects strike trade union well-paid heed office meetings industrial estate union representative Hello! My name’s May Cheung. | work as a travel agent for Pathfinders. It's a ».gompany.. which specializes in travel for young people. I's based in ‘Sanderstead, which is a very pleasant place. The ®....... isin Croydon, in the middle of an’... - .. I'm glad | don’t work there! Ulike it here. t's @ good job and it’s My*... are all quite young, so we socialize after work. My® is nice, too. She'll always take time to explain things, especially atthe team ... which we have every Monday morning, We get a basic salary, but we can also earn *.. we got. And the... . for promotion are quite good. I'ma member of a". «ln fact, I'm the * don’t have many problems here. We've never had to go on " .» depending on how many customers . Fortunately, we Imagine yourself in a full-time job. Give an account of your working life, similar to May's. Write ten words and five expressions you are going to memorize. 3 Expressions moOovanswn— Baost-vourivecabutasyaiuniie Min|4.| Travelling and working abroad Translate the words and phrases. Travelling (verb phrases) take 6 year out / 0 gap yeor go on a working holiday go on an expedition go trekking g0 backpacking ‘A gap year is © yaor between school and university. Travel arrangements passport ticket visa work permit itinerary insurance (U) accommodation (U) U = 6 noun which is uncountoble in this context. See also Boost Your Vocabulary 2, pages 64 - 65 (Holidays). Finding the money I raised money by working as a waitress. | spent several months doing odd jobs. | got a temporary job. lasked people fo sponsor me. I got sponsorship from several local companies. | borrowed the money from I got a loan from . Projects archaeological work (U) conservation werk (U) community work (U) construction work (U) i i i Youth schemes participant assessment responsibilities si selection criteria (plural) voluntery work (U) work experience (U) —cseesissesesesseeesnee | got in touch with (name of an organization) I've been accepted to do voluntary work in (country) I'm going on Ja training course. an orientation weekend. collecting scientific data teaching on edventure project an environmental project ..Activities mountaineering bungee jumping white-water rafting scuba diving Personal qualities You need to be adaptable enthusiastic curious self-motivated self-aware resilient reolistic committed a team player L " You need to have good communication skills. Advantages of working abroad | had an opportunity to see the world. I met people from other cultures. | became more independent. I felt very grown-up. I'm now much better at standing up for myself. | learned o new sl -g. carpentry) a sense of direction. It gave me more confidence. Questions to ask about projects Is the work paid or is it voluntary? What will my responsibilities be? Who will benefit from this project? What trai g will | receive? Who is responsible for travel arrangements? What about inoculations and health precautions? Do I have fo poy a deposit? If have a problem with my placement, who do | talk to? Whet if there is on emergency? How long has the organization existed? Wayne's year out really gave him a sense of direction. Bieta h / American word list Buostiveurivocasetenyeetnumen nie1 What are they? 1 it might be a house, or it might be a tent, but you'll need somewhere to stay! You may need this as well as your passport to visit ceriain countries. You will need this in case you are ill or lose your luggage. You may need this document to allow you to get @ job. Your travel agent will give you this detailed list of flights and destinations. You're working to help a particular group of people in a particular place. You don't get paid for deing this type of work. 2a Read the extract from the leaflet and complete the words. VOLUNTEERS FOR A RETTER WORLD We're looking for people who are enth.Usiasti¢...... commi, OUP Led ern t. -: Pein gas real and who have a res, 4 GOOd CON bimncinstisnnces SKIS pee: Which of these qualities do you have? Tick the boxes. 