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    105 views21 pages

    Introduction To The Romantic Period

    Uploaded by

    api-298533344

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    The Romantic Period 1785-1830 eo ay 1798 100 ‘ah ede eu then ‘The Bish Romani po teas comples an der ny oher period in ierary history or many deat he wen cena sa nl out fe poe Nord Colin Bee, Reoy hohe Sed Kents, dng Dk ite tomas sthsnd constecrcdnans ‘nied Romans on the bas of thr wo But thee ee es fell al even te solo alba oft 17965 Words ah Caer, neretg on day sydd wo se dt Byron despised bth Caries mtepyas and Wordovrts hes oe ‘asic of pot Shelly an Kes nee oposite ples eres ates Sblistaly wed philic lle as na alien te ce mm Nowadays hough hss pots re il he principal canonical ges bysnyneanie oni recog mack eater ees std accomplishment, erty and oer: Tn 1998: he ovat Ws ‘woh nl Cae et Eri Batam ote mas ad oh St etn; Worms nee inlaedameng te Sep inDand Rivers tony Nona veg toro Oe echt eer and Lien Bala as pbihedanemmeasy bcos Cee, the pbs, “Worwoths name sothing-t sre nuns rss mie st” Some ti steel posts a he tne nee Somer—Avna Baraat Charloe Sh May Rb orth Coleg bot of whom weenie collegues aboson 2he ws pty efor fhe MorngPsw inte 12908 Inked po ikem an ented some of ther evs fom then The rex ofthe es ‘tabled gues weet ter cighteenth-cenaty pets ho ened ste endt ne | of is aniblagy" Cy Cong, Cen Conpe ——_—————_—E in putt, Only Byron mong the principal pots, wo ntl amos tind Felisi ema aned Latta Landon ean his lose race abet eles ie poets anc wo neiovred wit mutaude of pall, sok, ad ccotanke cage Foloving # ndesprend practice of bisriant of English erature, we fens by the'Tontone fri te span between the ear 1785, the mi Pt of the cecde in wach Som! Johoson ded snd Blake ad Burne ube th st poems, and 130, by wich ine th major writers of {erecedingcetuy were iter dead ar molonger rodutv. This was a furlent pt, ding wich Eagland expend the ordeal of change from penariy sgicorl sacs, where wes and powee bad been Concenatd nthe landldig aristocracy, moder Indust nation, in'nich the balance of economic ower sited oleate employes, fn themes eral ening and ners. Inwy restive working class And ths change cturved a context af ‘relatos the Amercan and then the mich more adcal French indo wats economic eles oition and depression and of he con Stent treat te the soil ture fr pated revltionary desloge te which the ring clases expanded by the ceprestion of tol His The esky pro ofthe French Revolution, masked by the Deletion of the Might f Mon sd the string of the Ballet eae impsoned Puli oflcrer, croked enthuse suport fom English berate and Fecal le Tce important books epioaze the radial vac ting, ‘Mmalsted bythe Revoluion. Mary Weltaneca’s A Vindetion ofthe Fig of Maw (1790) peed the French Revlon aguas Edmund Bk sack in hi Ralectn on the Revolution Frans (175). Ta Pains of a (1791-91) ao advocated for Engh » dem ci epi tha to beached eer prestres Fle, By pop lor revelaicn, Nove inportant at an infence on Wordsverth, Perey ‘Shel and aes pote Wau Gols Inu) Conerng Pot. el Janice (1793), Which frtld an neal but peel colon of "ing in whch al epery would be ely ded ‘na all gonesnment wou wither avy But English sespathizers opp Ait oy the Reation flowed ks nceaigly im aad lent cour: the accent poe: by cabin enemies the "Soper Masares” fhe oe plese nobly in 1792, lle bythe acaton Sf he King and queens the ison bythe French Repebhe of the Rhise Und end Neti and fer of armed wince ta counties te meno tes governments wick eg England ao the Stor aps Face, the gllodning af thousands i the Regn of Teor Uiet"Robesene an fer the exciton inthe turn the nen ‘had diet the Teor the snvergence of Napoleon Bat a dictate Ul then at emperor af Prane."Ar Wersoorth ote In The Pre iti 206"08, Fox Wordove ‘ol eget croc Teles Wa ‘stom, but in Engle hove ih wes Th reed ta (hor chines f Somes Wat toner Slow chang frre A tesgoned seven 1770 a) owed a cher mi engin ‘rea hl wa, et masks the opal walled the Sel ond ‘the mi vite of aplyer ont oF French Fie con ‘adil Caan ‘ing maf the by por Pati. in of sna dropped the Tee ! | Faenchmen had changed aw of self-defence Whit they had struggled or For Wert and other Enlish obseves of iberalieliatons, dese Fett pose denn that bree aaa agin fe the 1920s in ‘Stl’ os elton, andthe tua by competing sci ie loges—tberds hin siete could wholeheartedly expose: Napleo, eS ond champon af the French Revlon, had become am ache ie car «dsp and she under new dons yt sot al howe ropes do forthe wrong eons, wth heres that is ial eka Wards in 1815 proved be the rumph, not of popes and ‘tin bat of tectionory despre hvaghout ontinetal Earape In England ds wan prod of hab epesave means, P ngewe robbed: hans cnp a surpended forthe Bi ine oer "Fonired yer und dvocater ef even adeate pllical change were “ged wih high esson fn time of we The elk ofthe Naplcoie Strat ead slo for nny thee decade. “a this wes the very tine when prfod economic and soc changes ‘wre cening 2 dspeae eed for ceresponding changes im pbteal etngemers acl new clseteanufctrng ther Gh cura ‘ter iegoning demands ox In goverment proportionate thee eakh"The Mistral’ Revlaian”—the shit manufacturing that ‘Gated for te ivetion af pomeriven tachinery to replace band Tithe beg tm the mi-pcenth cen wih iproresnts in Iochines for pce tenes a woe given immense pets ‘he James Wat prec he stem eine In L765. the succeeding deades ict replaced nnd oi este she primary source of power none ater Stee of matting, ad ster anu of lost impercepy “low chang, thee began that cveraccelratng