NOTATION AND UNITS a m/s ~ velocity of sound Cpe, kJ/kgK,kJ/kmolK — ~ specific, molar heat capacity at constant p Cory kJ/kg K,kJ/kmolK — ~specific, molar heat capacity at constant v oe] kJ/kg, kJ/kmol ~ specific, molar Gibbs function (h— Ts, h— T'3) AG*, Ag? ki/kmol ~ molar Gibbs function of reaction, of formation Ah kJ/kg, kJ/kmol = specific, molar enthalpy (u + pu, d+ po) DA, Ahf— kJ/kmol ~ molar enthalpy of reaction, of formation KK quilibrium constant, of formation k kW/m K ~ thermal conductivity ii kg/kmol ~ molar mass Pp bar ~ absolute pressure Pr ~ Prandtl number (c,4/k) RR kJ/kg K,kJ/kmolK specific, molar (universal) gas constant 55 kJ/kg K,kJ/kmolK —~ specific, molar entropy T KorsC -absolute temperature (K) or Celsius temperature (°C) AT K temperature interval or difference ud kJ/kg, kJ/kmol ~ specific, molar internal energy v0 m°/kg, m?/kmol specific, molar volume (1/p, 1/9) z m ~ geometric altitude above sea level y - ~ ratio of specific heat capacities (c,/c, = ¢,/é,) x m ~ mean free path H kgims = Ns/m? ~ dynamic viscosity ¥ m?/s ~ kinematic viscosity (11/9) pp kg/m}, kmol/m? mass, molar density (1/v, 1/0) Subscripts ¢ ~refers toa property in the critical state { =refers to a property of the saturated liquid, or to a value of formation 2 — ~relers to.a property of the saturated vapour fg ~refers to.a change of phase at constant p i =refers to a property of the saturated solid 8 =refers to a saturation temperature or pressure Superscripts ~ =refers to a molar property (i.e. per unit amount-of-substance) © ~refers to a property at standard pressure p® = | bar (the superscript o is often used) JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY 0 f AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY iDR ASSISTAN ERAMBIATIONS, ce roe fox ,Saturated Water and Steam r Ps 4 hy ny h, 4 tc (bar) [m/ke] Us/ke) _ Chee KJ 001 0.006112, 206.1 or 25008 25008 oF l 0.006566 192.6 42 24983 25025 001s 9113 2 0.007054 179.9 84 24959 25043 0031 9071 3 0.007575 168.2 126 24936 ©2506. 0046 9.030 4 0.008129 1573 168 24913-25081 0061 8.989 5 0.008719 147.1 210 24889 2509.9 0.076 8.948 6 0.009346 1378 252 24866-25118 0091 8.908 7 oo1oor = 1291 294 © 24843 2513.7 0106 8 868 8 0010721210 336 24819-25155 0121 8828 9 Oona? 1134 378 24796-25174 0136 8788 10 001227 106.4 420 2477225192 1s) 8749 ut 001312 99.90 46224749 2521.1 0166 8710 2 0.01401 93.83 $04 24725 25229 0180 8671 B 001497 88.17 546 24702-25248 0195 8633 4 001597 82.89 588 24678 25266 0210 8594 15 0.01704 797 629 24055 25284 0224-8556 16 001817 73.38 67 24631 2530.2 0239-8518 7 0.01936 69.09 M13 24608 25321 0253 RABI 18 0.02063 65.08 755 24584-25339 0.268 == Raaa 19 0.02196 61.34 797 24560 25357 0.282 8.407 0.02337 57.84 839 24537-25376 0296 8370 0.02486 54.56 880 24514 2539.4 0310 8334 002642 51.49 922 24490 2541.2 0325-8297 0.02808 48.62 964 24866 25430 0339-8261 0.02982 45.92 1006 2444225448 0353-8226 0.03166 4340 | | 1048 24418-25466 0367 8190 003360 41.03, 1089 2439525484 0381 8155 0.03564 3881 W341 24372-25503 0395 8120 ‘ 003778 36.73 1173) 24348 25521 0.409 8085, 29 0.04004 3477 15} 24324 25539 0423 8050 30 0.04242 3293 1257 24300 2555.7 0436 8016 32 0.04754 29.57 1340 24253 2559.3, 0.464 7.948 34 0.05318 26.60 1424-24203 25629 0491 7881 36 0.05940 23.97 1807 24158 2566.5 0518 = 7814 38 0.06624 21.63 1591-24110 2570.1 05457749 40 0.07375 19.55 1675 24062 2573.7 0572 7.684 a2 0.08198 17.69 1758 = 24014 = 2577.2 0599-7620 44 0.09100 16.03 184.2 23966 2580.8 0625-7557 46 0.1009 14.56 1925 23918 25843 0651 7.494 48 O16 1323 2009 23870 2587.9 0678 7433 50 0.1233 1204 2093 23821-25914 0704 7371 55 0.1574 9.578 230.2 23701 26003 0.768 = 7223 60 0.1992 7628 2511 23579 2609.0 0831 7.078 65 0.2501 6201 2720 © 23457-26177 0893 6937 70 0316 5.045 2930 23333 2626.3 0955 6800 15 0.3855 4133 3139 23208 26347 L015 6666 80 0.4736 3.408 3349 2308.3 2643.2 1075 6536 85 0.5780 2.828 3559 22956 2651.5 1134 6410 90 0.7011 2361 3769 22828 2659.7 1192 6.286 95 0.8453 1.982 3980 2269.8 2667.8 1250 6166 1.673 419.1 2256.7 2675.8 1307 6048 100 1.01325, } wand s are chosen to be zero for saturated liquid at the triple point Note: values of v, can be found on p. 10p rh oy uy 4, hy hip [bar] CC] (me) (jee) (ki/ke) 0.006112 0.01 206.1 Of 2375 O° 2501 2501 0.010 7.0 129.2 29 2385 29 2485 2514 0.015 13.0 87.98 5S 2393 55 2470 = 2525 0.020 175 67.01 73 2399 73 2460 2533 0.025 aut 54.26 88 2403 88 2451 2539 0.030 241 45.67 101 2408 10! 2444 2545 0.035 26.7 39.48 m2 2412 Wd 2438 2550 0.040 29.0 34.80 120 2415 1 2433 2554 0.045 31.0 3hl4 130 2418 130-2428 2558 0.050 32.9 28.20 138 2420 138 2423 2561 0.055 346 25.77 14s 2422 145 2419 2564 0.060 36.2 23.74 152 2425 152 24158 2567 0.065 377 22.02 158 2427 158 2412 2570 0.070 39.0 20.53 163 2428 163 2409 2572 0.075 40.3 19.24 169 2430 169 2405 2574 0.080 41s 18.10 174 2432 174 2402 2576 0.085 427 17.10 179 2434 179 2400 2579 9.090 438 16.20 183 2435 183 2397-2580 40.095 44.8 1540 188 2436 188 2394 2582 0.100 458 14.67 192 2437 192 2392-2584 O12 994 1236 207 2442 207 2383-2590 O14 526 10.69 220 2446 220 2376 2596 0.16 553 9.432 232 2450 232 2369 2601 O18 S78 8.444 242 2453 242 2363 2605 0.20 60.1 7.648 251 2456 251 2358 2609 0.22 62.2 6.994 260 2459 260 2353 2613 0.24 64.1 6.445 268 2461 268 2348 2616 0.26 659 5.979 276 2464 276 2343-2619 0.28 675 5.578 283 2466 283 2339 = 2622 030 69.1 5.228 289 2468 289 2336 © 2625 032 70.6 4921 295 2470 295 2332 2627 0.34 720 4.649 302 2472 302 2328 2630 0.36 73.4 4.407 307 2473 307 2325 2632 0.38 747 4.189 312 2475 312 2322 2634 0.40 75.9 3.992 318 2476 318-2318 2636 0.42 71 3814 323 2478 323 2315 2638 0.44 78.2 3651 327 2479 327 2313 2640 0.46 79.3 3.502 332 2481 332 2310 2642 0.48 803 3366 336 2482 336 2308 = 2644 0.50 813 3.239 340 2483 340 2305 2645 055 83.7 2.964 350 2486 351 2298 2649 0.60 86.0 2731 360 2489 360 2293 2653 0.65 88.0 2.535 369 2492 369 2288 2657 0.70 90.0 2.364 377 2494 377 2283 2660 075 O18 2.217 384 2496 384 2278 = 2662 0.80 935 2.087 392 2498 392 2273 2665 085 95.2 1.972 399 2500 3992269 2668 0.90 96.7 1.869 405 2502 405 2266 2671 095 98.2 1.777 4iL 2504 ail 2262 2673 1.00 996 1.694 4i7 2506 47 2258 2675 a er) 4, LPEN] m (kJ I [edhe] (kia) (bar) Tm] * Emme) * [ke |” TIN] (iis) = ge 112 x x10? = 2 {ar} * fim3jkaq * 10° = 9.006112 x 0.0010002 « 10° = 0.0006112Saturated Water and Steam qr 4 yy (bae] FC) fmke) (hike) 10 996 1.694 417 2506 1.303 7359 ins 1023 1.549 429-2510 1333 7327 12 1048 1.428 4392512 1361 7298 13 107.1 1325 449° D315 1.387, 7271 14 109.3 1.236 458 2517 14 7246 1S Mia 1159 467-2519 1434 7.223 16 1133 1091 475 2521 1.455 7.202 Ww W520 1.031 483-2524 1475 7182 18 1169 0.9774 49) 2526 1.494 7.163 19 1186 0.9292 498-2528 1513 7145, 20 120.2 0.8856 SOS 25H 1.530 727 21 1218 08461 SI 2531 1547 TA 22° 1233 08100 S18 2533 1.563 7.096 23 124.7 0.7770 5242534 1578 7.081 24 1261 0.7466 330 2536 1.593 7.067 25 1274 0.7186 $35 2537 1.607 7.053 26 1287 0.6927 S41 2539, 1621 7.040 27° 130.0 0.6686 546 2540, 1.634 7.027 28 131.2 06462 SS 1.647 7015 29 1324 06253 556, 1.660 7.004 30 1335 0.6057 361 1.672 6993 35 1389 05241 584 1727 6941 40 1436 0.4623 605 1.776 6.897 45° 1479 0.4139 623 1.820 6.857 50 1518 0.3748 639 2562 1.860 6.822 55 1555 03427 655 2565 1.897 6.790 6 1588 0.3156 669 2568 1931 6.761 7 1650 0.2728 696 2573 1.992 6.709 8 170.4 0.2403 720-2577 2.046 6.663 9 1754 0.2149 742-2581 2.094 6623 10 1799 0.1944 762 2584 2.138 6586 uw 184.1 0.1774 730-2586 2179 6.554 n 188.0 0.1632 197 2588 2216 6.523 3 1916 0.1512 813° 2590 2.251 6.495 14 1950 0.1408 828 2593 2.284 eee) 1s 1983) 01317 843-2595, 2318 6.445 16 201.4 0.1237 857-2596 2344 6.422 7 2043) 0.1167 870 2597 2372 6.400 18 2071 0.1104 883 2598 2.398 6.379 19, 209.8 0.1047 895 2599. 