Lun vn

ti: Thit k my bin p

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

LI NI U
i vi chuyn ngnh Thit b in - in t , My bin p l mt lnh vc
rt quan trng. Chnh v vy, thit k mn hc My bin p c mc ch gip cho
sinh vin nm c nhng bc c bn nht trong vic tnh ton kt cu ca mt
My bin p.
Di s hng dn ca thy Bi c Hng - ging vin B mn Thit b
in - in t, em hon thnh n mn hc ca mnh vi ti Thit k My
bin p in lc ngm du. Trong qu trnh lm chc chn s khng trnh khi thiu
st, qua em mong thy gio v cc bn gp n c tt hn.
. SP = 250 kVA
. Um = 6,3/0,4 kV
. I0% = 2%
. P0 = 610 W
. UK% = 4
. Pk = 4100 W
. T ni dy Dy11
.iu chnh 2x2,5%

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

N THIT K MY BIN P
A . Xc nh cc kch thc ch yu:
I. Xc nh cc i lng in c bn:
1. Dung lng mt pha:
250
Sf =
= 83,33 kVA
3
Dung lng trn mi tr:
250
= 83,33 kVA
St =
3
2. Dng in dy nh mc:
- Pha cao p:
Sp
250.10 3
=
= 22,9 A
I 1f =
3.6,3.10 3
3.U 1
- Pha h p:
Sp
250.10 3
I 2f =
=
= 360,8 A
3.U 2
3.400
3. in p pha nh mc:
- Pha cao p:
Ud1 = Uf1 = 6,3 kV
- Pha h p:
U
400
U f2 = 2 =
= 231 V
3
3
4. in p th nghim ca dy qun:
- Dy qun cao p vi U1 = 6,3 kV Uth = 20 k V
Dy qun h p vi U2 = 0,4 kV Uth = 5 kV
-

II. Chn cc s liu xut pht v tnh cc kch thc ch yu:

1. Chiu rng quy i ca rnh t tn gia dy qun cao p v h p: vi Uth1 = 20
kV, ta c a12= 1,2 cm; 12= 4 mm. Trong rnh a12 ta dt ng cch in dy 12= 4 mm.
Theo cng thc:
2

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

a1 + a 2
'
= k.4 S P
3
k l h s ph thuc dung lng my bin p, tra bng 13.1 ta c k = 0,45
thay vo ta c
a1 + a 2
'
= k.4 S P = 0,45.4 83,33 =1,51 cm
3
aR khong cch ph thuc kch thc hnh hc ca dy qun h p v cao p,
vy:

a R = a 12 +

a1 + a 2
= 1,2 + 1,51 = 2,71 cm
3

2. H s quy i t trng: kR=0.95

3. Cc thnh phn in p ngn mch:
- in p ngn mch tc dng:
Pn
4100
=1,64%
U nr =
=
10.S P 10.250
- in p ngn mch phn khng:

U nx = U 2n _ U 2nr = 4 2 _ 1,642 =3,65%

4. Ta chn tn cn lnh m hiu 3405 c chiu dy 0,35mm. Ly mt t
thng trong tr BT = 1,6T, h s kG = 1,02. p tr bng nm vi ng Baklt, p
gng bng thp U khng dng bulng xuyn qua tr v gng. S dng li thp c
mi ghp nghing 4 gc v ba mi p thng gia tr v gng. Theo bng 13.2
vi SP= 250 kVA ta chn tr c 6 bc, s bc thang ca gng ly nh hn tr 1
bc tc l ggng c 5 bc, h s in y kd=0,928; h s chm kn kc = 0.93, nn
h s li dng li st kl = kd.kc = 0,928.0,93=0,86.
T cm trong gng BG = 1,6/1,02=1,57 T. Twf camr khe h khng kh mi
ni thng Br = BT = 1,6 T, t cm mi ni xin BK= BT/ 2 =1,6/ 2 =1,13 T.
Tra bng, ng vi tng gi tr mt t cm ta s c sut tn hao trong thp v
tn hao t ho trong tr:
. Sut tn hao trong thp:
-Trong tr
pFeT = 1,230 W/kg
-Trong gng
pFeG = 1,17 /kg
. Tn hao t ho
-Trong tr
qFeT = 1,602 VA/kg
3

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

-Trong gng
qFeG = 1,486 VA/kg
-Trong khe h khng kh
+Ni thng qK= 1,92 VA/cm2
+Ni nghing qK= 0,272 VA/cm2
5. Cc khong cch cch in chnh
. Gia tr v dy qun h p ao1= 5mm
. Gia dy qun h p v dy qun cao p, a12 = 1,2 cm
. ng cch in gia dy qun cao p v h p, 12= 0,4 cm
. Gia cc dy qun h p, a22 = 2,2 cm
. Tm chn cc pha 22= 0,2 cm
. Gia dy qun cao p n gng, lo = 4 cm
. Phn u tha ca ng cch in, ld2=3 cm
5. Cc hng s tnh ton , vi dy dn bng ng v in p dy qun cao p l
6,3 kV (bng 13.5 v 13.6)
. a = d12/d = 1,36
. b = 2a2/d = 0,4
6. H s tn hao ph, vi cng sut 250 kVA ta chn kf = 0,94 (bng 13.7)
7. Chn vi di bin thin t 1,2 n 3,6, xc nh gi tr ti u ca ta
phi tnh cc s liu v cc c tnh c bn ca m.b.a:
+ A=4

S 'P .a R .k R
f .U nx .B 2T .k 2l

= 16 4

83,33.2,71.0,95
= 14,04
50.3,65.1,6 2 .0,88 2

+A1 = 5,66.10-2.a.A3.kl = 5,66.10-2.1,36.14,043.0,88 = 187 kg

+A2 = 3,6.10-2.A2.kl.l0 = 3,6.10-2.14,042.0,88.4 = 25,1 kg
+B1 = 2,4.10-2.kl.kG.A3.(a+b+e)
= 2,4.10-2.0,88.1,02.14,043(1,36+0,4+0,411) = 129,43 kg
e = 0,411 i vi thang nhiu bc
+ B2 = 2,4.10-2.klkG.A2.(a12+a22)
= 2,4.10-2.0,88.1,02.14,042.(1,2+2,2) = 14,44 kg
S P .a 2
+ C1 = K dq .
k f .k 2l .B 2T .u nr .A 2
= 2,46.10 2

250.1,36 2
= 188,82 kg
0,94.0,88 2 .1,6 2 .1,64.14,04 2

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

+ M = 0,2453.10 - 4 .k 2n .k f .k R .
trong :

100
.(1 + e
kn = 1,41.
un
100
.(1 + e
= 1,41.
4

Pn
a.A

-.u nr
u nx

- .1, 64
3, 65

)
) = 43,84

4100
= 9,04 MPa
1,36.14,04
+ Trng lng tn silic cc gc ca gng:
M = 0,2543.10 -4 .43,84 2 .0,94.0,95.

