Vector Formulas a+ (bXe)=b+(eXa) =e: (axb) ax(bxXe)=(a-c)b-(a- bjc (axb) - (exd)=(a- (b+ d)—(a- d)(b +e) VxVw=0 V-i¥xa=0 VxX(Vxa=V(V-a)-Va vei a-Vutuv-a Vx(waj=VexatyVxa Via-b)=(a- V)b+(b> Vyataxi¥xb)+bxiVxXa) V-(axbj=b-(VxXa)-a-(VXb) Vx(a xb)=a(V -b)-b(V + a)+(b- Via-(a- Vib If x is the coordinate of a point with respect to some origin, with magnitude r=(x|, and n=x/r is a unit radial vector, then Vex=3 Vxx=0) Ven Vxn=0) r (a-Vin=4[a-n(a-m)]_Explicit Forms of Vector Operations Let e:, €2, es be orthogonal unit vectors associated with the coordinate directions specified in the headings on the left, and Ai, A2, A; be the corresponding components of A. Then vy= et ay, Ob = xe ax, +O Bx, 3 z vA aor, 3As, 3s Bt ax, ax: 9X3 S48 tee Se Gan) ae) a ane Sar . Bq VARS (pay) ie oAs 4 ze i: race Bote eile nd Be rea (sin 6A3)— 2) ara ee Paiwaiaa (8 05g) * are [rowel #).1 Tar Sow]Theorems from Vector Calculus In the following ¢, #, and A are well-behaved scalar or vector functions, V is a three-dimensional volume with volume element d°x, S is a closed two- dimensional surface bounding V, with area element da and unit outward normal nat da. I V-Adx = f A-nda (Divergence theorem) i Vi Bx = I ym da v s [vxae = [nx Ada v s [ (6V2p + Vb- Vy) x = {. gn -Vyda (Green’s first identity) [ (OV°b — V7) dx = if (Vy — yV¢) +n da (Green's theorem) In the following S is an open surface and C is the contour bounding it, with line element dl. The normal n to S is defined by the right-hand-screw rule in relation to the sense of the line integral around C. [ (Vx A)-nda= $ A-dl (Stokes’s theorem) [nx voae=$ war