CAABA 2 PEHOC HA TONAMHA x Tip ananeaa na HamoncKo megopmaumoKaTa cocTojsa Ha XOMCTPYKUMMTE BAMEH acneKT npeTctasyaa NOsHaRaKeTO Na TewnepaTypHata pacnpenensa Bo HB, NOCeGHO aKe ce OUeKyBA nA ACTHTe OHTAT HSNOMeNM Ma NOroneHH TeMNePATyPHH NpOMeNH, @ MPH Toa SUMe CHEBOSMOMENO CNOSORHO mHnaTHpaHe. 3a ma Ja Besunupane TeWNepaTypHaTa pPACNPeRenia, a BO SABUCHOCT on TeDMHNKHTe ycnoDH BO KOW Ce HAOTAAT KONCTPYKUHHTe, HeOTXOMHO € na ce NOBMKaMe HE TepMoniwannkete, T.e. Ma Teopajata aa npexoc wa ronmmna ‘t=? Tipenocor ma tonnmna ce ocTsapyaa co TpH paannina MexaRHaMn: Giposemyeane (xonaynuwie?, npeotarse( coxsexuuja) w tronnoTHa, apayene(paaujamja). WcTHTe Xe SunaT npezmeT na pagraenynane Bo opae rnaea . 2.1 Apenoc xa romauxa co KoRayxumia Kounyxujjata xako mpouec mpeTctanyna paamena na, KuNeTIMMaTA eneprija ne vonekynuTe mp MHmNMTS Net yCesHE cynMpH. NloSpsure monexynm mmaaT noconena KMMeTHNKa eHepraja,pecnexruano 4_nosucoKa Texneparypa. Mpu cynupure ca nosasHuTe onHOCHG RonanuuTe MOneKyNu,THe HM TpemasaaT nen on eMNeTHUKATA eNepruia Bo @opMa Ha TonmmMHa. Meramure oBoj mpouec 2 NOTNOHOTHAT H ApHMeHeTS Ha Spojmt CAQGOAHA ENEKTPOHR KOR NPEMHHYREAT oA emen ATOM BO Rpyr, Ba TeNHOCTHTe OAReAHHTe HOMeKYNH BPMAT moromert ABUNEHA ¢O NoSpojum HefycesHM cynupH, a Kaj racoaHTe nonexymTe ce yure nononeumHn, xo co Toa He ce aronemysa KoMmyKUMJaTa, GunedKM MetyHoneKynapHMoT NpocTOp € ronem x CyMMpMTe ce nopeTKH fpumena xa MKE 3a onpegeaysane we. TenneparypHara pocnpeaenGa w coogsermura uanperaxa uw gegoprousy erp. 5Mpenoc Ha ronauna Paapa 2 24.1 Texueparypro noae Tipw rpeewe Mat namene Ha umpeTH Tena co noon Ha BMaTpewen un HanBopeueH HABOp Na TONMHHa, BO TenOTO Ce HapyuyRa RpecSurnata yHuopuua pacnpenenda Ha TenmepatypaTa np Koja BO cexcja TOWKA Om TenoTo Taa Suna wCTa. OnmenHM nenoex on TenaTO, AABHCHG O2 NOnONGATA BO OMNOC MA TONMOTHHOT UBBOP, BO TEK Ha Bpexe crauynaay nowede unM momanxy sarpeaxu. Co mpyrH ssopoan, rewneparypara T ao cexoja TowKe om TemoTO cTanyne SyHKUNIa On koopanuatute wa TowxaTa (x,y,z) 1 apemeTo. Co megmnnpanc He rewneparypara BO cekoja TONKA Om TenOTO Ro cekaj MoMeNT, ce TeGENHpA TeNMepaTypNOTO flove KOe Mowe Te ce ommume Co pabsnkaTa T= f(x,y.z.t) 2.4) —_— ANanaTwiKOTO VicTiITyBae Ha MPEHACOT Ha TonMMHE co KOMAYKINa co noxew 4a pabeHxata (2.1) ce cBeaysa Ha Tpoynyeatee Ha NpoSTOPHO— BpexeHCKNTe MpoMeNH Ha Temmepatypata. Mpx Toa, axo TemnepatypaTa ce xenyaa so TeK Ha BpeWe, NOMeTO ¢ MeCTEMMONApHO, A ako HE ce mexyBa, TOG ¢ CT@UMONaPHO . Tennepatypnoto fone & MpOCTOPHo M HOWE na caswcm on etia,nbe Wax TPH KoopaHHeTH. Hspasire sa pasnunue cayvsu wa TeumeparypHo none mamenn 6& Bo TAGena 2.1 Spo} ve Koopa. | warewarHuKy Hopes Bua wa none Tf Gaye), Sse eraunonapne pH Tf, (7.2. t) necTannonapHo = eT oT T=f,0,9), aE = 8. a= a cTaunoHapHa ane By Tf Cuy.t), Ez 8 nec Tannonapne ema tt,Go, See, Fao, Zao | craunonapne ttj(x.t), Bs 6, FE = @ | necraumonapno Tasena 2.1- Pasenku Ma TexnepaTypyo none Upunena na MKE 2a onpeneaysone aa rexneparyprara emp. 6 pacupeaenda u cocapernure xanperama