Gg = 0,486.10-2.kl.kG.A3.x3
= 0,486.10-2.0,88.1,02.14,043.x3= 12,07x3 kg
+ Tit din tr li st:
ST = 0,785.kl.kG.A2.x2
= 0,785.0,88.1,02.14,042.x2 = 139x2
+ Tit din khe h vung gc:
SK= ST = 139x2
+ Tit din khe h cho
SK = ST/ 2 =98,29x2
+ Tn hao khng ti, theo cng thc 13-24:
P0 = kf.( pT.GT + pG.GG ) = 1,25.( 1,23.GT + 1,17.GG )
= 1,538.GT + 1,463.GG
kf h s tn hao ph trong st, tn cn ngui ly kf = 1,25
+ Cng sut t ho, theo cng thc 13-26:
Q0 = kf .(Qc + Qf + QK)
Trong :
. kf h s xt n s phc hi t tnh khng hon ton khi li l tn,
chn kf = 1,25
. Qc cng sut t ho chung ca tr v gng
Qc = qT.GT + qG.GG
= 1,602.GT + 1,486.GG
. Qf Cng sut t ho i vi gc c mi ni vung gc
Qf = 40.qT.GG = 40.1,602.GG = 64,08.GG
. QK cng sut t ho khe h khng kh ni gia cc l thp
QK = 3,2.qK.SK = 3,2.0,272.139x2 = 120,9x2
Vy cng sut t ho tng l:
Q0 = kf .(Qc + Qf + QK)

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

= 1,25.( 1,602.GT + 1,486.GG + 64,08.Gg + 120,9x2 )
= 2.GT + 2,972.GG + 80,1.Gg + 151x2
Lp bng tnh gi tr cc tham s c bn ng vi tng gi tr ca bin thin t
1,2 n 3,6;t xc nh c ga tr ti u :

x=
4

x2= 4

1,2
1,047
1,095

1,8
1,16
1,34

2,4
1,25
1,55

3,0
1,32
1,73

3,6
1,38
1,90

3
1,15
1,55
1,93
2,28
2,62
x3= 4
A1/x = 187/x
178,67 161,44 150,24 142,09 135,76
2
2
A2.x = 25,1.x
27,39
33,54
38,73
43,3
47,43
2
GT = A1/x +A2/x
206,05 194,99 188,97 185,39 183,19
3
3
B1.x = 129,43x
148,41 201,15 249,59 295,06 338,29
2
2
B2.x = 14,44x
15,82
19,37
22,37
25,01
27,40
3
2
GG= B1.x + B2.x
164,23 220,53 271,96 320,07 365,69
GFe = GT + GG
370,28 415,51 460,93 505,46 548,89
3
Gg = 12.07x
13,84
18,76
23,27
27,51
31,55
P0
=
1,538.GT
+
557,17 662,52 688,52 753,39 816,75
1,463.GG
Q0 = 2.GT + 2,972.GG + 2174,100 2750,43 3284,48 3787,81 4266,50
80,1.Gg + 151x2
iox = Q0/(10.SP)
0,87
1,10
1,31
1,52
1,71
2
2
Gdq= C1/x = 188,82/x
172,37 140,74 121,88 109,01
9,52
GCu = 1,66.Gdq
286,14 233,63 202,33 180,97 165,20
KCuFe.GCu = 2,21.GCu
632,35 516,31 447,14 399,93 365,09
Ctd = GFe + kCuFe.GCu
1002,6 931,82 908,07 905,39 931,97
3,05
3,38
3,63
3,84
4,02
0,94.4100
J=
2,4.G dq

cp = M.x3 = 9,04.x3
d = A.x3= 14,04.x
d12 = a.d = 1,36.d
l = .d12/
2a2 = b.d = 0,4.d
C= d12+ a12 + 2a2 + a22

10,36
14,69
20,00
52,29
5,88
29,26

14,05
16,26
22,12
38,58
6,50
32,02

17,43
17,48
23,77
31,10
6,99
34,16

20,61
18,48
25,13
26,30
7,39
35,92

23,63
19,34
26,3
22,94
7,74
37,44

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

Ta s thy gi thnh thp nht s ng vi 3,6 3,0; nhng vi gii hn P0
16,26
= 610 W, ta s ly gi tr 2,4 1,2, tung ng ng knh li st
d 14,69. Trong khong ny tt c cc tham s u t tiu chun.
Cn c vo ng knh li st tiu chun ta chn gi tr d = 16 cm, lc =
1,69; x = 4 = 4 1,69 = 1,14
Tit din li st s b:
ST = 129.x2 = 139.1,142 = 181 cm2
ng knh trung bnh ca rnh du s b
d12 = a.d = 1,36.16 = 21,76 cm
Chiu cao dy qun s b
.d 12 .21,76
=
=39,33 cm
l=
1,69

Chiu cao tr li st s b
lT = l + 2.l0 = 39,33 + 2.4 = 47,33 cm
Khong cch gia cc tr li st s b
C = d12+ a12 + 2a2 + a22
= 21,76 + 1,2 + 0,4.16 + 2,2 = 31,56 cm
in p ca mt vng dy
uv = 4,44.f.BT.ST.10-4 = 4,44.50.1,6.181.10-4
= 6,43 V
Trng lng st s b :
GFe = 407,18 kg
Trng lng ng s b:
Gdq = 145,29 kg
Mt dng in s b:
J = 3,32 A/mm2
ng sut trong dy qun:
cp = 13,39 Mpa
Tn hao khng ti
P0 = 610,41 W
Dng khng ti %
I0% = 0,97

B. Tnh ton dy qun:

I. Dy qun h p:
1. Sc in ng ca mt vng dy:
uv = 4,44.f.BT.ST.10-4 = 4,44.50.1,6.181.10-4
= 6,43 V

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

2. S vng dy trong mt pha ca dy qun h p:
U
231
w1 = f 1 =
= 35,93 36 vng
u v 6,43
Nh vy in p mt vng dy
U
231
uv = f 1 =
= 6,42 V
w1
36
3. Mt dng in trung bnh:
Theo cng thc 13-18
P .u
4100.6,42
Jcp = 0,746.k n . n v = 0,746.0,94.
S p .d 12
250.21,76
2
= 3,39 A/mm
4. Tit din vng dy s b:
I
360,84
= 106,44 mm2
s1 = f 1 =
J cp
3,39
Vi iu kin
SP = 250 kVA,
If1 = 360,84 A
Um = 400 V
S1 = 106,44 mm2
Tra bng XV, ta chn kiu dy qun l kiu qun kp dy dn ch nht, do
cng ngh ch to n gin, r, lm ngui tt thch hp vi my cng sut nh,
nhng n cng c nhc im l bn c nh, ta s khc phc nhc im ny
trong qu trnh chn dy v thng s dy.
5. S vng dy ca mt lp :
w
36
=18 vng
w11 = 1 =
n
2
n: S lp, v qun kp nn n = 2.
6. Chiu cao hng trc ca mi vng dy:
l1
39,33
=
= 2,07 cm = 20,7 mm
hv1 =
w 11 + 1 18 + 1
7. Cn c vo hv1 = 20,7 mm; tit din s1 = 106,44 mm2, theo bng VI.2, ta
chn tit din mi vng dy bao gm 2 si chp song song, chia thnh 2 lp dy
(qun ng kp ).
Kch thc dy h p nh sau:
4,1x20
x79,52
PB 2x
4,6 x20,5
8. Tit din thc ca mi vng dy