2b Choose the word or phrase from 2a which best describes these people. O Roane o zw an 0 I find it easy to express myself. I’ve got I've never built o wall before; but I'll have a go. adaptable... That's a great idea! Let's do it! | wonder what life in.a village in the rainforest is like. If 'm not feeling very well or if I've had a bad day, \ don't let it bother me. | soon bounce back! I'm quite good at starting new projects without much help from other people. If I say I'll do something, III do it. If | feel something is too difficult for me, | say so. We like working es part of a group. I know what my strengths and weaknesses ore DD » isconourvucanutaryeunies3 How did these people raise money for their year abroad? Use a different expression each time. OK you eon pey ne Lack when you get a job, | Which way would you choose to raise money? Rank them from A to F in order of preference (A = the best). 1 2 3 4 5 6 4a What type of work / holiday is described in these publicity extracts? Do you want to go trekking in the eee oie rainforest? Do you want io climb the ofAgrear Gain! ‘magnificent Mount Kinabul? And then go white-weter rafting and diving? Then TREE Borneo is the place for you. They want to learn your language, and you can learn theirs. What are you waiting for? Help us to count the number of black and ‘white rhino left in Namibia. Come and take part in this major wildlife survey. °F 46 ite a similar short piece of publicity to encourage people to do archaeological’ work in Egypt: Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 4 @Exams, exams, exams Training course to work for Sunsail ‘Summer job: sailing instructor. Money! ‘Odd jobs to earn more money New Zealand! Backpacking, bungee jumping, white-water rafting, scuba diving going from South Island to North Island. In May he's going to take his exams. In June .. [Z Sb Make a similar plan for yoursolf or someone you know. Be os ambitious as you like! Read the extract from this website and answer the questions. We have been organizing expeditions since 1980. Many of the volunteers have little or no experience of trekking, building Species conserva y share curiosity, enthusiasm end willingne Tf you are between’ 17 and 2: ab: to go, then you qualify to go on an expedition. It could be the chance of a lifetime for you. No special qualifications re required, but there will Be a week's orientation course before you leave to assess your strengths and teach you basic skilis, Over a three-month period, volunteers will work on high-quality community and environmental proj 1 each scheme ther fifteen volunteers and two project leaders. Food and a dation are provided, but you are not paid for the work you do. There will be two to four people in a room in one of our wooden huts. Our insurance policy covers you for medical .expenses, loss of baggage and personal possess: A copy of the policy be sent to you, If necessary, we will arrange for you to return home soon as possible. 3 Six months before you go, you need to pay ten per cent of cost of the trip.1 How many people are there in each scheme? alt 2 Do you have to have relevant experience to apply for a place? 3. What sort of personal qualities are needed? 4 How long are you away for? 5 What sort of work is involved? 6 What training will you receive? 7 What is the accommodation like? 8 What if there is an emergency - if you're ill, for example? 9 How can you check the details of the insurance policy? 10 Do you have to pay a deposit in advance? If so, how much? (A 7 what would your ideal three-month expedition be? Answer the questions. *Where would you go? * How would you raise the money? * What would you do? ~~ * What would the advantages of such an expedition be for you? e 8 Write ten words and five expressions you are going to memorize. [Words Expressions Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 4 @OE ee Test yourself 1 (Units 1 to 4) How much can you remember? 1. What are they? Describe each item without using the word piece(s). of a a Segment. of orange .. of beef . of bread .. of butter of chocolate ~~ of salt | in on with up 0 You always stand Up... wesw for your best friend. 1 Ave you going .. sholiday 7 There’s something wrong this summer? the CD player. 2 Did you get «touch with 8-_‘They were brought os by your American cousin? their grandmother. 3 Do you get on well .. your. 9 What do you do .. a living? older sister? 10. When are you available .. 4) He and his girlfriend split .... interview? last year. 5 He fell .. love with a girl he met on holiday. 3 Complete the words to describe these people. 0 ‘I've had some disappointments, but | always manoge to keep going.’ ‘Just do as I say.’ ‘1 just can’t walk into a room full of strangers.’ 