tenon in econo rd Soc conins which shows mesg of sowing dwn in the foreseeable Ferre A ne boring ppulaon omen he spring il towne that bengeooed in cental anothern lan. irae communities the Aestcton of ome fasts wee accompanied bya rapid growth ofthe proces lomente by Ole Colima Tie Dotted Vilage es} as {0 of encning open els and comurly worked farms in eal tnned apicond elings-Encosire was by and large neces forthe Ino fiat hod of giculte nd anima breeding requ supp a froingpopattion (hough some of the land th acquired was uted Into vo pote sta) nay ean, cen ne nde clas tt her migrated the instvar mained 3 fam borers sb Selig on staan ages shed ot by an nadoqate dl, The landscape ‘Flan began aa on ie modem appearance the tert open wen suave in a chechecboor of els enlosed by hedges and tone rl wi he fore the dus and trainees astig pall of Tras vst es ty lt user apd lar tenements: Meath the becoming neresingy plated into wht Dial ater allen "Tio Nathons—the te cle of copa abo, the ge ‘neo ads the posesianee wageworer che ch andthe oot No atom was mae a regulate tht shi fom the oli eomamie wkd tothe me, nat nly beaut of neta sd the power of ested crest bu Unis ie This tecy ott sone hls tha he yee welfare on be ensued ony bythe fe operation a economi vs the gperamene shot ‘maintain a poly af ce noninteference and ewe people opus hel rite inerets Fore great majriy ofthe aorng cas theresa of thisptcy were inadecaate gr, lang hors f werk underhshpoe in soni conditions altho lnge sale employment wen ancien fer taks thet destoed both the boy ad the st Reporte ron the col mines, where mae an cnale citer of fen of te ve years of pe vere htesse ees cos sledge tat they deg byeawiingon het hands anne, ea ik scenes om Dante Ifo 1 1815 the conelsin ofthe French wat wen the ernment a the Working force by derblzed pe conced wh the al the wating demand fer pods, brag on the Best modern Ista depression, Since the mores had no vad wer prevented by law rom oi, ee nly reuurses were petins protest meeting again, nd unger ot ‘nhc oly Eightened thei cle ita tare repressive mesa In ‘Main the inodueton of er sachin resulted Eat ssa jobs {nti provoked spi atenpt by diposesed wort to dst the aches Aer one sich outbveny the Hace of Lon lest Lond Byron's eloquent prote—psced bl (1812) olin den he pesky fr destroying the frames used for weaning Inthe seleng indsy 1819 imctings of workers vere organised to demand pasnentary efor: In Agito tat ye» hge ht ovr ely Peds Fics San ‘ester, was charged I top, eo lle ine and eee inj hu res more his Was the notorious “Petedoa Matas s0 named ih ironic reference to the Bute f Watson, The ent nied Perey Shay to wite hs poem the woking le Eland 119,41 SoM of England To Stdneth nd Caslregh Sulering wat lage confined tothe poor, however, forall his while he landed clase the nels sd muy he merc prospered. The rich Emp expand agaresivey bth westward pest becoming the most pores colonial presence tothe worl The Bt Et Indl {Compa ale the nie on subcontinent at tne an bck Sane [aor the West Inde generted reat wlth or Beh planation es tnd tele ovescers In Landon the Regeny prod (1311-20 ws fr the ese casa tne of vish play ae mol ou the pons the ‘sent inher eountry hose cared on ser family and snc conc Feed inthe novel of Jane Austen almost toch by great nna hd neon ent Asin caer Engl istry, women conse deine css hat cut stots scal lesen, far thoy wee wisp repel a nei teen Intellect ondinall but damental. Tey were theorem hooligan no fase for higher eucaton hd ol oy eestor nent them, ere suet tid ade af sexual be, nd pos ‘essed (especially aer marge) moto lo igs In ope of thee ‘sais hiss thls ora ish itertne whieh women wees began to val men i ei amber tel sucess ete Heray he categry fpr cu ccc Ul Fey hd orcas, sith Inthe revo ‘Meteo tls of he women Se equal ine foment ight the Vitor ean ‘ral ang the Dut che presues rome, could mt be Since alia! dsl Ingen former a ‘Whig Fiat ton and dvd Felons Bl wae poe the eaten borough The depo na Ile the new ind ‘hele clas, al vant a fanhie Ines y patie wet go om, by a 38 the word soo 99 atopy somber of soparte tnd Roe Southey, {nes Ligh Hr nate Sate Sc ‘Many athe wae stent thei tine inet sod ima tthe age” They ha “teat spats ow ol tisese of eee 4 Incr reine toro the age har iter lilewphy of feline an be ment shel Spurn hee ‘he sult af oh dine Snide tema enot theres ste lifer tment of he {he wating Palen, hee ce, ‘deaoy te Aspe Lod wey In 1819 *retum, In Frc Man injured a ‘med ith *eey Shelley na Mnf ‘while he spore The arbecimaing ‘ie ine Alar sve ofthe sovice the Toncems= sesenatinal la that at Sedna aml poe Moot tise einer, xpos and soc commento a el or oats TUE fet se ine nel women ltelin) Rede). Fa eda piy, Homante Foy owen. Unie the men Je tein mchin he way of depen an pede coed {hey hn pra, women ial nope ng an a any Walercray wh had writen sey dees of et Pe A Vind of the igh ote (190) lowe Peet Andes te Rg of Women, onalng Le eels maven Watson ete tht ween a se tlc cul avd sents esd demanded fr he SS fl fort ecto ard socntonal preps The cause See fet hover seman up byte rane al SW and een pol cheenent ie ins s delay ent ‘alone wens cnt sa sus fr rm te pegs of mena set fom a Et lnm ey scent cea expel Yel dks wor ar ned labore Gada te wore sere anuted hours the mills andthe eal ‘SUG Huns im cfacueetonone dem oder presented Wet ne insted wea ia eto, th it Meee lone pane 1833, anodised eng I eat ton OF stig eros est ws snr in Conon wee = {EG eaneatebtel purtomenr represen seit wads ein ond ested hee, logh about all trl cle ot wong dan al wen ened a che the pina ef he ene astm cnng et