Coane fy Outpot data acoder Iopot dna, [Gian wet ee Figure 7.1 General Model of Spread Spectrum Digital Communication Sys em Frequency Energy 4 f ose3s714 TT] 1 | | | | ab c Lhbbbbbit Sif fe fi fs heh te Time Frequency (8) Channel assignment ©) Channel use Figure 7.2. Frequency Hopping Example‘Spread spectrum | | Bandpass | | signal! P10 ahter ooat | (2) | Demedulator | "intr 30 OO difference | wef | frequency) | | ew) \ [Peeudonoise]|_____ [Channel | [bic senree table a) 0 {PS sequence (eT) 1 oo 1441 011 0 0 0 oo 4 x InmtbinaryMESK |o0|1 sma 9 01 {0 [0 |s0 [oo 21 10 0 | {11 [1s for fo ox {30 [11 [cs [10 | Ps soquence 1 Input binary data PooOLTLTLLo11oOooooOL -ney-Hop Spread Spectrum Using MFSK (M = 4, = 2) fof fol 'PN bit stream { a ! ‘Transmitted signal C=A@B 1 1 fo] fo o of 1h vapifrog PL self oll fol sfol sfolsfoifoo dasoure TS 1 Pow tafe fa 2 igure 7.6 Example of Direct Sequence Spread SpectrumI E Binary data | Modulator |__| ' signa "| (BPSK) | ' a | Pseudonoise DS spreader | bit source (a) Transmitter DS despreader (b) Receiver Demodulator (BPSK) Figure 7.7 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum System, Bary data(a) ao data Ose © cw spreading code (a5) Figure 78 Example of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Using BPSKSignal energy A (a) Spectrum of data signal 0 (b) Spectrum of pseudonoise signalCode Message "1101" Encoded 1 1 Tht ULM Tf Tums ~ YUU TL Figure 7.10 CDMA Example(a) User's codes tea [ot at ot z 7 i User B 1 Eee peas i i wee fai fot a r i =i (b) Transmission from & Tarot databi=) Ja | aa a a etter todevord Tl ean eers aed eeg bcs Mulipbiation TPS Cer hap bor ces “Trarsmit (data bit = 1 1 Holt Receiver sodeword hf aren abea Chet oh ae Miplation Set dees obs Taam [a Hs Receiver codeword = ef Moliplnton t (@) Transmission from C, receiver attempis to recover B’s transn ission ‘Trarsmit (data it = 1) Se a 1 1 1 Reesiver codeword Ti feed Bt =I 7 tet Mukiplieation 1 1 1 ot 1 i <2 (©) Transmission from B and C, receiver attempts to recover B's tra ssmission B (cava bit = 1) 1 i = = 1 1] (éata bit = 1) 1 1 =I 1 1 (Combined signal 2 [2 2 0 2 Reeriver codeword 1 1 =I I 1 Maliplication ae [ion 2 0 2 else eos2rft) a(t) Ww Y 40 4 Li] ay) cosh) ai cD cos(2aset) cosh) Gl Figure 7.11 CDMA ina DSSS Environment: 8. | [m Output bit shit register econ () = aa st Figure 7.12 Binary Linear Feedback Shift Register Sequence Generator “ + x + 1 |e By Hy Output eS (4) Shif register implementation (b) Example with initial state of 1000, Figure 7.13 Garcuit with Shift Registers for Generating PN Sequence‘Table 72° The 15 PN Sequences Obsained From Figure 7.13a Tniial State 1000 ou on 100, 0 on qato1onn00r 101 qror0:11 030100 oto ‘0101211001001 1019 ‘tor z200@10011 not orr:o0o10011€ np cunworeio) itt ‘er100mi90i 016 on ‘n1001o0n20101 oon ‘nooo:008 m0 oo 19001001 1010121 ‘Nember of hit | Soqusmes eth Bin ewe 72 roncigen | ene e amber ofmesequencs sample polyno 2 3 n 508, = 7 7 3m a i 2 non 5 3 ‘ Dep, 7 pe T ee, = oF Ta Tarr eT | ReRR eR a 18 756 BETTE NST | Rue oO AOR, 3 as 30 lar nom,axe xte x xe et Figure 744 (+X +X?) ns RG) Period in mamber of chips (a) General ease 123456789 wisIs Mish IT— (b) Sequence length = 15 igure 715 PN Autocorrelation Function(a) Shift register implementation Sequence 1: 1111100011011101010200100101100 Sequence 2: 11111001001 10000101101010001 10, (Oghif KOR; 9o00c00111101191111101110190010, 1 shit XOR: 0000101010111 1900010100001 10001 ‘0 shift XOR: 100¢010001000101000110001101011 (by Rebuling Gold sequences Figure7.16 Example of Gerierating a Set of Gold Sequences . [DINAS8] =) 0 0 0 0 o 1 01 0 oo oo 110 Dod o 1100 oof ee oa 001 D4 . jo 1 oO bt o 4 wane oo 11d 2x2 lo 1 1 oo 4 (srs igure 7.17 Walsh Matrices,