2.423 6.359 20 2124 0.09957 907 2600 2.447 6.340 22 217.2 0.09069 928 2601 2492 6.305, 24 221.8 0.08323 949 2602 2.534 6.272 26 2260 0.07689 969 2603 2574 6.242 28 230.0 0.07142 988 2603 2611 6.213 30 2338 0.06665 1004 2603 2.645 6.186 32 2374 0.06246 1021 2603 2679 6.161 M4 240.9 0.05875 1038 2603 2710 6.136 36 244.2 0.05544 1054 2602 2.740 6.13 38 247.3 0.05246 1068 2602 2.769 6.091 40 250.3 1082 2602 2.797 6.070 0.04977,Saturated W ater and Steam Pp 1, % 4 hy A [bar °C) [m*yke] Udike} Ud/ke) 40-2503 0.04977 1082 2602 108717142801 42 2532 0.04732 1097 2601 1102 1698 2800 44 256.0 0.04509 1109 2600 HIS 1683 2798 46-2588 0.04305 1123 2599 129° 1668 2797 48 2614 0.04117 1136 2598 1142 1654 2796 50-2639 0.03944 11492597 1155 16392794 55 2699 0.03563 1178-2594 1185 1605 2790 60 2756 = 0.03244 1206 2590 1214 1570 2784 65 2808 ©—.0.02972 1232 2586 1241 15382779 70 © 2858 © 0.02737 1258 2581 1267 1505 2772 75 2905 0.02532 1283 2576 1293 1473 2766 80 2950 0.02352 1306-2570 1317 14412758 85 2992 0.02192 1329 2565 1341 14102751 90 3033 0.02048 1351 2539 136413792743 95° 3072 0.01919 1372 2552 1386 13482734 1003110 0.01802 1393 2545 140813172725 105-3146 0.01696 14142537 142912862715 10 3180 0.01598 14342529 3450 1255 2705 11S 321.4 0,01508 14542522 147112242695 120 3246 = 0.01426 14732514 1491 11942685 1253278 0.01349 14922505 ISI 1163 2674 130-3308 = 0.01278 1511 2496 1531 1131 2662 1353338 001211 1530 2487 1551 1099 2650 140-3366 = 001149 1548 2477 1571 1067 2638 1453394 0.01090 1567 2467 1591 1034 2625, 150 3421 0.01035 1585 2456 1610 1001 2611 155 3448 0.00982 1604 2445, 1630 967-2597 160 347.3 0,00932 1623 2433 1650 932-2582 165 3498 0.00884 1641 2420 1670 895 2565 170-3523 0,00838 1660 2406 1690 8582548 1753546 0.00794 1679 2391 171 8192530 180-3870 0.00751 1699 2375, 17327782510 18S 359.2 0,00709 1719 2358 17547352489 190 361.4 = 0.00668 1740 2339 17776892466 195 3636 0.00627 19622318 1801 639-2440 2003657 0.00585 1786 2294 18275842411 202 366 0.00569 1796 2283 1838 560-2398 204 367.4 0.00552 1806 3271 18495352384 206 368.2 (0.00534 18172259 1861 508 2369 208 = 369.0 0.00517 1829 2245 1874 479-2353 210 3698 0.00498 1842 2231 18894472336 212 3706 =~ 0.00479 1856 1904412 2143714 0.00458 18712196 1921373 216 3721 0,00436 18882174 1940 328 218 3729 0.00409 19M 2146 1965 270 220° 373.7 0.00368 1949 2097 2008 170 221.2 37415 0.00317 2014 2084 0Superheated Steamt . pitbar) 250-300-400 500 (TPC) * ” 0 2737 2812 2969 3132 2978 3077 3280 3489 v, 206.1 v 2439 95 3573 3950 4328 508.3 5838 0.006112 uy, 2375 w 2446 2589 2662 2737 2812 2969 3132 (0.01) A, 2501 h 2595, 2784 2880 2978 3077 3280 3449 S, 9.155 s 9.468 9978 10.193 10.390 10.571 10.897) 11187 by 129.2 6 1491 1953-2184 2414 2645 H10.7 3568 0.01 uy 2385 uw 2446 2589 2662 2737 2812 2969 3432 (7.0) A, 2514 h 2595 2784 2880, 2978 3077 3280, +3489) sy 8974 y 9241 97S 9966 10.163 10344 10670 10960 v, 28.20 v 29.78 39.04 43.66 4828 S290 6213 7136 0.05 u, 2420 w 2445 2737 2812 2969 3132 (32.9) hy 2561 h 2594 2978 3077 3280 3489 5, 8394 s 8.496 9.420 9601 9927 10.217 v 1467 1487 2414 2645 31.06 3568 Or u, 2437 uw 2443 2136 2812 2969 3132 (458) ne 584 h 2592 3977 3077-43280. -3489, Sy 8.149 s 8173 9.100, 9.281 9.607 9897, 0, 3239 t 4821 5,284 6209 7.134 05S u, 2483 uw 2735 2812 2969 3132 (813) he 2645 h 2976 307632793489 s, 7.593 s 8.355 8.537 8864 91S4 vu, 2.217 t 32 35921 4.138 4.785 075 uh 2496 0 27348112969 3132 (91.8) Ah, 2662 h 2975, 3075 3279 3489 sf 7456 s 8167 8349 8676 8.967 v, 1.694 e 2.406 2.639 3103 3.565 t u, 2506 w 2734 28th 2968 313 (99.6) A, 2675 hh 2975 3075, 3278 3488 s, 7.359 Ss 8.033 8215 8543 8.834 v, 1.673 v 2.375 2.604 3.062 3519 1.01325 u, 2506 uw 234 2811 2968, 3a (1000) | he 2676 h 2 3975 307332783488 s, 7355 5 7.608 7.828 8.027 8.209, 8537 8.828 1159 ¢ 1286 1.443 1.601 1.757 -2067 2.376 15 uy 2519 uw 2580 2656 2733 2809 2967 33 (iia he 2693 h 397), -9873 2973. «3073«3277— 348 sy 7.223 5 7420 7.643 7843 8027 8355 8.646 v, 0.8856 v 0.9602 1.081 1199 1316 1.549 1781 2 u, 2530 uw 3578 2655 2731 2809 2967 Su3t (120.2) h, 2707 hh 2770 2871 2971 3072 3277 3487 S$, 7.127 s 7280 7507) «7.708 «= 7.892, 8221 BSI v, 0.6057 v 0.6342 0.7166 0.7965 08754 1.031 1.187 3 u, 2544 u 2372 2651 2729 2807 2966 3130 (133.5) A, 2725 h 2762 2866, 2968 3070 3275 3486 5, 6.993 Ss 2.078 7312 TSW 7.702 8.032 8.324 v, 0.4623 fm kg] 710 0.5345 0.5953 0.6549 0.7725 08893 4 u, 2554 u/[kJ/ke) 2565 2648 2727 2805 2965, 3129 (143.6) h, 2739 Aj{kI/ke)} 2753 2862 2965 3067 3274 3485 sy 6897 | s/[ki/keK} 6929 7172-7379 T3686 «7898 B19 + The entries in all tables are regarded as pure numbers and therefore the symbols for the physical quantities should be divided by the appropriate units as shown for the entries at p/[bar]= 4. Because of lack of space, this has not been done consistently in the superheat and supercritical tables on pp. 6-9 and in the tables on pp. 1 and 23Superheated Steam* pitbar] T 499 250-300-2350. 400450, 500600 (rire) ta _ a 0.3748 v 0.4252 0.4745 0.5226 0.5701 0.6172 0.6641 7108 0.8040 5S 2562 u 2644 2725 2804 2883 2963 3045 3129 3300 (151.8) h, 2749 h 2857 2962 3065 3168 3272 3377 3484 3702 Sy 6.822 Ss 7.060 7271 7.460 7.633 7.793 7944 8.087 8351 Yy 0.3156 v 0.3522 0.3940 0.4344 0.4743 05136 0.5528 0.5919 0.6697 6 uy 2568 wu 2640 2722 2801 2881 2962 3044 3128 3299 (158.8) hy 2757 Ah 2851 2958 3062 3166 3270 3376 3483 3701 Sy 6761 Ss 6.968 7.182 7373 7546, 7.707 7.858 8.001 8.267 yy 0.2728 v 0.3001 0.3364 0.3714 0.4058 0.4397 0.4734 0.5069 05737 7 uy 2573 u 2636 2720 2800 280 2961 3043 3127 3298 (165.0) A, 2764 h 2846 2955 3060 3164 3269 3374 +3482 3700, 5, 6.709 ss 6888 «7.106 7.298» 7.473 7.634 71786 7.929 8195 Y 0.2403 e 0.2610 0.2933 0.3242 0.3544 0.3842 04138 0.4432 0.5018 8 uy 2577 u 2631 2716 2798 2878 2960 3042 3126 3298 (170.4) hy 2769 h 2840 2951 3057 3162 3267 3373 3481 3699 Sy 6.663 S 6.817 7.040 7.233 7.409, 7571 7.723 7866, 8.132 vy 0.2149 v 0.2305 0.2597 0.2874 0.3144 03410 0.3674 0.3937 0.4458 9 uy 2581 u 2628 27114 2796 2877 2959 3041 3126 3298 (175.4) hy 2774 h 2835 2948 3055 3160 3266 3372 3480 3699 Se 6.623 Ss 6.753 6.980 7176 7.352 7515S 7.667 78 8077 v, 0.1944 vw 0.2061 ae 0.2580 0.2825 0.3065 0.3303 04540 0.4010 10 u, 2584 u 2623 TD 2794 2875 2957 3040 3124 3297 (179.9) Us 2778 h 2829 2944 3052 3188 | 3264 3370 3478 3698 4s 6.586 s 6.695 6.926 7124 7.301 7.464 7617 7761 8.028 % 0.1317 v 0.1324 0.1520 0.1697 0.1865 0.2029 0.2191 0.2351 0.2667 15 uy 2595 u 2597 2697 2784 2868 2952 3035 3120 3294 (198.3) hy 2792 A 2796 2925 3039 3148 3256 3364 3473 3094 Se 6.445 Ss 6.452 671i 6.919 7.102 7.268 7.423 7.569 7.838 vy 0.0996 v OAS 0.1255 0.1386 O.1SIT 0.1634 0.1756 0.1995 20 uy 2600 u 2681 2774 2861 2946 3030 316 3291 (212.4) hy 2799 h 2904 3025 3138 3248 3357, 3467 3690 Sy 6.340 s 6.547 6.768 6.957 7126 7.283 7431 7.701 vy 0.0666 v 0.0706 0.0812 0.0905 0.0993 0.1078 0.1161 0.1324 30 uy 2603 uw 2646 2751 2845 2933 3020 3108 3285 (233.8) Ay 2803 h 2858 2995 Bui? 3231 3343 3456 3682 5 6 186 Ss 6.289 6.541 6744 6.921 7.082 7.233 7.507 uy 0.0498 v 0.0588 0.0664 0.0733 0.0800 0.0864 0.0988 40 uy 2602 u 2728 2828 2921 3010 3099 32719 (250.3) hy 2801 h 2963 3094 3214 3330 3445 3674 Sp 6.070 Ss 6.364 6584 6.769 6.935 7.089 7368 YY 0.0394 v 0.0453 0.0519 0.0578 0.0632 0.0685 0.0786 50 Uy 2597 u 2700 2810 2907 3000 3090 3273 (263.9) h, 2794 h 2927 3070 3196 3316 3433 3666 Sy 5.973 S 6.212 6451 6.646, 6.818 6975 7.258 v, 0.0324 v 0.0362 0.0422 0.0473 0.0521 0.0566 0.0652 60, u, 2590 u 2670 = 2792 2893 2988, 3081 3266 (275.6) hy 2784 h 2887 3045 3177 3301 3421 3657 sy 5.890 s 6.071 6.336 © 6.541 6.719 6.879 7.166 ve 0.0274 u/[m3/kg) 0.0295 0.0352 0.0399 0.0441 0.0481 0.0556 70, uy 2581 u/(kJ/ke) 2634 2772 2879 2978 3073 3260 (285.8) Ay 2772 hi{kd/ke) 2841 3018 3158 3287 3410 3649 Lf 5.814 s/{ki/ke K) 5.934 6.231 6.448 6.632 6.796 7.088 * See footnote on p. 6.Superheated Steam* 1 (rapey rey YS aU 4254505006700 80 e, 0.02352 | 107? 2994 3.290 3428 3.625 4839 5.476 (2950) hn 2758 h 2990 306731393207 Beal 3881 sy 5.744 s 6133 6255 6364 6.463 7019 7.279 90. v, 0.02088 | r/10-? 