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

s1 = 2x79,52= 159,04 mm2
9. Mt dng in thc trong dy qun
360,84
= 2,27 A/mm2
J1 =
159,04
10. Chiu cao tnh ton ca dy qun h p
l1 = hv1.(w11 + 1) + 1 = 2,05.(18+1) = 39,95 cm

a01
a1
b

a11

11. B dy ca dy qun h p
a1 = 2.a+a11
a: b dy ca 1 si dy, a=4,6mm
a11: khong cch gia hai lp ca dy qun ng kp, chn a11=5mm
a1 = 2.4,6 +5 = 14,2 mm = 1,42 cm
12. ng knh trong dy qun h p:
D1 = d+2a01
a01: 5mm = 0,5 cm; d= 16cm
D1 = 16 +2.0,5 = 17 cm
13. ng knh ngoi ca dy qun h p:
D1 = D1 + 2.a1
a1 = 1,42 cm, D1 = 17 cm
D1 = 17+ 2.1,42 = 19,84 cm
14. B mt lm lnh ca dy qun h p:
M1 = t.kK..(D1+D1).l1.10-4
t: s tr tc dng, t = 3
kK h s xt n s che khut b mt ca dy qun, kK = 0,75
thay vo:
M1 = 3.0,75..(17+19,84).39,95.10-4 = 1,04 m2

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

15. Trng lng ng dy qun h p , theo cng thc 13-76a
D 1' + D 1"
GCu1 = 28.t.
.w 1 .s1 .10 -5
2
17 + 19,84
= 28.3.
.36.159,04 .10-5 = 88,6 kg
2

II. Dy qun cao p

1. Chn s iu chnh in p, cn c vo cng sut ca my bin p l

250 kVA ta b tr on dy iu chnh nm lp ngoi cng, mi lp iu chnh
c b tr thnh hai nhm trn di dy qun ni tip vi nhau v phn b u
trn ton b chiu cao dy qun nn khng xut hin lc chiu trc.
Cc u phn p c cc ca b i ni ba pha. Dng lm vic nh mc
qua cc tip im chnh l dng nh mc ca dy qun cao p bng 22,9 A.
in p ln nht t ln hai u tip im ca b i ni l:
- in p lm vic Ulv = 10%.Uf2 = 10%.6,3.103 = 630 V
- in p th Uth = 2.Ulv
S iu chnh in p
A

x4

x5
12

x3
12
12

54

12
12
12
12

11 lp bnh
thng

12

2 lp iu
chnh

10

x2

x1

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

2. S vng dy cun cao p ng vi Um
U f2
6,3.10 3
w2 = w 1 .
= 36.
231
U f1
= 982 vng
3. in p mt cp iu chnh
u = 2,5%.U2 = 2,5%.6,3.103 = 157,5 V
4. S vng dy cao p mt cp iu chnh:

157,5
24 vng
wc = U =
uv
6,42
5. S vng dy tng ng trn cc u phn p
in p
u dy
6615,0 V
X1
6457,5V
X2
6300,0V
X3
6142,5V
X4
5985,0V
X5

Mc iu chnh
+ 5%
+2,5%
0%
-2,5%
-5%

S vng dy cao p
982+2.24 = 1030 vng
982+1.24 = 1006 vng
982 vng
982 1.24 = 958 vng
982-2.24=934 vng

6. Mt dng in trong cun cao p:

J2 = 2Jcp J1 = 2.3,39 2,27 = 4,51 A/mm2
7. Tit din dy cao p s b:
I
22,9
= 5,08 mm2
s2 = f'2 =
4,51
J2
8. Cn c vo cng sut my bin p 250 kVA, dng If2 = 22,9 A, U2=6,3 kV,
s2=5,08 mm2 tra bng XV ta chn kt cu dy qun l kiu hnh ng nhiu lp
tit din trn, u dim ca phng php ny l cng ngh ch to n gin,
nhng nhc im l tn nhit km v bn c thp, nhng vi cng sut
ca my nh th ta c th khc phc c nhng nhc im ny trong khi chn
la thng s dy qun v kiu cch tn nhit.
Theo bng VI.1 hn dy dn trn m hiu PTEV c quy cch nh sau:

2,36
;4,36
2,46
9. Tit din thc ca mi vng dy,
s2 = 2.4,36 = 8,72 mm2
PTEV-2x

10.Mt dng in thc trong mi vng dy

11

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

I f 2 22,9
=
= 2,62 A/mm2
s2
8,72
11. S vng dy trong mt lp:
l2
399,5
w12 =
1
=
- 1 = 81vng
2.2.46
n v 2 .d '2
Trong :
l2 = l1 = 39,95 cm = 399,5 mm
nv2 l s si chp trong mt vng dy, nv2 = 2
12. S lp ca dy qun:
w
1030
= 13 vng
n12 = 2 max =
w 12
81
13. in p lm vic gia hai lp k nhau
u12 = 2.w12.uv = 2.81.6,42 = 1040,04 V
14. Cn c vo u12 = 1040 V, ta chn cch in gia cc lp ca dy qun
hnh ng nhiu lp, chiu dy cch in l 12=0,12 mm, s lp giy cch in l
2 lp.
15. Nh trn cp nhc im chnh ca kiu dy qun ny l to nhit
km, m bo iu kin to nhit tt ta qun nn que nm.
B tr dy qun nh sau:
Lp th nht n lp th 11:
80.11 = 891 vng
Lp th 12:
54 + 2.12 =78 vng
Lp th 13:
6.12 = 72 vng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Tng cng
1030 vng
16. Chiu dy dy qun cao p
Theo cng thc 13-54a
a2 = d.n12 + 2.12 (n12-1)
=2,46.13 + 2.0,12.(13-2) + 5= 34,8 mm=3,48 cm
17. ng knh trong ca dy qun cao p
D2 = D1 + 2.a12
= 19,84 + 2.1,2 = 22,24 cm
18. ng knh ngoi ca dy qun cao p
D2 = D2 + 2.a2
= 22,24 + 2.3,48 = 29,2cm
19. Khong cch gia hai tr cnh nhau
C = D2 + a22
= 30,16 + 2,2 = 32,36 cm
20. Din tch b mt lm lnh ca dy qun
Dy qun cao p qun trn nm, nn theo cng thc 13-59ab
J2 =

12

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

M2 = 1,5.t. k..(D2+D2).l2
Trong : t s tr tc dng, t=3.
k l h s k n s che khut, y ta ly k = 0,88
M2 = 1,5.3.0,88..( 22,24+ 30,21).39,95.10-4
= 2,61 m2
21. Trng lng dy qun cao p
D ' + D "2
GCu2 = 28.t. 2
.s 2 .w 2 max .10 -5
2
22,24 + 29,2
= 28.3.
.1030.8,72.10 -5 = 194kg
2
160

