TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

THNH PH H CH MINH
Khoa K THUT HA HC

BI TIU LUN

VT LIU NANO
Ging vin hng dn : NGUYN TRNG SN.

Nhm sinh vin thc hin:

1. V c Nam V

60903377

2. V Huy Hong

61301372

3. H Minh Trung

61304410

4. L Vn Thanh

61305051

TP.HCM 25/09/2015

LI NI U

L do chn ti ?
Vt liu Nano hin nay khng cn l mt khi nim xa l i vi mi ngi, bi v s
c mt ca chng trong cuc sng hng ngy t y t, mi trng, my tnh cho n cc
ngnh cng nghip qun s. Tt c mi th xung quanh chng ta u c s hin din
ca vt liu nano.
Qua mt s gii thiu trn y chng ta khng th ph nhn v pht l i nhng c
tnh k diu ca vt liu nano mang li. Vy ti sao chng ta-nhng con ngi trong
thi i mi-thi i khoa hc cng ngh, khng tm hiu v mt loi vt liu nh
nhng c v-vt liu nano?. Chng ti cn cho rng dy l: VUA CA MI LOI
VT LIU. y cng chnh l l do chng ti chn ti ny nhm gii thiu cho cc
bn mt cch tng quan v vt liu nano, to hng th trong hc tp v nghin cu cc
loi vt liu. Trong qu trnh nghin cu v son tho t hn khng trnh khi nhng sai
st, mong qu bn c thng cm v gp .
Trong phm vi ti ny s gii thiu cho cc bn v cc vn lin quan n vt liu
nano:
Tng quan v ngnh cng ngh Nano.
Phng php ch to.
ng dng trong thc t v k thut.
Tm quan trng v tim nng pht trin.
Trong khun kh nghin cu ti liu trn Internet, sch v, tp ch, v tham kho kin
ca cc thy c gio v lnh vc vt liu nano

I. TNG QUAN V NGNH CNG NGH NANO:

gy nay, c th ta tnh c nghe mt vi vn no hoc mt sn phm no

c lin quan n hai ch nano. khong na th k trc, y thc s l
mt vn mang nhiu s hoi nghi v tnh kh thi, nhng trong thi i ngy
nay ta c th thy c cng ngh nano tr thnh mt vn ht sc thi s v c s
quan tm nhiu hn ca cc nh khoa hc. Cc nc trn th gii hin nay ang bc
vo mt cuc chy ua mi v pht trin v ng dng cng ngh nano.
VY NANO RA I V PHT TRIN NH TH NO ?
Tin t Nano xut hin ln u tin trong ti liu khoa hc vo nm 1908, khi Lohmann
s dng n ch cc sinh vt c ng knh 200 nm. Tip theo, nm 1959, Richard
Feynman (1918-1988-gii Nobel vt l nm 1965) c d on thin ti v CNNN
thng qua bi pht biu theres plenty of room at the bottom (c rt nhiu ch trng
mit di) ti California Institute of Technology (Caltech, M). Vn ng t ra l lm
sao c th cha ton b 24 quyn Bch Khoa T in Britannica vi tng cng 25000
trang giy trn u cy kim c ng knh 1,5 mm. K thut y m ng mun ni ti
l phng php t trn xung, n l tin v l linh hn chng ta c nhng
chic my tnh to bng vi ta nh thnh nhng chic my tnh c th b balo mang i
d dng nh by gi.
Theo dng thi gian, Gordon Moore, 1 trong nhng nh sng lp ca cng ty Intel (M),
trong mt bi vit vo nm 1965 tin on bng trc gic ca mt nh khoa hc l c
mi hai nm mt ca cc transistor c nhi vo mi chip cho my vi tnh s tng
gp i nh vo k thut thu nh v c tnh ca nguyn t silicon.
Vo nm 1974, Tanigushi ln u tin s dng thut ng cng ngh nano (nano
technology) hm s lin kt cc vt liu cho k thut chnh xc trong tng lai. Hin
ti trong khoa hc, tin t nano biu th con s 10-9 m.
T chc Nanotechnology Initiative (NN) trc thuc chnh ph M nh ngha cng ngh
nano (CNNN) l bt c th g lin quan n cc cu trc c kch thc nh hn
100nm.
C th hn, CNNN l khoa hc, k thut v thao tc lin quan n cc h thng c kch
thc nano, cc h thng ny thc hin nhim v in, c, sinh, ha hoc tnh ton
c bit. Nn tng ca cng ngh ny l hin tng cc cu trc, thit b v h thng c
tnh cht, chc nng mi khi kch thc siu nh. Cu trc c bn ca CNNN bao
gm cc ht hay tinh th nano, lp nano v ng nano. Cc cu trc nano ny khc nhau
ch chng c to ra nh th no v cc nguyn t, phn t ca chng c sp xp
ra sao.

*Hng nghin cu chnh:

Trn th gii:
1.Ht nano, robot nano iu tr bnh tt trong y hc, cc loi vt liu khng khun.
2.Sn xut cc loi pin c th lu tr c nhiu nng lng.
3.S dng CNNN sn xut qun o khng khun, khng mi v bin qun o thnh
cc trm in di ng c th sc pin in thoi nh vo cc ngun nng lng gi, mt
tri
4. Ly t nhin lm hnh mu phn u. Sn xut cc thit b c bm tt nh loi
thch sung, chng dnh nh l sen
5. Sn xut cc loi thc phm nh CNNN tng hp dn cng nh gi tr dinh
dng cho cc mn n.
Ti Vit Nam:
Phng Khoa hc v Cng ngh Nano tp trung h tr v ch tr trin khai cc nghin
cu v pht trin cc cu trc vt liu mi-thng minh, vt liu c cu trc nano v linh
kin micro-nano trn c s khai thc ti a tnh lin ngnh ca cc ngnh khoa hc v
cng ngh trong trng HBKHN nh: Khoa hc v cng ngh vt liu; Khoa hc v
cng ngh ha hc; Vt l v khoa hcmy tnh; in, in t, cng ngh sinh hc v
mi trng.
1. Nghin cu tng hp v x l cc vt liu kch thc nano, cc cu trc, h thng
vt liu c cu trc nano.
2. Tin hnh cc hot ng nghin cu mang tnh di hn v khoa hc v cng ngh
nano, dn ti vic tng cng hiu bit v cc tnh cht c bn ca vt liu v cng
ngh nano, ng thi khm ph, pht hin cc hin tng mi, cc quy trnh
ch to v cc dng c phng tin phc v cho cng ngh nano.
3. Nghin cu ch to cc thit b, linh kin c kch thc nano nhm khai thc cc
tnh nng u vit ca vt liu nano.
4. ng dng v chuyn giao cng ngh cc vt liu v cc h thng c cu trc nano vo
cc ng dng c th trong cc ngnh nng lng, mi trng, y t, in t - vin thng.

Vy chng ta hy cng tm hiu xem cng ngh NANO l g v cc ng dng ca n

nh th no ?