eae ery hat cn ml eed, nd efor sae pagel Ena acted wees ol aoe ‘Ween Wordont's aime di otto Uhelocrd war no applied unl hal «centr ter, by English rian. (Chotnpoay eres nd ever teested thems indpendentnaidals ‘Sete grape the len ius but ih some asin et) fe tke eset shea ihe Lal Shea” of Wordsworth, Core, Ind Rober Southey, the Casey School» dereptry term fox the Lan ‘tes Laight, Will Haran ottcnted iter, nling Kes hal"the Satie School” of Byron, Percy Shelley, nd thei ollowers ‘Many af te waters however, dee hat her wes sarc distin sou te tme not ashe doctrine o terry uly, buts pevsie inllectant snd ign cite, which some of thm called “the spi tl the ope Thy ba he see tha (os Kot sald ion of is sonnet) “Gree apis won eat te sojourning” and that there was erence of ‘sets nergy. epesimentl baie and creative power hat mats = Incr rena Init fons of Parry Shel clamed that the Be ive etc ape ches orient ere rom rob," andthat "an lecee THe bar within she wou te bs eters whieh less thel sp tha ‘he epi ofthe age Shel ephined thierry spite an accompe tent of plical socal kt, and ter att peed Frcs Jee, he fremon cnperan revere af th dy. comacted ie ree Tan in ot erate wth he spatos othe Penh Revlon, and the dscuion wl asthe hoet nd tert hich pe xeon Hadi ho pulshalabokot exayeaed The Spt efheige dsred how in hi aly Joh the Peach Roolaon seed te down ft "en pe adc pie ome ines The ne pst of the snl of Warr eaten inte Fee lation... wana rome avenea of tne rand eters “helnagaton a many Noman wins indeel, pcoeype th ‘he fad en tion ae say pat te Fence al he eating Engl writers exept Edmund ark were nop ih it and Raker Butt, Willa Bde, Wordaverth, Clg, Southey, one ay Wollanecra ee among semen sarc Late eve afer fist bounds expen had been appointed bythe events rane the younger iter, Inling Har, Hn, Soe, ted Bon fl a ‘sexampl, hen ped aftr least honey sbesthope “he feaaon gener ne feslng ht ts er ae ef beginning when by cng tal aceors nto usta ereying was pose, and oly nthe poe wl sel a but inlet ond erent a wel nhs Pre Wordsworth we the dase depo of hc pl the ny 1900 Toes song {the top ofan hous, And ante scming rn apn otha te whol Earth, he beauty wore of promise Something oi sense ns pss ed esac of pint ren France an nied roth yn 1997, when Wooweand Coleg inex day communion, elton on rounds alms the Doltesfdemocrary.the theory an pact of acy The pos of there ‘ican the Lal Balto 1998) ‘Words undenook toy the new oc bya rte manifest, statement of poetic nips, Bes arson verisement ne sie {cl Ballads chen he form af an extend Pretest he second ction in'800, whieh henge sl athe the td eaten 1803 nit he ‘thins in oposon the Ieray ain gine, tse weer a he ‘tcc centry wn, hive ad mposd on poet artical cn ‘cnt doe tofeetndccaateptenme Monette: iste cal wring vere sins to cy, batess, or quay Yas tae nhs fi delatinn. Coleg sd tha he refs aac f'my on fai an although he soon developed outs sb sae of ‘Wordorotsungared tate sod unde ect hem nd phi itera {1817} he did ot gotston the sightnes ol Words tempt to vet the veigig dion, the tous of the epee ‘entry there had bess Ierestingtppeion tothe triton of Dryden ope, nd Jonson: depen he 140 aller here a emerged ‘many ofthe erie ences, a well aa me a the peti abet ad foes that. ware te] Gorter rete] Inno berate them the extol te the concen slsincve element Romantic ped 1 eimtatian of Bam] tae that the poy Ind vepenteidee ths eat the sour posta pi aria and coe] Saalter thee awe her Roman ‘cet rat instead ft the ut tent aid denna ‘Sin ented pol others” | ity deserbed» pou tick they oppor Taloing German theo, sed on Seat rk a ters {hor bein th a Jang tot be pot td eves 2 {each ater ond nsceord with temperament he ‘nor kid, bes the mow sent Tefen seat 8 lover or Cain och econ the oon of Wor Siater, the tite accord hes fsa confess} Retna wating tony the be ‘ea fos in Chi pengetve as in hoc tan and “levered ‘iw ofa spect of “ene He ‘teen ‘elution hy with, whey and aaterthe in France, ‘that Besthope rte ing ‘orlat ~clee, we tote oltre sexo ‘igi ‘dettin Tinthe ofthe dewots 5 poins sieck sone of sin i fewoths sheath Diyden, merged ream forms, that were Iter exploited by Wordsworth and his contempt \Wordsvorths Pree newetes deserve rputation a9 ug pst In Eager, or Wordoerthwthred up elated eas one them naa eae theory be on exp eel pines and de them the atonal for his own aehivemente ara pore. We cn conveniently ge the concepts this invent esany pinto depts fers ure sf dstnetve elements tht ae wide Inthe they and pty Ue Romane psa 1 The Concept of Paty ad the Pot eresetatve stent ent tert od reped pty pny an titan of aman fein » frequent Spe, “smi held Up raat the poet afl ener a pat oan oder dese to and gv st laure totic reader, ordre, one eter hand, epeat dserbet al good pots, athe mre of compote, “the spontaneots wer fow of poner cng Reversing enc aay be thusioe he souee as oc not nthe oer word, bet nt nach Joes and metic that the ental mater oft prem were rote Peer and vents bt the inne fring heather” feral objects Lniater these hae been anafrmed or sty the utr ergs Other Haran tcc, However dere In ether tape encarted 9y tering pina vo TKe min, evan, and naga af the poe instead of tothe oncr wl an perce bythe sens forthe ogi, cn cn, ad defining attrbutes soem. Many wie, sich Charate St Mente fete Gn metphore pelo Words vero) asltecgreson er "utcans" ate of ation, Belen Shel ity deseral por ss an enbotimen ofthe pcrs image ron, ‘hich they oppose the rin word of common expince Cal Tstwing eran precedent scduced into Engh rican an ange theory, eon te al ofthe ruth lan Toate conc fret wok a ersure to be ss orgaug and