14,2

161
164
165

12

34,8

22
40

20

3
179,2
183,2
186,2
191,2
226
S b tr qun dy v kch thc chnh
ca dy qun h p v cao p

III. Tnh ton cc tham s ngn mch

A. Tn hao
1. Tn hao chnh
13

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

- Tn hao ng trong dy qun h p
Theo cng thc 13-75
PCu1 = 2,4.J2.GCu1
= 2,4.2,272.88,6 = 1096 W
- Tn hao ng trong dy qun cao p
PCu2 = 2,4.J2.GCu2
D '2 + D "2
GCu2 = 28.t.
.s 2 .w 2 m .10 -5
2
22,24 + 29,2
= 28.3.
.982.8,72.10 -5 = 185 kg
2
PCu2 = 2,4.2,622.185 = 3048 W

2. Tn hao ph trong dy qun

Tn hao ph thng c ghp ni vo tn hao chnh thng qua h s tn hao kf
, do vic xc nh tn hao ph chnh l xc nh h s kf
- Vi dy qun h p tit din dy ch nht, theo cng thc 13-78b
kf = 1+0,0952.a4.n2
b.m
+=
.k R
l1
. b chiu cao mt vng dy, b=20,5 mm
. m l s thanh dn ca dy qun song song vi t thng tn, m = 18
. l chiu cao ton b dy qun, l = 39,95 cm
. kR h s Ragovski, ly kR = 0,95
2,05.18
=
.0,95 = 0,88 2 = 0,77
39,95
+ a kch thc dy dn thng gc vi t thng tn, a = 4,1 mm
+ n s thanh dn ca thanh dn song song vi t thng tn, n=4.
Vy: kf1 = 1+0,0952.a4.n2
= 1+0,095.0,77.(0,41)4. 42 = 1,033
-Vi dy dn cao p tit din trn, theo cng thc 13-78c
kf = 1+0,0442.d4.n2
d.m
+=
.k R
l2
. d ng knh trn ca dy qun cao p, d=2,36 cm
. m s thanh dn ca dy qun song song vi t trng tn, m=81
. l2 = 39,95 cm

14

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

0,236.81
.0,95 = 0,452 = 0,21
39,95
+ n s thanh dn ca dy qun vung gc vi t trng tn, n=13
Vy: kf2 = 1+0,044.2.a4.n2
=

= 1+0,095.0,21.(0,236)4. 132 = 1,0048

A)

B)

Hnh v dng xc nh tn hao ng trong cc dy qun

A) Vi dy ng ch nht
B) Vi dy ng trn

3. Tn hao ph trong dy dn ra

PCur = 2,4.J2.GCur
+J: mt dng in ca dy qun
+GCur khi lng ng dy dn ra ca dy qun
GCur = lr.sr.Cu
.lr: chiu di dy dn ra
. khi lng ring ca ng, Cu =8900kg/m3
- Khi lng ng dy dn ra ca dy qun h p
GCur1 = lr1.sr1.Cu
V h p u Y nn lr1 = 7,5 l1 = 7,5.39,95 = 299,63 cm
GCur1 = 299,63.159,04.8900.10-8 = 4,24 kg
Vy tn hao dy dn ra h p l:
PCur1 = 2,4.2,272.4,24 = 52,44 W
- Khi lng ng dy dn ra ca dy qun cao p
GCur2 = lr2.sr2.Cu
V cao p u nn lr1 = 14.l1 = 14.39,95 = 559,3 cm
GCur2 =559,3.8,72.8900.10-8 = 0,434 kg
Vy tn hao dy dn ra cao p l:
PCur2 = 2,4.2,622.0,434 = 7,15 W
4. Tn hao trong thng du v cc chi tit bng kim loi khc
Tn hao ny rt kh xc nh chnh xc, theo cng thc gn ng 13-80:
Pt = 10.k.SP
l h s t l, tra bng 13.18 vi cng sut my 250 kVA, ta c k=0,012
Pt = 10.0,012.250 = 30 W

15

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

5. Tng tn hao ngn mch ton phn
Pn = kf1.PCu1 + kf2.PCu2 + PCur1 + PCur2 + Pt
Thay s vo ta c
Pn = 1,033.1096 +1,0048.3048 +52,44 +7,15+30
= 4284,39 W
So snh vi s liu u bi cho Pn = 4100, sai s
Pn - Pn
4284,39 - 4100
% =
.100% =
.100% = 4,5% < 5%, nh vy coi
Pn
4100
nh cng sut tn hao ngn mch ca my l t yu cu.

B. in p ngn mch
1. Thnh phn tc dng
Theo cng thc 13-81
'
Pn
unr =
10.S P

Pn Tn hao trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng ca dy qun cao p ch

lm vic nh mc.
Pn = Pn 0,05.(Pdq2.kf2)
= 4284,39 0,05.(1,0048.3048) = 4131,26 W
'
Pn
4131,26
=
= 1,65%
unr =
10.S P
10.250
2. Thnh phn phn khng
7,92.f .S' P ..a R
unx =
.k R
u 2v
Trong
+ f l tn s cng nghip, f =50 Hz
+ SP Cng sut trn mi tr ca my, SP = 83,33 kVA
+ h s hnh dng ca my bin p, =1,69
a + a2
1,42 + 3,48
+ aR = a 12 + 1
= 1,2 +
3
3
= 2,83
+ kR

1
= 1-(1- e ) =
-

a 12 + a 1 + a 2 1,2 + 1,42 + 3,48

=
.l
.39,95
= 0,048

16

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

thay gi tr vo
1
kR = 1- 0,048.(1- e 0,048 ) = 0,952
-

vy gi tr ca thnh phn phn khng

7,92.50.83,33.1,69.2,83
.0,952.10 3
unx =
2
6,42
= 3,65%
3. in p ngn mch ton phn
un = u 2nr + u 2nx = 1,65 2 + 3,65 2 = 4 %
Nh vy kt qu tnh ton trng lun vi d liu ban u cho un =4%, kt
lun in p ngn mch vi cc thng s chn l tho mn yu cu bi.

III. Tnh ton lc c hc khi ngn mch

1. Dng in ngn mch xc lp, theo cng thc13-85
100
100
= 22,9.
= 572,5A
In = I m .
4
un
2. Dng ngn mch cc i tc thi
Theo cng thc 13-86
imax = 2 .kM.In

.u nr
u nx

.1,65
) = (1 + e 3,65 )

kM = (1+ e
= 1,24
imax = 2 .1,24. 572,5 =1004 A
3. Lc hng knh
Theo cng thc 13-87
FK = 0,628.( imax.w2)2..kR.10-6
= 0,627.(1004.982)2.1,69.0,952.10-6 =0,98 Mpa
4. ng sut nn
- Trong dy qun h p
FK
nrHA =
2 .s1 .w 1