1 2 3 ‘hate it when you look at other boys. You're mine.’ 4 ‘lalways play to win.’ 5 ‘Vm quite hoppy travelling on my own." Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Tost yoursolf 1 course next weekend. My mark: 60 ao OF rice «+. Of lemon juice @ training (10 marks) resilient bo s poN 9. 10 N 0 5 = 3 4 jame one thing which ‘Vm always interested in finding out more ‘Uthink | know myself quite well.” ‘Don't talk to me about kindness. People only do things for selfish reasons.” “have to say what I think.’ ‘Great! Fantastic! Let’s go now!” crackles Wed.ona fire 8 flooded ticks 9 torn rings 10 blocked buzzes 11 dented hisses Name one thing which can 5 6 7 shrink leak go wrong Ss Complete the conversation. Mum: Sara: Mur: Sara: Mum: Sora: Mum: There’s on® advert inthe newspaper for jobs at Compushop. They soy they've go! two for sales assistants. Why dont you ' *) But | haven't done anything like that before haven't got any ‘relevant * V'm sure there'll be ¢ treining Go on, send off for on form and @ job to see what you have to do. But Il need WO "sos -you know, people who will write nice things cobout me! Well, you can ask your English teacher and Susanne's dad. Afterall, he’s the managing ® of a big company. Yes, | know. Look, you want fo save some money for your gop year, don't you? And you don't want to Sara: Mum: Mum: Soro: (10 morks) Name two things which can get spend months just doing odd ‘ and earning very litle. | thought I could get a "2 from the bonk. ‘And have you thought abcut paying it back? Anyway, it’s not good to ' money if you don't have to. Well, perhaps I could get”... from companies like the one dad works for. : Maybe you could. But this will mean you've got some extra money for all the things you want fo do. : Like seuba ".. cond whito-water &, , you mean? Exactly. Well, | suppose ii's betier than working as a ws see iN restaurant. (15 marks) Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Test yourself 1 (Looking after the body Translate the words and phrases. Keeping fit and healthy do regular exercise work out {at the gym) warm up stretch cool down eat healthily avoid stress relax Ahealthy diet vitamins minerals carbohydrates fats proteins fibre The body bones joints muscles Internal organs brain lungs heart liver kidneys stomach 2 Circulation of the blood blood vein artery pulse high / low blood pressure T don't mind warning yp and cooling down It's the bit in between that T don't ike. Hygiene wash your heir cul your nails file your nails have a shower have a wash shave : clean / brush your teeth Hygiene products cotton wool deodorant cleanser soap shower gel shampoo conditioner toothpaste toothbrush razor shaving cream nail file nail scissors nail clippers washbagPhysical sensations and states Noun phrases sharp / acute pain dull ache irritation stiffness: tenderness Verb phrases ache shake shiver sweat throb be / feel ... well poorly under the weather be... fit and healthy in good health in poor health have (got) a fever Treatment conventional medicine alternative medicine / complementary medicine fl have an operation (on) take medicine / tablets take ao course of antibiotics Some serious illnesses and diseases have (got) ... asthma diabetes arthritis concer heart disease hepatitis malaria cholera typhoid AIDS He had a heart attack. He had a siroke. He's HIV+ (positive). See olso Boost Your Vocabulary 3, pages 24 ~25 (Health). Illness is 0 general term which covers conditions like osthma; diseases affect particular parts of the bedy (e.g. heart disease) or can be cought (e.g. typhoid). have physiotherapy recover feel better get better get over an illness ‘See page 86 for the British / Ameri word list Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 5 (33)“Mi DR a Ta Write about your hygiene routine. Products used sha e2o00800 Which other hygiene products do you use on a regular basis? Tb How do you keep fit and healthy? Think of ayour diet _b your daily routine c the exercise youdo. 