u aeopHouyMpatoc na ronaune Faasa 2 2.4.2 Tenmeparypen rpaauexr Bo renara cexorau MowaT ma ce HajnaT_poWKU co NCTA aennepatypa co wne NOBpSyBame c# AOSHBaAT u2OTepNNY NoBPUIEMH ~tenepetes i Tipu _cTaunowapie reunepatypo none oawe nOAPUMHH Ne Ja NeHyEaaT guojate HonoWw5a BO TAK Ha BpeMe M faneNM ce co CNemHMOT Mapaa i E(x,y,2) = const. (2.2) goneXa Np HecTalHoHapHo TewnepaTypHo none THe ja MeHyBaaT eeojara nonowsa W ce sanamaaT co wapasor : “FCx.y.z,t) = const (2.3) Bo xenpexiiaro TemnepatypHo none WsoTepwrMTe nop puMtit Tr Netycese SHREJKM € HeRGSHOMHO ge eaMe TONKA of TENOTO So HOT MOMENT WMA nBe pagmHyHH TewnepatypH. Tae ce onparenu ean Bo MPyoM M SaspulynaaT Ha KONTypHTe Om TemTO. AKO OBHE MOBpUAINM ce npecevar co pamumna, ce _nodvpa_gaxunnja Na KpMBH NapeweNH zorepme Con. 2.1). Cn.2,1 - Msotepuu uw tewneparypex rpaanent Mpowewa wa reNnepaTypaTs ao TemoTO wowe ma HacTAKe | camo Bo npaneu Kod Pu ceNe MSOTePMNTE, MPH wo Hajranene npoNeNs wa veuneparypava no emmona nonauna ce janyna Bo npaneueT Kod eee ee ee eee ee eee. | prow WOpManno wa MMB (ipaseu 1 we cA.2.1) Pewneparypmvor rpaaues Ge AeduHNpa ZAKo FpaNWYHa BPEANOCT Na ooHoceT nonety MPHPAcTOT Ha ‘emnepatypata AT m pactojanwera An novety aoe uSOTePNRM noApuHitH ' @ BO Mpaseu Na HMBHaTA HOpMana,Kora Toa pacTolamne Texit KOH HyMA. 7 Mpunena a tKE 20 onpeacaysane na renneparypwore. pacmpeaenta u cocasermure Monperana U ABpopHauUT erp. 7Mpexoc a tommanc Paawe 2 AT) _ oT = (eT) _ 4 asa (J - 4, (F) = or (2.4) Sa paanmnn ToxKH om TenoTO, na «ga paSAMMH TOUKH Oh enna HOTA uaoTepm ae cane (@ NORPUMHA, TeMMepaTypHMoT rpanneNT Home ma Sue pasmnicH Mo MpaBel Tyky Hono WNTeNSHTET, H © HaceNeN on usOTEpHHa Rospunna co nenmcKa, Ko HSOTepxMa neBpUMHa Co nOBNCOKA vennepatypa. [lpn norycto noctaseH# HsoTepHHM noBpusien ennepar: t_rpazie Bo raSena 2.2 nanenut ce uapasn aa TennepatypNnoT PRAMHERT Bo PasmMUNK KoOPAHNATHM cHCTeMH . Koopa.cucten Tpanment VT 2 Titans] Sites +e / rage, S1EE t+ Es, tottnew| EWS ste Bt Tasena 2.2 - Tewneparypen rpamgventT eo pasmHMH xoOpR. CHCTeEMH 2.1.2 Tonsorex aporox u @ypueon saxox SBUIB_IOCTOM NDeHOS Ya TONNE BO HEKCE Teno Wmt cpenmNa, norpesuo © a NocTOM pasanka po Teuncparvoata no onmemnu TONKH 04 Toa reno T.e. pensparypuoT rpanNenr pa suze pasmiues Sauyns. Konniecreoze npshecene ronnie po egmuua ppene ce Mapenyea tonnaten npotox: @= @ C¥) , zonexe zonnozey npotow Be gatos We eninmue noBpUNNe on nonpewnvoT npecex No usoTeDNuuTE EOppune npetcTanyea TonnoTed DnyNc gue nexTOpcKa wemenna co HNTeHSHTET oe BO a D, 2 a" 3 ae 2.5) Bexropot G wma cuep otparen an cmepoT Ha Tewnepatypaue? rpamHent T.€. € copnata co cmepaT Ma npoctupame wa TonmuMata (en.2. 