slogans ces that beg it pcb te inthe pos Iapnaton, ows by asin Iti bot he p's Testings nd te dere mater sence eopeienc, tn eves tte egeic we nw he tee intel eed tech ether and te woe inaccord with th that pty express the poets on lings aed temperament, he ye pocm we inthe fit pesson, xe eel et ‘nr knd beste nor Roman firm al at fended the won event port al the ge Nod Rote the 1 fen na scroll ipa i sperr, echo Petrarch lve or Caer gla of Ekzethan and cventecaircntny lene es BC has recone ts ofthe pot ov psn ad eetmsancs To the por af Word Coley Sly, Rat, Say Let Laon, Soli the xpos dst od expres bythe pent Shen acon crc withthe at of he pots ie ad wh he fetonal confess nthe pets resonate ven nhs otensy Fetal tings erate drmt), Ryon sly ne is ees to ently the ber with the ao whether the her pest oma tcl (amin Childe Hari, Moc sd the Osea as) er nan tone Perot fo nD Jun. Aa ce insane this eneney oS ‘eferece is Werder’ Pre, hich ia poem fei length and epl The Peds epics other npn endncles inthe peo. ike [Bake Coleg his eu poums, nd lar an Seley Worderonhnes ts himself as what he elle" chosen sons or Bard" fests {he pean noice of poet proper, osedon ston anne pone Inthe Bible, andpots himself forwards spakesmanfortedtonal eg elation a te of pretound crea tne sg Wordants nd tebe 20 Th Pree, "of deition and dismay’ nl the meancly was hopes to (Son and poker ae spol err aloe soc ‘he bic poet-jophet was dinate mle persona) As bonds Wonk ‘ont andthe her viskonary post stot to eine the ied rote «vie redemption by reconstituting the pound of hoe aed proven {he coming ofa ine in which encwed aman il ub ese tach on which nen and women wl fel shroghly at hoe,“ reas ao ian sare of a cea ery for of Egshy of Eunos Rermanicalong wrk aha te uma of he se oeenceeng ‘ona isa ested nthe adel metal ofa intro ara ‘uc fot ent and destined spiitahome.Othernlahoson Pes olthisform te Bakes Mito, the cre epaode of See's enone Jouey in Shelly's Promutheas Ua, eats Emin nl Tea a ‘Hiperion, an, tn Vietoan poetry, Elnabth Bare Brownangs Asso, ‘Legh There ae equivalent developments n contemporary wes thecal revlon the persanal esis of Lamy Heit on Ligh Hn sod she mene of pra autobiograpy, wheter tonal Thomas Cres Sartor Beste) ce preseted fc (Coleridge's Baga Litera, To sma De Quinery'Conesions ofan Engi Opn ater on atic Shack 2. Pete Spostansty and Fredo Wordsworth deed good poet nat merely the overflow but “the spon ‘anno over els, tn eadsonal eae teary pce had een ‘eawded ov sipenely an art~an at tot n moter ines pace By ‘ects who hae ssinilted classe pecedente ae aere ofthe “ee ovring the Ln of poem they are weg and excep fo the flees tha a Pope al are eyo the each of it) delbertely cgay sed ‘means o achieve facia effects pn an sudlence, Bato Werden athough the composion a prem gear Semotonceeliceed teangliy* an ory be preceded anal byelection the nite ‘ctl compesion mtb spartans tha sng om pi, sod fice fram al roles and te al manipulation of ments a Fteoe ae Other spartan Romance esr aso iced decorator of tte ine penience from inbred precept. Ket sted ay alone py ones not a natal athe faves ts te tha ter not come fal [lke fesse that he wot rm pron and Vision and thee og “pepe” pou lin was pent him by a agency ot net od ‘roced wtthoutLabor or Say Shelly alba e-aneren tose thatthe Best sigs of poway are pied by lead stay sd ‘uggesed intend at they oe the prod af nanconscioun eats A a tae or pcre gros unde the power of eats eld the rs wom comin swell he f ther eet beled Romantic pc the peholo tnd vole The enpha| soled oa if (eines a fac the mndreligous} the bean tr} In his Pry ac seni Seadiiedo| of Romani servation Tose of har othe por Neither Roma sim af ths insted th Suppose a snbjecton 1 ee Werdoe Tides Fro Ke’ Na that thik treat pe een | The Rec ein Tn adliion, powie equial tod Lite hp prope Unboot vest ‘ys ‘Work veo ovated rade eng Fal of seat ta he sige’ ‘sted ‘ain diate and snd cs. oat on ad the ious” Thevursing manuscripts ofthe Remntcpoes howe ‘sve asthe testy of abeewer show tha they worked an reworked {eet ols araouely if prhpe more nme wr te pe tut of fist concepson~than the poser of eer age, Coleg, who bale that eth Tes na unon af opposer, eae clef the fects of Romantic rate ene aimed that th ac composingpcts inact the pschalgealconraes "af ssn and of wil of pnts pulse nl af wnt panos “The emphasis inthis prod onthe Sree activ ofthe imagination i related (oan itence onthe etetal cle of isin, an the Felis a "the heat to supplement the judgments af the pare opel Fal “the hea whether inthe province of ete ay, pitenophcl andreas wt, earl godess “Desp thinking, Coletge wrest anal ony by 2 na of deep Fig ard sl tth spi of reve Ino’ ene, "2 metaphyseal cation that oes telly someting fn thebeats tivo to Be suspected a pega, ‘in his Prec, Worhvorth wrote tht havea all mes endarored to Ink stn ay ijt odin supplementary Ey be emia tht fom Dryden tong Pope there ey one om ta rate "Tom wich cn beled tn the ye af per ha eos Sen fad onic” Aslance the blew cntetof ony elton af famune pons il sho the deer to which he mature sen hee tecome pin potest le Node Shely anderen mate olerge and Kea diced atl phenee wa on acaery of beraton that adn eer match inks sty te cpt ie sas Because ofthe roninene of landscape inthis ped, "Romantic poe hast the popular mind boone sia yeas wh “ere Yost Neither Hemi hry nor pace however sesh pn ta oe aim a his pty a een oh ow nk. Woswach fat Inset aby ober nd desert ejecs wc sogh recente ot alse coo fer poy ts ne Supposes al he hh utes of the mind to epson n asa of subjection to exe beets And wile many af the reat Ramat fe