2578 2794 2991 3173 3346 3673 4.279 4852 (303.3) hy 2743 h 2959 3042 3118 318932563385 36333874 | sy, 5679 y 6039 6171 6286 6390 6484 6657 6958 7220 100 vo, 0.01802 } flO? 2241 2453 2639 2817 3831 4353 BIO) hy, 2725 h 29% 30173097317 3624 3868 s, 5615 s 5947 6091 6213 6321 6902 7166 10 +, 0.01598 | e/10-? 1960 2.169 2350 2514 3.465 3.945 (318.0) i, 2705 h 2889 298930753153 3616 3862 sy 5553 s 5836 6019 6143 6.257 6850 7117 120 v, 001426 | w/l0-? 1719 2.265 3.159 3.605 (3246) hy 2685 h 2849 3134 3607 3856 sy 5493 5 5.162 6195 6802 7072 130 v, 0.01278 | 0"? 1509 2053 2901 3318 (3308) hy 2662 h 2804 3114 3599 3850 s, 5433 s 5.664 6.136 6758 7.030 140 v, 0.01149 | flO"? 131 1872 2679 3071 (336.6) hn 2638 h 2753 3093 3590 3843 yy 5373 s 5.539 6079 6716 6991 150 v, 0.01035 | w/10"? 1146 ina 2487 2857 (342.1) hy 2611 h 2693 3073 35813837 5, 5312 s 5.443 6023 6142 6345 6677 6954 160 v, 000932 | «/10-? 0976 1573 1702 1928 2319 2670 3473) hy, 2582 h 2617 3051 313932953573 3831 sy 5248 s 5.304 5968 6093 6301 6639 6919 170 ©, 0.00838 | v/10-? 14491576 1796 2171 2506 3523) i 2548 h 3028312 3564 3825 sy 581 s 5914 6603 6886 180 v, 0.00751 | w/10"? 1338 2039 2359 (357.0) h 2510 h 3004 35553818 sy, 5.108 5 5861 6569 6855 190 v, 000668 | «/10-? 1.238 1921 2.228 (361.4) i, 2466 h 2980) 3546 3812 s} 3027 s 5807 6536 6825 200 v, 0.00585 | v/10~?[m*yke} 11a7 1815 2110 (365.7) hy 2411 hifkl/ke) 2955, 239 3537 3806 sy 4.928 sftkivke K) 5753 3904 6142 6505 6796 210 », 0.00498 | ¥/10-? 1064 1187 1390 1.719 2.003 (369.8) hy 2336 i 2928 304) 322535283799 sy 4803 s 5.05 5699 5.859 6105 6474 6.768 220 », 0.00368 | v/10"? 0480 0825 0987 LET 1312 1632 1.906 737) hy 2178 h 23002738 = 2900 302032103519 3793 s, 4352 s 4725 5409 5643 S813 6068 6444 6.742 221.2 v, 0.00317 | t/10"? 0163 0.351 0816 0978 1.103 1.303 1.622 1.895 (37415) | he 2084 h 1637-2139 27332896 3017-3208 35183792 5, 4.406 s 3708 4.490 5398 3638 5.807 6064 6441 6.739 * See footnote on p.6 Note: linear interpolation is not accurate near the critical pointSupereritical Steam* a 350375 400425450 500,600, 700800 w0-?[m°/ke} 0163 0.249 0786 0951 1076 1275 YH) ABEL F 109 225 | yf kak] Tess 1980-2716 2885 «30093203, 3514-3790, 40055 sifkl/keK) Sioa 4470 5.369 5.616 5.790 6.050 6.430 6.729 6.988 wfo-? 0.160 0.198 0.601 0.789 0917 1.113 1412 1.662, 1890 250 | A 1625, 1850 2580 2807«« 29513165 34913774408. s 3682 4026 5142 5.474 5.677 5962 6361 6.667 69a ofl? 0.158 0419 0.650 0.786 0.980 1265 1500 F710 275 | oh Tei? 181423822718. «28903125 34683758 4032 5 3662 3985 4828 5.320 5562 5878 6296 6610 6 878 efl0"? 0.155 0.180 0530 0.674 0.868 1143 1.364 1.561 300 | fh 1610 1791-2157 2614-2823. 3084-3445 3742-4020 s 36453933 4482 5.157 Sada 5.795 6.234 6.557 6829 vf"? 0.152 0.171 211 0343 0.496 0.693 0.952 1.152 1327 350 | kh 15399 1762 -1992.2375««2673.«-2998_ 339737093997 s y6la 3875 4219-4776 5.197 5.633 6120 6.459 6.741 wf"? 0.149 0.164 0.191 0.255 0.369 0.562 0.809 09931152 400 | h 1590 174319352203. 2514_ 2906 334836773974 s 3588 3832 4119 4510 4947 5.474 6014 6.371 6.662 vf? 0.146 0.160 0181 0.219 0.291 0.463 0.698 08701016 450 | h 1583 1729 1901-2115. 2380-2813, 3299 36443951 s 3565 3.797 4056 4.368 4.740 5.320 5914 6.290 6.590 yl"? 0.144 0.156 0.173 0.201 0.249 0.388 0.611 0.772 0.908 soo | 1s77 1717. 1879-2064 2288-2722, 324936123928 s 3544-3768 4009 4.279 4.594 5.176 5821 6.214 6524 w/o"? 0.143 0.153 0.168 0.190 0.224 0.334 0540 0.693 0820 sso | of 1577 1709 1862 203022272641 3200-3579 3905 s 3525 3742-3971 4.218 4494 5047 5731 6144 6.462 wil? O14 0151 0.164 0.182 0.209 0.295 0.483 0.627 O77 600 | h 1568 1702-«WR48_—=«-200S-—=«2184— 25713152, 3548 38K s 3506 3718 3939 4.168 4.419 4937 5648 6077 6.405 v/l0-? 0.139 0.148 0.160 0.176 0.198 0.267 0.436 0572 0.685 650 | oh 1565 1696.:1837 «1986-2151 251431063517 3860, s F489 3.697 3910 4.128 4.360 4845 S568 6014 6352 vf"? 0138 0.146 0157 0.171 0.189 0.247 0397 0.526 0.633 700 | A Tél 1691.-1829-«197L—-2127 2468 3062 34863839 s 3473 3678 3886 4093 4.312 4.769 5.494 5.955 6300 nflom? 0.137 0.145 0.154 0.167 0.183 0.231 0.365 0.486 0587 730 | T3590 1687-1821. —1958-2107 24313021, 3456 NBL? s 3459 3659-3863 4064 4.272 4.705 5.425 5.899 6.252 w/o"? 0136 0.143 0.152 0.163 0.178 0219 0338 0.452 0.548 800 | h 135), 1684-1815 1948 2091 2400-2983, 34283797 s Sasa 3642 3842 4037 4.237 4.651 5361 S845 6206 nf"? 0133 0.140 0.148 0.158 0.169 0.202 0.296 0.396 0.484 900 | oh 1554 1678 180519322066 2916 33733756 s 3418 3.612 3805 3.991 4.179 5248 5.746 6.120 ufo"? 0.131 0.138 0.145 0.153 0.163 0.189 0.267 0.354 0434 1000 | kh Tso) 1674 —«1798.—«1920-««-204B_—««7319 BHO 33243718 s Pyoa 3584 3.773391 4.13) 4.493 S153 5.656 6047 * See footnote on p. 6Further Properties of Water and Steam r i nm | rq [bar] 10° [m5 10-*fky/ms} | 10°"fkW/mKy | (Prk (Pry 001 — 0.006112 0.10002 1752 849 | 369163 1296 097 3 0.008719 0.10001 1301 8.66 | 578 16.7 1092 0.96 10 001227 0.10003 1300-883 | 587171 929 0.96 1s 0.01704 0.10010 136-900 | 395175 799 096 20 0.02337 0.10018 1002 918 | 603 179 695 0.96 25 0.03166 0.10030 890 935 | 6 183 6.09 0.96 30 004242 0.10044 19795? | 618 187 539 0.96 35 0.056220 10060 18 970 | 628191 480 0.96 40 007375 0.10079 651 987 | 632 195 4.30 096 45 0.09582 0.10099 394100 | 638199 389 0.95 50 01233 o1012 544 10.2 643 204 3.54 0.95 55 0.1574 = 0.1015 sor 104 648 208 323 095 60 01992 1017 463 106 653212 297 095 65 02501 0.1020 430107 638216 274 095 70 03116 = 0.1023, 400 109 662-220 253 096 75 03855 0.1026 374d 666 22.5 236 096 80 04736 = 0.1029 313 610-229 220 096 85 05780 0.1032 3300 11d 673233 206 0.96 90 07011 0.1036 3d 676 238 1.94 096 95 08453 0.1040 2941 678 243 183 097 100 1.01325 0.1044 9 41 681 248 173, 097 105 1.208 0.1048 265 1 683253 1.64 0.98 110 1.433 0.1052 257124 684958 156 099 1s 1.691 0.1056 241 126 686-263 149 099 120 1.985 0.1060 230 128 | 687 268 142 1.00 125 2321 0.1065 220130 687273 136 101 130 2701 0.1070 2 132 688 278 131 102 135 3131 0.1075 203 134 688 283 126 103 140 3614 0.1080 195135 688-288 122 10a 145 4155 108s 188137 687-294 118 105 150 4.760 0.1091 181139 687 300 Lia 107 160 6181 0.1102 169 142 6843 107 1.09 170 7.920 ounta 139 146 681 326 102112 180 10.03, 0.1128 149150 676 341 097 115 1901255 o1a2 Map 153 671357 094 118 200 15.55 1157 134 15.7 665 375 091 1.22 210-1908 0.1173 127160 657394 088 1.25 220 23:20 0.1190 1 163 648415 086 1.28 230-2798 0.1209 116 167 639439 085 131 240° 33.48 0.1229 mean 628 46.5 O84 1.35 250 39.78 0.1251 17 175 616 495 085 139 260 46.94 0.1276 103179 603 528 085 1.43 270 55.05 0.1302 99 183 589 566 086 147 280 64.19 0.1332 96 188 574 61.0 088 1.53 290 74.45 0.1366 93193 558 66.0 090 160 300-8592 0.1404 90 19.8 541720 094 170 3201129 01499 340 146.1 0.1639 | 360 186.7 0.1894 370-2105 0.2225 | 3741S 221.2 0317 | The values for saturated water can be used with good accuracy above saturation pressure. The values for saturated steam can be used with only moderate accuracy below saturation pressure at temperatures greater than 200°C.General Information for H,0 Triple point: Thermodynamic temperature (bY definition) = 273.16 K S 001°C 5 491.688 R = 32.018 °F hence 0°C 2 273.15K, 0°F = 459.67 R, 32°F = 491 67R) Gas constant: R = Rit = 8.3145/18.015 = 0.4615 kJ/kek Compressed Water* TPC] 001 100 200 250 300 350 374.15 p pon6i2 1.01325 «1555 39.78 83.98 1654-2212 pilbar vi/10-? 0.1000 Ooss 01157 0.1251 0.1404 ONT 0317 cree) | hs 0 419 852 1086 1345 1671 2084 5 0 1.307 Sor 27933255 3.779 4.430 100 (v— v0"? — 0.0005 = 0.0006 = 0.0009 —00011 ~0.0007 Gio) — | (hh) +10 47 +4 0 - (s—5) 6900 0.008 0013-0014 — 0.007 221.2 (y-ujo-? 