1). Mipunena wa MKE 20 onpeneayrone wa renmeparypuara, cmp. 8 pacnpeaedSa u cooasernure nanperana u aepopmatenNpexoc xa Tomaune Presa 2 Oypnse (Fourier) excnepwwentanto yrapain sea EReKeNTApHoTO KOMMECTRO TonMHA 6@, Koe noxMMyna UNS eneMenTapHa HaoTepMNa NOBpUHHa dA Bo MNQMNNTeSHMAReH BPEHERCKH HNTEDSan dt 2 mponopun ar 60 = -\ gredf da dt = aA da $F dt (2.8) KoegmunentoT wa mponopunonantocT Ce MaDsKYES Kesmuuueurus sronacnpozeatignsh BexTopot Ne TonNOTHMOT OnyKC Cera ome aa ce HopasH KaKo i 3-3 a ~hagedT dé. -) grad? = -d of G7 CkanspHeta ppeaHocT Na TonneTHHOT enyKe HanecyRa, ar . ze 2.8) ae Ta NPOEKTHPAHS NO TPHTE KOOPAMMATHN ocKH maBe i ar ar or 2 5 a: a Ft 2.97 TonnoTHHoT npoTok HHS Henava uSoTepHNa MOBpUmHa uSHECyBA 2 «eax f 2 o= fean=-f San ca. aT as -[ fa Hoa at (2.41) ara 24.4 Kocoumenr xa Tonsoaposoaxocr Koeplmerror xa zonconposcgmocr he @uswikn napaneTap koj ja Kapexrepusupa cnocosuocta Ne TenoTo we cnponenyna Tonmina ‘eS. 28 BPuM DPeHoC NO TonmiNe co xougvEunia, On pas.(2.7) ce nosHaa a ¥ geadty ’ fe E aed) Upumenea na MKE 2a onpegeaysase na renneparypwore. pacnpeseaSa u cooapernure Nonperawa is" gepopmanuu erp.Aipexce xe ronmna Paaza 2 uro nokamysa meKa KoegHUMeHTOT X SpojHo eANaKOD Ha KONHNECTBOTO TONAMHa Koe npoara quS emMHMUA OBPUNHA RO eAHMHA BpPexe, BO Yenoex Kora TeMMepatypator rpanueHT e envaxon Ha enMHUue. Bo Majronem Spoi cmyNeu oo) Koe@muMeNT ce onpenenysa EXCTEDHMENTaNNO M ce sanasA TaOmMNO, aaBuCHO on BMROT ta marepjanot Crycruma « enactwmoct). Kaj uppemute gene 70} sasucn ou zennepatypara, 2 kej reunocryts 4 racopure 1 on ty Caunu tasena T1 a0 Mpanor 1) Kaj uspctwre rena, so wajronem spoj_cnyuen, sasuenocra, Ha _KoeguunetiroT ua ronmonponoguocr A om Temnepatypars © muNeapHa, uro_¢_m_ekcnepuxenranto mOTBpmENS_: n oferty] (2.139 Ag7 KaeguMeNT Ha TonnonpoBeanocT mpx TeNnepatypa T, T - tennepatypa aa Koja ce onpemenyna xoewaumenrot > b - KoegnunentT KoJ ce onpemenyea excnepunerranno Axo KoeguuMeNToT Na TommonposoaxacT A ce seue KAKO TeHMeDATYPHO HESARHCEN, NpGdueNoT € AHeApeN, BO CNPOTHENS, Rposnevor cranyea nemmeapen (on. 2.2), x Ca.2.2 Envomimexsnonanen cTautonapen npenoc Ha ronauHa Haijnmo¢py npopognmum Na TonmaMa ce MeTanwTe. Kaj uup A] Se— Teel KDe@HUNENTOT Ha ToNRONpoROMMOCT A Ce HAMMM BO EPaHMEH on 3 20 460 CWwK?, 2 co_mopact na _reunepar Tpunena xa HKE 30 enpeaecayeane xa Teneparypwara exp. 10 posnpeacada 4 coogperture Nanperana w aegapranMpance wa ronan Praga 2 HSONEUUONATe M cpeneMuRTe waTepJann KoedMuMeNTOT MPOBODHOCT :SaBNCH OM CtpyKrypara Ha _NaTepJanor, noposnoera MpRaxHOCTa, 2 80 OnMeC Ha TeNNéparypara AoGpO ce MPMNDMyEA Ha pap.(2.13). Bpennocra ce neweu Bo cpannun_on 9.02 no 3.0 (WeNK? uv ‘R208 no 38 te ce nopact Ha NopesHocTa, a ce sronenyna co nopact Ha. ROMATYRE GO DOPSC7 BS Topeswoera, 4 ce sronenyna co nopact wa ZeMMeDaTypaTS MW Bnerara, na saroa TepMonsonauMOHKT® natepiann CA<0.25 WeNK) Tpesa na Sugar noceéHo saWTHTSHH om Anara. Kaj TeNMOCTHT® KOeSHUHENTOT HA TonnonpoRom#acT A ce ApwKM BO TpAXMUH On 0.05 mo 0.08 CW/WK? H Hajuecro nopactoT Ha TeMneparypaTa BMMjae MA HANARyBaHEe Ha MeroRAta epennocr. HeKnyucK € BonaTa, Kaj Koja, CoO NopacT Ma Temnepatypata on O°C no 150°C KoeduuHeHTOT Ma TonAoNpoRamHocT A ce ce sronenyea, A co RonaTanowen nopact onara. flopactoT Ha NPNTHCOKeT Ra} CUTE TeMMOSTH MeReaysa Do nopacT Na KoemHUKERTOT A . Haj nou npoeoauum ce racoaure. Ka} wae KoeguumentoT X ce newwn ao