ics" Wordworths Ter Abie and Ofe fal of fon ele fags Fo ot Mii un Depetin Shelly Othe Wes Wid, et Nighingale— ln ith am ope cg etn the ater scene ths eves ob stilt te mst catch see, ‘hat of thing The gee Ronse crature pcm ae noe ely !neitatv poems noch the presented sone tse tors on ema! Problem or persona ish whos evelopment and resto const he ‘Srpniaing pnp othe orm. Ax Wordsworth sa nis Prospect a he ech ot mate bat he Ming of Manny hn la tego of wy sone Tnciton, Romane oes habitually endow the ndscape wth human lite psion and exesvenes: pat such dsc represen! the ie eqialen of t= metaphyaal concep of mar, ui fed dee a | ‘epee in deliberate revolt agin the wore of th sient pllsophers af the seventeenth and eighcenth centres, he tonesened te ee rll neha wrconseigof pel panels oe, Whee is need in phosophy, Coleridge wt "the ssa a ie et incligenes forthe phlvopy of meshariam, while in eng 'smet worthy ofthe human nel, stes Deas "Bat or any Rasen et it was a matter of immed ciperince to frp tthe oat ‘esc ona ving entity that parts nthe ecg thcebreces ‘Thomson and ober descr pets the preceding cetyl degre the created universe a ging dae ccna Cd snd even etal oo sesing the ates of din In Taner Abe and athe pn Was orth vhs tomrd the lndscape atts er scntnene he ea tring had eae fl nt ony for Ge, at aor fathers then belo Elsewhere, a nthe great pastage on cessing Spon Pac rele 6625), Wordsworth a ene the anctent tecogeal cones that Gots cretion constitutes ssymbeleyem apnea at ‘ote ten Apocalypa, the Book ef Reelin Characters ofthe peat Apocaps The types and symbol Extn, OF tad at add ad boat ed ‘This ow that matures cone to an inner or «pial wold underaya tendency especialy lac and Ferg Shelly ace Sat ty in which ao, a sunflower a mouea soe or es reserted a a abject imbued wih. pcnce Brendel 1 aa seck in what T ae” Seley si, ihe Memes ef some yee reset and tng object" And by Dike mee mature se poeeen ete Dyce ae unbumarzed byte mpnaion. me ated eae oe pony fs op af me 4 The Glrcation ofthe Onna au the Ont two ectaes on Wordworth Hast ced tat the schol poetry Founded by Wardevorth was the itery eget ofthe Eee Reels tion, tansning pele charges in postal epecnents “Ring oa eens were dettond rom tht rn a sation epnnce perce, a they were decapsted clewhere The parsdor hose tele at with that ll things ae by nate cpl subject fr Poetry of tht thre i any preteence to be gee, thse ee ee ‘meaner a mest umpemning ie the et Hlth in nin Wordswortstateet that theatre! lads sae choot icin and situation fom commen lig Sel isa, ‘eet of angge elyspokenby men whch tie souree aed al {s "humble nd ust ie." AS act shenly satis wr oscil ether than stintly sry defen othe prope mura ed Coney Foxe. Veuiers ofthe later decades the ice centn hele Imered withthe simple treatment of single sfc, aad Roker Boge ke Waco a spmpatier ith the French Hehion ed ed ent pric success repression af humble de tnaennes really sok by rst: the women pots expecially Batal, Rabe Baile—ssiniated othe poe the ers mater of creme Bet and vo om asi cng filbe wes malay rind oval ‘sn wend tobe Cater sth Fem | | theun! and itt el a me ai as as te the a is Wosdevarth underwr is poetic practice with theory that inetd the trndional hrnchy fori ere eject and iby seating humble mid tee andthe lin le wich oer Chon were pro ate ‘ty to te ony past tothe penipalsubjec and meu for pty in gence nd ais cm practi Hee abo noted, Wordsvarth ent ten farther and tre forthe abject af is serio poets ot ony to homble people bt athe nomi, the outa the Jlnguenteo. ‘ets female apts, gp ot hove and ma hts a elas 0 “ean pels, alge barbers Hence the outage of Lon Bren, wie lone eno is rsoreontemposies insisted tht Dgden and Pope Had i out the proper rad fo pact, and who in pt of his eral Inpltir-maintine bi erryallance ba to rstocratc ropes ant tional poet decor Peles" nl "Bouts" an" Wagons"! Ob ye shades (OF Pope ad Dryden ate we come th? Haat ao ins ha, is deratiton of pox, Wonders he tot niga pat owing Crain Word ye Balas was ith pec noe adie then any of his contnprses He ‘sled gray is ener Inpate spatbs and ough ts he ee fiw entre age of teed erent wk a if eng ened y wes fs pee Itshould ented weve Worth anya Ball noth trepsentbe wo art sb he annonce hi Pre, {won ger Satunion fom common ee can eating a So, wey ody sng shld epee othe mind an ‘Sul soeet Ashe pnge inde, Woden conc ns ty Sar nt ony enon ut ith ery hing no pec {eprom woe sng th etordiay even biel {ot ht cake yaty ha brn degsny—vardeike “common, nay "veya humble ther apd oppo tsb Chevbide ene Hom tonow nt sate tea tana ‘orcs or seat wonder indeed of nly Ine sel Semnonges te tv sed he oy So Jomeon hdd that wonder i pause of eon” ad ht all wonder the lect fm epon gerne” Bot fr ny Roman ‘eto mune pte nd tha seo of wonder presuned {She ry te gn fd the nce ne pin owe of eg ton ss ae fant of poy Commenting nh peal at othe gai of Worn ey poe Bora Lerche Cite reared" cine he cls rae of wonder sd nol wht perce yay prep fous ad ener ilar. hc vg feta pee cela to wale ote wade esha fete epetntion (tana ot Fy nid Shy is fee Pry, epost ‘hecommnn tne pune om ord sip he ln fom tn wih abc unt se wor of or began “cee se theunives fer hasbeen Mantel by weteaton "Anda Cac Sor Ae (183354) he Gained he nef the Corin Ft peta fon Spain nee athe able wna 1 tense ofthe "Naural Su ce he “stom eh bn ur tothe acoso ilprecarting, incl" The great pover ofthe lapnaton, according al hee wera IStha makes theo word ew a 5. The Superman and “Stange Benny In most of is poems Coleg, the Wordorth, dese withthe everyday ‘hing ef is worl nd in Fr at Mui showed how wel tos aul achive tho efet