00011 9.0012 ~ 0.0020 9.0029 -0.0051 —0.0107 0 (374.15) | (h—h)) +22 +11 +9 +1 -12 —34 0 (ss) +0.001 M7 Loosr 0040-0053 —0.071 0 (o- vpflo7? —0.0023 ~ 0.0024 — 00042 0.0064 00117 -0.0298 0.161 500 (h=hy) +49 +38 +33 +8 -21 ~94 369 ) 0000 00037-0068 0.091 = 0.134 -0.235 0.670 (o—vyfto-? —0.0044 0.0044 0.0075 oor 0.0191 ~0.0427 = 0.180 1000 th-hy) +96 +16 +51 +28 -11 =119 415 ) +307 «0070 = 0.124 0164 = 0235 —0385 —0.853 TO __ tba) ~tedike) ikdkeK) 0.01 0.006112 T3335 23747 | — 333.5 25008 1221 9.155 —10 0.002598 73542 23608 | -3542 24822 1298 9.481 =29 0.001038 ISAT 53a68 | 3741 24636 | — 1373 9830 —30 0,0003809 3955 23329 | — 3933 2aa5.1 | — 1452 1037) Tang 23190 | ~4118 2426.6 = 40 0.001288 — 1,530 10.644 Isentropic Expansion of Steam— Approximate Relations Wet equilibrium expansion. po" = constant, with n = 1.035 +0.1x, for steam with an initial dryness fraction 0.7 < x; < 10 Superheated and supersaturated expansion pu" = constant and p/T""” 1) = constant, with n = I 3 (ah) ( hy er" Enthalpy drop “22 = (= — 1943 )] (7 - PY OP Tyke} (fake) / Lr Specific volume of supersaturated steam P v , 03 h Poy yg ra __ bar] * fm°/kel * °3 (cael 1983) nMercury ~ Hg q % hy Ig hy % Me % CC) tre) (hike) Kiike K] 0.0006. 109.2 259.6 15.13 297.20 31233 0.0466 0.7774 08240 0.0007 112.3, 224.3 15.55, 297.14 31269 00477 0.7709 08186 0.0008 1150 197.7 15.93 297.09 313.02 0.0487 07634 O8i4l 0.0009 Was 176.8 16.27 297.04 333n 0.0496 0.7604 0.8100 0.0010 19.7 160.1 16.58 297.00 313.58 0.0503 07560 0.8063 0.002 134.9 83.18 18.67 296.71 315.38, 0.0556 0.7271 0.7827 0.004 ISLS 43.29 20.93 296.40, 31733 0.0610 0.6981 07591 0.006, 1618 29.57 22.33 296.21 BIB 54 0.0643, 06811 07454 0.008 169.4 22.57 2337 296.06 319.43 0.0666 0.6690. 0.7356, 0.010 175.5 18.31 24.21 295.95 0.0685, 0.6596 0.7281 0.02 195.6 9.570 26.94 295.57 }22.5 0.0744 0.6305 0.7049, 0.04 2177 5.013 29.92 295.15 325.07 0.0806 06013 0.6819 0.06 2316 3.438 3B 294.89 326.70 0.0843 0.5842 0.6685 0.08 242.0 2.632 3321 294.70, 32791 0.0870 0.5721 0.6591 0.10 250.3 2.140 3433 294.54 32887 | = 0.0892 0.5627 06519 0.2 278.1 1.128 38.05 294.02 332.07 0.0961 05334 0.6295 04 309.1 0.5942 4221 293.43 335.64 0.1034 0.5039 0.6073, 06 329.0 04113 44.85 293.06 33791 0.1078 0.4869 05947 08 3439 03163 46.84 292.78 339.62 O10 0.4745, 0.5855 1 356.1 0.2581 48.45 292.55 341.00 0.4649 0.5785 2 397.1 0.1377 53.87 291.77 345.64 0.4353, 05571 3 4238 0.09551 57.38 291.27 348.65 0.4179 05447 4 444.) 0.07378 60.03 290.89, 350.92 0.4056 0.5361 5 460.7 0.06044, 62.20 290.58 352.78 0.3960 05294 6 4749 0.05137 64.06, 290.31 354.37 0.3881 0.5240 7 487.3 0.04479 65.66 290.08 355.74 0.3815 0.5195, 8 498.4 0.03978, 6711 289.87 356.98 0.3737 0515S. 9 508.5 0.03584 68.42 289.68 358.10 0.3706 OS121 10 SI7B 0.03266 69.61 289.50 359.11 0.3660 0.5089, 12 5344 0.02781 TLIS 289.19 360.94 0.3581 0.5036 14 549.0 0.02429 73.63 288.92 362.55 03514 0.4992 16. 562.0 0.02161 75.37 288.67 364.04 03456 0.4954 18 5740 0.01949 76.83 288.45, 365.28 0.3405 0.4920 20 584.9 0.01778 78.23 288,24 366.47 0.3359 0.4890 22 595.1 0.01637 79.54 288.05 367.59 0.3318 0.4864 24 604.6 0.01518 80.75 287.87 368.62 0.3280 0.4839, 26 613.5 0.01416 81.89 287.70 369.59 0.3245 0.4816 28 6220 0.01329, 82.96 287.54 370.50 03212 0.4795 30 630.0 0.01252 83.97 287.39 371.36 0.3182 0.4776 35 648.5 0.01096, 86.33 287.04 373.37 O31S 0.4734 40 665.1 0.00978, 88.43 286.73 375.16 0.3056 0.4697 45 680.3 0.00885, 90.35 286.44 376.79 0.3004 0.4664 50, 6944 0.00809, 9211 286.18 378.29 0.2958, 0.4636 55 707.4 0.00746, 93.76 285.93 379.69 0.2916 0.4610, 60 719.7 0.00693 95.30 285.70 381.00 0.2878 0.4587 65 733 0.00648 96.75 285.48 382.23 0.2842 0.4565 70 7423 0.00609 98.12 285.28 383.40 0.2809 0.4545 75 752.7 0.00575 99.42 285.08 384.50 0.2779 0.4527 hy and sy are zero at 0°C. Molar mass ri = further properties of the liquid are given on p 200.59 kg/kmol; for superheated vapour 23 Gp = 0.1036 kI)kg K;Ammonia ~ NH, (Refrigerant 717) Superheat (T= T.) Saturation Values ——— SOK 100K T a by hy sy h s h 3 CC] bar] [m'ike) (hi/ke) (hike) | Thi/ke} (KEK) | (ha/ke) (kirk K] -50 04089 2.625 444 1373.3 -0.194 6.159 14798 6592 15859 6.948 —45 05454 2.005 —223 13816 0.096 6.057 1489.3 6.486 1596.1 6839 =40 0.7177 1.552 0 1390.0 0 5.962 1498.6 6.387 1606.3 6.736 —35 0.9322 1.216 22313979 0.095 5872 15079 6293 1616.3 6.639 1.196 0.9633 447 1405.6 0.188 1517.0 6.203 1626.3 6.547 1317 0.8809 536 1408.5 1820.7 6.169 1630.3 6.512 1.447 0.8058 626 14114 15243 6.135 1634.2 6.477 1.588 0.7389 TWP 14143 15279 6.103 1638.2 6.444 1.740 0.6783 808 14173 15314 6.071 16422 6411 1,902 0.6237 898 14200 15348 6039 1646.0 6.379 0.5743 98.8 1422.7 0.404 5.593. 1938.2 6.008 1650.0 6.347 0.5296 107.9 1425.3 0.440 5569] 1541.7 5.978 16538 6.316 0.4890 1170 1427.9 0.475 $533 1545.1 5.948 1657.7 6.286 0.4521 126.2 1430.5 0.510 $504 1548.5 5.919 1661.5 6.256 0.4185 1354 14330 0.544 5.475 1551.7 S89E 1665.3 0.3879 1445 14353 0579 $447 1554.9 5.863 1669.0 0.3599 1536 14376 0613 S419 1958.2 5.836 1672.8 0.3344 1628 1439.9 0647 5392 1961.4 5.808 1676.4 03110 1720 1442.2 0.681 5365 1564.6 5.782 1680.1 0.2895 1812 14444 O7IS 5340 1867.8 5.756 1683.9 0.2699 190.4 1446.5 0.749 5314 1570.9 5731 1687.5 4.975 0.2517 199.7 14485 0.782 5.288 1574.0 5.706 1691.2 5.346 0.2351 209.1 14506 O816 5.263 1577.0 5.682 1694.9 5.736) 0.2198 2185 14525 0849 5238 1580.1 5.658 1698.4 10 6.149. 0.2056 2278 14543 0881 5213 1583.1 5.634 1702.2 12 6.3585 0.1926, 237.2 1456.1 0.914 5189 1586.0 S6l 1705.7 14 7.045 0.1805 2466 14578 0.947 5.165 1588.9 5.588 1709.1 16 7.529 0.1693, 256.0 1459.5 0979 S141 1591.7, 5.565 1712.5 18 8.035 0.1590 2655 14611 1.012 STB 1594.4, 3.543 17189 20 8570 0.1494, 2751 14626 1.044 5095 4997.2 5.521 1719.3 220 9.134 0.1405 2846 1463.9 1.076 $072, 1600.0 5.499 1722.8 24° 9722 0.1322 2941 14652 1.108 5049 1602.7 5478 17263 26 10.34 0.1245 303.7 1466.5 1.140 5.027 1605.3 5.458 1729.6, 28 10.99 O.1173, 313.4 1467.8 1.172 5.005 1608.0 5.437 17327 30: 11.67 0.1106 323.1 1468.9 1.204 4.984 1610.5, 5.417 17359 32.12.37 0.1044 3328 14699 1.235 4.962 1613.0 $397 1739.3 3413.11 0.0986, 3425 14708 1.267 4940 16154 5.378 1742.6 36 13.89 0.0931 3523 14718 1.298 4919 16178 5.358 1745.7 38 14.70 0.0880 362.1 14726 1.329 4898 1620.1 5.340 1748.7 40 1554 0.0833 3719 14733 1360 4.877 1622.4 5.321 17519 42 1642 0.0788 3818 14738 1391 4856 1624.6 5.302 1755.0 44 1734 0.0746 3918 14742 1422 4835 1626.8, 5.284 1758.0, 46 1830 0.0706 4018 14745 1453 4814 1629.0 5.266 1761.0, 48 19.29 0.0670 4119 14747 1.484 4793 1631 5.248 1764.0 50 20.33 0.0635 4g 1474.74 1515 477394 1633.1 5.230 1766.8 Critical point 7, = 152.4°C, pp = 113.0 bar Molar mass rit = 17.030 ke/kmol; further properties of the liquid are given on p. 23Dichlorodifiuoromethane ~ C Cl, (Refrigerant 12) — Superheat (T= 1.) Saturation Values eT ae ISK 30K Top 4 bk 5 5 h s h s [C) [bar] [m*/ke) (ki/ke) (kJ/kg K) (ki/ke] (kJ/keK}| (ki/ke) (Ki/keK) 100 0.0118 10.100 — 51.84 142.00 —0.2567 0.8628 148.89 0.9019 15610 0.9428 95 0.0181 6.585 4756 144.22 ~ 0.2323 0.8442 151.23 0.8830 15855 09195 90 00284 4.416 4328 146.46 = 0.2086 0.8274 153.59 0.8649 161.02 09010 85 (0.0424 3.037 — 39.00 148.73 = 0.1856 0.8122 155.98 0.8493 163.52 08851 80 0.0617 2.138 34.72 151.02 —0.1631 0.7985 158.39 0.8351 166.04 0.8706 75 0.0879 1.538 ~ 3043 153.32 —0.1412 0.7861 160.82 0.8226 16857 0.8578 70 0.1227) 1.127 — 26.13 155.63 0.1198 0.7749 163.26 0.8110 171.12 0.8459 65 0.1680 0.8412 ~2181 157.96 — 0.0988. 