rpannun aa 2.008 no 0.6 CHWK? 4 ce sronenyna co ROpSc? Ha TeNneparypaTa, A NPOMEHATA NA TPHTMCOKOT HeSMaNMTeRHe anja. 2.2 Mperoe sa romana co nonperimia Kora @aen reven nam racen gnyna ce npiwen oKpa) xeKo, SHB.TOs Mpenasa um casexa Tonnuna on suzoT, BO SaBMCHOCT On TOA anv e noronen unm nonanex on nero. Onaa gopma Ha mpenecyane ua TORMHHA & NOSHATA Hoa HNeTO omenyJG NG ToRAuNarG, CnopeR Toa Kako wacTaHyna, KONBeKUMJatTa MONE ga GHne:RpupcANa un mpuct mea. Tpnpone meweene Na @nyxgoT MacTanyna “axa peaynrar xa TpasMTauMoure cund. THe ce nojasysear nopagn paanmumre cyctann RO Ommenty SoH Ma @nyHaeT Kora TO ce saronmyaa ua nann « Yectinmure cTalypaar nopeTKx # nonecun na cé xpepaat Harope, niacte noryeTH m MoTeumKt u nataan Nagony. AKO HCvesHe TenREpATypHaTa PAsMMKA ROMeTy @nyANOT H SHOT, Npectanyea a SHOGeRNOTO AMMMeEme Ne OAYENOT M cnoSoRHATA KoMBEKUMIA Ka, TonmMnata. Mp¥cHmto OBHMEne Ka gnyiinoT WaeTaHyBA Ropann Paannxa no reoneTcKaTa nucHHa ; paanuma BO npurMcounTe ; flpuxera xa MKE 2a onpeaccysane na rennepary para PornpeAscGa u coogzernure nanperana u ampopmauuy emp. ttApexoa na tonauna Pease 2 HAABOpeUNo MexaMMUKO neJeTBO Ha nyMna CuenTMnATOP)4 MPYTO , Bo Koj cnyuat WHaMe MpHCHANa KOMReKUMIE - Koupexunia wacramyae Kaxo pesyntaT wa mewone W mpemecrysane wa _wecT#UM co pasmmunn remnepatypy. Kora enyunoT @ ROTONON O SHNOT, HErOBUTe NOTONMH NecTHUM on BHATpeuocTa Ha crpyjara natyaaat KOH sumoT M Ce MeweaT co nonamiuTe vecTHuM. Mpx Hewanera TOMMuHaTa ce npewecysa necnenosaTemo om noTOnMM na nomankw YecTHUN W Majnocme Ha SHOT. OnanenuTe “ecTHUH ce BpaxeaT Hagar ge TonRaTa acNa wa cTpyjaTa. Kora sunot e noTonon om @nyanoT, TONNATe NeCTHMKK NOKDal S207 naTynaaT Bo BHaTpeunocTa Na CrpyjaTa M npeKy Weuame co noRagHHTe NeCTHNKU.TonMHATa. nocnenenatemo ce mpenecyna om snot wa énynmoT. Mewane na MecTHUM CO PaSRMNHM TeMNepaTyPH ce ocTeapysa co nonpexna gawwewe Ma MCTHTe, WTO € KAPAKTePUCTHNNG ae TyPGoneHTHOTO CTpyeHe, TA npomsieryaa eke npeaycnon sa nojaba wa KoNBeKUNjs ¢ TOcTOSHE MB, Typoomentno cryeme. Meu nannapno cepyene vecTHNKWTe Wa gmyMaoT ce opumaT no napanenun narexn Sea na c! ecTyRasT nonpet a_cTpye! apo onoJ ¢. Ry ocTBapH camo co KoK@yKumja T.€. KAKO na 2 snyHnoT Bo Mupysane. KapaxtepneTHymo ¢ mTO Bo KONTSRTOT noMelty eHnoT H WIyHAOT H HPM TyPSoneNTHO CTPyeHe Ce _janyna TeHOK naMuNapeH CTO} wis Ko} tommmnata ce npenecysa co XoMAyKUNja. JeGenumara Ha MAMHNAPHHOT cnoj sasNcu om MeKeke danTOpH. Kas moryeTH gnyunt 4 mpn_noGpao_crpyene Na dmyHnoT onos ono} @ novexou. Kaj onynaw Kal KOH KOSGHUMEHTOT Ha KOnAyENNja A © MoroNem, oo} CHO} e nonesen wu ogparne, Jlawunapyno as naron nam Na TeHmeparypara, ma xonky e ToJ cnoj nonesen, Tomy faconew mam ce octaapysa Con.2.3). Om rope MaNeceHOTO MOme Ha Ce aaKnyWH meKa je nOcTOH smcto MoNBeKTHAHO NpeHecysane Ha TonmMs. Tos ceKoram € APONPATENS CO NojaBa Ha KOMAYKUMJa BO MANKNApNHOT cmoj, HO ceMAK MENOKYNUHOT EHOMEN MA KOMSKMHPAMO MpeNecynane Ha TORMMHS © Hapewen xoxpexumja Na Tomauwara. OnpemenynameTo He KonWuECTRGTO npenecena TOMmNa CO KoMBeKuMJa