20

E SSENTIAL LATEX

Mathematical symbols








"
&

\alpha
\epsilon
\theta
\lambda
o
\varrho
\upsilon
\psi

\beta
\varepsilon
\vartheta
\mu
\pi
\sigma
\phi
\omega










\Gamma
\Xi
\Phi
#

'

\Delta
\Pi
\Psi

\gamma
\zeta
\iota
\nu
\varpi
\varsigma
\varphi






$
(

\delta
\eta
\kappa
\xi
\rho
\tau
\chi








\Theta
\Sigma
\Omega

\Lambda
\Upsilon
%

Table 1: Greek letters

)
1
5
9
=
B
F
J
@

\pm
\mp
\times
\div
\ast
\star
\circ
\bullet
\cdot

\cap
\cup
\uplus
\sqcap
\sqcup
\vee
\wedge
\setminus
\wr

.
2
6
:
>
C
G
K

\diamond
\bigtriangleup
\bigtriangledown
\triangleleft
\triangleright
\lhd @
\rhd @
\unlhd @
\unrhd @

/
3
7
;
?
D
H
L

,
0
4
8
<
A
E
I
M

\oplus
\ominus
\otimes
\oslash
\odot
\bigcirc
\dagger
\ddagger
\amalg

Not predefined in LATEX 2N . Use the packages latexsym or amssymb

Table 2: Binary operation symbols

O
U
Z
^
c
g
l
S

\leq
\succ
\simeq
\parallel
\subseteq
\sqsupset
\doteq
=

P
V
R
_

hS

\geq
\sim
\mid
\subset
\supseteq
\neq
\frown
\vdash

Q
W
[
`
VS
i
n
r

\equiv
\perp
\ll
\supset
\cong
\smile
\in
\dashv

Table 3: Relation symbols

RS
X
\
a
e

\models
\preceq
\gg
\approx
\Join
\sqsubseteq
\ni
<

T
Y
]
;b7
f
k
p
t

\prec
\succeq
\asymp
\bowtie
\sqsubset
\sqsupseteq
\propto
>

E SSENTIAL LATEX



21

\rmoustache
\arrowvert




\lmoustache
\Arrowvert



\rgroup




\lgroup

\bracevert

Table 4: Large delimiters



R

\uparrow
\{
\lfloor
\langle
|




\Uparrow
\}
\rfloor
\rangle
\|

\downarrow
\updownarrow
\lceil
/

\Downarrow
\Updownarrow
\rceil
\backslash


G

Table 5: Delimiters








!
'

$#
*

\leftarrow
\Leftarrow
\rightarrow
\Rightarrow
\leftrightarrow
\Leftrightarrow
\mapsto
\hookleftarrow
\leftharpoonup
\leftharpoondown






 
!
%
(
+
S

\longleftarrow
\Longleftarrow
\longrightarrow
\Longrightarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\longmapsto
\hookrightarrow
\rightharpoonup
\rightharpoondown




\uparrow
\Uparrow
\downarrow
\Downarrow
\updownarrow
\Updownarrow
\nearrow
\searrow
\swarrow
\nwarrow

&

"

Table 6: Arrow symbols

l l l

3
7
=
@

F
W

\ldots
\prime
\exists
\Diamond @
\top
\bot
\mho @

/
4
98
>
B

J J J

\cdots
\forall
\nabla
\imath
\flat
\clubsuit
\Re

..
.

0
5

?
H

\vdots
\infty
\surd
\jmath
\natural
\diamondsuit
\Im

Not predefined in LATEX 2N . Use the packages latexsym or amssymb

Table 7: Miscellaneous symbols

..

;
D

@
I

\ddots
\hbar
\Box @
\ell
\sharp
\heartsuit
\angle

2
/

<
E

\aleph
\emptyset
\triangle
\neg
\wp
\spadesuit
\partial

22

E SSENTIAL LATEX

\arccos
\arcsin
\arctan
\arg

\cos
\cosh
\cot
\coth

\csc
\deg
\det
\dim

\exp
\gcd
\hom
\inf

\ker
\lg
\lim
\liminf

\limsup
\ln
\log
\max

\min
\Pr
\sec
\sin

\sinh
\sup
\tan
\tanh

Table 8: Log-like symbols

\hat{a}
\check{a}







\acute{a}
\grave{a}



\bar{a}
\vec{a}





\dot{a}
\ddot{a}



\breve{a}
\tilde{a}

Table 9: Math mode accents

\sum
\bigcap
\bigodot




\prod
\bigcup
\bigotimes

\coprod
\bigsqcup
\bigoplus




\int
\bigvee
\biguplus




Table 10: Variable-sized symbols





 