of wonderin the nian: Coleridge tel (Blogpie iterri, chapter 18) that according to the son 9 lr {rel Bats, hs special faction wa achieve wander by 9 nk i. lation of mtr ls ad he went cours event in poems of whieh “the incidents an gene were ob, part len, saperonrel The Rime the Anceat Mrier, Chisel and dle Kim, Colon pened pte poes inthe modern weed thers of mystery an ete stich mats fom ancient flr, superstitan, ae demonoloy se “sed to impress upon the reader the sna of elt power uno "odes fing Sch pons ae usally ct the isin ast In fareay pices eas she mil of Ka Kafr empl expats he exe Fath the Mite ges and ofthe Oren. Nes fo Gelrge the yestest ster of is Romantic mede—in which supernatural eens have 9 deep posh importa John Kat Ina Bale De ss eve! ad The Ee of St Aes he nop the ld foro bla a vorance to madera sophisti se and, ike Coleridge, etalon medieval seg fr vents ht late ou sense of reson ad the atl end ence the term metienl revi, Fequeny attached tothe Ranaate pel whe omprehenis aio the bled mutations an se othe verse ales sd i. taal novo Sr Water Sat ‘Another se ofthe tendency tht Waller Pater te ealled “the adton sf tangs to beauty” wos the Romane ince nal ods "perenne wire had ply ignored w ether to {val rte abrtnt fr sro tery concen Blake, Wordewrty ta Coleridge nthe pty explored any tats onsctousner tht ne Eeminon among childees bu saat the standard catego sl ag tment. Celendge was inert n meaner (wha wet eal ipl) ad ke Blake and Shelley, studied there ofthe wee and the otc. Cee also shared with De Quincey a concen th dc aed ‘ighumares: both stor expe in te wring the shred cone ‘es and diried perceptions they egerisced nr the aetionto ptm. Bree made repeated us ofthe fc ith he Ferien td the appeal ef the eihng Satanic hea, rd Keats was exrarneyse stiveto the ambivalences of human experince tothe ringing at Un highest intensity, of plesure and pin, fo desotve sects af cry. sn othe etic qual of the longing for det, These phenomen had Seay en explored by ight centry wet of err tle a (Gohi econ and stern the nineteenth sony all of ther matin ‘aggre perversity, became the special Ieraryprovins of Chas Baek, Algernon harks Swiabumne, sod wie of the Exopeny ‘Decadence: Tochone pained in cul Hp ei took ore teenth nels ul wer [hora ‘nia ames The Pa tothe ‘dai oxy ise ich The Tuoughithe gente pr ofthe eighteenth century humane forthe mst pat been newed a Hed beings in sy odored nd cantly nchangingworld. Avett piloropbicalandreligowrsstemsintht en Cy soced na ares oe reac ote precede ‘Sulliceddrough the ages bythe common sense of ani, oa he ‘Smeaton fo set acne pal and to avd extremes, whether pol ‘Seine, moray or ar. Mlany ofthe rex ray ore ofthe period [pind in tack nwo calle peor eptins beer the ‘otoa our sptice, Te of tan! Pope ately Exay on Ma, {cod pet Besing dl tect act or tik byoed mankind This ind his de degre (Of linnns,wetlnest, Hetven bestows 0 tee Sete ‘The Romantic peri the age of unfetered free enterprise, ind xpinaon and bonds evoltionas hope, wa a map of rae ind ‘idola in which bok the phsophere and pets pat en extoordiary Tigh estnte on Haran potentiates and power In Germs post Kain tlllcopy which gente many ofthe chorstertc ten of European Romantcln, the Mian min—sht welled the Sabet” “Eg {ook oe aos funeons that had titherto een the sle prerogative 0 Dnt. et promint vat the ection by palrepherso cena ig ftenhcentay soncet af the mind n'a mire eget of unineoc ready cetd, and replacement by a new concep af the mind a el “retin ofthe anvere peeves, na pall shin, the pots ofthe ‘Sew period le deserted te mind as ratng row experience Acorn {o Blak the mind ree ts proper meu ony toa eet the mate al word in Coerge nod Wordpuorth, weve, the mind rests nc iboration with soeting gen tt om shot, Md, wate Coerge yp isd, i enot puri’ bt ide in Co's Images a tt ton the blimetsenae—he ‘mage ofthe Creator" And Wordevorth declared ix ‘The Prolade (2258-61) ht the india mind ash ke an Agent of he one et Mind (Gretta scene by ‘Working ti alse wi the works Whit boli. Many Romani its spared tht the minds acess beyond sense to the tansenan ad the ifn, through 4 speci Tal they called tithe son or Imuioation. In The Prelude (0H) Werdvorth “esrbe a fash of iaination “that has evaded The hve word” ae (tr cetny, ou eng her and home, ‘enh inftdey and oly thee Wiope hope that en ave ie, fon, and epectation, nd dese Andring crore abut os 7h: dt yon hn iis that to the mors ofthe preceding had been an ental sin, rth err, now became gry sade the inan being reset sb tonne and ep ae tes ‘nteting finite, hence naceble, gas, Wendaah charset fet on to del tht “under sich batts mtn te nlf Sek trope, strugles Forno spans fr hm the inte vein oe pixie qction and moral fate: Bat fates ters nel ie Seman the proper men an hese aye Seber es elon saving forte inte. The sew pamela Fst whan his quest othe sts lates dpa mee be insertion by hse sabi whch nese eco ‘hte possi fee yt fnew Tate a ae le plate the dsr the mot aca tar™-wes recone ty inthe Engh terse of thd "Les thn cvarng le mone nt aly an” Shlleys Aer and Ress Enon beeps the we Toran nib ed scccee galand Bpas ae feet eo 3 mn whose “pers an wl ch bd he og Sam ly “hich clogs te ethereal epee tat hs ee Have ben beyond the dle ah each Ina paral ashion, Romo ewe far ete he nena of sine intention pete accomplished, a fave of dao lapses in wich the vey nae fate he nlned aod fhe atm. Andina on wa Romances deiboretn riie scsi cmpston wi the great of thr predeesia wel ce ‘mete bold in poetic langing, vernon, nd dpe Ec thk longer poems tc schon ew deco, snl thea fw dene produced tonshing ay of ees