Alireza yousefpour

yousefpour@shomal.ac.ir

Game Theory

: :

: AI:

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Minimax

MIN-MAX. ) (max ) (min .

max . max :

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Minimax

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MIN
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MAX
MIN
MAX .MIN

MIN-MAX:

Minimax

MAX
. 5 :

.1
.2
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.3
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.4 .
.5 MAX
.

Minimax

:
2

Max
Min

Max

1
2

This is the move

selected by min-max

Static evaluator
value
Max

Min

:m
:b

Minimax

: ) (
:
:) MINIMAX O(bm.
.
O(bm) :

.



. :
35

50

35100

MINIMAX :
EVAL .
-

Coutoff test .

- EVAL

 :
Evaluation Function :

Eval(n) 100 0

.1 .
.2 ! ) minimax

(.
.
.3 .

 :
(:horizon problem
)

:






.
.

) ( :

)Eval(s) = w1 f1(s) + w2 f2(s) + + wnfn(s

f
w . )(

d .

.
: d

o
o

-:

Alpha Beta Pruning

: 1000

: = 35

150
35 3

150000

6 8

-:

Alpha Beta Pruning

: 1000

: = 35

150
35 3

150000

6 8

) . (
minimax

minimax
.

minimax
.

. MAX
) (
MIN .
.
h

 :
-pruning

xij xi ) max(x1...xi-1

:
XIJ+1

 :
-pruning

XIJ XI ) MIN(X1...XI-1

:
XIJ+1

 :
max

:Example

min

max

min

=4

45 3

 :
max

:Example

min

max

min

=3

=1

=3

4 5 3 17 0

:Example

max

=3

min

=3

=3

max

=8

=1

4 5 3 17 0

-pruning
86

min

=3

:Example

:
max

=3

=2

min

=3

=6

=2

max

=3

=6

=1

=2

=1

45 3 1

min

8 6 7

2 6 4

=3

:Example

max

=3

=2

min

=3

=6

=2

max

=3

=6

=1

=2

=1

45 3 1

min

8 6 7

2 6 4

][+,-

][+ ,-

][+,-

][3,-

][+,-

][3,-

][+,3

][3,3

][+,3
Max

][2,-

][3,3

][14,-

][3,14

][2,-

][3,3

][5,-

36

][3,5

][2,

][3,3

][3,3

][2,2

37

][2,

][3,3

][3,3

][2,2

38

][2,-

][3,3

- .
(1 O(b/log b) d.
( 2
.
( 3
backed-up .
(4 b b
(5 minimax

6-5 :
) 16-10 (5-10 ) 19-24 (5-11 ) 5-11 (5-10 ) 11-16 (5-11

MIN MAX.

.
.

A1 A2 .
: min-max

Max

A
A2

Dice

A1

Min

1-

) S(C,di
) P(di C expectimax C
:

((Expectimax )c( =i P)di( .maxs S)c,di( )utility)s

((Expectimin )c( =i P)di( .mins S)c,di( )utility)s
C
.

Max

Dice

A2

A1
0.9

0.1

0.9

0.1

Min

1-

Expectimin(A1) = 0.9* min{-1,2} + 0.1* min{1,2} = 0.9*(-1) + 0.1*(1) = -0.8

Expectimin(A2) = 0.9* min{1,0} + 0.1* min{1,3} = 0.9*(0) + 0.1*(1) = 0.1

A2

EXPECTIMINIMAX
) O(BMNM N .

-
.

+1 -1