0,98.10 6
=
= 27,26.10 6 Pa = 27,26 Mpa
6
2 .159,04.10 .36

17

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

Vi dy ng : 30MPacp 18Mpa, nh vy gi tr nrHA tnh c tho
mn iu kin v ng sut nn ngang trc(do lc hng knh gy nn).
- Trong dy qun cao p
FK
nrCA =
2 .s 2 .w 2
0,98.10 6
=
= 18,23 Mpa
2 .8,72.10 6 .982
Vi dy ng : 30MPacp 18Mpa, nh vy gi tr nrCA tnh c cng
tho mn iu kin v ng sut nn ngang trc(do lc hng knh gy nn).
5. Lc chiu trc
Do hai dy qun c cng chiu cao cc vng dy phn b u trn ton b
chiu cao nn Ft = 0.
C
a
Ft = FK . R
2.l
2,83
= 0,98.106.
=34731 N
2.39,95
6. ng sut do lc chiu trc gy nn
p dng cng thc 13-92 cho dy qun khng c nm chm gia cc bnh
dy, y ta ch xt ring cho dy qun h p do n phi chu lc p in ng
cc i trong dy qun, nu n tho mn th iu kin ny i vi dy cao p
cung tho mn.
Ft'
n =
D ' + D 1"
. 1
.(a 1 a 11 )
2
34731
n =
=6,52 Mpa
17 + 19,84
2
2
.
.10 .(1,42 0,5).10
2
mc cho php 1820 Mpa ncp
nh vy n tho mn iu kin v ng sut nn dc trc.

IV. Tnh ton cui cng v h thng mch t

1. Chn kt cu li thp
Ta chn kt cu li thp kiu 3 pha nm tr, c 4 mi ni nghing 4 gc, l
thp xen k, l thp l loi tn cn lnh 3405 c chiu dy 0,35 mm u im ca
loi thp k thut in ny l sut tn hao trong li thp nh, cng sut t ho

18

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

nh, t thm theo chiu cn ln nn c th lm gim tn hao st ca m.b.a..
Tr p bng bng ai thu tinh khng c tm st m. Gng p bng x p gng,
Kch thc tp l thp nh hnh v, nh trn chn tit din tr c 8 bc v tit
din gng c 5 bc, ta c bng tng hp kt qu tnh ton tr v gng nh sau:
Th t l thp
1
2
3
4
5
6

Tr
15,36x2,24
14,08x1,575
12,48x1,19
10,08x1,225
7,52x0,84
4,48x0,595

Gng
15,36x2,24
14,08x1,575
12,48x1,19
10,08x1,225
7,52x0,84
7,52x0,84

2. Tng chiu dy cc l thp ca tit din tr (hoc gng)

bT = 2.( 2,24 + 1,575 + 1,19 + 1,225 + 0,84 + 0,595 )
= 15,33 cm
3. Tng tit din cc bc trong tr
Theo cng thc 13-94
SbT = 2.aT.bT
=2.(15,36.2,24+14,08.1,575+1,19.12,48+10,08.1,225+7,52.0.84
4.48.0,595)
= 185,53 cm2
4. Tit din c ch ca tr
ST = SbT.kc
kC h s p cht, y ta ly kC = 0,98
ST = 0,98.185,53 = 181,82 cm2
5. Tit din bc thang ca gng
Theo cng thc 13-95
SG = kG.SbT
kG = 1,02
SG = 1,02.185,53 =189,24 cm2
6. Tit din c ch ca gng
SG = kC.SG

19

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

= 0,98.189,24 = 185,46 cm2
7. Chiu dy gng, ta ly chiu dy gng bng chiu dy tr, tc l bng tng
chiu dy cc l thp ca tit din tr.
bG = bT = 15,33 cm
8. Tng s l thp trong tr v gng
theo cng thc 13-96
b
n1 = T ;
T
T l chiu dy mi l thp, T = 0,35 mm thay vo biu thc trn
b
153,3
n1 = T =
= 438 l thp
T
0,35
9. Chiu cao tr st
theo cng thc 13-99
lT = l + l0 + l0
l l chiu cao dy qun, l = 39,95 cm
l0 l khong cch t gng trn
l0 l khong cch t dy qun n gng di
Ta ly l0 = l0 = 4cm
lT = 39,95 + 2.4 = 47,95 cm
10. Khong cch gia hai tm tr
theo cng thc 13-100
C = D2 + a22
D2 l ng knh ngoi cun cao p, D2=30,21 cm
a22 l khong cch gia 2 cun cao p, a22 =2,2 cm
C = 30,21+2,2 =32,41 cm
Ly trn C = 32,5 cm
11. Trng lng st gc mch t chung cho gng v tr
theo cng thc 13-101
G g = 2.kC. Fe.10-6.(aiT.aiG.biT)
= 2.0,98.7650.10-6.(15,36.15,36.2,24+14,08.14,08.1,575+
+12,48.12,48.1,19+10,08.10,08.1,225+7,52.7,52.0,84+4,48.7,52.0,595)
= 18,26 kg
12. Trng lng st trong gng
Theo cng thc 13-102
GG + GG
GG =
- GG l trng lng phn thng nm gia hai tr bin,
theo 13-102a

20

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

GG = 2.(t-1).C.SG.Fe.10-6
Fe trng lng ring ca thp, Fe =7650 kg/m3
GG = 2.(3-1).32,5.185,46.7650.10-6 = 184,44 kg
- GG l trng lng phn gng cc gc
theo cng thc 13-102b
Gg
GG = 4.
= 2.Gg
2
= 2.18,26 = 36,52 kg
vy trng lng ca gng l
GG + GG
GG =
= 184,44 + 36,52 = 220,96 kg
13. Trng lng st trong tr l
theo cng thc 13-103
GT = GT + GT
Trong
- GT l trng lng phn tr nm trong chiu cao ca s mch t
theo cng thc 13-103a
GT = t.lT.ST.Fe.10-6
= 3.47,95.181,82.7650.10-6
= 200 kg
- GT l trng lng phn tr ni vi gng
theo cng thc 13-103b
GT = t.(a1G.ST.Fe.10-6 Gg )
= 3.(15,36.181,82.7650.10-6- 18,26)
= 9,31 kg
Vy trng lng ca st trong tr l:
GT = GT + GT
= 200 + 9,31 =209,3 kg
14. Trng lng st ton b trong tr v gng
GFe = GG + GT
= 220,96 + 209,3 = 430,26 kg

V. Tnh tn hao khng ti v dng in khng ti

1. Li thp lm bng tn silc m hiu 3405, dy 0,35 mm, h s t cm trong
tr v gng l:
- H s t cm trong tr

21

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

BT =

uv
4,44.f .S T

6,42
4,44.50.181,82.10 4
= 1,59 T
- H s t cm trong gng l
uv
BT =
4,44.f .S G
6,42
=
4,44.50.185,46.10 4
=1,56 T
=

2. Theo bng V.13 vi tn 3405, dy 0,35 mm ta tra c cc sut tn hao st

tng ng
BT = 1,59 T pT = 1,135 W/kg, pkT = 0,0375 W/cm2
BG = 1,56 T pG = 1,074 W/kg, pkG = 0,0375 W/cm2
H s t cm trong rnh nghing l
B
1,59
Bkn = T =
= 1,124 T
2
2
Vi Bkn ta tra c pkn = 0,0333W/cm2
3. Cc h s xt n s gia tng tn hao trong gng v tr.
Kt cu mch t chn l mch t phng ni nghing 4 gc, tr gia ni
thng, li st khng t l, tn c sau khi ct, c kh bavia, t tra c cc
h s:
- k1 h s gia tng tn hao v cng sut t ho gng d hnh dng tit
din gng nh hng n s phn b t cm trong tr v gng, v s
bc thang ca tr v gng gn bng nhau (nG = 5, nT = 5) nn ly k1 =
1.
- k2 l h s do tho lp gng lng dy vo tr lm cht lng l thp
gim xung, vi cng sut my 250 kVA ta ly k2 = 1,01.
- k3 l h s do p tr ai, h s ny ph thuc vo cng sut my,
vi cng sut my 250 kVA ta ly k3 = 1,02.
- k4 l h s do ct dp l tn thnh tm, vi tn c k4 =1
- k5 l h s do vic x l bavia, tn c li, c kh bavia, ly k5=1
- k6 l h s xt n cc gc ni ca mch t , tra ph lc XVIII ta c
k6 = 10,45.

