The Secret of Pool?

or Basic Instinct...
Dozens of Top Pros Give
Up Their Aiming Secrets
By Shari J. Stauch
Photos By Francine Massey
hen I was eleven or twelve
years old, I began hitting
the balls around on the
eight foot home table in the
downstairs rec room of our home. Soon
after, my father decided to teach me some
fundamentals of the game you know,
the stuff everybody's got to get through
like stance, bridge, stroke, and yes, aim.
For practice, he'd draw up diagrams of
shots for me, indicating with a broken line
cue ball where the object ball should be hit
for each shot. It was in this manner that I
learned to aim mostly by what is commonly called the "ghost ball" theory today.
Later, when he opened the billiard club
(okay, in 1976 it was still a pool hall), I
had the benefit of hearing what many of
the great, and not so great, players
thought about how to aim. In fact, it was a
regular topic of discussion at Harold's, and
new theories were tested weekly among
the regulars; some plausible, others, well,
just plain silly.
But the most interesting thing to come
out of listening to all those theories and
watching their careful experiments was
that everyone seemed to have a slightly
different way of aiming that worked for
them. Nevertheless, they were all still
searching for that perfect method, the elusive "secret of pool" that would magically
keep them from missing, ever.

The Secret of Pool

Then one day, my father discovered it.
"This, Shari," he said, "is the secret of
pool." He carefully explained the new aiming method, simply put; to picture the
object ball on a tiny railroad track to the
pocket. I tried it, just as carefully following his instruction. It worked. I shot
116 Pool & Billiard Magazine July 1995

again. It still worked. It worked for nearly

week, then I was back to picturing the
ball-behind-the-ball. It wasn't that it
stopped working, it was just, well, too
much work! And of course, he's since discovered a dozen or more "Secrets of Pool",
so...
Today, I still find the best method of
teaching a new student is the tried and
true "ball behind the ball" or "ghost ball"
theory. Several pros agree. Others have
completely different theories. In researching this article, I went home and tried
what many of the players said they used. I
also tried what I've told you I used. I was
surprised to discover I don't use it as
much as I thought I did, and happy to
know that in most cases, instinct had
taken over creative visualization. But for
most of us, creative visualization is not
only fun, but necessary. No matter what
your skill level, it's also nice to have something to fall back on a comfort zone if
you're just not seeing the shots that day.

#11 ranked Dawn Hopkins agrees.

"The way I do it is look at object ball to
pocket, and picture the ghost ball, then
extend a line straight from the cue ball to
the object ball."
Pool & Billiard Magazine player representative and columnist Roger Griffis,
now ranked #21 on the PBT has a slight
variation to this. "I use the ghost ball and
dissect the ball into 90 degrees. Both kind
of give you a picture of where you hit the
ball, then, once you learn it you begin to
play by feel."
#24 ranked Bonnie Arnold sticks
with visualizing where the ball has to hit
the pocket. "When I'm aiming, I look at
the pocket and I visualize where the ball
has to go in the pocket. Then I look at the
spot on the object ball, and visualize the
cue ball to the object ball to the pocket."
Similarly, Steve Mizerak says, "The
way I find the target or contact point on
the object ball is to visualize an imaginary
line from the back of the pocket through

The "Ghost Ball"

and other
Creative Visions...
It turns out the way I learned as a
child is the way many pros learned, and
some still continue to subscribe to the
theory. Vicki Paski, ranked #16 by the
WPBA and author of the monthly
Annie and the Pro series right here in
P&B Mag, says, "I picture the ghost
ball; seeing a ball behind the object ball
that I want to replace with my cue ball.
This is easier for most people than finding an exact spot on a round object that
you must hit with another round
object!"

Steve Mizerak - "Pocketing balls is an instinctive

skill that is learned from trial and error."

Aiming -- Secret of the Pros? Or Just Basic Instinct...

continued from page 116
the object ball. During my warm-up
strokes, my eyes move back and forth
between the cue ball and the target point.
I use one or two low strokes, as if I'm
going to draw the ball, on all shots
because that gives me confidence in hitting the cue ball correctly because the
bottom of the cue ball is the strongest
foundation to build on. I have no special
tricks for cutting the ball or shooting a
ball down a rail."

Steve adds that,

"It's very hard to tell a
person how to aim.
Pocketing balls is an
instinctive skill that is
learned from trial and
error. It can't be mastered from playing
once a week. Instead of
hitting twenty balls to
learn a shot, I hit two
hundred balls. I
haven't found an easier
way yet!"