94 b Lavoid stress. I get my dad to do my homework. Activity Example =2a Label the diagram. brain...... Itweighs about two kilos and it is where food is stored or processed, / They carry blood from the heart to the rest of the hody. Its like @ beg in which food is chonged into liquid. They filter the blood and get rid of weste liquid. They carry blood fo the heart from the rest of the body. It pumps the blood around the body. You have two, and you need them to breathe. It controls everything you do. (BB What does each group of foods provide? proteins fat minerals fibre vitamin C carbohydrates Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit S 65 4 Complete the conversation using the words in the box. oppendicitis fit operation better hospital recovered | _ conventional life serious Simon: Hi, Hannoh, how are you? | haven't seen you for ages. Hannah; |'ve been in Simon: — Oh, nothing | hope? Hannah: | hod ®.. Simon: Did you have an Hannah: Yes, | did. Simon: But | thought you didn’t believe in’. medicine Hannah: Well, when it’s a matter of 4 .. or death, you sometimes don’t have a choice! Simon: Yes, | see. Have you” Hannah: Yes, | feel much *.... thanks. Simon: Did | ever tell you about my operation? I’ve still got the scar. Look! Hannah: Sorry, Simon, | must go. Bye. Complete the words and expressions. ‘He's under the weather’ means He doesn't feel ve eans ‘She's shaking because she’s so cold’. You can see that he’s got « fever because he’s You don't soy a ‘strong’ pain; you say 2 in URoOna You don't say a ‘soft’ ache; you say What should you do before exercise? What should you do after exercise? a. Stay away from stressful situations; in other words, If your skin itches, you have a skin ./ sae arno 0 Footballers ofien have physiotherapy to treat their joints fe] Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 56 Ty this quiz. So you want to be a doctor? @ Name a disease that affects the stomach and is caused by | bad water. cholera @ Name an iliness that causes difficulties in breathing. © tame a disease which can be caused by smoking. . This disease causes a lot of pain in the joints of your bones. ® Which disease is associated with some types of mosquito? Which disease affects your liver, causes fever and makes your | skin look yellow? @ If you have too much sugar in your blood, what are you | suffering from? © ff you have high blood pressure, what are the dangers if itis not - treated? if Which és true? Tick the correct option. | @ Antibiotics are effective in treating viruses. \| bacterial infections. @ The body [can [MJcan't store vitamin C. @© hiWisakind of virus that can cause {W7] AIDS. hepatitis © tt you are overweight, you may develop [[7] high blood pressure. [| low blood pressure. (Gheck your answers on page D. é 7) Write ten words and five expressions you are going to memorize. i = Expressions ] i | SOMDURHAWN So Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 5 a6] Society Translate the words and phrases. Social events (fomily) gathering get-logether party celebration reunion anniversary wedding funeral Special interest groups I've joined / I'm a member of / | belong to /1’m in a (an) ... (football) team (chess) club (local history) society (international) organiza (environmental) group Generations generation gap the older / younger generation age group peer group Social classes (in Britain) the aristocracy the upper class the middle class the working class from a (working-class) background from an aristocratic background the rich the poor the (general) public Perhaps I'm descended from the aristocracy! Yes we've all heard of Queen Trocy the FirstCivilization the human race population community culture people globalization Bad behaviour People can be used to mean people generally, e.g, How many people were al the concer'? and to refer to those belonging to o particular nation or race, e.g. The people of Britain demand a referendum, Both fake plural verbs, Concepts society individual identity rights responsibilities the right to vote liberty freedom of speech censorship justice equality law and order wealth Poverty youth bully lout thug (football) hooligan yondal be in a gang . See also Unit &, The law and crime, page 50. Social issues crime prejudice racism An identity card is sometimes called an ID card. The opposites of justice ond equality ore injustice and inequality. sexism, yondalism drug addiction The spirit of the age liberal progressive conservative repressive permissive tolerant revolutionary drunkenness homelessness violence International / internat relations war peace revolution ‘When people refer to a youth or « gong of youths, they are talking about young men whose behaviour they disopprove of. But youth can be used fo talk about young people generally, without implying on attitude on the part of the speoker, e.g. youth culture, the youth of the country, in his youth See page 86 for the Brith / American word li Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 6 69)Here's to another 25 years of Happy birthday to youl happily married life! We were in the same class at primary school and it's fen years since we've seen each othen 1b Complete the sentences using the words in the box. organization gang club party society team 1. |. go to photography <0! - after school on Wednesdays 9 PI grap! 2 No, | don't belong to a political ... 