22

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

4. Tn hao khng ti
P0 = k4.k5.[ pT.GT + pG.(GG - 4Gg) +

pK.nK.SK ].k1.k2.k3
Thay s vo biu thc:

pT + pG '
.k 6 .G g
2

1,135 + 1,074
.10,45.18,26 +
2
4.0,0333.257,13+1.181,82.0,06375+2.185,46.0,0615]
= 655,8 W
sai lch so vi thng s cho l:
655,8 610
=
.100% = 7,52 %
610
4. Theo bng V.13 vi tn 3405, dy 0,35 mm ta tra c cc sut t ho
tng ng
BT = 1,59 T qT = 1,564 W/kg, qkT = 2,28 W/cm2
BG = 1,56 T qG = 1,447 W/kg, qkG = 2,07 W/cm2
H s t cm trong rnh nghing l
B
1,59
Bkn = T =
= 1,124 T
2
2
Vi Bkn ta tra c qkn = 0,142W/cm2

P0=1.1.[1,135.209,31+1,074.(184,44 4.18,26)+

5. Cc h s xt n s gia tng cng sut t ha trong gng v tr.

i vi kt cu li thp v cng ngh ch to mch t c l tn sau khi ct
dp ta tra c cc h s sau:
- k1 h s gia tng cng sut t ho gng do hnh dng tit din gng
nh hng n s phn b t cm trong tr v gng, v s bc thang
ca tr v gng gn bng nhau (nG = 5, nT = 5) nn ly k1 = 1.
- k2 l h s do tho lp gng lng dy vo tr lm cht lng l thp
gim xung, vi cng sut my 250 kVA ta ly k2 = 1,01.
- k3 l h s do p tr ai, h s ny ph thuc vo cng sut my,
vi cng sut my 250 kVA ta ly k3 = 1,02.
- k4 l h s do ct dp l tn thnh tm, vi tn c k4 =1,18
- k5 l h s do vic x l bavia, tn c li, c kh bavia, ly k5=1
- k6 l h s xt n cc gc ni ca mch t , tra ph lc XVIII ta
c k6 = 41,775.
6. Cng sut t ho khng ti:
Theo cng thc 13-106 ta c

23

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

Q0 = {k4.k5.[ qT.GT + qG.(GG - 4Gg) +

qT + qG "
.k 6 .G g ]
2

qK.nK.SK }.k1k2.k3
Thay s vo biu thc trn
Q0 = {1,18.1.[ 1,564.209,31 + 1,447.(184,44 4.18,26) +
1,564 + 1,447
.1,41.41,775.18,26 ]+ 4.0,142.257,13+1.2,28.181,82
2
2.2,07.185,46}.1.1,01.1,02
= 3954,54 Var
7. Thnh phn tc dng ca dng in khng ti
Theo cng thc 13-105
P0
ior% =
10.S P
655,8
= 0,262 %
=
10.250
8. Thnh phn phn khng ca dng in khng ti
Theo cng thc 13-107
Q0
iox% =
10.S P
3954,54
= 1,582 %
=
10.250
9. Tr s dng in khng ti
Io =

i 2or + i 2ox

= 0,262 2 + 1,582 2 = 1,6 % < 2%

nh vy tr s dng khng ti tho mn iu kin t ra ca bi
10. Hiu sut ca my bin p lc ti nh mc, cos = 1
theo cng thc 13-109
P0 + Pn
= (1
)
S P + P0 + Pn
655,8 + 4284,39
) = 98,06%
= ( 1
250.10 3 + 655,8 + 4284,39

24

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

VI. Tnh ton nhit:

A. Tnh ton nhit ca dy qun
1. Nhit chnh trong lng dy qun vi mt ngoi ca n
- Dy qun h p, tit din dy ch nht

Hnh v s dy qun h p
Theo cng thc 13-110 c
q.
01 =
cd
trong
+ q: Mt dng nhit trn b mt dy qun
Vi dy qun ng kp khng c rnh dn du gia, theo cng thc
13-110a
107 a 2
q = 2.
b .J .k f
kK a'
.kK l h s che kn mt ngoi ca dy qun, ly kK = 0,75
.b l chiu cao trn ca mi si chp, nh trn chn b=20mm=2
cm.
.a l chiu rng ca mi si chp, a = 4,1 mm
.a l chiu rng k c cch in ca mi si chp,
a= 4,6mm
2
. J l mt dng h p, J =2,27 A/mm

25

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

.kf l h s tn hao ph, tnh trn kf =1,033
107 4,1
q = 2.
.2,27 2 .1,033
2
0,75 4,6
= 2707,45 W/m2
+ c l h s dn nhit ca lp cch in, cch in gia cc lp l ba nn ta
ly c = 0,25 W/m.0C
+ l chiu dy cch in mt pha, = 0,25 mm =0,025 cm
thay s vo biu thc
q.
01 =
cd

2707,45.0,25.10 3
01 =
=2,71 0C
0,25
- Dy qun cao p, tit din dy trn

Hnh v s dy qun cao p

Kiu dy dn cao p l kiu hnh ng nhiu lp khng c rnh du ngang
gia, c rnh du dc i vi ng cch in, theo cng thc 13-110c
p.a 2
02 =
8. tb
Trong
+a2 l chiu dy ca dy qun cao p, a = a2 = 3, 48 cm
+p l tn hao trong mt n v th tch ca dy qun, theo cng thc 13-112
c
J 2 .d 2
.10 -8
p = 1,68
(d c + 1 )
. d, dc l ng knh trn v ng knh c bc cch in ca dy dn
trn,
d= 2,36 mm = 2,36.10-3m
dc = 2,46 mm = 2,46.10-3 m

26

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

m2.
vy:

. 1 l chiu dy tm cch in, 1 = 8 mm

. J l mt dng in ca dy qun cao p, J = 2,62 A/mm2 =2,62.106 A/

J 2 .d 2
p = 1,68
.10 -8
(d c + 1 ).d c
(2,62.10 6 ) 2 .(2,36.10 -3 ) 2
= 1,68
.10 -8
-3
3
-3
(2,46.10 + 4.10 ).2,46.10
=4,04.104 W/m3
+ tb sut dn nhit trung bnh ca dy qun khng k cch in gia cc lp.
Theo cng thc 13-113
..(d + 1 )
tb = 1
.1 + 1 .d c
.1 l sut dn nhit gia cc lp dy, 1=0,25 W/ m.0C
. l sut dn nhit bnh qun quy c ca dy qun
c
c =
0,7.
trong
d -d
= c
d
2,46 - 2,36
=
=0,042
2,36
c sut dn nhit ca cc vt liu cch in vng
dy,c
0
=0,17W/ m. C
0,17
=
= 1,73 W/m.0C
0,7. 0,042
vy gi tr tb
1,73.0,25.(2,46.10 -3 + 4.10 3 )
tb =
1,73.4.10 -3 + 0,25.2,46.10 -3
= 0,38 W/m.0C
Thay cc gi tr p, tb tnh vo biu thc 02 c
p.a 2
02 =
8. tb
4,04.10 4 .(3,48.10 -2 ) 2
=
8.0,38
27

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

= 16,1 0C
2. Nhit chnh ca ca mt ngoi dy qun i vi du
theo cng thc 13-114, vi dy qun hnh ng khng c rnh du ngang
0d = k.q 0,6
Trong
. q l mt dng nhit trn b mt dy qun
. k l h s t l, y ta ly k = 0,285
- Dy qun h p:
tnh c q1 = 2707,45 W/ m2 thay vo biu thc trn ta c
0d1 = 0,285. 2707,450,6 = 32,69 0C
- Dy dn cao p
Ta phi tnh q2 c b mt to nhit cu dy qun cao p
M2 = 1,5.t. k..(D2+D2).l2
Trong : t s tr tc dng, t=3.
k l h s k n s che khut, y ta ly k = 0,88
M2 = 1,5.3.0,88..( 22,24+ 30,21).39,95.10-4
= 2,61 m2
Mt khc theo cng thc
P .k
q= n f
M
vy
P .k
q2 = n 2 f 2
M2
P .k
M2 = n 2 f 2
q2
3048.1,0048
= 1173,42 W/m2
=
2,61
Thay q2 vo biu thc tnh 0d ta c
0d2 = 0,285. 1173,420,6 = 19,8 0C
3. Nhit chnh trung bnh ca dy qun i vi du
0dtb = 0 + d
- Vi dy qun h p
0dtb1 = 01 + 0d1
= 2,71 + 32,69 = 35,40C
- Vi dy qun cao p
0dtb2 = 02 + 0d2

28

 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

= 16,1 + 19,8 = 35,90C

B. Tnh ton nhit thng du

1. Chn loi thng du
V cng sut trn mi tr ca my bin p l 83,33 kVA nn theo bng ta
chn thng du l kiu thng c gn ng tn nhit do n c u im l h s to
nhit cao, t tn nguyn liu hn so vi thng c gn ng phng.
2. Chn cc khong cch cch in t dy dn ra n vch thng, n x p
gng trn c xc nh nh sau:
- s1 l khong cch n vch thng cho dy dn ra cao p c Uthn2 =
20kV, theo bng XIV.6 chn s1 = 20 mm = 2cm.
- s2 l khong cch n x p gng cho dy dn ra h p c Uthn1 = 5kV
ta tra bng XIV.6 chn s2 = 15 mm = 1,5 cm.
- s3 l khong cch t dy dn ra c bc cch in hay khng bc cch
in ca dy qun h p n dy cao p vi Uthn1=5kV theo bng
XIV.6 ta chn s3 = 35 mm = 2,5 cm.
- s4 l khong cch t dy dn ra ca dy qun h p n vch thng, vi
Uthn1=5kV theo bng XIV.7 ta chn s4= 25 mm = 2,5 cm.
- d1 l ng knh dy dn ra c bc cch in ca dy qun cao p, vi
Uthn2=20kV theo bng XIV.7 ta chn d2=25mm =2,5cm.
- d1 l ng knh dy dn ra c bc cch in ca dy qun h p, vi
Uthn1=5kV theo bng XIV.7 ta chn d1=10mm =1cm.
3. Chiu rng ti thiu ca thng du
Theo hnh v s lc thng du:
B = D2 + s1 + s2 + d1 + s3 + s4
= 29,2 + 2 +1,5+2,5+2,5+2+1
= 40,7 cm
Ta chn B = 45 cm =0,45 m

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 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

Khong cch ti thiu bn trong ca my bin p

Kch thc c bn ca thng du my bin p

4. Chiu di thng du
A = 2.C + B
C l khong cch gia hai tr , C = 32,5 cm
Vy A = 2.32,5 +45 = 110 cm
Ta chn li A=110 cm = 1,1 m
5. Chiu cao rut my Ht
Ht l khong cch t y thng n ht chiu cao li st, c xc nh theo
cng thc sau
Ht = lT +2.hG+n
Trong
+ lT l chiu cao ca tr, nh trn xc nh c lT = 47,95 cm
+ hG l chiu cao ca gng, n bng b rng cc i ca tm l thp trong
gng, hG = a1 = 15,36 cm
+ n l chiu dy tm lt gng di, chn n = 4cm
Thay s vo biu thc
Ht = 47,95 + 2.15,36 + 4 = 82,67 cm
Chn li Ht = 84 cm = 0,84m
6. Khong cch t gng trn n np thng Hn, tra bng 13.3 vi in p ca
dy qun cao p l 6,3 kV ta chn Hn = 30 cm
7. Chiu cao thng:
HTh = Ht + Hn
= 84 + 30 = 114 cm = 1,14 m
8. tng nhit trung bnh gia du v thng
dt = 65 - 0dtb

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 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

y ta s ly 0dtb ln nht l ca dy qun cao p, vy 0dtb=35,90C
vy
dt = 65 - 0dtb
= 65 35,9 = 29,10C
9. tng nhit gi thit mt trn ca du so vi khng kh
dt = 1,2.dt = 1,2.29,1 = 34,920C <550C
10. chnh ca vch thng so vi khng kh
dt = dt vt dt
Trong
+ vt l chnh nhit trong v ngoi vch thng, ly vt = 50C.
+ dt l chnh nhit d tr, ly dt =20C
Thay vo cng thc
dt = dt vt dt
= 29,1-5-2= 22,10C
11. Din tch tn nhit ca vch thng phng
M1 = [2.(A-B) + .B].HTh
= [2.(1,1- 0,45) + .0,45].1,14
= 3,1 m2
12. Thng du tn nhit ra ngoi khng kh thng qua cc ng tn nhit vy b
mt bc x ca thng du l:
M1 = k.M1
k l h s nh hng ca hnh dng mt thng, vi thng c ng ta ly k =
1,5
M1 = 1,5.3,1 = 4,65 m2
13. t c tng nhit dt = 22,10C th cn mt b mt tn nhit l
1,05.( Pn + P0 )
Mt =
- 1,12.M 1
2,5. "dt
1,05.(4284 + 655)
=
- 1,12.4,65
2,5.22,1
= 38 m2
14. Chn ng v tnh ton cc kch thc ca ng
Do nhc im ca kiu dy qun cao p v h p l tn nhit km, nn khc
phc iu ny bng cch chn h thng tn nhit tt, v vy ta chn thng du c
ng tn nhit v ng tn nhit l loi ng trn 51 vi hai dy ng.