Loree Jon Jones - "Aiming comes naturally for me, where I've always
just know where to hit. It's very difficult for me to teach people to aim
because of this."

Basic Instincts

Tony Ellin - "...aim is basically trial and

error and instinct, using your judgment."

118 Pool & Billiard Magazine July 1995

Steve brings up a solid point that was

repeated by many professionals. Aiming
has become second nature, muscle memory has taken over. Trial and error over
hundreds of thousands of shots made and
missed by top pros over dozens of years of
competition heck, who needs to visualize anymore? According to #16 ranked
Kelly Oyama, "There is no set way for
me. I just look at the pocket and look at
the ball and assume I then know where to

hit it. But I'd like to read the article

maybe there's a better way!"
Then again, maybe not, Kelly. There
are too many top players in agreement
with you. Fellow top player and P&B Mag
women's editor Loree Jon Jones claims
that, " Aiming comes naturally for me,
where I've always just known where to
hit. It's very difficult for me to teach people to aim because of this!"
Mike Massey is a trick and fancy shot
artist and an accomplished player, currently ranked #7. He explains, "I've tried a

Aiming -- Secret of the Pros? Or Just Basic Instinct...

continued from page 118

lot of systems but mostly you have to play

from feel. You have to practice all types of
feel, practice all type of hits. To start, you
can use the angle of the half ball hit a lot
because it's easy to judge. You just build
your instincts and your muscle memory
that's what I did."
#11 ranked Tony Ellin also relies on
instinct. "I would say that aim is basically
trial and error and instinct, using your
judgment. I may look at the path from the
pocket through the object ball, but I hardly do that anymore. You develop an
instinct for aiming from playing all the
time."
#21 ranked Howard Vickery offers,
"There's no real way for me to explain it
except to hit it with the right impact. Your
hand-eye coordination compensates for
the difference in the roundness of the
balls."
Howard brings up a great point here.
Whatever the original aiming method you
learned from, does the hand-eye coordination eventually begin to compensate for
failings in your method, optical illusions
or tired eyes? If so, how long does it take?
According to Earl Strickland, cur-

120 Pool & Billiard Magazine July 1995

rently ranked #4 and winner of dozens of

pro events, "I've played so much that I
don't have to think about it. But I also
spin the balls in, as I think many of the
pros do; they're using so much english all
the time. Pros spin the ball in the hole and
that's mostly from feel. If you're really
going to learn to aim, you have to know
better how to spin the ball, and what
effect that's having on the object ball.
Amateurs who don't spin the ball will
have an easier time with straight aiming."
Catching up with Mark Jarvis at the
Sands Regency, now ranked #27 by the
PBT, he says, "I aim by portions of the
ball, I don't aim at one particular spot
but then again, I'm on the loser's side! But
seriously, the portion of the ball I'm looking at depends on where I'm sending the
cue ball. For me, most of it is feel and
memory from shooting each shot many
times."

was focusing on a single spot on the object

ball that will send it sinking neatly in its
designated resting place. #4 ranked Ewa
Mataya Laurance offers the most
detailed explanation of this theory.
"Aiming is a four-step process. First, draw
a line from pocket through the center of
the ball to find the spot you want to hit.
Then make up your mind, before you get

X Marks the Spot

In contrast to a portion of the ball and
basic instinct theory is the "single spot."
This other favorite theme among the pros

Earl Strickland - "Amateurs who don't spin the

ball will have an easier time with straight aiming."

Aiming -- Secret of the Pros? Or Just Basic Instinct.

continued from page 120

down on the shot, as to whether or not you

need to apply english. Find your new
exact spot and just keep your eye on that.
Once you're down on the shot, move your
eyes back and forth between cue ball and
object ball. Everybody says look at the
object ball, but that's not enough, look at
that tiny spot. If you miss then, it could be
a problem with your mechanics, not your
aim."
#7 ranked Nikki Benish explains,
"This is how I learned, but I doubt if I use
it anymore because when you're a professional every shot you see you've seen and
shot at least a hundred times before. On
the toughest shots I was taught to try to
pick out a spot on the object ball, combined with the imaginary cue ball method.
By finding the spot, I mean like if the
object ball was a stripe ball, maybe I could
mark my aim spot as right at the edge of
the stripe and the white on the ball, or say
to myself, on this one, hit just to the left of
the number."
Allen Hopkins finds the spot, but in
the end relies on feel. "I aim at a spot on
the object ball with center cue ball. A lot of
it is feel, when you play as often as I do,

122 Pool & Billiard Magazine July 1995

you start finding that spot real easily.