MpeTCTAnyBa ciomeKa senate Rpunena xa NKE 20 onpeaenysame wa rewneparyprara erp. 12 poctpegedGa u coogmeTNUTe NaRperama u gepopmauulMpexoe na ronauna Pacna 2 SunejX" Sennen om nopede gexTopH, H Toa : “ arperatiate coczejca na onyxnoT Spautata Ha genMere na @ayanOT reunepatypara 4a @nynnor Cyerumata Ha dnynacr cnposonmmccra xa payor munapoeta Ha dbnynaoT CreuKeHHara TonnKNa He eAynaoT SopMa H Ronowsa Ha SHnOT Panasocta ma sunot rennepatypara Ha sumer # tin. em.2.3, Kounextnano npenecysame Na Tonnwa noMery sia a daynn WetensntetoT Ha TOUROTHMOT @AYKe HuS NaMHMepHKoT cAOd wowe na ce uspasn co pasenxara wa Fourier : ae- a SE [en] (2,14) FE ¢ rpanuent wa tenneperypara no nenunapHnor enol, | kane HopMamex Wa sumo. Herosara apeanoctT, mefyToa, HeMoMe eco na ce ompent. MopamH toa Newton npenaowua opyra paseHKa sa uuTenanteTo® | ‘na tomnorimo? ence + =a CT, | 7, fon (2.15) kane : ‘T, ~ Tenneparypa Ha @nynao? ff ‘ Tewneparypa Ha sunor @ - koeguuvenT Na nponapunouamioct Reuncua xa MKE 2a onpeaeaysone na revnepary prara pacnpeaenta u coogsetmire Nonperana Ww egopmayue erp. 13Meno na ronaena Paase 2 Keeduumentor Ha mponcpumoxannoct “ o RpeTcTaByS& KoeduunenT na MONBORTHBHO MBeHeCynaNe Na TONMMMATA, AM HakpaTka Kospieuewr sa kowsexuuja, Ce mocnBa on pas.C2.14) w 2.15) + wo NSE od, [ ¥eK J (2.18 M npercrasyee TonmiMa MpeneceHa Ha enMHMuA TOSpUKKA, AD enNE Speme, RpH TennepatypHa pasniKa on 1°C. 2.2.f Ompeaeaypane xa xoc@umexrot va Kopexmia Onpesenyaanero a TonnoTHMOT OMyKe NPA KONBEKTHOHS Tpewecysane 4a Tonmma ce coenyna Ha onpenerysame Ma KOegHUMANTOT na KoHReKUMJa a. Mopaan sanucHocTa na KoNMeKUMJaTa on MHOry PAXTOPK, GHARNTHNKOTO KSPasyRANS Ha % ROAM KON CHOMeNY nepuyjansy nu JAMRM paBenkn se pewan EROSRSHOT.. Om TAA MpwwuHe_owe) KoegHuNeNT NOjNecTO ce onpenenvaa excnepumentanto. On pas.(2.28) cneax nexa, sa excnepymentanno Onpenenypane wa KoeguuNenteT © noTpedHO ¢ na ce HaMeDM ToOnROTHMOT onyxe, Tewnepatypata Ha SHROT H Ka daynaoT. 3a Mepene Ha TONNOTMMOT GnYKC MOCROJaT NoBeKe MeTOMH, He THE aa pac ne ce om unTepec. le PeTxo KoeemuneuToT Ha KoNBeKTHEe npenecyRame @ ce onpenenyna co nguMena wa teopujava na enuyher *"*"??, npn mre (2.17) xane Nusselt-o! Ra cmuuHoct - kapaxrepucTiihg Momma va uspeTaze noapunna > - Koeguument ty MPABORNOeT HA SNYHROT APH anpeaene: Nusselt-osuar opal e ePasH, A saBHcHo oA Toa Band mane mpwnyny, 2.3.0 2.4): (2.18) ngx’pr™fEz,]e- 28 A Re"Gr' er) fa Kownexunia ; Ale A Gr Pr, "(EE)" Apuwena wa MKE 2a onpeaeaysame xa rewneparypyara emp. 14 Pocmpenenta 4 coogsernure sazperama u aegopmauuumeee eee eee eee Aipexce ua ronauna Paawe 2 2.3 Mpexoc xa romana co spavene - paaujawja Cure cyncrauuyM Ha Tewnepatypa wan anconyrHara Hyna pocenymaatT aNaTpewMa eMeprnja Koja Mowe Ra ce eNUTHpA BO popne Ha enexTpoMacNeTHu Spanoay. KonuvectsoTo eNHTHpawa TORMUNa SABHCK om npapomara u TewnepaTypaTa wa cyncTamujara wTo apaun. Mpetecynateto Tonmma no nar Ha Spaveme we ce BpUH co nocpereTas Ma MaTepHJa KAKO MPH KOMMVKUMIa H KOHBeKUMIa, TYRY Mowe ma ce geteapu M Mus paxyyn. TeMnepaTypaTa