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 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

Kch thc ch yu ca ng tn nhit

- b1 khong cch 2 tm ng trn v ng di ca dy 1
b1 = HTh (c+e)
+ HTh l chiu cao ca thng, nh trn tnh HTh = 1,14 m
+ c l khong cch t ng ngoi cng ti np, tra bng XIX.2 ta chn c= 8
cm
+ e l khong cch t ng ngoi cng ti y thng, tra bng XIX.2 ta chn
e= 9 cm.
Vy
b1 = 114 - 8 - 9 = 97 cm
- Chiu di dy ng ngoi:
l1 = (b1-2.R) +.R + 2.a2
Trong
+R l bn knh cong ca ng, vi ng 51 tra bng XIX.1 ta ly 15 cm.
+ a2 l khong cch ca on ng thng ca dy ng ngoi gn vo vch
thng, ta ly a2 = 15,5 cm.
Thay s vo ta c
l1 = (97-2.15) +.15 +2.15,5 = 145 cm
- Chiu di ca dy ng trong

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 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

l2 = l1 4.td
td l khong cch gia cc dy, tra bng XIX.1 td = 7,5 cm
l2 = 145 4.7,5 = 115 cm
15. Din tch tn nhit ca ng phi c
M = Mt - Mbx
= 38 4,65 = 33,35 m2
16. Din tch tn nhit ca dy ng
M
Mtd =
k hd
khd l h s xt n hnh dng ca thng, tra bng 13.12 vi thng c 2
dy ng ta nhn c gi tr khd =1,344
M
Mtd =
k hd
33,35
= 24,81 m2
=
1,344
16. Chiu di ca ng
M
L = td
m
m l b mt tn nhit ca mi mt ng, ta bng XIX.1 vi ng trn 51 m
=0,16 m2
24,81
=
= 155 cm
0,16
17. S ng cn c l
L
n =
l1 + l 2
155
= 60 ng
=
1,45 + 1,15
17. Khong cch gia cc ng trong mt dy l
2.(A - B ) + .B
c1 =
n
2

2.(1,1 - 0,45) + .0,45

= 0,09 m = 9 cm
60
2
18. Tng b mt tn nhit ca thng v ng tn
M = [2.(A-B) + .(B+2a1+2R+2td+d)].H + 0,5 Mn
+ td l bc ng trong mt dy, tra bng c, td = 75 mm

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 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

+ d l ng knh ca ng tn nhit, d = 51 mm
+a1 l khong cch ca on ng thng ca dy ng trong gn vo vch
thng, ta ly a1 = a2 td = 155-75=50 mm.
+ Mn l din tch b mt tn nhit ca np thng,
( B + ) 2
Mn = .
+ (A - B ).(B + )
4
l chnh ca np thng, ly = 5 cm
(0,45 + 0,05) 2
+ (1,1 - 0,45).(0,45 + 0,05)
= .
4
= 0, 52m2
Vy ta c
M =[2.(1,1-0,45) + .(0,45 + 2.50.10-3+2.150.10-3 + 2.75-3+51.10-3)
+ 0,5.0,72
= 4,96 m2
19. Din tch b mt i lu
Ml = M1.kth + M.k +Mn.k
+ kth l h s hnh dng nh hng n b mt tn nhit ca vch thng
phng, tra bng ktd = 1,00.
+ kh s hnh dng ca ng nh hng n b mt tn nhit ca ng, tra
bng k = 1,344.
+ k l h s tn nht ca b mt np thng, dy k =1/2 v ch co mt na
np thng tham gia bc x.
+ M l din tch tn nhit ca ng
M = n.l.m
. nl tng s ng
. l = l1+l2 = 1,6 m
. M l b mt tn nhit ca ng, m = 0,16 m2, vy M =
60.2,6.0,16=24,96 m2
Ml = 3,1.1+24,96.1,344+0,5.0,72 = 37m2
21. tng nhit ca thng du vi khng kh
1,05.( Pn + P0 ) 0,8
]
tk = [
2,8.M bx + 2,5.M l
1,05.(4284 + 655) 0,8
]
=[
2,8.4,65 + 2,5.37
= 22,55 0C
+ tng nhit ca du v v
1,05.( Pn + P0 )
td = 0,165[
] 0, 6
'
M + M 1 + 0,5.M n

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 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

= 0,165[

1,05.(4284 + 655) 0,6

]
24,96 + 3,1 + 0,5.0,72

=3,750C
+ tng nhit gia du v khng kh
dk = dt + tk
= 22,5 + 3,75 = 26,250C
+ tng nhit lp trn ca du
dk = 1,2. dk
= 1,2.26,25 = 31,5 0C < 600
+ chnh nhit ca dy qun cao p so vi khng kh
0k2 = 0d2 + dk
= 19,8+26,25 =46,050C <650C
+ chnh nhit ca dy qun h p so vi khng kh
0k1 = 0d1 + dk
= 32,96 + 26,25 = 59,210C<650C
Nh vy tt c chnh nhit ca dy qun v ca du so vi khng kh u
tho mn v bn nhit.

C. Ch tiu kinh t my:

1. Trng lng dy ng:
GCu = GCuHA + GCuCA + GCur1 + GCur2
= 88,6 + 194 + 4,24 +0,434
= 287,27 kg
2. Trng lng tn silic ca li st
GFe = GT + GG
= 209,3 + 220,96 = 430,26 kg
3. Th tch thng du
B2
+ (A - B).B].H t
VT = [.
4
0,45 2
+ (1,1 - 045).0,45].1,14
= [.
4
= 0,51 m2
4. Th tch rut my
G
Vr = r
r
+ Gr l trng lng tc dng ca rut my
Gr = 1,2.(GCu + GFe )

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 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

= 1,2.(287,27+430,26) = 861,04 kg
+ l t trng trung bnh ca rut my, vi m.b.a dy qun ng ta ly r =
5,8.103kg/m3
vy
861,04
=0,148 m3
Vr =
3
5,8.10
5. Trng lng du m.b.a
Gd = 1,05.[0,9(Vt-Vr)+Gd]
+ Gd l trng lng ca du trong ton b ng tn nhit
Gd = d.n.l
. d l trng lng du trong 1 mt chiu di ng, d=1,63 kg/m
. n l tng s ng, n = 60
. l = 2,6 m
Gd = 1,63.60.2,6 = 254,28 kg
Vy trng lng du m.b.a l
Gd = 1,05.[0,9.(0,51-0,148).103+254,28]
= 609,08 kg
6. Th tch bnh dn du
Vdg = 0,08.Vd
= 0,08.(0,51-0,148) = 0,029 m3
7. ng knh bnh dn du
4.Vgd
d=
.l gd
v thng tn nhit bng ng nn lgd < B+2.a2
chn lgd = 0,5 m
4.0,029
=0,27 m = 27 cm
d=
.0,5

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 n mn hc: thit k my bin p

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