Foc Ontineinfo. Exercise No. 1.1 ‘an caay approach fe Sntermotiate | According to Sy labus Of Punjab Text Book Board For Class X11 Aaailable Onlin @ hp: anwfconline inf Farctior ard Limits Concept of Functions: Historically, the term function was first used by German mathematician Leibnitz (1646-1716) in 1673 to denote the dependence of one quantity on another e.g. : 1) The area “A” ofa square of side “x” is given by the formula A: AS area depends on e.x, $0 we Say that A is a function of x . 2) The area “A” ofa circular dise of radius “r” is'given)by the formula A=z 7° As area depends on its radius r, so we say that,A isa function of r. 3) The volume “V" ofa sphere of radius *r'isigiven by the formula V= xofthe form y =x or fio) = x. Domain and range of Lis x. Note. I (x)= ax +b be a linear fn if a=1,b=0 then 1(x)=x or y=x is called identity fn 4) Constant Function: or C:X+y — definedby| f:X — ylff(x)=c, (const) then fis called constant fn C)=a — VxeXandacy eg. C:ROR egy-5 C(x)=2 or y=2_ VxeR Ex # 1.1 —FSc Part 25) Rational Funetion: Pix) RQ») = PO) 2) Both P(x)and Q(x)are polynomial and Q(x) #0 Bx? 44x41 eg. RQ) = “s Sy 42°41 Domain of rational function is the set of all real numbers for which Q(x)# 0 6) Exponential Function: A function in which the vatigbl®ppears as exponent (power) is called an exponential function. i) psa" axeR a>0 ii) xe Rand e=2.178 iii) Yor y=e" aresomeexp onential functions. 7) Logarithmic Function: if s a0 aal a'iscalled thebaseof Logarithemic function Then y=log," is Logarithmic functionof base'a’ i) If base=10then y = logy." iscalled common Logarithmof x ii) If base 2.718 yelog’ =Inx —— iscallednatubal log 8) Hyperbolic Function: We define as i) y=sinh(xy =" —" Sine hyperbolic function or hyperbolic sine function Dom={x/xeR} ‘anid Range={y/ ye Ry i) y=cosh(x iscalled hyperboliccosine function=> x € R,y €[1,0) 2 e iif) y=Tankx= ae poe iv) oth ete coshx sinhx vy) y=sechx = xeR coshx vi) y=cosechx = - Dom ={x#0:xeR sinh e"-e 9) Inverse Hyperbolic Function; (Study in B.Sc level) Ex # 1.1 —FSc Part2i for xeR ii) for VxeR and x>I itt) and wv) O vi) x20 10) Trigonometric Function: Functions Domain(x) Range(y) i)y =sinx All real numbers -l x= Tany xeR asa or —wexco y=Sectx eo x=secy xe R-(-1,1) y =Cosec" x x=coty xeR 12) Explicit Funetion: Ify is easily expressed in terms of, then y is called an explicit function of x. S>y=f) eg y w+xtl ete, 13) Implicit Function: Ifx and y are so mixed up.andly cannot be expressed in term of the independent variable x, Then y is called an implicit function of x. It can be writenas, fix y) = 0 eg. Hayy y= 2ete, 14) ~~ Parametric Function: Fora function y=/(x) if both x& y are expressed in another variable say ‘t” or @ which is called.a parameter of the given curve. Such as: i) x=at’ Parametric parabola y=2at ji) x=acost Parametric equationof citele y=asint vty iii) acos® Parametric edudtioh of Ellipse ¥ bsind vi) Ex # 1.1 —FSc Part210 Exercise 1.1 7. Parabola A) > whichis sameas (I) which is equation of parabola. ii) x=acos0, y=bsind => x2 ¢080. ) and ii) Toeliminating® from (i) and (ii) a Squaring and adding (i)and (ii) representa Ellipse brand : afi) fe tN vesesneesQ( ii) Squaring and Subtracting (i) and(ii) (J -@) ec? @ ~ tan? Q8. (i) sinh 2x = 2sinh xcosh RS = 2sinh xcosh x =2 h2x= LHS ii) Ex # 1.1 —FSc Part 2= sech?x= LHS cosh? x iii) coseh’x =coth? x-1 RH.S =coth? x-1= = cosech2x = LHS sinh? x 09. f(a ex replace xby—x (x)= (-a)) + (-4) = =f (x)=2x +x isodd function ii) f(x)=(x+2) replace xby-x f(-x)=(-¥ 42) #£f(x) f(x)=(x427 isneither even nor odd iit) f(x)=aNe +5 replace xby-x F(-x)=(-x) (ex + =-[ +5] =—f(x) J (x)isodd function, iy fg s xt replace xby—x 1_-(e+l) et fOr =I) x-1 aoe f(x)isneither even nor odd function: yf (x)= 46 replace xby-x f(-)=(-2)' +6=[(-a)' | 8-8! +6= (2) f (x)is aneven function. Ex # 1.1 —FSc Part 2