eee Seen no ny yee are often connected in series or parallel. In this section ill concentrate Seren 3.2.1 Pumps in parallel Pr eee Ce eu ke «the required flow is higher than what one single pump ‘¢ the system has variable flow requirements and when eee Cu Teo Re ee nally, pumps connected in parallel are of similar type However, the pumps can be of different size, or reac eu) have different performance cu cre Cn aa ee at is connected in ee cee acura m consi peo aun cn determined by adding the flow, which the pumps deliver eae) Poe fem with two identical pumps connected in parallel. The system's total performance curve is determined by adding Q, and Q, for every value o' Cee maar at Reet ta as Cee any Q,,.,i5 twice as big. For each value of head the flow is the Cece a eee double as for a single pump in operation: CECT er Lorr ied a °2 Fig, 321: Two pumps connected in parallel with similar petformance curveseee Figure 3.2.2 shows two different sized pumps connected in parallel. When adding Q, and a, fora given head H=H, the resulting performance curve is defined. The hatched area in figure 322 shows that PLis the only pump to supply in that specific area, because it has a higher maximum head ‘than P2. Speed-controlled pumps connected in parallel The combination of pumps connected in parallel and speed-controlled pumps is a very useful way to achieve efficient pump performance when the flow demand varies. The method is common in connection with water supply /__Fig322: Two pumps connected in paral with unequal pressure boosting systems. Later in chapter 4, we will performance curves discuss speed-controlled pumps in detail. ‘A pumping system consisting of two speed-controlled pumps with the same performance curve covers a wide performance range, see figure 3.2.3. One single pump is able to cover the required pump performance up until Q,, Above Q, both pumps have to ‘operate to meet the performance needed. If both pumps are running at the same speed the resulting pump curves look like the orange curves shown in figure 3.2.3. 4 system characteristic Please note that the duty point indicated at Q,is obtained sg 32. rwo speadcontrled pumps connected in pra (same size with one pump running at full speed. However, the The orange curve shows the performance at educed speed duty point can also be achieved when two pumps are running at reduced speed. This situation is shown in figure 3.2.4 (orange curves). The figure also compares the two situations with regard to efficiency. The duty point for ‘one single pump running at full speed results in a bad pump efficiency mainly because the duty point is located far out on the pump curve. The total efficiency is much higher when two pumps run at reduced speed, although ‘the maximum efficiency of the pumps decreases slightly at reduced speed. prepe reduced speed Even though one single pump is able to maintain the required flow and head, itis sometimes necessary due to efficiency and thus energy consumption to use both pumps at the same time. Whether to run one or two. pumps depend on the actual system characteristic and the sy 32 ope pump at fll sped compared to two Sumps at veduced pump type in question. Speed In this case the two pumps have the highest foal eficency3.2.2. Pumps connected in series Normally, pumps connected in series are used in systems where a high pressure is required. This is also the case for multistage pumps which are based on the series principle, ie, one stage equals one pump. Figure 3.25 shows the performance curve of two identical pumps connected in series. The resulting performance curve is made by marking the double head for each flow value in the system of co-ordinates. This results ina curve with the double maximum head (2H,,) and the same maximum flow (Q,,,) as each of the single pumps, Figure 3.2.6 shows two different sized pumps connected in series. The resulting performance curve is found by adding H, and H, at a given common flow 0=Q.- The hatched area in figure 3.2.6 shows that P2 is the only pump to supply in that specific area because it has a higher maximum flow than Pt. ‘As discussed in section 3.2.1, unequal pumps can be a combination of different sized pumps or of one or several speed-controlled pumps. The combination of a fixed speed pump and a speed-controlled pump connected in series is often used in systems where a high and constant pressures required, The fixed speed pump supplies the liquid to the speed-controlled pump, whose output is controlled by a pressure transmitter PT, see figure 3.2.7. QO, Oya, a Fig. 3.25: Two equal sized pumps connected in series pusP2 nly P2 willcontribute this area 0, Q Fig 32.6: Two different sized pumps connected in series Fig. 327; Equal sized fixed speed pump and speed-conttolled pump connected in series. A pressure transmitter PT together with a speed controller is making sure that the pressures constant at the outlet of F2