1. Khi nim chung v c im :

Vt liu nano l g?
Vt liu nano l vt liu c t nht mt chiu kch thc Nanomet. N l i
tng nghin cu ca khoa hc v cng ngh nano. Khi ngi ta ni n nano, tc l
ni n mt phn t ca ci g . V d, mt nano giy tc l 1/1.000.000.000 giy.
Mc ch ca cng ngh nano:
Mc ch ca cng ngh nano l xy dng mt cu trc nh b nht t nhng nguyn
liu c bn trong bng tun hon ha hc v nh vy c th ch to ra nhng vt liu,
nguyn liu vi cc c tnh mi.
Cng ngh nano tm cch ly phn t n nguyn t nh lp rp ra nhng vt to kch
c bnh thng s dng, y l cch lm t nh n ln khc vi cch lm thng
thng t trn xung di, t to n nh.
Cng ngh nano m ra mt k nguyn mi trong lnh vc khoa hc k thut, c tnh
ca nguyn liu hon ton thay i khi dng nano x l.
Vi s pht trin nh hin nay, cc nh khoa hc cho rng, trong tng lai khng xa,
con ngi s ch to ra nhng chic my nano thng minh c kh nng m phng thin
nhin, lp ghp cc nguyn t, phn t v lp trnh chng thc hin theo nhng chc
nng cn thit, to ra nhng th c ch hoc tiu dit nhng cht c hi.
Phn loi vt liu nano:
V trng thi ca vt liu, ngi ta phn chia thnh ba trng thi, rn, lng v kh. Vt
liu nano c tp trung nghin cu hin nay, ch yu l vt liu rn, sau mi n
cht lng v kh. V hnh dng vt liu, ngi ta phn ra thnh cc loi sau:
Vt liu nano khng chiu (c ba chiu u c kch thc nano), v
d, m nano, ht nano...
Vt liu nano mt chiu l vt liu trong mt chiu c kch
thc nano, v d, dy nano, ng nano,...
Vt liu nano hai chiu l vt liu trong hai chiu c kch thc
nano, v d, mng mng,...
Ngoi ra cn c vt liu c cu trc nano hay nanocomposite trong ch c mt phn
ca vt liu c kch thc nm, hoc cu trc ca n c nano khng chiu, mt chiu, hai
chiu an xen ln nhau.

2. Cu to v tnh cht
Cu to v tnh cht ca vt liu nano u bt ngun t c s khoa hc ca n.
C ba c s khoa hc nghin cu cng ngh nano.
Chuyn tip t tnh cht c in n tnh cht lng t
i vi vt liu v m gm rt nhiu nguyn t, cc hiu ng lng t c trung bnh
ha vi rt nhiu nguyn t (1 m3 c khong 1012 nguyn t) v c th b qua cc
thng ging ngu nhin. Nhng cc cu trc nano c t nguyn t hn th cc tnh cht
lng t th hin r rng hn. V d mt chm lng t c th c coi nh mt i
nguyn t, n c cc mc nng lng ging nh mt nguyn t.
Hiu ng b mt
Khi vt liu c kch thc nm, cc s nguyn t nm trn b mt s chim t l
ng k so vi tng s nguyn t. Chnh v vy cc hiu ng c lin quan n b mt,
gi tt l hiu ng b mt s tr nn quan trng lm cho tnh cht ca vt liu c kch
thc nanomet khc bit so vi vt liu dng khi.
Kch thc ti hn
Cc tnh cht vt l, ha Cc tnh cht vt l, ha hc ca cc vt liu u c mt gii
hn v kch thc. Nu vt liu m nh hn kch thc ny th tnh cht ca n
hon ton b thay i. Ngi ta gi l kch thc ti hn. Vt liu nano c
tnh cht c bit l do kch thc ca n c th so snh c vi kch thc ti hn
ca cc tnh cht ca vt liu. V d: in tr ca mt kim loi tun theo nh lut
Ohm kch thc v m m ta thy hng ngy. Nu ta gim kch thc ca vt liu
xung nh hn qung ng t do trung bnh ca in t trong kim loi, m thng c
gi tr t vi n vi trm nm, th nh lut Ohm khng cn ng na. Lc in tr
ca vt c kch thc nano s tun theo cc quy tc lng t. Khng phi bt c vt
liu no c kch thc nano u c tnh cht khc bit m n ph thuc vo tnh
cht m n c nghin cu. Cc tnh cht khc nh tnh cht in, tnh cht t, tnh
cht quang v cc tnh cht ha hc khc u c di ti hn trong khong nm.

Gii thch tnh cht mi l ca vt liu nano?

t liu nano c nhng tnh cht mi l do chng kch thc nh b v

nhng kch thc ny thay i theo kch thc v hnh dng ca chng. Do
c im ca kch thc, tnh cht ca vt liu nano nm gia tnh cht
lng t ca nguyn t v tnh cht khi ca vt liu. C nhiu nguyn nhn gii
thch hin tng ny v ty thuc vo kiu vt liu. Trong cc cht bn dn n c c
do s hn ch chuyn ng ca electron trong mt khng gian nh hn so vi dng
khi. Vi nhng kim loi loi qy khi kch thc ht gim n khong vi chc nano
mt c mt s hp th mi, rt mnh t s dao ng cng hng ca cc electron trong

vng dn t b mt ca ht ny n b mt ca ht khc. S dao ng ny c mt tn s

tng ng vi vng kh bin. iu ny gi l s hp th plasmon b mt.S hp th
mnh ny sinh mt c trng mu rc r v c ng dng t th k 17 nhng thi
cha gii thch c.Nhng ht vng c th sinh ra mu hng sng chi v c
dng trong sn xut knh mu cho nhng ca s cc nh th Chu u, trong gm s,
v c vt dng trang tr khc Trung Quc. Vi nhiu kim loi chuyn tip, vic gim
kch thc ht s lm tng t l din tch b mt trn th tch ht. iu ny s lm cho
chng c nhiu ng dng v kh nng hn trong ng dng lm cht xc tc v hp ph.

II. CC PHNG PHP CH TO VT LIU NANO

t liu nano c
to bng hai
phng
php:
phng php t trn xung
phng php t di ln.
Phng php t trn xung
phng php to ht kch
nano t cc ht c kch
ln hn; phng php t
ln l phng php hnh
ht nano t cc nguyn t.

ch

v
l
thc
thc
di
thnh

1. Phng php t trn

xung.
Nguyn l: Dng k thut nghin v bin dng bin vt liu c kch thc ln
v kch thc nano.
+
Trong phng php nghin, vt liu dng bt c trn ln vi nhng vin bi
c lm t cc vt liu rt cng v t trong mt ci ci. My nghin c th l nghin
lc, nghin rung hoc nghin quay (cn gi l nghin kiu hnh tinh). Cc vin bi cng
va chm vo nhau v ph v bt n kch thc nano. Kt qu thu c l vt liu nano
khng chiu (cc ht nano).
+
Trong phng php bin dng c th l n thy lc, tut, cn, p. Nhit c
th c iu chnh ty thuc vo tng trng hp c th. Nu nhit ln hn nhit
phng th c gi l bin dng nng, cn nhit nh hn nhit phng th c
gi l bin dng ngui. Kt qu thu c l cc vt liu nano mt chiu (dy nano) hoc
hai chiu (lp c chiu dy nm).

+
Ngoi ra, hin nay ngi ta thng dng cc phng php quang khc to ra
cc cu trc nano phc tp.
u im: y l cc phng php n gin, r tin nhng rt hiu qu, c th ch to
c mt lng ln vt liu.
Nhc im: Tnh ng nht ca vt liu khng cao, d ln nhiu tp cht khng mong
mun.

