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Menstruationandthefollicularphase,ovulation,andthelutealphase
Siklus Reproduksi di endometrium: proliferativeandsecretoryphases.
Menstruationandthefollicularphase
Thefirstdayofmenstrualbleedingisconsideredday1ofthemenstrualcycle.
Tidakadakonsepsikorpusluteumregressturunprogesteronedan
estrogenemenstruasi.
Prostaglandins(insecretoryendometriumandmenstrualblood)produce
contractionsoftheuterinevasculatureandmusculatureendometrialischemia
anduterinecramping&expulsionofthemenstrualbloodandtissue.
Setelahmenstruasi,estrogenmeningkatlagidiawalfasefolikularendometrialhealing
stopmenstruasi.
Akhirfaseluteal(SEBELUMfaseFOLICULARSELANJUTNYAdimulai):
Estradiol,Progesterone,LHdilowestlevelFSHmulaimeningkatdiakhirluteal
<sebelumkefasefolikularberikutnya>.
SELAMAMENS,FOLLICULARGROWTHsudahdiiniasiasiuntuksiklusreproduksi
barudiovarium.
FOLIKULAR
Estradiol(estrogen)naikFSHturun;LHtetaprendah.
Estrogenterusnaik+feedbackkeLHLHmulaimeningkatdi
midfollicular.
Althoughseveralfolliclesbeginthematurationprocess,onlythefolliclewiththe
greatestnumberofgranulosacellsandFSHreceptorsandthehighestestradiol
productionbecomesthedominantfollicle;thenondominantfolliclesundergo
atresia.
Ovulation
Dominantfolliclesecretesanincreasingamountofestradiolpositivefeedback
tothepituitaryglandtosecreteLHHari1113terjadiLHSURGE(3436jam
sebelumovulasi,puncaknya1012jamsebelumovulasi)triggersovulation
granulosadanthecaselberubahjadiproduksiPROGESTERON
MeiosisoftheprimaryfollicleresumesaftertheLHsurgeandthefirstpolarbody
isreleased;theoocytethenarrestsinmetaphaseofthesecondmeioticdivision
untilfertilizationoccurs.
OVULASIoositdilepasdarifolikelfolikeljadikorpusluteum
Somewomenexperienceatwingeofpain(mittelschmerz)atthetimeof
ovulationandcanpreciselyidentifythetimeofovulation.Otherwomendonot
experiencethisbriefdiscomfort,butcanrecognizecharacteristicsymptomsthat
occurduetoprogesteroneproductionafterovulation.
Lutealphase
Thelutealphaseofthemenstrualcycleischaracterizedbyanalterationinthe
balanceofsexsteroidsecretionfrompredominanceofestrogentopredominance
ofprogesterone.
FolliculardevelopmentincreasednumbersofLHreceptorsonthegranulosa
andthecacells.
ThemidcycleLHsurgestimulatesLHreceptorsconvertstheenzymatic
machineryofthesecellstoproduceandsecreteprogesterone;thisprocessis
calledluteinization.
ProgesteronenegativefeedbackonpituitarysecretionofFSHandLHboth
hormonesaresuppressedduringthelutealphase.<FSHLHTURUN>
Thecorpusluteumalsoproducesestradiolinapatternthatparallelsprogesterone
secretion.24hoursbeforeovulationandrisesrapidlythereafter.
Sedikitcatatan:
Maximalprogesteroneproductionoccurs3to4daysafterovulation.
Thelifespanofthecorpusluteumendsapproximately9to11daysafterovulation;
Ifconceptiondoesnotoccurthecorpusluteumundergoesinvolution(a
progressivedecreaseinsize)andprogesteroneproductionsharplydeclines
withdrawalofprogesteronereleasesFSH(negativefeedbackFSHlevels
begintorisepriortomenstruationandtheinitiationofanewcycle.
Thecarefullyorchestratedsequenceofestrogenproductionandthen
progesteroneproductionisessentialforproperendometrialdevelopmenttoallow
implantationofanembryo.
Iftheoocytebecomesfertilizedandimplantationoccursresultingzygote
beginssecretinghumanchorionicgonadotropin(hCG)sustainsthecorpus
luteumforanother6to7weeksAdequateprogesteroneproductionbythe
corpusluteumsustaintheearlypregnancy.
By9to10weeksofpregnancy,placentalsteroidogenesisiswellestablishedand
theplacentaassumesprogesteroneproduction.
Asthefunctionofthecorpusluteumdeclines,itdecreasesinvolumeandlosesits
yellowcolor.Afterafewmonths,thecorpusluteumbecomesawhitefibrous
streakwithintheovary,calledthecorpusalbicans.
SIKLUS OVARIUM
Hari 1-8:
FSH LH relatif tinggi memacu perkembangan 10-20 folikel ( tapi
hanya 1 yang dominan) di midfolikular (pertengahan folikular)