Ha aMSueHTOT HS Ket ce ApeHecysa ofapavewata TONMMNA, MOMe DA Sine noMUcKA On Tewnepatypata Na TenoTa ura ja npuMa Taa TonMANa. MpH Toa SPGMEHETO € OFOCTPANG, ITO SHAMH NeKA H OM OKOMMNTEe TENA ce spauK enepruja Na gamewoTo Teno. Ako pee Tens mgaT pasmmuna TeMmeparyea, noronmeto reso ewnTapa_apayna exepruja KOH nonanto7g Teno, HO HCTO TeKa M RoMaRNoTS Teno eMuTHpA 3) 1 Horennote tego, Bo KpainHoT Gunauc cenax nonanioTo Teno ce satonnyaa, Suaejee notonnoro Teno emuTHpa nonexe TonAMa onKONKY UTO APKMa, @ nomanMOTS Ten eMHTHPA MoNARKy TONMHHA oAKORKY uTO puna OR Tonnwnata_E!gospavena om oxonnuTe tena na naneHo Teno, eneu nen E_'ce pegnectipe, non oxommmata, ease nen B,'ce nponyura mM cavo enen nen E,‘ce ancop6upa.PegnentupanuoT mem € TASUMMpAH Co KOeguUMeNTOT Ha pedneKcnia "2" ) Mponywsennot gen co KOSSHUMEHTOT HE nponyurane “d", @ ancopsupannor gen co Koeguinent Ma ancopsumja “a” Con. 2.4). Ee 5+ Rs ES (2.22) ui S ie ca.2.4 - Pacnpenensa wa nospaenara enepriia. Apuncwa sa MKE 3a onpeacaysane na Tenneparypuara pocnpeacn’a 4 covanermure wanperana x aspoproyey erp. 17perce wa ronquxa Taase 2 On pas.(2.22} ce aosuea : ESSE CH EY EH ESE t= 1 (2.23) red+aci Cane _ancopéupanava ronmua wowe na crane nen on suarpaunara eueprija Ha renoto, Jann BHarpemHata eNepruja, PecneKTHBHO 1 Temnepatypara Ha TenoTa, Ke ce SronenM, NaMAmK uNM ocTaNe vera, Sanuch Of Toa amt TonmMNaTa £ Koja renoTo Ja spava, unt exuTupa Ma OKOMHMTe Tena, @ nOMane, TOronewa WAM HCTA CO ancopsxpanara tronnuMa E,".3a Tena Bo TonmMMcKa pawuoTema CT=const.) emnTupanara “Tonmmma © enMakna Ha ancopoupanara Tonnuna = Es E," (2.24) Weperure x TewMy Tena MajNecTo ce MemponycTnuam aa TonsMACKuTe apaum, Ma ka! HMB : Es @ E’+ hte Et r+and d= 8 (2.25) Sa npenoc Na TonawHa co spavene HajumTepecho e.gmeonyrno upwore zeae, 38 KOE = d=-@ <-@ a= Ee (2.26) se _ Axo gpa tengo ¢ Bo TonaWNcKa panuorema + Es E-c!' (2,27) n.e. BkynHaTa aospavena Tonnuwa, Koja TenoTO yenocno ja ancopéupa no cede, entakaa ¢ Ha BkyMHaTa enuTMpana TonmMne. Bo npHpomara ne nocTojatT aNconyTHO UPHN Tena T.e> Aen OA RoSpavenaza ronnia ce pepnextupa wasag C a ¢ 1), ma nopanu Toa 4 eMMTHpaNaTa TonmmHa MA) Teno BO TONAMNCKS PaNHoTema © Towana om nospatenara. Baxeo Teno © NosHaTO KAKO cuBO Teno: ECE (2.28) Onkecet Ha TonmtuaTa eHMTMpaHa om cTBApNo, uAM cuRe TEND, KOH exeprujara xoja 64 ce euurupana on ucTOTG Tem, ako ce onNecyaa Kaus anconyrHo upHo Teno, © HapeveN xoeguuvexr na enuewsa WAM erenen wo upwocy + EE, sect (2.28) Mpumena xa MKE 3a onpegenypane xa” Tenneparypxara erp. 16 pacnpeacaGa u cooaseTHuTe Nanperanwa ¥ aegopramueee eee Apenoc wa ronauna Paasa 2 2.3.1 Baxen wa Kirchefr Saxowat na Xirchos/ nape apexa nowery tonmuara ancopSitpata Om eGHO cTAapHo Teno Ro TORAMMCKa PaNNOTeMA H Tonmuners exnTMpaKa om Hero .3e Coke Teno 9 TonmNCKs payNoTewa SNCOpSupavara TONAMNA © emHaKna Ne ennTMpaNata (pan.2.24). Sa anconyTHo upto tenc, Kage ¢ E ‘= E_ imane E's Ej'= 8, (2.30) 3a_cume teno, om pee. (2.25) 4 (2.29) ce noowma : (2.31) Bunejkw sa cexoe réno naan E ase (2.32) T.