2. Phng php t di ln.

Nguyn l: Hnh thnh vt liu nano t cc nguyn t hoc ion. Phng php t
di ln c pht trin rt mnh m v tnh linh ng v cht lng ca sn phm cui
cng. Phn ln cc vt liu nano m chng ta dng hin nay c ch to t phng
php ny. Phng php t di ln c th l phng php vt l, ha hc hoc kt hp
c hai phng php ha-l.
+

Phng php vt l: L phng php to vt liu nano t nguyn t hoc chuyn

pha. Nguyn t hnh thnh vt liu nano c to ra t phng php vt l:
bc bay nhit (t, phn x, phng in h quang). Phng php chuyn pha: vt
liu c nung nng ri cho ngui vi tc nhanh thu c trng thi v
nh hnh, x l nhit xy ra chuyn pha v nh hnh - tinh th (kt tinh)
(phng php ngui nhanh). Phng php vt l thng c dng to cc
ht nano, mng nano, v d: cng my tnh.

Phng php ha hc: L phng php to vt liu nano t cc ion. Phng php
ha hc c c im l rt a dng v ty thuc vo vt liu c th m ngi ta
phi thay i k thut ch to cho ph hp. Tuy nhin, chng ta vn c th phn
loi cc phng php ha hc thnh hai loi: hnh thnh vt liu nano t pha lng
(phng php kt ta, sol-gel,...) v t pha kh (nhit phn,...). Phng php ny
c th to cc ht nano, dy nano, ng nano, mng nano, bt nano,...

Phng php kt hp: L phng php to vt liu nano da trn cc nguyn tc

vt l v ha hc nh: in phn, ngng t t pha kh,... Phng php ny c th
to cc ht nano, dy nano, ng nano, mng nano, bt nano,...

Ta cng c th chia phng php ch to vt liu nano theo mt cch khc sau y:
Cc vt liu nano c th thu c bng bn phng php ph bin, mi phng php
u c nhng im mnh v im yu, mt s phng php ch c th c p dng vi
mt s vt liu nht nh m thi.
* Phng php ha t (wet chemical):
Bao gm cc phng php ch to vt liu dng trong ha keo (colloidal
chemistry), phng php thy nhit, sol-gel, v kt ta.

Theo phng php ny, cc dung dch cha ion khc nhau c trn vi nhau
theo mt t phn thch hp.
Di tc ng ca nhit , p sut m cc vt liu nano c kt ta t dung
dch. Sau cc qu trnh lc, sy kh, ta thu c cc vt liu nano.

u im:
+
Cc vt liu c th ch to c rt a dng, chng c th l vt liu v
c, hu c, kim loi.
+
c im ca phng php ny l r tin v c th ch to c mt khi
lng ln vt liu.
Nhc im:
+
Cc hp cht c lin kt vi phn t nc c th l mt kh khn.
+
Phng php sol-gel th khng c hiu sut cao.
* Phng php c hc (mechanical)
Bao gm cc phng php tn, nghin, hp kim c hc.
Theo phng php ny, vt liu dng bt c nghin n kch thc
nh hn.
Ngy nay, cc my nghin thng dng l my nghin kiu hnh tinh hay
my nghin quay.
Phng php ny thng c dng to vt liu khng phi l hu c
nh l kim loi.
u im:
+

n gin, dng c ch to khng t tin v c th ch to vi mt lng

ln vt liu.

Nhc im:
+

L cc ht b kt t vi nhau, phn b kch thc ht khng ng nht, d

b nhim bn t cc dng c ch to v thng kh c th t c ht c
kch thc nh.

* Phng php bc bay

Gm cc phng php quang khc (lithography), bc bay trong chn khng

(vacuum deposition) vt l, ha hc.
Cc phng php ny p dng hiu qu ch to mng mng hoc lp bao ph
b mt tuy vy ngi ta cng c th dng n ch to ht nano bng cch co vt liu
t .
Hn ch: Tuy nhin phng php ny khng hiu qu lm c th ch to quy
m thng mi.

* Phng php hnh thnh t pha kh (gas-phase)

Nguyn tc ca cc phng php ny l hnh thnh vt liu nano t pha kh.

Gm cc phng php nhit phn (flame pyrolysis), n in (electro-explosion),
t laser (laser ablation), bc bay nhit cao, plasma.
+

Nhit phn l phng php c t rt lu, c dng to cc vt liu n

gin nh carbon, silicon.

Phng php t laser th c th to c nhiu loi vt liu nhng li ch

gii hn trong phng th nghim v hiu sut ca chng thp.

Phng php plasma mt chiu v xoay chiu c th dng to rt nhiu

vt liu khc nhau nhng li khng thch hp to vt liu hu c v
nhit ca n c th n 9000oC.

Phng php hnh thnh t pha kh dng ch yu to lng carbon (fullerene)

hoc ng carbon, rt nhiu cc cng ty dng phng php ny ch to vt liu nano
quy m thng mi.

III. NG DNG CNG NGH NANO.

Cng ngh nano l mt trong nhng cng ngh tin tin bc nht hin nay v c
rt nhiu ng dng trong y hc, in t, may mc, thc phm v.v... Trong tng lai, n
c th cu sng bn khi cn bnh ung th, to ra nhng b qun o chng bi bn,
thm ch thay i c cc
loi n. ng dng ca
cng ngh nano dng nh
l v hn.
Trong nhng nm
gn y, chng ta thng
c
nghe
n cng
ngh nano trong mt s d

n nghin cu v vt liu, y hc v.v.. i vi mt s ngi th y l mt khi nim kh

tru tng, chng ta cng khng th nhn thy hay cm thy n tn ti. Tuy nhin cng
ngh nano ang gp phn ln gip thay i b mt ca khoa hc cng ngh hin nay,
ng dng ca n l rt rng ri t vt liu, xy dng, sn phm tiu dng n y t, in
t v rt nhiu ng dng khc na.

1. Cng ngh NANO c th cu sng bn (trong y hc,mi trng...)

+

Dit khi ung th bng n Nano:

Hnh : Vin n nano sinh hc gn vo t bo.

Lu nay cha ung th c cch l phu thut, ct b khi ung th c cch l ung
thuc, chiu x cha tr, thc cht cng l nhm tr kh cac t bo ung th.
Vic phu thut c nhiu nguy him, d b ct st cng nh ct lm sang ch lnh.
Vic ung thuc, chiu x cng vy, tiu dit c cc t bo ung th nhng t nhiu
cng tiu dit c t bo lnh.
Cc nh khoa hc i Hc Rice ( Houston, M) sang ch ra loi n nano
ch bn tiu dit t bo ung th, khng ng chm n t bo lnh. Mi vin n thc
cht l mt ht nano oxyt silic (SiO 2) c bc lp vng mng v c dnh tnh cht khi
vo c th ch nhm n dnh vo cc t bo ung th. Sau dng tia hng ngoi chiu
vo. Tia hng ngoi l sng in t, d xuyn sau vo c bp v gp v vng ht silic th
lm cho v ny nng ln( tng t nhu nung nng kim loi bng l cao tn) ph hoi t
bo m cc ht nano bm vo tc l ch ph hoi t bo ung th. Nhng th nghim ban

u cho thy chiu hng ngoi trong vi pht cc t bo ung th b tr kh bi sinh

nhit sinh ra cc vin n nano.