0.7649 165.70 0.8008 173.68 0.8355 60 0.2262 0.6379 | - 1749 160.29 | 0.0783 0.7558 | 168.15 0.7915 176.26 08259 55 02998 0.4910 1314 162.62 —0.0582 0.7475 170.60 0.7830 178.84 0.8172 50 03915 03831 878 16495 | —00384 0.7401 | 17307 0.7753 181.43 0.8093 45 0.5044 0.3027 440 167.28 0.0190 0.7335 175.54 0.7685 184.01 0.8023 40 06417 0.2419 0 169.60 0 0.7274 | 178.00 0.7623 186,60 0.7959 35 08071 0.1954 442 171.90 0.0187 0.7219 | 180.45 0.7568 189.18 0.7902 30 1.004 0.1598 886 17420 00371 0.7170 | 18290 0.7517 191.76 0.7851 25 1.237 0.1312 1333 176.48 0.0552 0.7127 185.33 0.7473 19433 0.7805 20 1.509 0.1088 17.82) 178.73, 0.0731 0.7087 187.75 0.7432 196.89 0.7764 15 1.826 0.0910 22.33 180.97 0.0906 0.7051 190.15 0.7397 199.44 0.7728 10 2191 0.0766 26.87 183.19 0.1080 0.7020 192.53 0.7365 201.97 0.7695 5 2610, 0.0650 3145 185.38 0.1251 0.6991 194.90 0.7336 204.49 0.7666 0 3086 0.0554 3605 187.53 0.1420 0.6966 197.25 0.7311 206.99 07641 5 3626 © 0.0475 40.69 189.66 0.1587 0.6943 199.56 0.7289 209.47 0.7618 10 4233 0.0409 4537 191.74 0.1752 0.6921 201.85 0.7268 211.92 0.7598 15) 4914 0.0354 50.10 193.78 0.1915 0.6901 204.10 0.7251 21435 0.7580 20 5673 0.0308 54.87 195.78 0.2078 0.6885 206.32 0.7235 216.75 0.7565 25 6516 0.0269 59.70 197.73 0.22394, 0.6869 208.500.7220 219.11 0.7552 30 7449 (0.0235 6459 199.62 0.2399° 0.6853 210.63 0.7208 221.44 07540 35 8477 0.0206 69.55 201.45 0.2559 0.6839 212.72, 0.7196 223.73) 0.7529 40 9607 = 0.0182 7459 203.20 0.2718 0.6825 214.76 0.7185 22598 0.7519 45 10.84 0.0160 7971 204.87 0.2877 0.6811 216.74 0.7175 228.18 O7511 50 12.19 0.0142 8494 206.45 0.3037 0.6797 218.64 0.7166 23033 0.7503 55 13.66 0.0125 9027 207.92 0.3197 0.6782 220.48 0.7156 23242 07496 60 15.26 ool 9574 209.26 0.3358 0.6765 222.23 0.7146 234.45 07490 65 16.99 0.00985 101.36 210.46 0.3521 0.6747 22389 0.7136 23642 0.7484 70 18.86 0.00873 10715 211.48 0.3686 0.6726 225.45 0.7125 238.32 0.7477 75 20.88 0.00772 W315) 212.29 0.3854 0.6702 22689 0.7113 240.13 0.7470 80 23.05 0.00682 119.39 212.83 0.4027 0.6673 228.21 0.7099 241.86 0.7463 85 25.38 0.00601 125.93 213.04 0.4204 0.6636 229.39 0.7084 243.50 0.7455 90 2789 0.00526 | 132.84 212.80 0.4389 0.6591 230.43 0.7067 245.03 07445 95 30.57 0.00456 140.23 211.94 0.4583 0.6531 231.30 0.7047 24647 0.7435 100 33.44 0.00390 148.32 210.12 0.4793 0.6449 231.93 0.7023 247.80 07424 105 36.51 0.00324 157.52 206.57 0.5028 0.6325 232.22 0.6994 248.97 Q7412 110 39.79 0.00246 169.55 197.99 0.5334 0.6076 23247 0.6964 250.10 0.7399 112 4405, 0.00179, 183.43 183.43 0.5690 0.5690 23280 0.6958 250.58 0.7394 Molar mass i = 120.91 kg/kmol, further properties of the liquid are given on p. 23.Tetrafluoroethane ~ CH F—CF (Refrigerant 134a) uperheat (T — T,) Saturation Values 10K 20k T Bs % | A, sr a hs h 5 [°C] [bar] m/e) [kJ/ke] [ki 7ke K] kJ/kg) [kJ/kg K]] [kJ /kg) [kJ/kg K] 103.30 0.0041 34.032 | 77.69 335.24 | 0.4453 1.9616 | 341.16 1.9955 }347.29 2.0287 ~100 0.0058 24.341 | 80.89 337.15 | 0.4640 1.9439 | 343.14 1.9776 ]349.35 2.0106 = 90 0.0155 9.5984 | 90.97 343.05 | 0.5205 1.8969 | 349.27 1.9300 | 355.70 19624 ~ 80 0.0370 4.2333 | 101.60 349.09 | 0.5770 1.8584 | 355.55 1.8910 ] 362.20 19229 ~ 10 0.0800 2.0522 | 112.70 355.25 | 0.6330 1.8270 | 361.95 1.8592 ] 368.84 1.8907 ~ 60 0.1591 1.07785} 124.23 361.48 | 0.6884 1.8015 | 368.44 1.8334 ]375.57 1.8646 ~ 50 0.2944 0.60592 | 136.14 367.76 | 0.7430 1.7809 | 374.99 1.8126 | 382.38 18436 ~ 40 0.5188 0.36089} 148.37 374.03 | 0.7965 1.7644 | 381.56 1.7960 | 389.22 1.8269 ~ 30 0.8435 0.22577 | 160.89 380.27 | 0.8490 1.7512 | 388.12 1.7828 | 396.07 1.8137 ~ 25 1.0637 0.18146] 167.25 383.37 | 08748 1.7457 | 391.38 1.7774 ]399.49 1.8082 = 20 1.3272 0.14725] 173.67 386.44 | 0.9003 1.7408 | 39463 1.7726 402.90 1.8034 — 15 1.6393 0.12055] 180.16 389.49 | 0.9256 1.7365 | 39786 1.7683 | 406.29 1.7992 = 10 2.0060 0.09949 186.71 392.51 | 09506 1.7327 | 401.07 1.7687 |409.67 1.7956 = 12.4335 0.08273] 193.32 395.49 | 0.9754 1.7294 | 404.25 17924 Of — 2.9281 0.06925} 200.00t 398.43 | 1.00007 17264 | 407.40 “17897 5 3.4966 0.05834 | 206.75 401.33 | 1.0243 1.7238 | 410.50 1.7562 |419.65 1.7874 104.1459 0.04942] 213.57 404.16 | 1.0484 1.7215 | 413.56 1.7542 |422.90 17855 1 4.8833 0.04208 | 220.46 406.93 | 1.0723 1.7194 | 416.57 1.7524 _|426.12 1.7838 205.7162 0.03599 [27743 ~A0T.OF | UVGT T1176} =AT9-52— P7508} 499-29 TTS 25 6.6525 0.03092 | 234.52 412.23 | 1.1198 1.7158 | 42241 1.7494 | 432.40 1.7813, 307.7000 0.02665 | 241.69 444.74 | 1.1434 1.7142 | 425.21 1.7482 | 435.44 1.7803 358.8672 0.02304] 248.98 417.14 | 1.1669 1.7126 | 42793 1.7470 | 438.42 1.7795 40 10.163 0.01998 | 256.38 419.41 | 1.1903 1.7109 | 43055 1.7460 | 441.32 1.7788 AS11595 0.017351 263.92 421.53 | 2138 1.7092 | 433.06 1.7449. 17781 50 13.174 0.01510] 271.61 423.47 [1.2374 17073] 435.441.7438 17775 55 14.910 0.01315] 279.46 425.20 | 1.2610 1.7081 | 437.69 1.7426 | 449.45 1.7769 60 16.812 0.01145 | 287.51 426.69 | 1.2848 1.7026 | 439.77 1.7412 | 45193 1.7762 65 18.892 0.00997 | 295.77 427.89 | 1.3088 1.6995 | 44167 1.7397 | 454.29 1.7754 70 21.161 0.00866 | 304.29 428.72 | 1.3332 1.6958 | 443.36 1.7378 |45650 1.7745, 75 23.633 0.00750} 313.13 429.09 | 1.3580 16911 | 44482 1.7356 | 45854 1.7734 80 26.323 0.00645) 322.36 428.85 | 1.3835 1.6851 | 446.01 1.7330 | 460.42 1.7721 85 29.249 0.00550} 332.16 427.77 | 1.4101 1.6771 | 446.88 1.7298 | 462.09 1.7706 90 32.433 0.00462 | 342.79 425.40 | 1.4386 1.6661 | 44740 1.7259 | 463.55 1.7687 95 35.906 0.00375 | 355.05 420.64 | 1.4709 1.6491 | 447.49 1.7212 | 464.76 1.7663 100 39.728 0.00266 | 373.53 406.93 | 1.5193 1.6088 | 44704 1.7153 |46565 1.7633 101.00 40.550 0.00196 | 389.67 389.67 | 1.5621 1.5621 | 446.84 1.7139 | 465.77 1.7626 Molar mass rm = 102.03kg/kmol; further properties of the liquid are given on p. 23 {The datum state for refrigerant properties used to be —40°C (hy = 0, sj = 0), a temperature at which 40°C = 40°F. This datum state is used here for the R717 and R12 tables. Nowadays the datum state chosen is 0°C (hy = 200kJ/ke, sr = 1.000kJ/ke K), a choice which ensures that no negative values of hy and S¢ appear in common refrigerant tables. This datum state is chosen for the R134a table I must be remembered that datum states are quite arbitrary and do not affect calculations which involve changes of properties, such as AA, 15Dry Air at Low Pressure at tatm Tr H ok (Kj ‘ 10° ‘[ke/ms] 10° *[kW/mK} 175 1401 1182 1593 0.744 2.017 200 1401 1329 1.809 0.736 1.765 0.753 225 1401 1.467 2.020 0.728 1569 0.935 250 L401 1599 2227 0.720 14nd 1132 275 1401 1725 2.428 0713 1.284 1343 300 1.400 1.846 2624 0.707 177 1.568 325 1.400 1962 2816 0701 1.086 1807 350 1398 2075 3.003 0.697 1.009, 2056 375 | 1.0106 1397 2181 3186 0692 | 0.9413, 2317 400 | 1.0135 1395 2.286 3.365 0.688 | 0.8824 2591 450 | 1.0206 1391 2485 3.710 0684 | 0.7844 3.168 500 | 1.0295 1387 2670 4041 0680 | 0.7060 3.782 550 | 1.0398 138! 2.849 4357 0.680 | 0.6418 4.439 600} 1.0511 1376 3017 4.661 0680 | 0.5883 5.128 650} 1.0629 1370 3.178 4954 0682 | 0.5430 5.853 700] 1.0750 1.364 3332 5.236 0.684 | 0.5043 6.607 750 | 1.0870 1359 3.482 5509 0687 | 0.4706 7399 800 | 1.0987 1354 3.624 5.774 0690 | 0.4412 8214 850] 11101 1349 3.763 6.030 0693 | 0.4153 9.061 900 | 1.1209 14a 3.897 6276 0.696 | 0.3922 9936 950 | 1.1313 1340 4026 6.520 0699 | 03716 1083 1000 | 114i 1336 4153 6.754 0702 | 0.3530 11.76 1050 | 1.1502 1333 4276 6.985 0704 | 0.3362 12.72 1100 | 1.1589 1329 4.396 7.209 0707 | 03209 13.70 1150 | 1.1670 1326 435i 7427 0.709 | 03069 1470 1200} 1.1746 1323 4626 7.640 om! 02941 15.73 1250} 1.1817 131 4736 7.849 O73 | 02824 16.77 1300 | 1.1884 1319 4846 8.054 O75 | 02715 1785 1350} 1.1946 1s6 | 4952 8.253 0717 | 02615 1894 1400 | 1.2005 I3ia 5.057 8.450 0719 | 02521 2006 1500 | 1.2112 iain 5.264 8831 0.722 | 0.2353 2236 1600 | 1.2207 1308 5.457 9.199 0724 | 02206 2474 1700 | 1.2293 1305 5.646 9.554 0726 | 020% 2720 1800 | 1.2370 1302 5829 9.899 0728 | 01961 29.72 1900 | 1.2440 1.300 6.008 10.233 0.730 | 0.1858 3234 2000 | 1.2505 1298 - - - 0.1765 - 2100] 1.2564 1.296 - - 0.1681 - 2200 | 1.2619 1.295 - - 0.1604 2300 | 1.2669 1.293 - - - 0.1535 - 2400 | 1.2717 1292 = - = 0.1471 2500 1.2762 1.290 ~ = o1ai2 2600 | 1.2803 1.289 - - - 0.1358 - 2700 | 1.2843 1.288 - ~ - 0.1307 - 2800 | 1.2881 1.287 : = = 0.1261 - 2900 | 1.2916 1286 = - = 01217 - 3000 | 1.2949 1.285 - - - o.41i77 - The values for air can also be used with reasonable accuracy for CO, Ny and Oy The values of the thermodynamic properties ¢, and c, on pp. 16 and 17 are those at zero pressure. The values for the gases are quite accurate over a wide range of pressure, but those for the vapours increase appreciably with pressure. The transport properties j1 and & for air are accurate over a wide range of pressure, except at such low pressures that the mean free path of the molecules 1s comparable to the distance between the solid surfaces containing the gas At high temperatures (> 1500K for air) dissociation becomes appreciable and pressure is a significant variable for both gases and vapours. the values on pp. 16nd 17 apply only 10 undissociated states 16Specific Heat Capacity ¢,/[kd/kg K]] of Some Gases and Vapours TAK) co, co Hy N, 0, HO CH, GHa GH, 175 0709 10391312 1.039 0.910.850 20831241 200 0.735 1039 1353 1.039 0.910851 2.087 1.260. 