Wireless Network Planning

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Traffic Statistics..........................................................................................................2
1.1 Brief Introduction to the Calling Flows...............................................................................3
1.1.1 Ultra-early TCH Assignment Flow...........................................................................3
1.1.2 Calling Flow (Calling Party)....................................................................................4
1.1.3 Handover Flow within the BSC...............................................................................5
1.1.4 Handover Flow between the BSCs.........................................................................6
1.1.5 Handover Flow between MSCs..............................................................................7
1.1.6 Subsequent Handover Flow (MS Roams from MSVb to MSCb).........................8
1.2 Analysis of Key Indexes of Traffic Statistics......................................................................9
1.2.1 TCH Drop-off Ratio.................................................................................................9
1.2.2 SDCCH Drop-off Ratio..........................................................................................11
1.2.3 Intercell Handover Success Ratio Within the BSC................................................11
1.2.4 Incoming BSC Handover Success Ratio..............................................................13
1.2.5 Outgoing BSC Handover Success Ratio..............................................................13
1.2.6 TCH Congestion Ratio..........................................................................................14
1.2.7 SDCCH Congestion Ratio....................................................................................17
1.2.8 Wireless Connection Ratio...................................................................................17
1.3 Description of Traffic Statistics Registration....................................................................17
1.3.1 Routine Performance Measurement Tasks Necessary to Be Registered.............17
1.3.2 Performance Measurement Tasks Used for Network Optimization and Location
Problems.........................................................................................................................18

Wireless Network Planning

Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

Chapter 1 Traffic Statistics

Huawei BSC traffic statistics system provides perfect measurement types and rich
counters, facilitating the network operators to learn about the BSC running status, to
locate the network problems and to optimize the network. The BSC traffic statistics
system consists of the BAM, the traffic statistics terminal, the OMC server, etc. The
specific statistics flow is as follows: after registering on the traffic statistics terminal,
the statistics task will be sent to the foreground host via the BAM for statistics, then
the statistics result will be returned back to the BAM. Therefore we can view the
statistics result on the traffic statistics terminal. In order to have an understanding of
the statistics points of all indexes and to analyze problems, we will introduce some
important calling flows first.

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.1 Brief Introduction to the Calling Flows

1.1.1 Ultra-early TCH Assignment Flow

MS

BSC

BTS

MSC

Channel Request (RACH)

Channel Required
Channel Activation (TCH)
Channel Activation Acknowledge
Immediate Assignment Command
Immediate assignment (AGCH)

CM-Service Request
Complete layer 3 information CM-Service Req
CM-Service Accept
CM-Service Accept
Assignment Request
Mode modify
Mode modify ACK
Channel Mode modify
Channel Mode modify ACK
Assignment Complete

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.1.2 Calling Flow (Calling Party)

BTS

MS

BSC

MSC

Channel_req
Channel_Active
Channel_Active_Ack
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND
First SABM

Establish_IND( CM Service Req)

CR(Complete_l3_information)
CC
CM Service Accepted
Setup
Call Proceeding
Channel_Active

Assignment_Req

Channel_Active_Ack
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
First SABM
Establish_IND
ASSIGNMENT CMP

Assignment_CMP

Alerting
Connect
Connect Ack

Conversation
Disconnect
Release
Release Complete
Clear_CMD
Clear_CMP

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.1.3 Handover Flow within the BSC

The handover process within the BSC is controlled and implemented by the BSC.
After the completion of a handover, the BCS will inform the MSC of this handover in a
piece of Handover_performed message.

BTS1

MS

BTS2

BSC

MS

Measure Report from MS

Channel_Active
Channel_Active_Ack
HANDOVER COMMAND

Handover Access

Handover_Detect

PHY INFO
PHY INFO

first SABM

Establish_IND

HANDOVER COMPLETE
Handover_Performed

MSC

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.1.4 Handover Flow between the BSCs

When realized through the A interface, the handover between the BSCs goes like this:
an originating BSC originates Handover_Request to the destination BSC, and MSC
requests the destination BSC for handover and gets Handover-Request_Ack, then it
sends the handover command Handover_CMD to the originating BSC. When
realized through the A-bis interface, the originating BSC sends the handover
command to the original BTS, and the n0w BTS will report Hand_Detect on detecting
the handover and access of MS, and then report HANDOVER COMPLETE after
establishing a link with MS. And the old A-bis interface will disconnect the link to
release the resource.

MS

BTS1

BSC1

MSC

BSC2

BTS2

MS

Measure Report from MS

Handover_Required
Handover_Request

Channel_Active
Channel_Active_Ack

HANDOVER COMMAND

Handover_CMD

Handover_Request_Ack
Handover Access
Handover_Detect
Handover_Detect

PHY INFO
PHY INFO
first SABM
Establish_IND
HANDOVER COMPLETE

Handover_Cmp

Clear_CMD
Clear_Cmp

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.1.5 Handover Flow between MSCs

Mobile

MS
Um

BSS1
Measurement of radio
transmissionsignal

MS
E

MSCa

MSCb
A

HANDOVER REQ.