Hnh : Khu vc khoanh l ni nanoshell c tim vo: trong vi pht b t nng

di nh sng gn hng ngoi, cc t bo ny cht
Ngnh cng ngh mi c tn Nano-bio (tm dch l Sinh hc nano) ang hnh
thnh, s to ra nhng vt liu mi to m xng, cc b phn thay th y sinh hc dng
cho con ngi nh da, bng thng minh...
+

ng dng trong cc xt nghim chn on bnh :

Ti rt nhiu quc gia ang pht

trin, vic thiu cc trang thit b xt
nghim v iu tr bnh gy ra rt nhiu
kh khn cho cc bnh vin.
Tp on Micron ics ca M
ng dng cng ngh nano pht trin mt
b test c tn gi DxBox, c tc dng
nh mt thit b kim tra, ch c kch c
ln hn kch c ca mt tm card.
Trn b mt ca DxBox c cha
thuc th dng kh v mt h thng
cc ng dn nh to t cc phn t nano.
Cc bc s c th tin hnh mt th nghim mu n gin bng thit b ny m
khng cn ti h thng gi lnh bo qun thuc th m c th pht hin dch bnh st
rt v dch t mt cch nhanh chng, d dng; t cc bc s c th a ra php
iu tr bnh t hiu qu cao v hn ch c nguy c t vong cao cho bnh nhn.

ng dng trong dn truyn thuc :

Y dc l th trng ln nht tiu th vt liu nano, cc ng dng ht nano dn

truyn thuc ( drug delivery ) n mt v tr no trn c th l mt trong nhng v d
v ng dng ca ht nano. Trong ng dng ny, thuc c lin kt vi ht nano c tnh
cht t, bng cch iu khin t trng ht nano c nh mt v tr trong mt thi
gian di thuc c th khuych tn vo cc c quan mong mun.
Dn truyn thuc bng cc ht t tnh pht trin t nhng nm 1970. l vic s
dng ht t tnh nh cc ht mang thuc n v tr cn thit trong c th, gip thu hp
phm vi phn b ca cc thuc trong c th lm gim tc dng ph ca thuc v gim
lng thuc iu tr.
H thuc/ht t tnh to ra cht lng mang t tnh a vo c th thng qua h tun
hon. Khi cc ht ny i vo mch mu, ngi ta dng mt t tnh mnh tp trung
cc ht vo mt v tr no trn c th. Phng php ny rt thun li trong iu tr u
no v vic dn truyn thuc vo u no rt kh khn. Nh s tr gip ca ht nano, vic
dn truyn thuc hiu qu hn rt nhiu.
Nhng ht nano pht quang khi i vo c th v khu tr, tp trung ti cc vng bnh, kt
hp vi k thut thu nhn tn hiu phn x quang hc gip con ngi c th pht hin
cc mm bnh v c bin php iu tr kp thi.

Hnh : Ht nano vng s dng trong truyn dn thuc

ng dng trong lm sch mi trng :

Mt trong nhng ng dng ca cng ngh nano l dng ch to cc thit b,

chng hn nh cc li lc nc nano vi cu to rng cho cc phn t nc i
qua, song cng hp ngn chn cc phn t cht bn gy nhim.
lc nc b
nhim bn, qu trnh
ng dng cng ngh
nano s cn ti cc ht
phn t nano t
nanomagnets. Ngoi lc
sch nc, cc ht phn
t nano t cn c tc
dng gi li cc phn t
thch tn arsenic trong
nc, loi b mt lng
ln cht clo, thu ngn v thm ch l cc phn t phng x radon trong nc (kh nng
lm sch thnh phn arsenic ca phn t nano t c th ln ti 99%), do nc c
lc bng cng ngh nano cn c th ung c ngay sau khi lc. Cng ngh nano ng
dng trong lc nc ha hn s mang li nc sch cho khong 65 triu ngi trn khp
th gii.
Cng vi cng ngh nano, nc v c khng kh cn c th gim c nng
nhim mt cch ng k do tc ng ca khong cht Zeolites, c bit l nhng
nhim do nhim du v cc nhin liu ho thch khc.
T ta thy lnh vc y t l mt trong nhng ng dng ln nht ca cng ngh
nano. V d nh vic iu tr bnh ung th, nhiu phng php iu tr khc nhau
c th nghim c th hn ch cc khi u pht trin v tiu dit chng cp t
bo. Mt nghin cu cho kt qu rt kh quan khi s dng cc ht nano vng
chng li nhiu loi ung th. Cc ht nano ny s c a n cc khi u bn trong c
th, sau chng c tng nhit bng tia laser hng ngoi chiu t bn ngoi c
th tiu dit cc khi u.
Khng dng li , cc nh khoa hc cn nghin cu mt d n nanorobot v
cng c bit. Vi nhng ch robot c kch thc siu nh, c th i vo bn trong c
th con ngi a thuc iu tr n nhng b phn cn thit. Vic cung cp thuc
mt cch trc tip nh vy s lm tng kh nng cng nh hiu qu iu tr.
Cng ngh nano trong tng lai khng xa s gip con ngi chng li cn bnh
ung th qui c. Ngay c nhng cn bnh ung th kh cha nht nh ung th no, cc
bc s s c th d dng iu tr m khng cn m hp s ca bnh nhn hay bt k
phng php ha tr c hi no.

2. Cng ngh NANO trong cc in t quanh chng ta.

Nhc n cng ngh nano, c
th bn s ngh n nhng d n khoa
hc ang c tin hnh bi cc gio
s hng u trong phng th nghim,
nhng cng ngh cao cp v tin tin
nht. Tuy nhin thc t c th bn
ang s dng mt s sn phm ca
cng ngh nano ngay lc ny. Nhng
b vi x l c lm t vt liu nano
kh ph bin trn th trng, mt s
sn phm nh chut, bn phm cng c ph mt lp nano khng khun.

ng dng lm tng phn gii mn hnh :

Mn hnh tivi, my tnh thng thng hin nay lun c mt lp mng gm cc ht

photpho (c pha tp), khi in t p vo th le sng ln. Mn hnh c chia thnh

nhiu im nh (pixel), mi im nh cha mt s ht phtpho.
Nng sut phn gii ca mn hnh ph thuc vo kch thc ca im nh tc l ph
thuc vo kch thc ca cc ht phtpho. Cc ht ZnS, ZnSe, CdS, PbTe ch to theo
phng php sol-gel c th c kch thc c nanomet dng lm mn hnh c th cho
nng sut phn gii rt cao.

Hnh : Tng phn gii cho

mn hnh nh cng ngh nano

ng dng lm pin :
Vt liu nano tng hp bng phng php sol-gel c dng lm cc tm phn cch

pin th h mi v n c th to ra c cu trc kiu gel kh, lu tr c nhiu nng

lng hn l cc tm phn cch thng thng.
Cc loi pin niken-hydro kim loi Ni-MH (nickel metal hydride) c lm t cc ht
nano niken v hydro kim loi cha c rt nhiu in dng lu mi phi np li in.