3. There was a .. of about fen youths in leather jackets hanging around. 4 I belong to the debating .. . at school. 5. Which football... .. do you support? & Amnesty International is an .. - which defends human rights. 2a Write in the correct class description. The 1950s in Britain Case studies Which class did they belong to? Penelope Montcrieff went to a private school, She has never worked, but she owns a large country house which is open to the public, Ron Jenkins is a car mechani, He rents a flat in a London suburb, 3. Henry and June Baker met at university. Henry is a bank manager and June is a housewife. 4 Lady Fortescue is related to the Royal Family. Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 6ws eo . (F 2b Read what these people say. Then write about social /Grcourse there aresiilwooa classes in your country today. classes in Britain. IF you work with We li classless society. Britain focey is just one big gocntenda peste tong oes & fe lve ina socie! i you Wor youre mile There are the rich and the poor riddle class. But i's hard for ee lass: and iF don't work, ir and most of as are in between people from imnigrant Famiies to.) °° ‘oo oY be accepted into it 3a Complete the text using the words in the box. background drunkenness gap poor population | poverty responsibilities rich right wealth | 1900-1914 At the tum of the twentieth century, about a quarter of the ‘population. of Britain was living in - For those people, life was hard, Some of them turned to alcohol. Saturday nights. in the towns were often disturbed by and rioting, The *. tween the Seu . and the *, was enormo' Only men with some _ could vote, Women did not have the * to yore uuntil 1918 (and even then they had to be over 30); yet in 1900 there were over 200 women doctors and over 100, women dentists. They were therefore given we rane: But COUld not choose or be part of the government of the country. People from a working class ". Were expected to touch their caps if they met one of their social superiors, 3b Write about similar social changes in your country in the last century. Try to use some of the words from the box in 3a. iBGOsTIY OUrlVeca HilemanWould you describe your country as a) liberal? _b) forward-looking?) conservative? _d) other Conservative - even though ve have dabour government. 2 Would you describe your society as | a) repressive? _b) permissive?) tolerant?) other Frirly tolerant, but alco quite Violent. Which are the biggest problems in your society? Number them from 1 to 6 {5 0) sexism (2 O) violence [4) | homelessness Dyed (1 = most serious) 13) LI racism (1) drug addiction {2 |_| vandalism Compare your generation with your grandparents’. 2) Community spirit ~ stronger now or then? Among young people, stronger now. b) Easier to be an individual — now or then? Much easier now. «) Freedom of speech - more now or then? More now. d) Law and order — better now or then? Wo deference. It's just that Crimes are ref more in cur newspapers and on W. e) Generation gap between parents and children — greater now or then? Ge ‘greater ten. Gut T fer with my grandparents Twas iny parenls Sometimes! Boost Your Vocabulory 4 Unit'6ye Solve the crossword. Across > 1 4 e Ifyou are very poor, you live in ... . What was life like ... the 1960s? (2) Friends of the Earth is environmental organizetion. (2) She’s Japanese and he’s English. Their ... are different, but they get on very well. (8) lt can mean the time when you are young; it can also refer to a young man who behaves badly. (5) We're all part of the human race. You shouldn't think of them and iQ) Ave you employed part-time or ...