225 0.763 10391383 1.039O91t 18522121 1.316 250 0.791 1.039 1405 1.039 0.913.855.2156 13801535, 275 0819 1040 14.20 1.039 0915S 18592191 1.453651 300 0846 10401431 1.040 0918 1864 2.226 1.5358 1766 325 0871 104114381040, 0923.87) 2293 1.621 > 1.878 350 0895 1043, 14.43, 1.041 0.928 1.880 2365-709 1.987 375 0918 1.045 1446100420934 1890 2.442.799 2.095, 400 0939 1048 1448.04 0941.90) 25258912199 450 0978 1054 1450 1.049 0.956 1.926 2.703 = 2.063 2.402 500 10i4 104414511056 0.972 1.954 2889-2227 2:596 550 1046 «107514531065 0.988.984 3.074. -2378 2.782 600 1075 1.087 14.55 1.075 1.003, 2.015 3.256 25192958, 650 1102 1100-1457 1.086 1.017, 2.047 3.432, 26493126 700 1126 1.113 14.60 1.098 1.031 2.080 «3.602 2.770 3.286 730 1148 1126 146511101043 2113. 3.766 2.883 3.438 800 1168 1139-1471 .122, 1.054 2:17 3.923 2.9893. 5a 850 L187 LIS) 1477193406522 072.3088 3.717 900 120411631483 1.146 1.074 2.217, 4214 3.1803. 86 950 1.2200 1.174 1490.57 1.082 -2.252 4348 3.266 1000 1234 11851498 1.167.090 2288 4.753.347 1050 1247 1194 15.06 1.177, 1.097 -2.323 4.595 3.423 1100 12591203, 1515.87 1103-2358 4.708 3.494 1150 1270 121215251196 109239248143. 561 1200 1280 122000 15341204 LS 2.425 - 1250 1290001227 1544212, 11202-4358 TY[K} | CH. 1300 1298 1.2340 15.54 1.219125, 2.490, ——} —* *. 1350 1306-1240 1565 1.226 1.130 2.521 250 | 0850 1.308 1400 13131246 15.77 1232, 1134 -2.552, 275 | 0957 aa 1500 1326 1.257 1602, 1.244 1.143, 2.609300: || 1.060 1.656 1600 1338 1267-1623 1.254 LISD 2662325 1160 1.825 1700 13481275 16441263 NSB 2.71 350 | 1255 1979 1800 1356 1282 16642711166 2.756 375 13472109 1900 1364 1.288 1683 4.278 1.173, 2:798-— 400.sf 1.435 2.218 2000 1371 1294 17.01 1.284.181 2.836450 || 1.600 2.403 2100 13771299 1718.90 1188 2.872, 500. |-1.752—-2.608 2200 138313041735 1.395 1.195 2.908 S50 | 891 2.774 2300 1388 1308 175013001202 2.934 600 || «2.018 = 2.924 2400 1393 13117651304 1.209 2.962650 | 2134 3.12 2500 1397 131517801307 1.216 2.987700. | 2.239 3.232 2600 401 131817931 3t 1.223, 30M 750 | 2335 3.349 2700 140413211806 314 1.230 3.033, B00 | -2422 «3,465 2800 1408 13241817317 1.236— 3.053.850 | 2500 3.582 2900 Vail 1326 18.28 13201243 3.072900 | 2571 3.673 3000 14l4 1329 183913231249 3.090 3500 1427) 1339 18911333 1.276 3.163 4000 143713461939 1342 1.299 3.217 4500 14461353 198313491316 3.258, 5000 14551359 20.23.3553 1328 3.29 5500 1465 1365-2061 1.362, 13373322 6000 147613702096 1369344 3.350 The specific heats of atomic H. N and O are given with adequate accuracy by ¢, molar mass of the atomic species 2.5 Rm where iis the "0H AEWTAITA Ones OF MCRICUEIURE Kane THO LORMolar Properties of Some Gases and Vapours By definition: h = d+ pi and g = h-Ts Rand dare virtually independent of pressure and in the following will be treated as such: hence a=h-RT Sand 9are tabulated for states at the standard pressure p® = 1 bar and are denoted by 5* and g*. Atany other pressure p, Sand g at a given temperature T can be found from ~Rin(pip*) g- 9° = (hfe) - Th +RTIn(p/p") For individual gases and vapours, changes in § and g between states (P,, T,) and (p>, Ty) are given by 5-5, = 53) +57 — 504 BP Hi) = 5$ —37)-Rin(px/p.) G2- dy = 2 —93)4 93 ~ GT) FG? 91) (93 — 98) + RT; In(p2/p*)— RT, In(p,/P") For a constituent in a mixture, p, and p, must be regarded as the partial pressures in the respective states When performing calculations involving non-reacting mixtures, the datum states at which hand § are arbitrarily put equal to zero are unimportant: in the following tables they are (I bar, 298.15 K_ for hand {1 bar, 0.0K) for § The datum states are important when chemical reactions are involved ~ see p. 20 i i T [dikmol) [kifkmol) (ki/kmolK} (kI/kmol} | (KI k Carbon Dioxide (CO;) 44010 <8 Water Vapour (H,O) m= 18015 kmol kmol 9364 — 9364 0 9364] 0 =9904 ~9904 0 = 9904 = 6456 7287-17890 24346 | 100 6615-7446 15228 21843 Syara = 5077 19987 43387 | 200 “3280 494317538 = 38.356 0 =2479— 21369 63710 | 29815 02479 «18RI2.— = 56268 67-2427, 213.92 64108 | 300 63-2432, 18893 - 36616 4.008 68322522, ~ 86082 | 400 3452 126 19867 — 76017 1291679272430 — 133000 | 600 1oaos «5809-21293. = 117 260 22815 1616425741 ~ 183110] 800 17991 11340-22369 = 160960 33405-25091 269.22, 235810 | 1000 25978 «17664-23260 206620 4aaga 34507-27931 — 290680 | 1200 34476 24499-24033. = 253920 $5907 44260 «= 2RK11. ~~ 347.440 | 1400 43447-31806 24724 ~ 302.690 67580 54277-29590 ~405 860 | 1600 528aq 39541-25351 352 780 79447 64476 «30288 — 465.750 | 1800 62609 47643-25926 - 404.060 91450 74821-30921 ~ 526970 | 2000 33689 56060-26457 456.450 10357085283. «31499 ~ 589.400 | 2200 83036 64744 269.50 ~ 509.860 115790 95833 «320.30» ~ 652940 | 2400 93604 73650 «27410 =~ 364230 128080 10647032522 — 717.490 | 2600 104370 -82752«—«27R41 = 619.490 140440 117160. 329.80 ~ 782.990 | 2800 115290 92014-28245 = 675 580 152860 127920 33408 «= ~ 849.390 | 3000 126360 10142028627 ~ 732.460 165330138720 33811 916620 | 3200 137550 11095028988 ~ 7900080 177850149580. 34190 ~ 984.620 | 3400 148850 12039029331 848 390 190410 160470 345.49 1053 360 | 3600 160250 130320 29657 ~ 907390 203000 171400 34890 —1122800 | 3800 171720 14013029967 967010 315630 182370 35213. — 1192900 | 4000 183280 150020 © 30263 ~ 1027250Molar Properties of Some Gases and Vapours i i * a T i 5 [ki7kmot) (kiykmol) fki/kmolK) CkI/kmot) | [K] | [ki/kmol) (ki/kmol] (Ki/kmol kK] [ki/kmol] A ke a ke Hydrogen (H;} w= 2016 Carbon Monoxide (CO) = 28.0105-F— kmol kmol = 8468 — 8468 0 - 8468] 0 —8699 — - 8669 0 8.669 -5293 -6124 10204 — 15496 | 100 =5770 — -6601 165.74 22344 =2770 ~4433 119.33 = 26635 | 200 |. -2858 = —4521 185,92 — 40041 0 2479 130.57 — 38931 | 298.15 0 ~2479 197.54 58 898 sa 2440 130.75 — 39172 | 300 $4 2440 197.72 — 59263 2958 368 139.11 = 52684 | 400 2975 = 351 206.12 — 79475 8812 3823 15097 ~ 81769 | 600 8941 3953-21820 121980 14703-8051 159.44 ~112850 | 800 15175 8524 -227:16 ~ 166 550 20686 (12371 166.11 145.430 | 1000 21686 «13371 234.42 ~ 212740 26794-16817 171.68 —179220 } 1200 28426 «= 18449 240.56 ~ 260250 3306221422 176.51 —214050 | 1400 35338 23698 245.89 ~ 308910 39522 26219 180.82 ~ 249790 | 1600 4238429081 25059 358 560 46150 31184 184.72 — 286350 | 1800 49522-34556 254.80 — 409 110 52932 36303 188.30 — 323660 | 2000 56739 40110 258.60 ~ 460 460 59860 41569 191.60 ~361.650 | 2200 64019 45728 262.06 ~ 512520 66915 46960-19467 — 400290 | 2400 T1346 51391 26525 — 565 260 74090 $2473 197.54 ~439510 | 2600 R714 57096-26820 618610 81370 58090 = 200.23.» — 479280 | 2800 BO115 62835-27094 ~ 672530 88743 63799 = 202.78 += — 519.590 | 3000 93542 68598 273.51 726980 96199 69892 --—«-205.18 60390 3200 | 10100074391 27591 ~ 781 930 103740 75469 ~—«207.47.-«—«« 601650} 3400 | 108480 80210 278.18 837340 111360 81430—-—«-209.65-«—« 643370 | 3600} 115980 86044-28032 — 893190 119060 87469 211.73 — 685510 | 3800 123490 91900-28236 — 949 460. 126850 93589 «21373 — 728060] 4000 | 131030 9776928429 1 006120 - ke Oxygen (03) m= 31.999 Nitrogen (N;) kmot 8682-8682 0 — 8682] 0 = 8669 8669 =5778 6610 173.20 = 23098) 100 =5770 ~6601 =2866 4529 «193.38 = 41541.) 200 = 2858 = 4521 02479-20503 — 61131 | 29815 0 ~2479 54-2440 20521 «= = 61509 | 300 54 244019168 57.450 3029-297 213.76 = = 82477 | 400 2971 = 355 20007 — 77058 9247 4258 ~=—-226.35.