Hnh :Pin quang nng t si nano ha hn s thay th cc tm pin

mt tri vn t hin nay

Cc chip my tnh :

Xu hng vi tiu hnh ha cc chp my tnh c th hin tiu chun quy trnh
ch to di chp c xc nh trong L trnh ITRS.
Hin nay, tiu chun cng ngh 130 nm, dng sn xut b x l Intel Xeon,
xc nh kch thc ca DRAM ( chip b nh truy cp ngu nhin ) bng mt na pitch
( khong cch gia hai dy kim loi k nhau trong mt b nh ). iu ny i hi
cng ngh in lit, cng ngh sn xut v o lng hc c nano phi c nhng thay i
ch to mt linh kin hot ng ph hp vi dung sai .
Th so snh, nu chip 4004 Intel nm 1971 s dng cng ngh c phn gii
10.000 nm, th cc con chp ca nm 2007 v 2013 s i hi cng ngh c phn gii
65 nm v 32 nm tng ng. V vy, c th ni cc cng ngh s dng hin nay ang
c pht trin ht sc mnh m.
Hn na, khng ch n gin l mt DRAM c chiu di na pitch c nm, tt
c cc cng ngh s dng trong nghin cu, o lng v sn xut cc con chip trong
nhiu trng hp hot ng mc nguyn t nh hn c c nm.

Cc cng c ng dng cng ngh Nano h tr cho ngnh cng nghip cng ngh
thng tin (IT) rt a dng, bao gm lp m hnh cc linh kin v vt liu tin tin ti
tng phn t trn my tnh, cc knh hin vi c th cho thy hnh nh ca tng nguyn
t, cc h thng o lng c th xc nh r rng v tr ca mt ht phn t n trn
mt ming wafer c ng knh 30 cm, cc quy trnh pht trin cc mng mng c th
sn xut ra cc lp vt liu vi chnh xc c nguyn t v cc phng php in lit
c th khc ln nhng c im v d nh DRAM, vi chnh xc di 10 nm.

ng dng trong ch to my :

Cng ngh nano c th to ra nhng vt liu rt cng dng ct gt trong ch to my.

Mi khoan, dao ct c ph lp vt liu nano lm t carbid vonfram, carbid tantanl,
carbid titan th cng hn nhiu, t b mi mn, t b n mn so vi carbid ca cc kim
loi trn nhng dng thng thng tc l carbid c cu trc ht to.
L xo, bi cao cp,
cht u van.
cng ngh ch to oto
phi dng n v t
li u cng v n hi
cao lm t tinh th
nano nitrid sillic
(Si3N4) v carbid sillic
(SiC ). Cc loi l v t
li u ny hay c
dng t rong l nhi t
cao.
M t khc, t cng ngh nano cng c th lm c v t li u mm do hn thng
thng. Gm thng thng rt cng v gin khi nung thnh gm th khng gia cng
c. Nh oxyt zirconi (ZrO2) c kch thc ht nano c th lm ra gm siu do bin
dng c n 300% so vi kch thc ban u. Gm tinh th nano c th nn v lin
kt thnh nhiu hnh dng khc nhau nhi t kh thp, cn gm thng rt kh, thc
t l khng th thc hi n c bt k vi c nn v lin kt no ngay c nhi t cao.

3.

Cng ngh nano trong ng dng may mc.

K t u nhng nm 2000, ngnh cng

nghip thi trang bc sang mt trang mi vi
vic p dng cng ngh nano trong mt s loi vi
c bit. Mt tng v cng c bit vi loi
qun o c kh nng dit vi khun gy mi hi
kh chu trong qun o tr thnh hin thc vi
vic p dng cc ht nano bc. Cc ht nano bc
ny c th thu ht cc vi khun v tiu dit cc t
bo ca chng. ng dng hu ch ny c p
dng trn mt s mu qun o th thao v c bit
hn l c s dng trong mt loi qun lt kh
mi.
Khng ch dng
li cng dng kh
mi, cng ngh nano c
th bin chic o bn
ang mc thnh mt
trm pht in di ng.
S dng cc ngun nng
lng nh gi, nng
lng mt tri v vi
cng ngh nano bn s
c th sc in cho chic
smartphone ca mnh
mi lc mi ni. ng dng ny cn c s dng rng ri hn vi tng ch to
nhng chic bum bng vt liu nano, vi kh nng chuyn ha nng lng t nhin
thnh in nng. Tuy nhin ng dng ny vn ang trong qu trnh th nghim.

3. Cng ngh nano trong t nhin

C mt s tht l cc ng dng ca cng ngh nano hin nay u c th tm thy
trong
t
nhin. V d
nh mt ng
dng ca cng
ngh
nano
trn cc loi
vi
khin
chng khng
thm nc v bi bn, bn c th thy iu tng t khi nhng git nc ln trn b mt
ca l sen.
B mt ca l sen
c bao ph bi mt lp
lng c bit c kch thc
c nanomet, khin nhng
git nc khng th ngm
hay bm vo b mt ca l.
M phng iu ny, cc
nh khoa hc to ra mt
lp ng nano siu nh trn
b mt ca vi v t to
ra nhng b qun o
khng thm nc v chng
bi bn.

Mt v d khc vi loi tc k trong d n nghin cu mt thit b i trn tng

ca nhm nghin cu Robert Full ti i hc Berkeley. Cc nh khoa hc pht hin ra
rng, mi ngn chn ca tc k c bao ph bi mt lp lng c kch thc siu nh,
gip chng c th bm dnh vo cc b mt mn theo lc van der Waals ( bm dnh
gia cc phn t). M phng iu , cc nh khoa hc cng to ra nhng ming m
vi lp ng nano siu nh m c th h tr nhng ngi leo ni bm tt hn trn cc
vch .
X hi con ngi hin nay rt pht trin, tuy nhin chng ta vn ang hc tp
rt nhiu iu t t nhin. iu quan trng l cc cng ngh khoa hc pht trin phi
gp phn thc y s sng, ch khng phi tiu dit s sng ca thin nhin.

5. Thc phm t cng ngh nano(trng trt, ht nano,ng gi bng bao b

nano...).
Cng ngh nano l nhng nghin cu, phn tch v thit k trn quy m rt nh
c nano met, vy nu s dng cng ngh nano lm n th liu bao nhiu mi
gip chng ta no? Tht may l chng ta s khng n cc n c lm ra t cng ngh
nano, tuy nhin cng ngh nano s lm thay i cch thc chng ta n cc mn n hng
ngy.

Cc nh khoa hc tin hnh th nghim thay i cc loi thc phm cp

nguyn t v phn t, khin cc loi thc phm ny thay i hng v cng nh giu
dinh dng hn. iu ny ng ngha vi vic chng ta s c thng thc nhng
mn n vi hng v v cng l m gi tr dinh dng vn cao nh cng ngh nano thc
phm.
Nano thc phm (ni mt cch chnh xc l ng dng cng ngh nano trong thc
phm) bao gm c cc ng dng ca cng ngh nano trong: Trng trt, chn nui; ng
gi, bao b cha thc phm; lm ra thc phm trong c ht nano cha cc cht dinh
dng quan trng.