Performhandover(MAP)

(Theglobal destinationcell table)

HANDOVER REQUEST
HANDOVER REQUEST
ACKNOWLEDGE

(Theglobal destination cell I

Theglobal servicecell ID
Channel type)

BSS2

Um

VLRb

(PCM&Channel type)
(Including newTCHandhandover referencenumber )

Allocation handover number

(Assignhandover number )
Radio channel ack.(MAP)

Send handover report(HON.)

IncludingnewTCHand HON

(Sendhandover report)

Radio channel acknowledge

IAM
ACM
HANDOVER CMD

HANDOVER COMMAND

HANDOVER DETECT
HANDOVER COMPLETE

Forward MS to new
channel via original BSS

CLEAR COMMAND

Sendendsignal(MAP)
ReleasePCM0

Sendendsignal

CLEAR COMPLETE
ANS

~
~
Release(TUP/ISUP)
Endsignal

~
~

Endsignal(MAP)

Disconnectthe physical link

betweenMSCaandMSCb

Handover report
Releasehandover report

BSS2selects anewTCHto connectto thePCMcircuit

MS enters thedestinationcell

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.1.6 Subsequent Handover Flow (MS Roams from MSVb to MSCb)

Roam

MS
E

MSCa

MSCb

MS

MSCb'

VLRb'
VLRb

BSS2
Measurement of radio
transmission signal

HANDOVER REQUIRED (The destination cell table)

Performsubsequent handover (MAP)

(The destination cell table , The destination cell ID ,MSC No.)

Performhandover

HANDOVER REQUEST (PCM&Channel type)

(The destination cell ID, The service cell ID, Channel type)

HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE (Including newTCH number and handover number )

Allocate handover number(Assign handover number )

Radio channel acknowledge

Send handover report(HON) (Send handover report)

Radiochannnel ack. (MAP) (Include NewTCH and HON)

IAM
ACM
Subsequent handoverack.
HANDOVER COMMAND

HANDOVER DETECT
HANDOVER COMPLETE

Send end signal (MAP)

ANS
End signal (MAP)

Release handover report

CLEAR COMMAND
Release (TUP)

~~

Release HON

CLEAR COMPLETE
End signal (MAP)

Release (TUP/ISUP)

~
~

Disconnect the physical link betweenMSCaandMSCb

Release handover report
Disconnect the physical link betweenMSCaandMSCb

Release HON

BSS2'

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.2 Analysis of Key Indexes of Traffic Statistics

1.2.1 TCH Drop-off Ratio
No

001

Index name

TCH drop-off ratio (%)

Measurement type

General BSC performance measurement/cell performance measurement

Formula description

TCH drop-off ratio=TCH drop-off times /TCH occupation success ratio

Analysis of the statistical point of

the original index

TCH drop-off times:

(1) When the message CLEAR REQ is sent to MSC, the current occupied channel is of TCH type.
Successful TCH occupation times:
(1) Receive the message CH_ACT_ACK during the immediate assignment, if the channel is of TCH
type.
(2) Receive the message CH_ACT_ACK in the state of CS_WAIT_RR_EST, and the current channel is of
TCH type.
(3) The message of the completion of assignment is sent in the process of assignment
(4) Receive the message MSG_ABIS_HO_DETECT during incoming BSC for handover. At this time the
handover is not of SDCCH type.
(5) Receive the message MSG_ABIS_HO_DETECT during handover within the BSC. At this time, the
handover is not of SDCCH type.

Others

1. In the General BSC performance measurement

The calculating formula of the call loss ratio in the former version:
Call loss ratio (%) =Drop-off times after conversation/(Successful connection times + Successful
incoming BSC handover times) * 100%
The calculating formula of TCH drop-off ratio in the updated version:
TCH drop-off ratio (%) =TCH drop-off times / Successful TCH occupation times *100%

Configuration of the parameters that affect the drop-off ratio:

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

(1) Number of SACCH multiframes, Maximum retransmission times of physical information, Timer for wireless link connection in the
Cell Attribute Table.
(2) Counter for wireless link failure in the Cell System Message Table.