- = 126560] 600 8891 3902-21207 — 118350 15841 9489 23581 172810 | 800 15046 839422091 ~ 161 680 22707 14302-24348. = 220770 | 1000 21460 13145-22806 206 600 29765 19788 -249.91._-— = 2701120 | 1200 28108 = 18131 234.12 — 252830 36966 25325-25545 — 320670 | 1400 34936-23296 239.38 ~ 300 190 44279 30976 = 260.34 «= — 372260 | 1600 41903 28600 244.03 ~ 348 540 51689 36723 264.70 = ~ 424770 | 1800 48982 34016 (248.19 ~ 397770 5919942571 268.65 — 478110 | 2000 soi4l 3951225197 ~ 447 800 66802 48510-27228 ~ $32210 | 2200 6337145079 255.41 — 498 540 74492 54537-27563 — 387010 | 2400 70651 50696 258.58 549 940 82274 60657-27874 — 642.440 | 2600 77981 56364261. ~ 601 950 90144 66864 «281.65 ~ 698.490 | 2800 85345 62065 264.24 654530 98098 73155 284.40. = = 755100 | 3000, 92738 = 67795 266.79 — 107 640 106130 79521 28699 812240 ]3200 | 100160 73555 269.19 ~ 161230 114230 85963 289.44 869880 | 3400 1076079339, 271.4S — 815310 122400 92467 291.78 + 928010 | 3600 115080 85149-27358 — 869 800 130630 99034-29401 ~~ 986590 | 3800 122570 90976-27560 — 924730 138910 105660 296.13. — 1.045.590 | 4000 13008096819 -277.53 — 980040,g a a so (kJ/kmol) [ki/kmol] [kJ/kmolK) [ki/kmolj [ki/kmol} [ki/kmol} [ki/kmolK) (kI/kmol] Hydroxyl (OH = 170073 *£ Nutrie Onide (NO} a \ydroxyl (OH) = i lieve Onide (NO) 5 a ~ 91 = 9171 0 - 9m] oo 9192 - 9199 0 ~ 9192 = 6138 - 6969 14948 21086} 100 =| — 6071 — 6902 17692-24963 - 2975 ~ 4638 = 17148 — 37271 | 200 2950 - 4613 19864 42678 0 - 2479 18360 © ~ Sa740} 0815 0 = 2479 21065 = 62806 54 = 2440 18378 = ssoso | 300 34 = 2440 210.84 63198 3033 - 292 19236 = — 73909] 400 3042 - 28421943, ga 729 8941 395320433 113.660 | 600 9146 4158 23878 139920 14878 8227-21287 113420 | 800 15548-8896 240.98 177240 2093312618 =~ 21962, = 198690 | 1000 2223013918 348.43 27138 1718122330 = 243200 | 1200 29121 19143254. 71 276 S40 33568 21928 230.23» 388760 | 1400 36166 24526 26014. 328030 40150 26847-23463 335250 | 1600 43321 30018 264.92 380550 46890 31924 23859 — 387580 | 1800 50559 35594 26918 433960 53760 37131-24222, 430670 | 2000 57861 41232-27303 a8 190 60752 42460 245.55 479.450] 2200 65216 46924 27653 543150 6783947885 24863 528870 | 2400 72609 52655-27978 598 780 75015 53397-25150 378890.| 2600 80036 58418 28279 635030 82266 5898525419 — 629.460 | 2800 874924211 285.48 711 860 89584 64640 256.71 ~~ — 680540 | 3000 94977 70034 28B.0H 769290 96960 70354 25409 732130 | 3200 102480 75873-29048 $2700 104390 76118 26134 784170 | 3400 11000081733 29277 gas 410 11860 8192726348 836670 | 3600 17550-87613 -29492— 94a 170 119380 8778326551 ~~ 889550 | 3800 12510093507 29696 1003360 126940 93680 26745 — 942860 | 4000 132670 99417-29890 — 1062950 ke Methane Vapour (CH) 043 8 Ethylene Vapour (CH,) 10025 — 10025 0 — 10025 | 0 10519 10519 0 ~ 10519 ~ 6699 — 7530 14939 = 21638 | 100 - 7192 ~ 8024 1x04aa 25936 3368-5031 1727-37863 | 200 3803 — $466 20385 44573 0 = 2479 18615 55499 | 298.15 0 ~ 2479 219.2 ; 67 ~ 2427 18637 55843 | 300 19-2415 21949 65767 3862 53619735 = 75038 | 400 4883-1557 23324 BaD 13129 814121588 ~~ 116400 | 600 17334 12346-28824 197610 24673 18022-23241 «161260 | 800 3284926197 28O.47_— 191520 3817929865 247.45, 209270 | 1000 50664 43350-30030 249640 5327143293 261.18 ~~ 260150 | 1200 30254 60276 31813311510 69609 57969-27376 ~~ 313660 | 1400 9119979558 433427 376780 86910 73.607 28531 369590 | 1600 113180 99878 34894 a5 120. 104960 8999429593, 477720 | 1800 135970 1101036236 16270 123600 106970 30575. ~~ 487900 | 2000 139390 14276097469 389900. The molar enthalpies of reaction, Ah°, on p. 21 are for a reference temperature of T = 298.15 K and are virtually independent of pressure. Corresponding values of Gibbs function of reaction, Ag®, may be found from values of equilibrium constant K® using the relation A -RTInk® (Suffixes P and R refer 10 products and reactants) The standard or thermod ynamic equilibrium constant is defined by Ke =[](pip")" or Ink* = SIn(py/p?) where », are the stoichiometric coefficients, those for the producis and reactants being taken as positive and negative respectively. The constant so defined is dimensionless 20Enthalpies of Reaction and Equilibrium Constants Reaction (kmol)—the values of Ah* relate 10 _ the corresponding chemical equation with amounts of bh /[kJ/kmol] substance in kilomoles at T = 298.15K (25°C) C(sol) +O, + CO, ~ 393520 CO+40,+CO, — 282990 H, +40, + H,O(vap) ~ 241830 CH,(vap) + 20; + CO, + 2H, O(vap) 802310 C,H, (vap) + 30, + 2CO, + 2H, O(vap) = 1323170 C,H (vp) + 340, + 2CO, + 3H,Olvap) — 1427860 C,H 4(vap) + 710, + 6CO, + 3H, Olvap) — 3169540 CgH evap) + 1240, ~+ 8CO, + 9H, O(vap) = $116 180 CO, +H, + CO+H,O(vap) +41:160 3H, + OH + H,O(vap) ~ 281540 4N, +40, NO +90290, 2H Hy 435980 20 +0; — 498 340 2N—+N, 945 300 At 298.15 K for H,O0 hy = 43990kJ/kmol of H,O for CoH Fy, = 33800kJ/kmol of CH, for CgHyg 4) 500kJ/kmol of CgHig InK* T | (rsolle*)' (co.Met! | (urodleco) (Puso*)! (Pro) | (Pa*) (Po, Mp") TK] | (Pudo! (coo, | (PuNlPcos) owlPu,)' (Po:)"Pw.) | (Pn)? (Po Pw 298.15, 92.207 103.762 11.554 106.329 = 34.933 164.005 186.961 367.479 300 91.604 103.057 11453 105.627 ~ 34.707 162922 185.723 365.126 400 67.321 74.669 — 7348 77.360 — 25.655 119.164 135.710 270.329 600 42.897 46.245 — 3348 48.956 ~ 16.602 75.226 85.519 175356 8000 | 30.592 32.036 — 1.444 34.670 — 12072 S335 60.319 127.753 1000) 23.162 23.528 — 0366 26.063 — 9.353 39.808 45.145 99.128 1200 18.182 17.871 os 20.307 — 7541 30.878 35.005 80011 1400 14.608, 13.841 0.767, 16.181 — 6.245 24.468 27,742 66 329 1600, 11921 10.829 1.091 13.086 = 5.273 19.637 22.285 56.055 1800 9.825 8.497 1329 10.673 ~ 4518 15.865, 18.030 48.051 2000 B45 6.634 1.510 8741 — 3912 12.840 14.622 41 645 2200 6.768 SAND 1,649 7.161 = 3417 10.358 11.827 36391 2400 5.619 3.859 1.759 5.844 — 3005 8.281 9.497 32011 2600 4647 2.800 1.847 4,730 — 2657 6517 7.521 28.304 2800 3811 1.893 1918 3.774 — 2360 5.002 5,826 ISNT 3000 3.086 1110 1.976 2.945 = 2.102 3689 4.357 22.359 3200 2.450 0.429 2.022 2.220 — 1.877 2.538 3.072 19.936 3400 1891 —0.170 2.061 1.582 = 1.679 1516 1,935 17.800 3600 1391 0.702 2.093 1.016 = 1,504 0.609 0.926 15.898, 3800, 0944 —1176 2421 0.507 = 1347 —0.202 0.019 14.198, 4000 Os41 — 1.600 2141 0.051 — 1.207 -0934 -0.796 12.660 4500 -O313 —2491 2.178 0.914 = 0.914 — 2.482 — 2,514 o4ala 5000, 0997 3.198 2.201 ~ 1.683 — 0682 —3725 —3.895 6807 $500 1561 3771 2.210 —2314 — 0.493 =4743 ~5.024 4666 6000 = 2.033 — 4.246 2.213 ~ 2.839 — 0.338 -3590 —5.963 2865 1 = Ibar = ey = + * = 0.43429 In K* pt = bar = a s5gatm (p°)! = 0.99344 atm logio K* = 0.43429 In K 2A Selection of Chemical Thermodynamic Data at p® = 1 bar and Ty = 298.15K os ee én » | ° Tke/kmol] | jki/kmol] —[kJ/kmol] In Kru [kJ/kmol K] C (graphite) 12.011 0 0 0 8.53 5.69 C (diamond) 12.011 1900 2870 ~ 1.157 6.06, 244 C (gas) 12.011 714990 669 570 ~ 270.098 20.84 158.10 CH (gas) 16.043 —74870 = 50810 20.498 35.64 186.26 Cy He (gas) 28.054 52470 68 350 -27573 42.89 219.33 CO (gas) 28.0105 = 110530 ~137 160 55.331 29:14 197.65 CO; (gas) 44.010 393520 394390 159.093, 37.13 213.80 H (gas) 1.008 217990 203 290 —82.003 20.79 114.7 Hp (gas) 2.016 0 0 0 28.84 130.68 OH (gas) 17.005 39710 35010 14.122 29.99 183.61 H;0 (liq) 18.0155 ~ 285820 ~237150 95.660 32 70.00 HO (vap) 18.0155 = 241 830 228 590 92.207 33.58 188.83, 'N (gas) 14.0065 472650 455500 183.740, 20.79 153.30 N> (gas) 28.013 0 0 0 29.21 191.61 NO (gas) 30.006, 90 290, 86.600, -34.933 29.84 210.76 O (gas) 15,9995, 249.170. 231.750 —93.481 291 161.06 Op (gas) 31,999 0 0 0 29.37 205.14 Reproduced from Rogers, G. F. C., and Mayhew, Y. R., Engineering Thermydynanics, Work and Heat Transfer (Longman, 1992)s, Vapour's and Gases” TAK] 250 300400 500 600 800-1000 Ammonia (NH) oe 452 475691 - sat liquid ’ 669 600 346 - - 95.4K wfl-® 245 14a 38 : 7 - 17.030kg/kmo! k/10-® 592 an 207 = = - R-12(CF,Cl,) & 0902 0.980 - ~ ~ = sat hiquid ° 1468 1304 - - - - = 153K w/l0"® 336 213 - - - — = 120.91 kg/kmol K0"® 868 686 - - - = R-134a (CH2F-CF)) | cp 1.297 1.426 - - - sat liquid p 1367-1200 - - - - - 1 69.85K u/l0-® 369 194 a = S - — mi = 102.03 ke/kmol K/O-® 104 83.4 - - = = - Mercury (Hg) & 0141 0139 0.370137 0.137 0.38 = liquid ° 13650 13530-13290 1305012840 12420 mp. = 2343K w/l0-® 1880 152011901010. 