Th trng nano thc phm th gii tng mnh trong nhng nm qua, t 2,6 t
USD (nm 2003) ln 7 t USD (nm 2006) v d bo nm 2010 l 20,4 t USD. Hin
nay, trn ton th gii c hn 200 cng ty ln chuyn v nano thc phm, ng u l
M, sau l Nht Bn v Trung Quc. Di y l mt s v d v ng dng cng
ngh nano trong thc phm.
+

Cng ngh nano trong trng trt, chn nui

cc trang tri, ngi ta lun phi theo di tnh trng dinh

dng ca t ai, m, phn bn, su bnh, thuc tr su Cc
cng vic ny khng ch din ra mt cch chung chung m thm ch
cn n tng cy, tng con hay tng giai on c th x l kp
thi nhng bt thng: Thiu nc phi ti, c ry phi dit, d
lng thuc tr su tng phi tm cch gim Trong khi , vic
ly mu em v phn tch thng khng c nhiu v chm, khng
kp thi Vi cng ngh nano, trn mt din tch trng trt, ngi ta ci rt nhiu cm
bin nano o xem nc v cht dinh dng c khng, cy c b nm mc, su
bnh khng Nhng thng s m cm bin nhn c s c gi v Trung tm c
bin php x l kp thi v cng c th dng iu khin cc cm bin nano khc to
ra cc cht cn thit b sung, v d cy thiu cht dinh dng loi no th m ngay vin
nang nano (nanocapsule) cha cht dinh dng loi ra b sung, c su bnh
loi no th iu khin cc nang nano tit ngay cht dit su bnh ng ch
Cc loi vt nui
trang tri cng c th gn
chip nano cho tng con.
Nhng chip ny ghi li
v cho bit tn tui ca
tng con, v tr no, c
au m, bnh tt g
khng v cc chip c th
kim c vic cp vc-xin,
thuc cha bnh khi cn
thit.
c
bit,
c
nhng trang tri c th
trng cy sn xut ra
ht nano dng trong thc
phm v nhiu mc ch
khc. V d, c loi c linh lng (alfalfa) c kh nng thu ht cc nguyn t vng trong
t to ra cc ht nano vng tinh cht trong thn c. Trng loi c ny t, c bit
trn t c nhiu vng, khi nghin, ngm, lc thn c theo cch c hc c th c c
cc ht nano vng dng cho nhiu mc ch.
Mt v d na v ng dng cng ngh nano l trong chn nui gia cm, c nhng
loi vi khun nh Campylobacter tuy khng nh hng n c th g nhng nu i vo
c th ngi th li gy bnh, thm ch c th gy t vong. Cc nh khoa hc ca i
hc Clemson South Carolina (M) tm ra mt loi ht nano m khi trn vi thc n
cho g n th ht nano bm cht vo vi khun Campylobacter, khin cho vi khun ny

cht v g s bi tit ra ngoi cng vi phn. V vy, tht ca g c cho n loi thc n
ny m bo khng c vi khun nguy him, bn rt chy.
+

Cng ngh nano trong ng gi, bao b ng thc phm

C, mc v mt s thu hi sn ti thng c mi tanh. Cc loi ti ni lng

thng thng tuy kn nhng khng ngn c mi tanh bc ra xung quanh.
Trong t nhin, c rt nhiu loi t st, trong c cc ht tinh th st rt nh
(nanoclay) hnh tm mng, b dy ch ba, bn lp nguyn t, cn chiu rng c th
ln n hng chc nanomet, micromet. Nu ly cht lm ti ni lng thng (polyme)
trn vi ht nano st hnh tm lc thi thnh ti, cc ht ny s nm song song vi mt
ti, ngn chn mi tanh rt tt. Nht Bn, Hn Quc v gn y l Trung Quc sn
xut loi ti ny vi s lng ln p ng nhu cu ca cc b ni tr thch mua c
ti v t lm ly nh.
Tht, thc n d b i thiu, c mi l do mi trng rt thun li cho nhiu loi vi
khun pht trin. Bc l nguyn t c cu trc nguyn t thch hp, nguyn t bc rt d
nhng in t cho bn ngoi tr thnh ion bc, sau ion bc li d nhn in t
tr thnh nguyn t bc trung ho. in t m nguyn t bc nhng cho bn ngoi d
kch thch to thnh cc phn ng oxy ho, kt qu l d lm tn thng, ph hoi
mng bc ca cc loi vi khun, tiu dit chng hoc lm cho chng kh sinh si, ny
n. Loi ti ni lng mt trong c cha lp mng ht nano bc kh c vi khun, nh
m thc phm cha trong gi c lu hn 3-4 ln so vi loi ti ni lng thng.
Cc thng cha thc phm trong kho cng c trng mt lp nano bc bo qun
c lu.
pht hin vi khun E.Coli trong thc phm, ngi ta ch to ra loi ti m
mt trong c cha cc ht SiO2hnh cu kch c nanomet, trn b mt ca mi ht c
nh khng th v cc phn t cht hunh quang. Khi thc phm ng trong ti nhim
vi khun E.Coli, lp tc cc khng th bm cht vo, cc phn t cht hunh quang trn
ht nano SiO2 tip xc vi vi khun E.Coli sng ln. Nh th m khi nhn vo ti ng
thc phm i mu, ngi ta c th bit ngay trong thc phm c vi khun E.Coli.
+
Thc phm ht nano
Ni n thc phm ht nano l ni n nhng ht c kch c nano a vo trong
c th bng cch n, ung. Cc ht
nano rt nh nn thng khng phi
ch mt mnh n c a vo c
th m cn c th trn ln nhiu cht
khc. C th chia ra lm 2 loi: Ht
nano vo c th (bng cch n,
ung) ng l cht c kch c nano,
l ht nano ca cht ; ht nano
vo c th l ht nang (ti) kch c
nano, trong cha cht m c th
cn, bn thn ht nang ch l ci v
ng v tnh bn ngoi. Ta xt mt
s v d:

Nang nano du c thu: Du c thu cung cp nhiu loi axit bo cho c th nhng
mi v rt hc, kh ung. Ngi ta lm nhng ci ti nang kch c nano, rt mng, d
v, trong ti c cha du c thu. Du ny c th pht vo bnh m n hoc trn vi
nc ung, khi vo n d dy, cc nang bc nano b nghin nt, v ra, cung cp du
c thu i vo h tiu ho.
c xon nano ng vitamin: Ngi ta lm cc ht nano hnh cun dy kch c 50
nanomet, bn trong cha cc cht b nh vitamin, axit bo omega, lycopen rt cn
thit cung cp cho t bo nhng mi v li khng d nut. Nh c v xon nano che
y nn c th trn vi thc n hoc nc ung a vo d dy.
Qu cu nano cha cht dinh dng: Nhng ngi n king phi trnh mt s
cht khng c a qua d dy hay mt b phn no ca c th. Ngi ta ch
to nhng qu cu rng kch thc nano trong cha y cht dinh dng v c th
iu khin khi n, ung cc qu cu nano ny em cht dinh dng trc tip n tng
t bo.
Trong mt s trng hp, ngi ta c th gn cc qu cu nano hoc ht nang
nano vi cc cm bin nano, khi vo su trong c th chng vn bt ng, nhng khi c
tn hiu t cm bin n mi hot ng, tc l v bc ngoi mi v ra.
Tr nano selen l mn ung nano rt c a chung, nht l khi c i dch
H5N1. Selen rt c, nhng ngi lm vic c tip xc vi selen rt d b nhim c, da
ni sn, rng tc v c th dn n t vong. Nhng trong c th ngi lun phi c
selen ( mt mc no ) mi m bo c min dch, nht l khi b virut H 5N1 tn
cng. Selen b sung vo c th ngi theo con ng thc phm, c bit trong trng
cha nhiu selen. Selen c trong trng do gia cm n thc n t ht ng cc, cy c ly
selen t trong t, v vy, nhng vng trong t v trong thc n gia cm thiu selen
th thc phm cho ngi n cng thiu selen, dn ti kh nng min dch ca c th km
i.
Trong trng hp c th ngi thiu selen, khng th b sung bng selen thng
thng c. Cc nghin cu dc hc cho thy cch ly selen nano c trong ng,
thc vt l thch hp nht. Ti Trung Quc, ngi ta tm thy c nhng vng trung
du, di t c nhiu selen, cy ch mc ln kh tt, trong l ch c nhiu ht nano
selen. Xay nh l ch ny, pha thnh nc ung l cch b sung
rt tt cho tnh trng c th thiu selen. Trung Quc trin khai
trng ch nhng vng ny sn xut ra sn phm Tr nano
selen bn rt chy.
Sa nano canxi l mt v d khc v thc phm nano.
Canxi rt cn lm chc xng, c bit nhng ch gn khp.
Nhiu trng hp, do c th ngi khng hp th c canxi t
thc n nn phi b sung bng cch dng cc ht nano canxi c t
trong v hu, hn t nhin. Cht lc v trn cc ht nano ny vo
sa, lm thnh sa nano canxi ung, c th cha bnh long
xng.

IV.Tm quan trng, tim nng pht trin ca cng ngh nano i vi nc
ta v ton th gii.
Cng ngh nano s nh hng nh th no n tng lai ca cc nc ngho?
Chc chn, cng ngh nano s ng vai tr quan trng trong nhiu lnh vc, trong , c
tng sn lng nng nghip cng nhiu li ch khc
Trong ngnh cng nghip hin nay, cc tp on sn xut in t bt u a
cng ngh nano vo ng dng, to ra cc sn phm c tnh cnh tranh t chic my nghe
nhc iPod nano n cc con chip c dung lng ln vi tc x l cc nhanh
Trong y hc, cha bnh ung th ngi ta tm cch a cc phn t thuc n
ng cc t bo ung th qua cc ht nano ng vai tr l xe ti ko, trnh c hiu
ng ph gy ra cho cc t bo lnh. Y t nano ngy nay ang nhm vo nhng mc tiu
bc xc nht i vi sc khe con ngi, l cc bnh do di truyn c nguyn nhn t
gien, cc bnh hin nay nh: HIV/AIDS, ung th, tim mch, cc bnh ang lan rng
hin nay nh bo ph, tiu ng, lit rung (Parkison), mt tr nh (Alzheimer), r rng
y hc l lnh vc c li nhiu nht t cng ngh ny.
i vi vic sa sang sc p c s hnh thnh nano phu thut thm
m,nhiu lai thuc thm m c cha cc loi ht nano lm thm m v bo v da.
y l mt th trng c sc hp dn mnh, nht l i vi cng ngh kit xut mi ra
i nh cng ngh nano.
Ngoi ra, cc nh khoa hc tm cch a cng ngh nano vo vic gii quyt cc
vn mang tnh ton cu nh thc trng nhim mi trng ngy cng gia tng. Vic
ci tin cc thit b qun s bng cc trang thit b, v kh nano rt ti tn m sc cng
ph khin ta khng th hnh dung ni.
Cc chuyn gia thuc Trung tm o c Sinh hc ca Canada nhn nh nh
hng ln nht ca cng ngh nano n hng triu ngi nhng nc ang pht trin
l mang li cc phng php d tr v sn xut nng lng tt hn. ng thi, ci thin
ng k nng sut ngnh nng nghip. ng dng cng ngh nano s nng cao mc sng
ca ngi dn cc nc ngho.
Theo tin s Peter Singer, gim c JCB, pht trin kinh t v tiu th nng
lng lin quan cht ch vi nhau. Tin s Singer cho bit s thu c li ch ca tng
trng kinh t d dng hn nhiu nu cng ngh nano c th gip cc nc ang pht
trin chuyn sang xu hng t cung t cp nng lng.
*

TH GII

Do cc ng dng k diu ca cng ngh nano, tim nng kinh t cng nh to ra

sc mnh v qun s. V l hin nay trn th gii ang xy ra cuc chy ua si ng
v pht trin v ng dng cng ngh nano. C th k n mt s cng quc ang
chim lnh th trng cng ngh ny hin nay l: Hoa K, Nht Bn, Trung Quc, c,
Nga v mt s nc Chu uc th ni nhng quc gia trn chnh ph dnh mt
khon ngn sch ng k h tr cho vic nghin cu v ng dng thc tin ca ngnh
cng ngh nano.

Khng ch cc trng i hc c cc phng th nghim vi cc thit b nghin

cu quy m m cc tp on sn xut cng tin hnh nghin cu v pht trin cng ngh
nano vi cc phng th nghim vi tng chi ph nghin cu tng ng vi ngn sch
chnh ph dnh cho cng ngh nano.
Hin nay, cc cht c cu trc nano mi ang c s dng xy dng ln th
h tip theo ca t bo nng lng mt tri v t bo nhin liu hyr. Ngoi ra, cc
nh khoa hc cng ang s dng cng ngh nano pht trin phng php d tr
hyr vn l vn nan gii. H thng d tr hyr ph hp c ngha l phi c nng
lng thay th sch hn cho nhng nc vn ph thuc vo nhin liu ho thch.
Mt khc, th gii ang pht trin ng dng cng ngh nano ci thin ph
nhiu ca t v sn lng cy trng, cm bin nano c th gim st tnh hnh cy trng
vt nui v cc cht t nano c th loi b nhng cht gy nhim cho t.
Chng bao lu na, nh vo cng ngh nano, cc nhn vin y t c th th
nghim mu bng mt mu nha nh bng ng xu. Tng t, nu s dng tin b ca
cng ngh nano c th thc hin khm chn on bnh trong vi pht. Cng ngh nano
s rt ngn thi gian cng nh chi ph xt nghim cc bnh truyn nhim nh st rt v
HIV/AIDS..
Tin s Salamanca-Buentello, ng u nhm nghin cu cho bit 1/6 dn chng
ton cu khng c nc sch, hn 1/3 dn nhng vng nng thn chu Phi, chu v
chu M La tinh khng c nc sch, v hng nm c hai triu tr em cht v b nhng
bnh pht sinh do nc bn.
Trong khi , mng v ng nano l nhng h thng rt r, d di chuyn v c th
lc, gii c v kh mui trong nc hiu qu hn phng php lc bng vi khun v vi
rt thng thng. Cc nh nghin cu cng pht trin phng php sn xut hng lot
cc ng lc bng nano ccbon nhm nng cao cht lng nc.
n nay nhiu nc ang pht trin nh n , Nam Phi, Mehico, Thi Lan,
Philipin, Chile v Achentina thc hin cc sng kin cng ngh nano h tr s
pht trin ca khoa hc.
Hin Trung Quc c s lng ng dng bng sng ch cng ngh nano nhiu
nht th gii sau M v Nht Bn. Bn nghin cu ca H Lan Trung Quc nh gi
tnh hnh cng ngh nano M, lin minh chu u, Trung Quc v Hn Quc cng cho
thy Trung Quc c lng bo ch v cng ngh nano ln th hai trn th gii.
Trong nm 2004, chi tiu ca chnh ph M cho cng ngh nano cao nht th
gii, song ch cao hn cht nh so vi mc chi ph Trung Quc, chu u v Nht:
M s dng 1 t la cho nghin cu cng ngh nano cn ba nc sau mi nc chi
900 triu la.
Xt v mt bo ch chuyn vit v cng ngh nano, nm 2004, bo ch cng ngh
nano ca Trung Quc chim 10% th phn bo cng ngh nano ton cu, ch ng sau
M, cng quc chim gn 50% th phn ny