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.2.2 SDCCH Drop-off Ratio

No

002

Index name

SDCCH drop-off ratio (%)

Measurement type

Cell performance measurement

Formula description

SDCCH drop-off ratio=SDCCH drop-off Times /

SDCCH occupation success times (All)

Analysis of the statistical

SDCCH drop-off times(1)send out CLEAR_REQ, and

point of the original index

the channel is of SDCCH type;

(2) When receiving ERROR_IND, the channel is of
SDCCH type;
With respect to (1) there are following cases:
Incoming

SDCCH

handover

the

message

HO_DETECT is illegal.
Incoming SDCCH handover the message HO_CMP
is illegal.
Incoming SDCCH handover sending the message
HO_CMP fails
TN_WAIT_HO_DETECT, TN_WAIT_HO_CMP (SDCCH
handover) Time out
TN_WAIT_INTER_HO_CMP (SDCCH handover) time
out
TN_T8 (Outgoing BSC handover is completed)
time out
Internal clearance resulted from other various
reasons.
SDCCH occupation success times (All):
(1) When receiving CH_ACT_ACK in the process of
assignment, the channel is SDCCH.
(2) When receiving the message CH_ACT_ACK in
the state of CS_WAIT_RR_EST, the current channel
is SDCCH.
(3)

Incoming

SDCCH

handover

receives

HO_DETECT.
(4)

In

the

BSC

SDCCH

handover

receives

HO_DETECT.
Others

None

1.2.3 Intercell Handover Success Ratio Within the BSC

The factors which affect the handover success ratio include:(1) Base station clock,
BSC clock and MSC clock and judge if these clocks are out of frame; For MSC: f/f
(frequency offset) 1E-8; For BSC/BTS: f/f(frequency offset) 5E-8. (2) The

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

handover-related data configuration; Check Tables BA1, BA2 and the handover data
table under the handover menu see whether the data configuration are correct and
handover threshold settings are reasonable. For the handover involved between the
MSCs, it is necessary to check or confirm if the opposite MSC has been configured
with the handover data of the local MSC. If not, then there is handover request, but
the successful handover is not available.
No.

003

Index name

Inter-cell handover success

ratio within the BSC (%)

Measurement type

General BSC performance measurement

Formula description

Inter-cell

handover

BSC=Times

of

success

successful

ratio
inter-cell

within

the

handover

within the BSC/ Times of Inter-cell handover

attempts within the BSC.
Analysis of the statistical

Times of successful inter-cell handovers within the

point of the original index

BSC:
(1) The completion of handover in the BSC.
Times of the inter-cell handover attempts within
the BSC.
(1) When receiving the handover requests (intercell within the BSC)

Others

None

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.2.4 Incoming BSC Handover Success Ratio

No

004

Index name

Incoming BSC handover

success ratio (%)

Measurement type

General BSC performance measurement

Formula description

Incoming BSC handover success ratio =Incoming

BSC

handover

success

ratio/

Incoming

BSC

handover attempts
Analysis of the statistical

Successful incoming BSC handover times

point of the original index

(1) When HO_CMP is sent to MSC successfully

Times of successful handover within the BSC:
(1) When the incoming handover request message
from MSC is received.

Others

1.2.5 Outgoing BSC Handover Success Ratio

No.

005

Index name

Outgoing BSC handover

success ratio (%)

Measurement type

General BSC performance measurement

Formula description

Outgoing BSC handover success ratio =Times of

successful outgoing BSC handovers/ Times of
outgoing BSC handover attempts

Analysis of the statistical

Times of successful outgoing BSC handover:

point of the original index

(1) For outgoing handover CLEAR_CMD is received

because of HO_SUCC.
Times of outgoing BSC handover attempts:
(1) Statistics begins when the message HO_REQ is
sent to MSC (including direct operation retry)

Other

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

1.2.6 TCH Congestion Ratio

TCH congestion ratio (handover excluded)=Times of TCH occupation failures
(handover excluded)/Times of TCH occupation requests (handover excluded)*100%
TCH congestion ratio (handover included) =Times of TCH occupation failures
(handover included)/ Times of TCH Occupation requests (handover included)*100%
100 No.

007

Index name

TCH congestion ratio

(handover excluded)(%)

Measurement type

Cell performance measurement

Formula description

TCH congestion ratio (handover

excluded)=(Times of TCH call occupation Failures
+ ultra-early assigned TCH occupation failures) /
(Times of TCH call occupation requests + Times of
ultra-early assigned TCH occupation requests

Analysis of the statistical

Times of TCH call occupation failures

point of the original index

(1) Send out assignment failure message.

Times of ultra-early assigned TCH Occupation
Failures
(1) Receive CH_ACT_NACK in the process of ultraearly assignment (including receiving
CH_ACT_NACK when the satellite transmission
state is WAIT_RR_EST.
(2) CVI_INTERNAL_ERR (internal error) is the
return cause when channels are distributed in the
process of ultra-early assignment
(3) CVI_NO_ACCEPT (illegal channel request) is
the return cause when the channels are
distributed in the process of ultra-early
assignment
(4) Channel has not been assigned when the
channels are distributed in the process of ultraearly assignment
(5) TN_WAIT_CH_ACT timed out in the process of
ultra-early assignment
Times of TCH call occupation requests:
(1) Receiving MSC assignment request message.
Times of ultra-early assigned TCH occupation
requests:
(1) No resource is available and the immediate
assignment is allowed when distributing SDCCH;
(2) When the channel request is received, the

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

channel is of TCH type (for example, the
emergency call).