€. KQS@HUMeHTOT Na ancopsunja M KoeduunenzoT wa ewHcHja Ha enno CTRaptio Teno wMaaT enMaKeM apanuocTH - 2.3.2 Lambert-op saxox Exeprujara 2o3pavena unt eMwrupane on éa0 Teno & najronena so npabeu ua HopManaza wa toa zeno, Bo mpyrure npanun eveprijeta onata co nopact Na aronet @ SATBOPEN noMefy apacor MOpManaTa Ha TenoTo (cn.2.5). E,* £, cose (2.93) kane : E,- skeprwta no npaseu xa wopmanara E,- eHepraja so npamen non aron » xo HopManava en.2.5 — Murensutet wa tonne ao npowssonen mpanen Aipumena uo MKE 50 onpeasaysone Na renneparypuara pacnpeaenda u cooaBermure Kanperana u asgopeaus erp. 19Mpenoc na renauna Praze 2 Opa e¢ on naceGex wRTepec mpm onpenenyaane xa KonMMectReTo TONANHA moSspavetto BPS Teno ManowmeHo Ha conueRH speun. Cowuero spavu orpouna ekeprija ne Senjata. Mepenate “+ nekewyesaT exe Na eamutia Hameopeua nonpuNKe on atMocoepaTa aocnesa oxony 1.35 - 1.4 KW-m*, a go senjunata noapumne mocnena maxcumanno on 6.9 - 9.98 K¥-m*, wro aasucn om : romMunoTo epeme, enero 80 MEHOT, MeTEOPORGUKKTe MpANMK, NpRCyCTBOTO Ha ANCOPSUMOHM FacoBH MH UBPCTH Y@CTHKN BG aTMoc@epara. Axo co gq” ro “OSHSNUME TORMOTHHST pAyKc Koj NOTeKHYBa OG CONNeBaTAa panuiaumia, a 60 p aronoT uTo Toj ro fpanh co HopNanara Na noBpuiHara Koja ro MPMNa, ancopgupaxwoT TonnoreH dayne (cn.Z.8) ke nanecyea : a= ata cose (2.34) Ta cn.2.6 -Ancopouja Ma convesa exepruja 2.3.3 Stefan - Boltzmann - 98 saxon | Tonnorw: BUCK ON RPMponaTa HA TenoTG uTo apa Mom Heropata Temneparypa. 3a amconyrHo upyo reno oeaa samucHoct e manena ce Stefan-Boltzmann-oaHoT saxon + E-¢, TS VJ (2.35) Kane : T,7 anconyrna texnepatypa a TenoTo @_- Stefan-Boltzmann-ona KencTaxTa o,7 8.660107 tw mK: (2.36) 3a creapno, ree. cso Teno, TonmoTHOTe spaNene HoNecyna = B= eB .2 ee ToT (2.37) Bo omoj cnyve} omapavexata enepruja sapycn H 0m Kos@MuneHTOT Ha euucHia ¢, Kos nak samcn om npupomara wa Tenors (ueTan,Heneran, fipunena ua MKE sa onpeaeaysose ua renseparypeara erp. 28 POCRpeAeAba U coogsernure Nonperana u gepopmaypeApexoc xa romaune Faape 2 aronoT nom Koj nafaaT apaunre, om cjaiuocta Na nospumHaTa won HejawNara Tennepatypa, Bo Mpunor 1 eo tasena TS. mane ce BPEMHOCTHE SA KoeduuNenToT Wa SHNCHJa Bo Reese Na Hopwanara — <,, Koj © enHakos co KoeguuneNTOT Ha ancopoutja — a. 2.3.4 Spayua exepraja oa sarpcaxu eayuan Axo okonY UBPCTS Teno CEPYK @nyKA KOI e Bo Teka gueprercka cocrej6a wre span evepruja, npk TepumuKaTa axamnsa pea na ce seMe 30 SSP NOCTOeReTO HM Ha KONBeKUNja Mua pauijauuja. Toa ce nOcTHrHysS co soReayeane wa saeamiiKn KOCPHIHENT Ha npSHHH He TonAKNaTa +a, (2.98) TonnoTHMOT @nyKc OCTRAapeM co KONBeKUMia HsHeCyRa + Gye OZ ™, (2.98) ane : T, = Tewnperypa va enyunor T, > Tewnepatypa ua sunoT @ - Koe@uunentTOT Ha KoMmexaWa TonnoTHoT npoToK ocTBapen co panijaunja cnpema pas.