VIT NAM

Tuy ch mi tip cn vi cng ngh nano trong nhng nm gn y nhng cng

c nhng bc chuyn to ra sc ht mi i vi lnh vc y cam go, th thch ny.
Nh nc cng dnh mt khon ngn sch kh ln cho chng trnh nghin cu cng
ngh nano cp quc gia vi s tham gia ca nhiu trng i hc v Vin nghin cu.
Cng ngh nano l mt bc tin b vt bc ca cng ngh, n to ra nhng
ng dng v cng k diu to ra nhiu c hi hn, nhng bn cnh cng c nhng
thch thc t ra v thm ha mi trng v kh nng pht trin v kh lai mi vi sc
tn ph khng g so snh ni. Tuy nhin, con ngi ngy nay hng nhiu hn vi
ci thin nn chng ta c th hy vng l cng ngh nano s mang li hnh phc cho
nhn loi nhiu hn.
Vo thng 12/2004, H Quc gia TP.HCM u t 4,3 triu USD t ngun vn
vay Ngn hng Th gii xy dng Phng th nghim Cng ngh nano. Phng th
nghim Cng ngh nano c nhim v o to nhn lc lc trong lnh vc vi in t v
cng ngh nano, nghin cu v ng dng cng ngh nano trong cng nghip.D kin,
vo thng 6/2005, Phng th nghim ni trn s han thnh v i vo hat ng
Sau hi ngh Vt l ti Ni Cc (nm 2003), mt nhm nghin cu v vt liu
nan thuc b mn Vt l cht rn bt u hnh thnh. nhanh chng hi nhp, chin
lc c u tin hng u l tp trung nghin cu pht trin cc cng ngh mi ch
to vt liu m hin ti cc c s khc trong nc ang t quan tm. Sau khi c cng
ngh mi s tp trung nghin cu cc vt liu c kh nng ng dng cao.
1. Nghin cu ch to my pht siu m: Siu m cng sut cao c s dng tng
hp cc hp cht, hu c, vt liu in t c cu trc nan. Sau gn 10 nm tp trung
nghin cu c bn, n nay chng ti hon ton lm ch cng ngh ch to c cc
loi gm p in dng cho my pht siu m cng sut. T vt liu gm p in ni
trn, chng ti ch to thnh cng bin t kiu Langevin c tn s cng hng ty .
2. Nghin cu ch to thit b quay in: Cng ngh quay in ang c quan tm mt
cch c bit. S quan tm c bit ny c th bt ngun t tnh n gin ca cng
ngh, nhng kh nng ng dng li rt tim tng v rng ln. C l y l vn m
n lc, chng ta cn phi nhn li mnh mt cch nghim tc hn v chnh sch pht
trin khoa hc v cng ngh, c bit l pht trin cc cng ngh ngun. Trn th trng
c nhng thit b thng mi, vi gi khong 500 n 1500 triu ng. T thng
12/2013, chng ti tp trung nghin cu ch to v n nay thit b quay in bt u
hot ng. Chng ti t tn cho thit b ny l E-HUSC-01, v y l thit b
Electrospinning u tin ca Vit Nam c ch to ti Trng i hc Khoa hc Hu.

3. Ch to vt liu nan v ng dng

a. Ch to TiO2 nano: Do c nhiu tnh cht d thng v kh nng ng dng trong cc
lnh vc m TiO2 kch thc nan c cc nh khoa hc nghin cu, tng hp. ng
dng ni bt ca TiO2 kch thc nan c ni n nhiu trong thi gian gn y l
kh trng dit vi khun v chng mc; t lm sch v chng m hi nc; x l nc
thi, kh thi,..
Nm 2012, chng ti to c dng sn phm sn nan TiO 2/Ag. Sau khi phun trng
trn nn gch men v nung ti 6000C, lp ph TiO2/Ag ngoi tnh nng dit khun, t
lm sch cn c cng cao hn lp men nn, khng lm thay i mu ca nn gch.
Hin nay, chng ti c kh nng cung cp cho cc cng ty c nhu cu ny vi mt lng
ln (>1000 lt/ngy), gi r (20.000-130.000/1 lt).
b. Tng hp dung dch Ag nan: n nay c trn 20 phng php ch to dung dch
Ag nano. Trn c s phn tch u nhc im ca tng phng php, chng ti a
ra c phng php ch to dung dch Ag nano s dng s kt hp ca cc phng
php l, ha, sinh. Kt qu, chng ti ch to thnh cng dung dch Ag nano mi
trng nc n nh c cc nng khc nhau.
- S dng trong nui tm: Ti Vit Nam, bnh hoi t gan ty cp tnh tm (EMS) bt
u xut hin t nm 2010 v bng pht mnh t thng 3/2011, gy thit hi ln cho
ngi nui tm. Tuy nhin cho n nay vn cha tm ra cch cha tr trit . Trc tnh
hnh , chng ti kt hp vi Cng ty c phn Huetronics pht trin mt lot cc sn
phm nan, trong c Ag nan v trin khai ng dng phng v tr bnh trong nui
tm ti mt s tnh trng im nui tm ca ng bng sng Cu long nh Tr Vinh,
Bn Tre, Tin Giang, Bc Liu, C Mau,
- S dng trong nui cy m: HgCl2 c s dng l cht kh trng ph bin trong nui
cy m. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy nano bc nng 5 ppm nh hng tt nht n
kh nng ti sinh chi t on thn.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Tp ch H s s kin, s 107, 2010.
2. Wikipedia: http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB
%87_nano
3. Cc website khc:
http://ddkhvl.net/topic/9771517/1/
http://www.khoahoc.com.vn/timkiem/c%C3%B4ng+ngh%E1%BB
%87+nano/index.aspx
http://tailieu.vn/xem-tai-lieu/tim-hieu-ve-vat-lieu-nano.480519.html
http://www.baomoi.com/Vat-lieu-Nano-trong-cong-nghiep-dien-tu-nangluong-va-moi-truong/53/6063645.epi
http://www.scribd.com/doc/75228468/V%E1%BA%ADt-li%E1%BB%87uNano
http://www.scribd.com/doc/118742705/Vat-Lieu-Nano-Ch0-2012