Occasionally I'll aim the cue stick toward
the pocket through the ball to find that
spot."
George Breedlove, ranked #20, finds
a spot too, but not on the face of the object
ball. "I know when I'm shooting, I'm looking at the object ball when I pull the trigger, but I find my spot on the ball on the
table, looking at the base of the ball where
it touches the table, not at any actual spot
on the ball."
Tommy Kennedy, winner of the 1992
U.S. Open 9-Ball Championships and currently ranked #17, has another variation.
"I look at the object ball straight ahead,
and then look little by little to the right or
left of the ball. I keep going until I see the
spot where it's going to hit the bigger part
of the pocket."
#14 ranked Michelle Adams opts for
moving her body rather than her eyes.
She explains, "I stand behind where the
cue ball and object ball are in a straight
line, and then I move to where I know I
have to hit it. Somebody explained this to
me once, and I thought it wasn't very
smart, but it works!"

Combining the theories mentioned so

far is #1 ranked Jim Rempe. According
to Jim, "First of all you have to aim differently with different cues, because some
cues deflect more than others. A cue also
deflects more or less depending on how
hard you hit the ball.
I play with a Meucci, that doesn't

Nikki Benish - "...when you're a professional,

every shot you see, you've seen and shot at
least a hundred times before."

Aiming -- Secret of the Pros? Or Just Basic Instinct.

continued from page 122
can play a part in the spot finding aiming
process. "I pick out the point on the object
ball in line where the pocket must be
struck. Depending on the angle, you can
tell which part of the cue ball must hit the
object ball. But any time english is
applied, a slight adjustment for deflection
must be made. Depending on the amount
of english applied, you will be aiming with
a different part of the cue ball to hit the
object ball."

change the point of aim. With outside english, you aim a sixteenth of an inch fuller
on the object ball than you normally
would. But, all bets are off when using a
soft stroke, because of deflection, etc."
Efren Reyes, ranked #5 and winner of
last month's Sands Regency title, further
explains. "When you put a lot of english on
the cue ball you adjust a little bit, often
aiming exactly at the contact point of an
object ball. So it very much depends on my
next shot how I will aim."

Aiming with Whitey

Efren Reyes -- "When you put a lot of english
on the cue ball, you adjust a little bit... it very
much depends on my next shot how I will aim."

deflect, so I aim directly at the contact

point. I also use the ghost ball theory, but
it's more repetitious in your mind when
you play a lot. In other words, I don't really visualize the ball anymore, it's automatic."
Belinda Bearden, currently ranked
#8 by the WPBA, agrees that deflection

124 Pool & Billiard Magazine July 1995

Belinda touches briefly on the part of

the cue ball that hits the object ball, which
brings us to yet another theory, aiming
with the cue ball.
#12 ranked Nesli O'Hare explains
what she was taught. "The technique I use
was taught to me by Efren Reyes.
According to Efren, there are three kinds
of hits on any object ball. First, there's
looking at the center of cue ball to the
point of aim if the shot is a full ball hit. If
not, you can divide the object ball into four
quarters, sighting your cue ball edge to the
point of aim. When using inside english
with a medium-to-hard stroke, you don't

Reed Pierce - "I just pick the spot in the center

of the object ball and aim towards that."

Aiming -- Secret of the Pros? Or Just Basic Instinct...

continued from page 124

Sammy Jones, pro player and husband/coach of Loree Jon Jones, agrees. "It
depends on the shot itself. When aiming
at a straight-in shot, you're aiming both
balls directly in the center. If aiming at a
thin cut shot, you imagine the edge of the
cue ball hitting the edge of the object ball."
Offering a more detailed explanation is
new P&B Mag instructional guru Ray
Martin, a BCA Hall of Fame player with
three world titles to his credit. According
to Ray, "I use parts of the cue ball. In
other words, if you were to have a
straight-in shot, you're aiming with the
middle of the cue ball to the middle of the
object ball. Now let's say the object ball
stays in the same place and you move the
cue ball six inches to the left. Now you're
aiming with only a part of the cue ball. If
you've got a real thin cut, now you're aiming with the edge of the cue ball. I'm not
going to stress 1/2 ball, 1/4 ball here,
because that's way too broad the difference could be two degrees or a sixteenth of
an inch! The important thing to remember
is the spot on the object ball never
changes. It is a constant."