coun at Pips of orion and se Bikes ymbule hrs sel Scan {Prphsic" poems Clerige's ng allograft ann Sti, Theme ofthe Atiet Marne Wovdsests spc ae uabioyapy, The Prelude; Shelley's crmle sole sate, Pea Gabo Kets sequence of ede on te imeconeie conde iP hum eis Byron's sate rey of olropean chon Desa he can ay leach f them, a Shel sald $8 Byrn a as ‘omehingwhaipncan ie oe ape The gest eigen cenay weers ha tpl dak with men ond omen members of on oases, ad stall an ere soy a thors “Sql thems a nop a of Iso aero oat te and under te exe Hg Hea od ee {eater wom. Some Ramune wero the ter boa eons ile thease rom set toe ape to thc wel Woot ied hi msterwa The Rein deste el sins in tude” on sj he na lind he bee et Sit eement dns all ornate coe a Shor he wor sng slay yo nlone costae Fea ical hs apn is reese by the sen opposes ae objet tack opis natural back: Cle sean ee rated] nie] need phe tne tered fends! pera le 1si8 | cde intel = =] we ose | Colerid thera The ropes feral ph efor Shek eo teed, Tie ‘hat et the hal we sng Br a Shley, pre ainy ege sep sctlinm ocartenne be rgudicertca ioe ‘hes atte ren ntaiced wna bce evens ce ‘ton sd men rer heme Peak ocd ‘ht no ial have ona one inthe mer The sly Roma nena te Sortie aoa gent sane Ne tel hain ae ead the fmt eg ay Gan Sea Singer he ted net ea ae ‘amelie nis eth hee ag eo Nee inWorverh Galen Soro sau Bajiao ce sone sloes mde oss ete ea imo fing hight ema cn Buti ten he tor of comentona ins alton ns Sree His hahaa compen signe set be deel Sey sey abe nen thio of Mado e Fata haat ac ‘crnyom dsroer adil /Mjenaaes ba hack ical tc tami hee hese ee abe indir isan he pce sheles at ite Fomatea of Ck yo snes it Saree ea ‘upc meio sine ses Hise npton ace si Soho, he cto ate ee a hima ne Mary ihe woes tee eh oe ISIR niacin Te Natt Polen eh ‘cathe hn of Rane MILLENNIAL EXPECTATIONS Nowhere the Romantic combination of toundley acta dhe eh sen th power tur mind andimagnaon mone cee inte lnway went ef ata hope of ey Te Fe clusion fod toed nary sympa the milenl cea a ‘= pofaaly rot nese rd Christen rattan Fee paca at thon hae edi." Rae Sot remind in 124 oe ‘sive or compchend that the memory the Pesch Retain soya ‘ha a onary well sexed co ae span te hs ee eg Ol thingrseomedpasing aya nothings deem shboe ae zation ofthe an ae" Southey Lingge tas of Worker Cotte, Hut andthe ters when he dened eee Re lina feror—in bie and i ees the tear eee eee {he evoition vas championed by memes ail Protea ae ke ‘isonet onthe mole il propey “he Bible enw the bk of Arse tee, Revel ots etn of human bings che i Ede chy the millenium thos yeas ofa etl Kingdom then cen, nly of “new heaven a 1 he ext ts Contes keg “aniline by «moras between he New Jerslemand Ghee Al the beak ofthe Fench Relation, Joseph Panley ce ates Ug ‘ain ears led that vent athe sae pestng he millenia pop ‘sic Revlauon.Catnge and Worst: inthe ely poe vo incepreted the Revoltion a te valent peeliinay ta the ne cath and heaven of apocapie prophecy And Blake's The French Reolon (1731 td Amerie, o Prophecy (1795) represented bath hee revelation pe ie poets a the a day of he Elen werd Wan theater evens in Face dzhed ther ith n plc reolton| ssa teansto the milena, number of Romantic ers sabe te tocapte hope by giving new interpretation They tafe the ate afapocte roms ston oe nda mind pe ‘al to's spinal vevolton™and proposed tha "the new ct and ne hese’ of Revelation alae hte, tal fw nly nt mae ‘tr wsionary imagination ph encour vee ond sence under ancl, Hence te eteedinay Remarc cnpasron new ay era (ich sued othe restoration os hat tare mo af set) a the thief sim in fe: Bak's"ProphtieHoals” or expt, desl ws “specs othe allan Redemption, and represent pura s the recone ‘ofthe imoginatve vison of thingy athe ely reset cough and bo vie ej" "The Nae of my Wor Bake wets Vicon tag Ina; iis en Endenor to Revore wat the Ancient ead the Golden ‘Ae This concep othe Inalsative recreation ofthe lsh contin to be eres by Romantic pot the tiga bel metho af2 Imartiagealthough nowt not a marcia he Ne Jeet the {Eat be #conantion ofthe ieee into spiel wie ee 8 mg Been the mi andthe enteral wot, Calerge pu ins aes ‘ero succinctly in Dejctin: Au Osh the nner enon Joy lites highest moment, "Which, wedng nate tos gies mde A new ath and new heaven" Wordsmeth nounced sis high sgunet Inthe Prospects o The Raise (he ste theme serve at underpterfor Th Fle) shat "Paradise nd roves Elan’ arena hier ny a pore things forthe dering tts of Man When wedded ts godly unre Inve ay paso, sal el these 2 simple roduc ofthe commen dy Jn Staley Prone Unto, Prometheus repens chy many whos tl angen mor bing ss the fog cape io esi ato achie ogentate we the ot ae ies ths rent inthe mode of ¢ mage esa in whi he eh coms ‘ore’ aor Rests, to mention one aber example ithe histo of thal violent! re nd comersio, ich as ot theacevement fan nda“ ov on se ened and ano Eath” But as Cate goss oct hic ne ert te ‘lca, cen yh protgonist st thoogh miter crened eee het earned asa he iain” ely ne Cc ps et a tech Fry of the cent coy Elpucny “Lap Mensurave fac” or “Understanding Weng 850°31 the‘ af the period hhtvans hae abe “Romane” Cale Ht maa th ede of apni of we ei hn ah inapuclypre, bt to mare mt art change ofthe nol ut nchenge Inaurwoniview OTHER FORMS: THE FAMILIAR ESSAY Ths at alo lng it ts apocalyptic expectations, the priad hen ‘rue forthe ire tine became big business Ealghenmet opted eb ‘onl reform ands rapid growth poplionpredoced an rplsion sf potent waders Arm aster olny a andere sc nphssted vending far eau a oppor ney orld aia xd and people eter hd mre sre a the toon, a el 9 ‘ore dione income wih ich to paras edn mates