- time? (4) Don't give in to peer-... pressure. (5) Do you belong ... a political party? (2) When there is no prejudice, you have (8) ... card is short for identity card. (2) What does the ... public think of the government's plans? (7) Write ten words and five expressions you are going to memorize. Expressions Down ¥ 13, 15 A political group, and a celebration. (5) I'm doing a project ... the environment. (2) ights and You need to know .. responsibilities. (4) The opposite of 15 Across. (10) An organization for people who share an interest. (4) Fairness in the law. (7) Are you in the 18 to 30 ... group? Then this holiday is for you! (3) The opposite of war. (5) Well done! You've reached the ... ! (3) Boost Your-Vocobulary 4unite Me7} People and politics Translate the words and phrases. Politics and geography country state empire nation border Systems of government monarchy republic democracy dictatorship police state militery rule the (Bush) administration People in politics politician Democrat (adj: democratic) Republican {adj:republicon) President Vice-President Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minisier Member of Parliament (MP) monarch emperor dictator government minister leader (of a party / country) member of a party Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Unit 7 «- weid be living in police state Political philosophies socialism / socialist copitalism / capitalist communism / communist Political groups and organizations political party the government the opposition @ coalition government Local government mayor councillor Diplomatic and civil service ombassador diplomat civil servant You can use a singular or plurcl verb after government: The government has / have failed to help the oorest in society. Politics is singular when it refers to @ subject of study or 9 career, It is plural when it relers to someone's particular beliefs or a set of ideas. Poillics is @ popular subject ot this university Politics is my life. Lot's just say that your polities are different from mine. The politics of the situation are quite complicated.Answer key 1 People and relationships Exercise 6b Porson A: romantic, socieble Perse] Porson 8: fothful, irsting 1 considerate 7 spiteful : Person C: cold, cynical 2 feithiul 9 tworfoced 3 sociable 9 unsure Fer 7 ae 4 trustworthy. 10 submissive ‘She was born in London in 1917. 5 outgoing She was brought by her grancporents. 1 2 & fronk 3 She was educated at the local grommar school, K 4 She wen! to college, bul she still lived ot home. Exercise 2 5 She left home when she was 18. Possible answers She started work at an engineering firm in 1938. 6 7. She got married in 1946 and hod hwo children, good bod sometimes good,| 8 She retired in 1977. sometimes bad | 9 She and her husband moved house in 1978, elbsciseate asreoars’ | elkeane 10 She died in 2001 selfconfidert’ | dependent | romantic faitiul Untocable | asserive 2Everyday unselfeonseious | inconsiderate reserved life helpful ivomante Exercise 10 competitive 1b aslice of cake 6 1 ajoint of meat 2d 9 ber of chocolate 7 a alump oftuter ; : 3 € @ bunch af grapes 8 | carn ofrice pee Wa 4 ¢ osqueezs oflemon juice 9h & cegmant of cconge Vises cece 5 jo pinch of sah 10.9 edrop ef mik 3 meek 5 possessive Erorciea'D 4 popvior 9 quel 5 independent 10 cad 1 bar 4 sheet 7 splictor 2 pare Sccrop @ blade Exercise 40 3 tiver 6 speck 9 blocks 1 fell out with 3 look down on } 2 gets on with 6 ll stand up for pesech 3 ‘been going out wih 7 looks up te Twisp 2pile Sstack heap —_‘S bundle Aree a Exercise 30 Exercise 4b 1 is stuck. 3 ore ripped Se tone 2is burnt / burned 6 is domoged. way sh e4; 3s smeshed / broken. Tis dented Race 4 stain Bis ecking: Sr i Seoring: 1 02, bl, 3 2.03, b2, <1 302. bl. 3 Bees 403, bl, e2 Sal, b3,<2 603, b2, cl You'll have'to call the engineer. 1 2 Throw it away and stor ogoin. Analysis: 3 Youlll have to. ge! i replaced Between 16 and 18 I's a surprise you've gol 4 Toke i to the dry cleaner's. ‘me loo his 5 You'll have to get them mended, quesiconairal You're: 5 You'll have to fake it back to the shop. opuler, but are you 7 You'll have to get zomeone to lack al it and tell you Pescercont enoceh? how much the repair will cost Between 9and 15. You relate to others well, par ompicrs ‘ond you hove just ats right Exercise 4 amount of self-confidence flooded araatiatchet n6and 8 You're sympathetic and torn @ piece of poper; a bank note - Exercise 5 erie 60 dee Seno Bie OE Person A: fall in love: be love at first sight: get engaged: 3 buaz 6 splosh, 9 pop gel married; have tose: Gt yoga ds beck vp ee Parson C: don't believe; marry, get divorced; can't stand ENE as Verunched 3 srapped 5 whirr 2iingled 4 hissed Boost Your Vocabulary 4 Answer key (a) ceemcmmemnementtmeat i