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a. Grit Chamber
b. Bak sedimentasi I
c. Bak sedimentasi II
d. Bak filter
e. Bak penurunan kesadahan
f. Bak presipitasi
2
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Stabilization
Conditioning
Dewatering
-Gravity
-Flotation
-Centrifugation
-Chlorine
oxidation
-Lime
stabilization
-Heat treatment
-Digestion
-Chemical
-Elutriation
-Heat treatment
-Vacuum filter
-Filter press
-Belt filter
-Centrifugation
-Drying bed
Disposal
-Land
application
-Composting
-Landfilling
-Incineration
-Recalcination
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Sedimentation zone
Thickening zone
Underflow
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5.
6.
7.
8.
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1.
2.
3.
Type of sludge
Inf. solid
Conc. (%)
Thickened
solid Conc.
(%)
Hydraulic
loading
(m3/m2.d)
Solid loading
(kg/m2.d)
Solid
capture (%)
Overflow,
TSS (mg/l)
Primary
1.0-7.0
5.0-10.0
24-33
90-144
85-98
300-1000
Trickling filter
1.0-4.0
2.0-6.0
2.0-6.0
35-50
80-92
200-1000
0.2-1.5
2.0-4.0
2.0-4.0
10-35
60-85
200-1000
0.5-2.0
4.0-6.0
4.0-10.0
25-80
85-92
300-800
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A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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B.
Kedalaman Thickener
1.
2.
3.
4.
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C.
D.
1.
Struktur Influen
Struktur influen pada thickener adalah central well
(seperti pada final clarifier)
Pembuangan Lumpur
Hitung jumlah lumpur yang dihasilkan
Lumpur dihasilkan = (Lumpur masuk) x (solid capture)
2.
3.
11
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E.
Struktur Efluen
Struktur efluen pada thickener adalah pelimpah Vnotch di sekeliling bak (seperti pada final clarifier)
F. Kualitas Supernatan
1.
Hitung volume overflow dari thickener
Overflow = (Debit lumpur influen) (Debit thickened
sludge)
2.
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PENGERTIAN
13
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Filter frame
Moving end
Feed sludge
Filtrate
14
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16
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Belt pres tersusun oleh dua belt yang ditumpangkan pada roda
berputar (lihat Gambar di bawah). Belt yang terletak di bawah terbuat
dari anyaman kawat dan sangat berpori.
Conditioned
sludge
cake
17
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18
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Ada tiga zona dalam belt pres, yaitu zona gravitasi, zona
peras, dan zona pelepasan.
Lumpur yang akan diperas masuk melalui zona gravitasi,
berjalan mengikuti belt dan tertekan oleh dua belt.
Di zona peras, lumpur mengalami pemerasan air sehingga air
jatuh melewati belt bawah.
Selanjutnya masuk zona pelepasan, yaitu melalui perjalanan
zigzag agar cake dapat dilepaskan dari kedua belt untuk
kemudian dikeluarkan.
Kadar solid dalam lumpur setelah diolah dengan belt pres
adalah:
lumpur sedimentasi I: 28 - 44 %
lumpur sedimentasi I dan lumpur aktif segar: 20 - 35 %
lumpur sedimentasi I dan trickling filter: 20 - 40 %
lumpur dari digester (anaerob): 26 - 36 %
lumpur dari digester dan lumpur aktif: 12 - 18 %
19
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Filtrate
Feed
sludge
Dewater
ing
Discharge
Cake
formation
Dried
cake
20
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21
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Filter Vacuum
22
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Filter Vacuum
di mana:
2pw
Y
Rg
Y = filter yield
p = perbedaan tekanan vacuum, N/m2
w = berat kering lumpur per satuan volume filtrat, kg/m3
= ratio waktu pembentukan cake terhadap cycle time
= viskositas absolut filtrat, N.det/m2
R = resistensi spesifik dari lumpur kering, det2/kg
= cycle time, det
g = percepatan gravitasi, m/det2
23
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Outside wall
Partition wall
Sand
Gravel
Drain tile
26
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