126 Pool & Billiard Magazine July 1995

On

Cue

Moving backwards from the object ball

and cue ball, we have our group of players
that aim with the cue stick itself, but with
a great deal of diversity in their methods.
The PBT's #7 ranked Reed Pierce says,
"I take the cue stick and try to line it up in
line. I just pick the spot in the center of
the object ball, and aim towards that.
Even if you need to cut a ball real thin,
you just still need a square hit, so you aim
for the contact point with your cue."
The WPBA's #2 ranked Robin Bell
adds to this. "When I line up on the cue
ball to the object ball, I first visualize the
actual location on the object ball where I
need to hit it. Then I put my cue down
towards that spot. When I'm down shooting I'm sending the cue straight through
the cue ball to that spot on the object ball.
Picturing it that way allows me to always
follow through."
Fellow WPBA pro Mary Guarino
offers a new slant. "I aim with the shaft of
my cue stick. If you're hitting a straight-in
shot, obviously, your cue is in the center. I
imagine the cue ball is in quarters. In

example for 15 degree cuts, you split the

quarter. For a thirty degree cut I split the
edge with my shaft and 45 degree cuts I
use the edges of my shaft."
If you can do that, then you'll have no
problem with #14 ranked Nick Varner's
words of wisdom. Nick explains, "What I
do is use parallel lines. The first line I see

Jim Rempe - "...you have to aim differently

with different cues, because some cues deflect
more than others."

Aiming -- Secret of the Pros? Or Just Basic Instinct..

continued from page 126
is a line from the edge of the cue ball
toward the contact point on the object
ball. I keep my shaft on a parallel line to
that and if you're cutting ball to left that
line, it will be on the right. But if you're
using left english, it will be the same line,
and with center or right english, it will be
parallel. Once I shoot, my eyes are actually focused on the contact point on the
object ball."

Yet Another Angle

Aiming with angles, that is. Loree Jon,
who earlier explained that she most
always just sees the shot, also admitted
that she occasionally checked out the
angle on her shots. "Sometimes I look at
the angle between the cue ball, object ball
and pocket, and stroke through to that
spot, looking at the object ball last."
And Jeff Carter, ranked #21, says he
also looks at angles. "Every shot angles to
the right or left, right? I look at those
angles to aim.. If the shot is straight in of
course it's a straight line, but most shots
will have an angle."

128 Pool & Billiard Magazine July 1995

Look Away...
Jeff Carter continued his explanation
by explaining which ball he looks at last,
which brought up a whole other topic of
discussion, one that most pros had a definite opinion on. According to Carter,
"What you look at first or last, the cue ball
or object ball, varies from shot to shot. On
a long shot, of course I'm going to watch
the cue ball go up to the object ball. Let
your eyes do what they want to do naturally, but keep your head down, that's
what's most important."
Michelle Adams leans towards the
more popular theory of looking at the
object ball last, "except on the break shot,
or a masse or jump shot, when you need to
pay more attention to where your cue tip
will contact the cue ball."
Sammy Jones opts for honesty. "I wish
I knew! I'd lean towards looking at the
object ball last, but I have never figured
that out. What's interesting to note is that
when the top pros line up, Buddy Hall is a
good example, the cue tip is the distance of
a razor blade's width from the cue ball."
Loree Jon then explains that this only

proves the object ball-last theory. "It's like

that trick shot where you line up, take the
cue out of your bridge hand, slide it back
in, look away and shoot. Once you're lined
up, you don't need to see that cue ball, a
top player is going to know they're there."
Summing up the more commonly
heard theory is Allen Hopkins who says, "I
look first at the cue ball, then object ball,
then back and forth from cue ball to object
ball, always looking at the object ball last."

The Final Secret

There you have it, the secrets of aiming
from dozens of the top players who do it
best. But then again, is the secret really
out? #2 ranked C.J. Wiley offers that you
must aim before you get down on the ball
by lining up correctly, of course, but adds
that as far as his aiming method itself,
"There are certain things you don't tell.
Last time I wrote anything about aiming,
somebody copied it and started selling it."
I considered Chinese water torture, but
I don't think he would've cracked.
I guess the secret may still be out
there... somewhere.