890780 : i = 200.59 kg/kmol k 00075 0.0081 0.0094 0.0107 0.0128 0.0137 - Potassium (K) co {kd kg K] 0710 0805 0.786 = «0.772, 0.768 0.775 liquid p/|kg/m] 860 B12 789 766 721 675 mp 3368K u/10-®\ke/m s| solid 417 319,258 179) 133 m= 39.098 kg/kmol K/\kWjm K} 0.099 0.0465 0.0454 00425-00337 0.0278 Sodium (Na) cp 11791224 1369-1318 .277 1.273.277 liquid ° 977 967921 897 872,823 714 mp 3705K w/lO-® solid solid = G10. 420320230 180 m= 22990 ke/kmol k 0135 0.135 0086 ~=— 008000740063 0.059 Sodium-Potassium 0977 0929 0.904 «0886 =—O871 0.882 22%,- 18% 869 845821 797 749 700 780467 348 277 193 146 eutectic liquid mp. 262K 00222 0.0236 0.0249 0.0262 0.0287 0.0312 Argon (Ar) oS 05203 0.5203 0.5203 0.5203 05203. 0.5203 0.5203 Tatm ? 1947 162312170974 OBIT. 0.609 0.487 m= 39.948 kg/kmol wl" 19.74 229428673375 BBR 46.71 54.21 KMO-® 15151766 2227 264l_ = 30.16 36834266 Carbon dioxide(CO,) | c, 0791 0846 093910141075, 1.169 1.234 Latm 2145 17881341073 089406700536, m= 44010 kg/kmol 1260 1499-1946 236727323381 3951 1290 1661 24753274 40.40 54646752 Helium (He) ce 5.193 5193 5.193 5.493 5.193 5.193 5.193 Latm ° 0.1951 0.1626 0.1220 0.0976 0.0813 0.0610 0.0488 = 4.003 kg/kmol wWNO-S 18.40 208025232930 33:12 4019 46.70 K/1O-& 1340 149817792026 224.7 - = Hydrogen (H,) 1405 1431 144814511455 14.69 14.98 Lat p 0.0983 0.0819 0.0614 0.0491 0.0409 0.0307 0.0246 m= 2.016 ke/kmol wlO-® 7.92 8.96 1087 = 1264 14.29 17.34 20.13 kNO-® 1561 181.7 2281-2718 3147 402.2 — Steam (HO) c, 1855 1864 1.901 1.954 2.015 2.447 2.288 low pressures woe’ 9423217329536 m= 18015kg/kmol ko 188 266 = 357 463708979 * See footnote on p. 6, ‘The properties c,, and k (and p for liquids) do not vary much with pressure; see also footnote on p. 16.International Standard Atmosphere 2 p T ‘ a i fear) s(K) aoe 10 [ms] 10° [kW/m Kk} [ms] 10 fm) 135213044 1.2631 1.207 2.661 3498 5.251 12778 30121-2067 1253 2636 3479 3.497 12070 .29791.:1522 1301 11393-2947 1.0996 1352 10748-2914 1.0489 1.405 1.01325 28815 1.0000 1.461 500 | 09586 2849-09529 1520 100 | 08988 2817 0.9075 1581 1500 | 08456 2784 08638 1646 2000 | 07950 2752-0817, | TS 2500 | 07469 2719 07812 | 1787 3000 | 07012 2687 + 0.7423 1.863 3500 | 06578 2654 0.7088 1943, 4000 | 06166 2622 0.6689 2028 4500 | 05775 2589 0.6343 217 5000 | 05405 2557 0.6012 2211 5500 | 05054 2524 05694 231 6000 | 04722 2492-05389 2416 6500 | 04408 245905096 2528 7000 | o4iil 242704817 2646 7500 | 03830 2395 0.4549 271 3000 | 03563 2362-04292 2.904 8500 | 03315 2330-04047 3.046 9000 | 03080 2297 03813 3.196 9500 | 02858 2265 0.3589 3355 10000 | 02650 2233-03376 3525 10500 | 02454 2200-03172 3.106 11000 | 02270 ©2168 02978 3.899 11500 | 02098 2167 0.2755 4213 12000 | 01940 2167 0.2546 4557 12500 | 01793 2167-02354 4930 13000 | 01858 216702176 5333 13500 | 0.1533 216.7 0.2012 5.768 14000 | 01817 2167-01860 6239 14500 | 01310 2167-01720 6.749 15000 | 01211 2167 0.1590 7.300 1sso0 | 0.1120 2167 0.1470 7.895 16000 | 0.1035 2167 0.1359 8540 16500 | 0.09572 2167-01256 | 9.237 17000 | 0.08850 216.7 0.1162 9.990 17500 | 0.08182 2167 0.1074 10.805 18000 | 007565 2167 0.09930 11.686 13500 | 0.06995 2167 + 0.09182 12.639 19000 | 005467 2167 0.08489 13.670 19500 | 0.05980 216.7 0.07850 14784 20000 | 005529 2167 0.07258 15989 22000 | 0040472186 0.05266 22201 34000 | 002972 2206 0.03832 30.743 26000 | 002188 2225 0.02797 42.439 28000 | 001616 2245 0.02047 58.405 30000 | 001197 2265 0.01503 80.134 32000 | 0.00889 0.01107 109.62 228.5 Density at sea level po = 1.2250kg/m?SI - British Conversion Factors The International System of Units (HMSO, 1986) may be consulted for the definitions of SI units, and British Standard 350 for comprehensive tables of conversion factors. Exact values are printed in bold type. 1 Mass: 1k8 = 5-geyapp37 (0 = 2.205Ib 1 o30a8 = 3.281 ft Volume: 1m? = 10? dm} (litre) = 35.31 f0 = 220.0 UK gal = 264.2 US gal Length: Im = 1 1 Time: 1s = Gjmin = 359% Temperature unit: | K = 1.8 R (see p. 1] for definitions of units and scales) 1 Force: 1 N(or ke m/s?) = 10° dyn = aanees “e" 7.233 23 = 7.233 pdl = 5 7 0f 0.2248 Ib 10.20mH,0 Pressure: p: | bar = 10° N/m? (or Pa) = 14.50 Ibf/in? = 750mmH, Specific volume v: | m3/kg = 16.02f7/Ib Density p: 1 kg/m? = 0.062 43 Ibyft? Energy: 1kJ = 10? Nm = cael = = 0.9478 Bru = 737.6ftIbf Pe TkW = IkJ/s = 10" kel He tric hy ower = 1K/S = 5 g9g gg kel™S = a05 650 78 ME NP 7376 | 350 “ 1 7457 British hp = 3412 Bru/h =73 fs = 37.6 ft Ibf/s OO Ta5 1 Specific energy ete. (4h): 1 kI/KB = 5356 Blu/lb = 0.4299 Biu/lb 1 gg Bib = 0.2388 Btu/Ib R Specific heat capacity etc. (c, R,s): kJ/kg K ‘Thermal conductivity k: 1 kW/m K = 5778 Btu/lth R Heat transfer coefficient: 1 kW/m? K = 176.1 Btu/ft? hR Dynamic viscosity 4: | kg/m s = INs/m? = 1 Pas = 10dyns/cm? (or poise) 2419 Ib/ft h = 18.67 x 10° > pdl h/ft? Kinematic viscosity v: | m?/s = 10*cm?/s (or stokes) = 38750 feyhGeneral Information Standard acceleration: g,, = 9.806 65 m/s? = 32.1740 f1/s? Standard atmospheric pressure: | atm = 1.01325 bar 760 mmHg = 10.33mH,O = 1.0332kef/em? 29.92 inHg = 33.90{tH,O = 14.696 Ibfjin? Molar (universal) gas constant: R = 8.3145 kJ/kmol Kt = 1,986 Btu/Ib-mol R = 1545 ft Ibf/lb-mol R Molar volume: & = 22.41 m3/kmol at | atm and 0°C = 359.0 f17/Ib-mol at | atm and 32° Composition of air vol. analysis Nitrogen (N,~ 28.013 kg/kmol) 0.7809 Oxygen (O,~ 31.999 kg/kmol) 0.2095 Argon (Ar — 39.948 kg/kmol) 0.0093 Carbon dioxide (CO, ~ 44.010 ke/kmol) 0.0003 Molar mass fi Specific gas constant R = 0.2871 kJ/kg K i = 28.96kg/kmol | = 0.068 56 Biu/lbR = S335/IBIIDR | See p. 16 for other properties grav. analysis 0.7553 0.2314 0.0128 0.0005 For approximate calculations with air vol. analysis N,~ 28kg/kmol 0.79 O,— 32 ke/kmol 021 N./O; 3.76 Molar mass 7 = 29kp/kmol Specific gas constant R = 0.287 kI/ke K = 0.0685 Biu/lb R = 53.3 ft Ibf/lb R c, = 1005kI/keK = 0.240 Btu/lb R 6, = O.718kI/kEK = 0.1715 Btu/lbR jlo = ¥ = 1.40 grav. analysis, 0.767 0.233 3.29 The Stefan- Boltzmann constant 0 = 56.7 x 107 !? kW/m? K* = 0.171 x 1078 Bu/ft? h R* 1 The kilomole (kmol) is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 12kg of carbon 1? The elementary molecules or atoms, ities must be specified, but for problems involving mixtures of gases and combustion they will bePRINCIPAL SOURCES National Engineering Laboratory, Steam Tables 1964 (Her Majesty's Stauionery Office 1964) (reproduced by courtesy of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office) ASHRAE Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerants and ASHRAE Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants (ASHRAE, 1969 and 1976) Hilsenrath, J , Beckett, C. W., Benedict, W.S.. Fano, L., Hoge, H. J., Masi, J. F.. Nuttall, RL, Touloukian, Y. S., and Woolley, H. W., Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases (US. N.BS Circular 564, 1955, available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Rossini, F. D., Wagman, D. D., Evans, W. H., Levine, S., and Jaffe, 1., Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties (ibid. 500, 1952) Wagman, D. D.. Selected Valued of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties (ibid . Tech. Note 270, 1965) Sheldon, L. A., Thermodynamic Properties of Mercury Vapour, Amer. Soc. Mech. Engrs, No. 49-A-30 (1949). Stull, D. R.. and Prophet, H. (eds). Janaf Thermochemical Tables, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan (U.S. G.P.O., 1971, Supplements 1974, 1975, 1978). ‘Thermodynamic Properties of KLEA 134a (ICI private communication, 1994) By the same authors Engineering Thermodynamics, Work and Heat Transfer (Longmans, 4th ed.) By H. Cohen, G. F. C. Rogers and H. 1. H. Saravanamuttoo Gas Turbine Theory (Longmans, 4th ed.) FOR USE WITH THESE TABLES Enthalpy-Entropy Diagram for Steam Prepared by D.C. Hickson and F. R. Taylor