Tec "alos mprovements in pining fated production an Bsr bution, {hd commer and pusic ending Mires wore esaboed, Hence the provision of more eure ofall ine to sty the mec f= grey ‘Shared erste pub Ath ove a he gout centry reviews nd magines were ween ich hacks ho acrded othe paca bso fanciers of the publisher and adverts Theeaye they inclu ere mea iets ofthe pe establish nary a century enh by singe exay pris cho the Tiler end te Spectator. In 180, hone the th Fever inaugurated the modern ype of peso pba. lowed oie Inde tot tes sts Mery nda igh nd wos ble to meet ches sts by paying Ws conto tes god enough 0 om the besten a he oy “The suceeso hse ener timate he founding ra eviews and mans (Aventis nes Je one yo ‘tly a se onpotant books addon cnteperay ses, {agin as hl publnton tha printed more micefnces ‘moter nladng igh prpoton af inal ess, pots ted tres) in 1820 appeared Loran Signe, trl in pala cntempony intrar eres nt sorb table ec ntl 182 1 pea he Work a group of bilan wer inching he thee men wo soon sea lished thenseher 2 the peatestesyse a the mge- Lamb, Har ard Be Quincey. These new pradals nt nly leet ey in erry dina quay butvehtionsed fam dsb Tae comperel strenoos for lent paging well enagh stat an stia (tes me Prolfe as Hast) eu earns living a feslance esis. Ad rcs Seve trated serous prctianers wh ese compete, wiki bon kn Hast te ae thy pleased. ‘Ur thse ne Contin the “alr sy'n commentary on en ‘sjet mites ela snd intimate manner flowed, ad inva fein that to sme dor prc the sour of Romane pct Each af the nee major syns warn ft hel sscaed wth por {ant pues and supported st leas some of hens poce deepen a ‘rca comments whore perenne td nrminaten pene them “imbibe ke he pts, thee sts were paso ond sje tne their esgs ae fin candy stoblogphic remincee, e. ene ae ee tbc and whon the writs eed shee mates han thence, they ‘ntl do so mpessonsealy 9 tht the mater se ected the emperamen ofthe essayist. The subject mates of the eng le thee tthe poe, ene ap extension af ang and spay fa jd the ‘are iis ofthe este cls nds foal concers th enn ‘al with cles, chimney sweeps, poor rations handball payer pe Fer, and murderers. Mont shi the ests resemble te poss tthlngozlsteightecntecenany cements by terng pos tae Jonge and developing new prose sera sical pris The rest wa a notable vay of schevement ging on Hal aed itn pains and seemingly canal mde of topes trough Lande ‘cl contd shetre and meticloany cnteled organ, ts De uiney elaborate exerinetn spyijing to prose the gens, hrs nessa hematite af mie comperions Alin vor t the essay, ery cons in the ery nineteenth ‘entry were unfavorable nthe etree to tng fr tse By sce, ingact that was notepad al 1843, ony te Dey ae ad Const (Gdn thentes bd the ight to redaction ‘e—drame the aher theaters were ested by nyt entree which there could be no dla except to mi, also puto nay Aang, pantomime, ond various yest mul py, Tc wo mosopls ‘het ere vst anil hie, nth suena ee nay and ‘sa sult ators played ina gradi and orate To ceed unr Suchsandians plays hd tobe stan nd mpaloq shat the een ofthat pred ee so by rig mol and politcal sensnship ended oth extremes of ether fas or mlaamn, None of the pees to {he peesionalplayight a he ime read own chey seem Inthe nko of schalarly monogepi onthe sty fe este Nontheless tase rest the camp th led Shake ‘pea all he major Romane poet, and many nor one ne tc ard tpn pas Some of there ese wena ent dramas Byron ag jet a Sey Prometiens Unbound, for esampe and staf fs ‘Bali's widely ea Plas on the Pan but ater nee cpr en Forthestge the pots, haweer laced egerience wi he hardest of the pacha, ard they were forthe mot pt une Tote ‘ff the atic fan archate se damit y Eibetha and Jean sede ‘Abc al, he genes of am age that excelled in subjective a vsonary eran forms was adapted othe theater whichis apcelany ced sect repreantng rey feed chanters, Even yee, the agnoreins Pct his encraton to rodsce mar wack in Ire Kind that eee 4 hight detloped socal seat sated not suceed aha pea ama, te ge pl, wl eae many exit vrlousercat the Bron heror they lack thet signe and warty, aad thin skined aor wisely refused ae ho be puto Before he mele ad Senos sudienees of his day. Clare achieved a minor ht ak Tm ~ tuagedy Remorse which for wenty nights at the Dey Lae io 1813 in eee capable Romie demas was surprisingly, Shelly. Tha he Tee Peo} shally, ptt ed qn teal emery on we ee roe sory of ie Haan Renisaance-af a mons fates who ow Teds bidet ands intarn murdered by erin powealesion Bs ‘Paton cetal sie fhe tine dese af eo desoy by degra is sei dln idol and the moral tarp ofthe uneonqurable see i even in deat Te py wor not age, however. ant iongalor te] ‘Sholleys death. a | « | wo ac pesof tion were prominentin the ste eighteench century. One | TSE. Gatne moet whe fad toe Inagrsed 1764 by Horace | Winters the Cate o emit Got Sty, aed continued by Clara | Reckeinthe Chempion of Virtue A Gai ton (1777). The ter dvs Flom th frequent sting othe tales in loom case ofthe Mile th |g Bc is Bem ended to nger rp f mane st omen * ‘RS put that expo the posses f mystery and two In sullen rags = Tandseapet eying onsons with das dangeors, sett poss, ad = ath shoss chilling speracisl phenomena; and fen, sel ptse 4 tno heat mate yan sessed and bagged ian. These nels wy Spend up to ate ton the dark ana ide of ua natre—the * ‘Tage eis the enero imple, and the nights ters that He tr Femeai the contol snd ordeedsfice of the eonaciou mind. Some of = the mont power and nents weitings the ode were by women us {ey doubts afforded tion vleze forthe submerged desis and

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