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\widetilde{abc}
\overleftarrow{abc}
\overline{abc}
\overbrace{abc}
\sqrt{abc}
f

 







"!#!
5 $

,.@)-0(+* /

\widehat{abc}
\overrightarrow{abc}
\underline{abc}
\underbrace{abc}
\sqrt[n]{abc}
\frac{abc}{xyz}

Table 11: LATEX math constructs

13
6
:

8
=
@
C

F
@

\hbar
\triangledown
\circledS
\nexists
\Game @
\varnothing
\blacksquare
\sphericalangle
\diagup @

1
4

FI
;

A
D

>

\hslash
\square
\angle
\mho
\Bbbk @
\blacktriangle
\blacklozenge
\complement
\diagdown @

2
5
9

<
E

7
?

\vartriangle
\lozenge
\measuredangle
\Finv @
\backprime
\blacktriangledown
\bigstar
\eth

Not defined in style amssymb, define using the LATEX 2N \DeclareMathSymbol command

Table 12: AMS miscellaneous symbols

\oint
\bigwedge

E SSENTIAL LATEX

\digamma

23

\varkappa

\beth

\daleth

\gimel

Table 13: AMS Greek and Hebrew



\ulcorner

\urcorner

\llcorner

\lrcorner

Table 14: AMS delimiters










\dashrightarrow
\leftrightarrows
\leftarrowtail
\curvearrowleft
\upuparrows
\multimap
\rightleftarrows
\twoheadrightarrow
\rightleftharpoons
\Rsh
\downharpoonright




#
&
)





!
$
'
*

\dashleftarrow
\Lleftarrow
\looparrowleft
\circlearrowleft
\upharpoonleft
\leftrightsquigarrow
\rightrightarrows
\rightarrowtail
\curvearrowright
\downdownarrows
\rightsquigarrow








"
%
(

\leftleftarrows
\twoheadleftarrow
\leftrightharpoons
\Lsh
\downharpoonleft
\rightrightarrows
\rightleftarrows
\looparrowright
\circlearrowright
\upharpoonright

Table 15: AMS arrows

+

\nleftarrow
\nRightarrow

\nrightarrow
\nleftrightarrow
/

\nLeftarrow
\nLeftrightarrow

Table 16: AMS negated arrows

1
4
7
:
@

\dotplus
\Cup
\doublebarwedge
\boxdot
\ltimes
\rightthreetimes
\circleddash
\centerdot

2
5
8
;
>

\smallsetminus
\barwedge
\boxminus
\boxplus
\rtimes
\curlywedge
\circledast
\intercal

Table 17: AMS binary operators

3
6
9
<
?
B
E

\Cap
\veebar
\boxtimes
\divideontimes
\leftthreetimes
\curlyvee
\circledcirc

24

E SSENTIAL LATEX

\leqq
\lesssim
\lessdot
\lesseqgtr
\risingdotseq
\backsimeq
\sqsubset
\precsim
\trianglelefteq
\smallsmile
\Bumpeq
\eqslantgtr
\gtrdot
\gtreqless
\circeq
\thickapprox
\sqsupset
\succsim
\trianglerighteq
\shortparallel
\varpropto
\backepsilon

f


&

g
1

'

>

\leqslant
\lessapprox
\lll
\lesseqqgtr
\fallingdotseq
\subseteqq
\preccurlyeq
\precapprox
\vDash
\smallfrown
\geqq
\gtrsim
\ggg
\gtreqqless
\triangleq
\supseteqq
\succcurlyeq
\succapprox
\Vdash
\between
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright

"

<

\eqslantless
\approxeq
\lessgtr
\doteqdot
\backsim
\Subset
\curlyeqprec
\vartriangleleft
\Vvdash
\bumpeq
\geqslant
\gtrapprox
\gtrless
\eqcirc
\thicksim
\Supset
\curlyeqsucc
\vartriangleright
\shortmid
\pitchfork
\therefore
\because

Table 18: AMS binary relations

@

\nless
\nleqq
\lvertneqq
\nprec
\precnapprox
\nmid
\ntriangleleft
\subsetneq
\varsubsetneqq
\ngeqslant
\gneqq
\gnapprox
\succnsim
\nshortparallel
\nVDash
\nsupseteq
\varsupsetneq