(2.35) e+ = 60 T,*,- 1," eae tet £2.48) POTS OT, wt, (2.41) kane : Ty.” anconytHa Tennepatypa Ha gnynaoT TL - anconytna Tewnepatypa na sinor @. - Koe@nUMeHT Ha pamKauwia (TeNMepatypNo saeucen) © - Koednument na enncnia sg a a! ef] Y (2.42) ep ey wane : Vi- haktep He Menomenoct ua renoTo ©,- OMHCHBHOCT Ma ényuaoT ©,” CNMCHBMOCT Ma NoapuNNaTa Na TeneTO-sKKROT Buynuor Tonnotex gaye ce mo6uBa Kako S6up oA para, Toe. a= 4.484, 2 (ata) ¢7,-,) (2.49) Mpumexa vo MKE 9a onpegeaysone Ho remneparypeara Pacnpesenda u cooaseTNuTe wanperasa 2 AegopMauuL emp. 21Apexoe xa ranauua Paasa 2 2.4 Ockonna augepenmiasna pamenna ga mpenoc na Tomauna Ochouxa paseuma:sa auanusa Ha npewec a TonAMHG Bo paarnenywamo Tey npeTcTasyaa pasenkata 2a exeprercnn Ganaxc ‘7; BE Bote (2.44) ‘ KomMMecTEO TONAUMa KOE BNerysa BO TANOTO tn 20 eaMHuUa epexe E, - komuvectao tonmina noe ce rewepupa ao renota Bo eanua apene E,,.> Kommectec tonmma xoe ro Hanyura renote Bo SaAnnHua spene EL. - kommecteo Tonawma ce ja meuyes eNaTpeuara evepriia Na TenoTo no eamHiua BpeKe Ope toa, Npexocot na tonne NOME Ra ce OCTRApH Ha noBeke MaNMaa: a)_Co vonmynuusa, Bo Koj caysej TonaoTMnor gayKe t-e. KONUNECTBOTO TONAUHA Kot NIMES Hua eMHHKUA TonpeNeH npecex, BO eauuiua Bpeme, ce samasa co par. (2.9) + - eT SERIES Bee kane A - KoepuUNeNT Ha TonnenpooAKecT Ha waTepjanoT CnpoctopHo # TauneperypHs aasucen? T - rennepatypa (npocropHe « apemencxn sesucna) - nN - Mopwana Ha noapunua wa nonpesen mpecex b) Co Kowmenunia, a0 x0s Cnyua) tonnetHMoT gayec Tie. ao KOMBEK HIS, KOMHMECTROTG TONRMA KOs Bo EMHHMUA BEEN NpECta om FenoTO He OKaMMMOT @nyitz. WA OSpaTKO, ce aanasa co pan.(2.15}) = 6, a (T= 7) Kame S - ROSHHUMEHT He KONBeKUNIA Cee yoRoJysa HoNeTaNTER? T,T- renmepatypa va sHmoT uoRa anynnor coonserue ena no KE sa onpepenysane wa renneparypwora pactpeagnia u covaseTMure Kanperame 4 2epopuaueApauoc we remmenn Paova 2 8) Co panijauwja, Bo KOs cayvaj nospunnexnor TonnoTeN mnyue ta tTenote ce masa co pas-(2.40) a= 4,(T_- T) kame = G.- XoeguUHeNT Ha pamsjaunja Crennepatypuo sesucen) T,.T,- Tennepatypa wa sunot H Na gnyunoT CooaneTHO AKO BO TenoTo ce renepupe Tonya Kae peaynraT Ha RPSTEapae Na _KeNNICKe WI eneKTpMYNE eHepreJa ao TonnoTHa, KonmmectEoTo TeHepmpana Tommie Bo enuNMua apeme Ke HsHecyEa B- av (2.45) Rene: @ - java ne ronnotiuor wanop (umm mouop) T.e. ——OE_— Em BonoP? KonMYecTAG TonMMNA KOE ce reNepMpe BO enwKHua Bpexs, BO CQHHHUa Bomynen (BPEMEHCKH sanHceH? WY - sonynes wa tenoro Tewnepatypara Ha TenowTs ce sronenyna KaKo pesyntTaT He akyuynupaxa ae SE OE OS ey Fra re ek ayia PonnUNA, AN} WHTeNSHTET Ge aanana co (2.48) kane = Po~ vyeTHHa Ha Narepjanor (mpoCTOPHO saniesa) © ~ cneuuguyex Tonnoveu Kanauurer Ha MaTepjanor CnpccTopmo 4 TewnepatypHo Sasnces) ¥ - ponynen wa renoto - Tewmepatypa (mpocTopxo H BpeNeNCKH sanncHa) t BDeMeHCKH napaneTap Cneungunot Tonnotek KanauxteT wa maTepjanor “c" Rperstasyee KoMMVeCTRO TonmHNa NOTpeSNO na ce aKyMyANpe BO GaNHNUa Hace on TemoTO, Sa na ucTOTO Je Sronemu Temnepatypata sa SRL UGS Seen Eee ee enen crenen |". Onai Koeguunent acyumoct ja uspesysa cnocosMecTa Ha MaTepianoT na Bo cede aKyuyaupa TonnHna He TennepaTypKO saencex. Ce xapasyna wo (I~ (xg K)) ¢eaau tasena T1 eo Mpwnor 1) Fpumena ua MEE sa onpeasayeque ka rexceparyprara PaenpereeGa u coogvernure Nanperasa 4 asgopnazuy orp. 23