Other

No.

None

008

Index name

TCH congestion ratio

(handover included)(%)

Measurement type

Cell performance measurement

Formula description

TCH congestion ratio (handover

included)=(Times of TCH call occupation
Failures +Times of ultra-early assigned TCH
occupation failures +Times of incoming cell
handover within the BSC TCH Occupation
Failures (due to congestion)+ Times of between
BSCs incoming cell handover TCH occupation
failures (due to congestion) / (Times of TCH call
occupation requests +Times of ultra-early
assigned TCH occupation requests + Times of
within the BSC Incoming cell handover TCH
occupation requests +Times of between BSCs
incoming cell handover TCH occupation
requests)

Analysis of the statistical

Times of TCH call occupation failures:

point of the original index

(1) Times of ultra-early assigned TCH

occupation failures
Times of TCH call occupation requests:
(1) Times of Ultra-early Assigned TCH
occupation requests
The above indexes please refer to the analysis
of No.008 indexes
Times of within the BSC incoming cell handover
TCH occupation failures (due to congestion)
1) TCH channel assignment fails during
incoming cell handover within the BSC. Times of
between BSCs incoming cell handover TCH
occupation failures (due to congestion):
(1) The reason for sending handover failure
message when incoming cell handover between
BSCs is that the TCH channel has not been
assigned.
Times of incoming cell handover TCH
occupation requests in BSC:
(1) When receiving inter-cell incoming cell

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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

handover request message within the BSC.
(TCH handover)
Times of incoming cell handover TCH
occupation requests between BSCs:
(1) When receiving incoming handover request
message (TCH handover).
Others

None

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1.2.7 SDCCH Congestion Ratio

No

006

Index name

SDCCH congestion ratio %)

Measurement type

Cell performance measurement

Formula description

SDCCH congestion ratio (%)=Times of All Busy

SDCCH occupation / Times of SDCCH occupation
requests (All)

Analysis of the statistical

Times of all busy SDCCH occupation:

point of the original index

(1) When SDCCH channel has not been assigned

Times of SDCCH occupation requests (all)
(1) Receiving the channel request message (the
channel is SDCCH)
(2)Once receiving the channel request
messageimmediately assign TCH. And SDCCH
can be assigned when there is no TCH
(3) SDCCH handover within the BSC
(4) Incoming BSC handoverthe handover is of
SDCCH type

Other

None

1.2.8 Wireless Connection Ratio

No

009

Index name

Wireless connection ratio

Measurement type
Formula description

Wireless connection ratio(1-SDCCH congestion

ratio)*(1-TCH congestion ratio)*100%

Analysis of the statistical

The respective indexes in this formua are

point of the original index

illustrated as follows:
For calculation of SDCCH congestion ratio and
TCH congestion ratio please refer to Sections
8.2.6 and 8.2.7.

Others

This index is specified in the report of the mobile

office.

1.3 Description of Traffic Statistics Registration

1.3.1 Routine Performance Measurement Tasks Necessary to Be Registered
1. The general BSC performance measurement task is compulsory.
All the indexes under this statistics function type should be registered as much as
possible either at the beginning of the deployment or at the stable system running
stage.
It is suggested that the statistics circle be 60 minutes, and the statistics time period be
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Chapter 8 Traffic Statistics

00:00~24:00
2. Cell performance measurement task is compulsory.
It is suggested that the statistics circle be 60 minutes, and the statistics time period be
00:00~24:00

1.3.2 Performance Measurement Tasks Used for Network Optimization and

Location Problems
Incoming and outgoing cell handover performance measurement, defined and
undefined adjacent cells performance measurement, receiving quality, receiving level
performance measurement, drop-off performance measurement, power control
performance measurement, uplink and downlink balance performance measurement,
uplink frequency band scanning statistics, and interference band statistics after
sending idle Burst, are all the good instruments both for checking whether the data
configuration is reasonable and for network optimization. At the beginning of
deployment, this kind of tasks should be registered as many as possible, and in the
stable system running stage they could be deleted.
SCCP protocol performance measurement and MTP link performance measurement
can be used to detect whether NO.7 link and the A interface are normal. LAPD
protocol performance measurement is used to monitor whether LAPD link and Abis
interface are normal. This task could be deleted in the stable system running stage.
Except the SCCP protocol performance measurement, the tasks of the above types
consume subtask numbers extremely. Therefore the tasks of these types should be
registered with pertinence in case of the subtask numbers being inadequate for use.

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