\nleq
\lneq
\lnsim
\npreceq
\nsim
\nvdash
\ntrianglelefteq
\varsubsetneq
\ngtr
\ngeqq
\gvertneqq
\nsucc
\succnapprox
\nparallel
\ntriangleright
\nsupseteqq
\supsetneqq

Table 19: AMS negated binary relations

\nleqslant
\lneqq
\lnapprox
\precnsim
\nshortmid
\nvDash
\nsubseteq
\subsetneqq
\ngeq
\gneq
\gnsim
\nsucceq
\ncong
\nvDash
\ntrianglerighteq
\supsetneq
\varsupsetneqq

E SSENTIAL LATEX

25

Horrible Mathematical Examples to Study






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ii ` -0& ,
ii ,
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(3)

\begin{equation}
\prod_{j\geq 0}
\left(\sum_{k\geq 0}a_{jk} zk\right)
= \sum_{k\geq 0} zn
\left( \sum_{{k_0,k_1,\ldots\geq 0}
\atop{k_0+k_1+\ldots=n}
}
a{_0k_0}a_{1k_1}\ldots \right)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\pi(n) = \sum_{m=2}{n}
\left\lfloor \left(\sum_{k=1}{m-1}
\lfloor(m/k)/\lceil m/k\rceil
\rfloor \right){-1}
\right\rfloor
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\{\underbrace{%
\overbrace{\mathstrut a,\ldots,a}{k\ as},
\overbrace{\mathstrut b,\ldots,b}{l\ bs}}
_{k+1\ \mathrm{elements}}
\}
\end{equation}

\begin{displaymath}
\mbox{W}+\
\begin{array}{l}
\nearrow\raise5pt\hbox{$\mu+ + \nu_{\mu}$}\\
\rightarrow
\pi+ +\pi0
\\[5pt]
\rightarrow \kappa+ +\pi0
\\
\searrow\lower5pt\hbox{$\mathrm{e}+
+\nu_{\scriptstyle\mathrm{e}}$}
\end{array}
\end{displaymath}

l l l

\begin{equation}
\phi(t)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}
\intt_0 e{-x2/2} dx
\end{equation}

` ,.& & ` -0& & ` -&

` ,&
` -&
b
ii

ii

ii c
S
b

\begin{displaymath}
{F}(x,y)=0\quad\mathrm{and}\quad
\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
F_{xx} & F_{xy} & F_{x} \\
F_{yx} & F_{yy} & F_{y} \\
F_{x}
& F_{y}
& 0
\end{array}
\right| =0
\end{displaymath}

26

E SSENTIAL LATEX

6


ii 
ii

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ii
ii

6



 

a 6

i  Z
Di 6
D 6
D  ii
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ii
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6
6 i
ii
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\begin{displaymath}
\frac{\pm
\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
x_1-x_2 & y_1-y_2 & z_1-z_2 \\
l_1
& m_1
& n_1
\\
l_2
& m_2
& n_2
\end{array}\right|}{
\sqrt{\left|\begin{array}{cc}l_1&m_1\\
l_2&m_2\end{array}\right|2
+
\left|\begin{array}{cc}m_1&n_1\\
n_1&l_1\end{array}\right|2
+
\left|\begin{array}{cc}m_2&n_2\\
n_2&l_2\end{array}\right|2}}
\end{displaymath}

&

    
 
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(6)

GG

\newcommand{\CA}{C_{\rm A}}
\newcommand{\CV}{C_{\rm V}}
\newcommand{\CPA}{{C}_{\rm A}} \newcommand{\CPV}{{C}_{\rm V}}
\newcommand{\GZ}{\Gamma2_{\rm Z}}
\newcommand{\MZ}{M2_{\rm Z}}
\newcommand{\MZs}{{(s-M2_{\rm Z})}}
\newcommand{\BE}{\left\{\frac{\displaystyle 3-\beta2}{\displaystyle 2}\right\}}
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigmaf_0(Q,T_{3R},\beta,s) & = &
\frac{4\pi\alpha2}{3s}\beta \times
\left[ \frac{Q2 \BE - 2Q \CV \CPV s \MZs}{\MZs2 + \MZ \GZ \BE}
\right.
\nonumber \\[-3mm]
&
&
\\[-3mm]
& + &
\left.\frac{(\CV2 + \CA2) s2}%
{\MZs2+\MZ\GZ\left\{\CPV2 \BE+\CPA2 \{\beta2\}\right\}}
\right]
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

Bibliography
1 Leslie Lamport. LATEXA Document Preparation SystemUsers Guide and Reference Manual. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1985.
2 Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, volume A of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
3 Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin. The LATEX Companion AddisonWesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1993.