JURNAL ILMU KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN Nomor 3 Volume 14 September 2004 ISSN: 0853-4489 UY ‘Abdul Samad Genisa & Wijopriono) 113 - 120 Fisheries resources of Mamberamo estuary: species, densities, and spatial distributions Andi Niartiningsih, Erni Indrawati, Hadijah M. & Syahruni 121-126 Pengaruh waktu pemberian zooxanthella terhadap sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva kima sisik Tridacna squamosa M. Abduh Ibnu Hajar 127 - 132 © Perbandingan hasil tangkapan purse seine dengan alat bantu lampu neon dalam air dan kombinasi rumpon daun lontar-lampu neon dalam air di perairan Jeneponto Najamuddin & Budimawan 133 - 140 Pendugaan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan layang Decapterus russelli dalam menunjang perikanan yang bertanggung jawab di ‘ perairan Selat Makassar j Samuel Lante & Haryanti 141-148 Pengaruh ablasi tangkai mata terhadap keragaan spermatozoa udang putih Penacus indicus yang dipelihara di tambak Sudirman, M. S. Baskoro, A. Purbayanto, D. R. Monintja, W. Rismawan & T. Arimoto 149 - 157 Respon retina mata ikan teri Stolephorus insularis terhadap cahaya dalam proses penangkapan pada bagan rambo Suwarni, Joeharnani Tresnati & Masriwati 158 - 164 Hubungan panjang-bobot, faktor kondisi dan kebiasaan makanan ikan biji nangka Parupeneus hepthacanthus di sekitar perairan Pulau Kodingareng, Makassar Syameu Alam Ali, M. Natsir Nessa, M. Iqbal Djawad & Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar 165 - 172 Musim dan kelimpahan ikan terbang (Exocoetidae) di sekitar Kabupaten Takalar (Laut Flores) Sulawesi Selatan UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSARD torani Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin (Surat Keputusan Akreditasi No, 22/DIKTI/Kep/2002 Tgl. 08 Me’ 2002) PENANGGUNG JAWAB CZ Rektor Universitas Hasanuddin PEMBINA Ketua : ‘Prof. Dr. Ir. H. M. Natsir Nessa, MS. Wakil: ‘Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Achmar Mallawa, DEA. DEWAN PENYUNTING/REVIEWER Dr. Ir. Adi Hanafi, MSc. (Marikultur) Dr. Dadang Achmad, MSc. (Oseanografi Fisika) | Dr. Ir. Dody D. Trijuno,M. App.Sc. _(Fisiologi Hewan Air) “~ Ir. Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar, MSc. _(Ikhtiologi) Dr. Ir. Joeharnani Tresnati, DEA. _(Biologi Perikanan) Dr. Ir. H.Budimawan, DEA. _(Biologi Reproduksi) Dr. Ir.H.Sudirman, MSi. _ (Dinamika Populasi) Dr. Ir. Haryati, Si. (Nutrisi & Pakan) REDAKSI PELAKSANA Ketua Prof. Dr. Ir. Ambo Tuwo, DEA. Wakil ‘Ir, Aidah A. A. Husain, MSc. Anggota. : Asriani Ahmad Syamsuddin ALAMAT REDAKSI & PENERBIT Fakultas limu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin Kampus Tamalanrea, JL Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245 Telp: (0411) 586 025; Fax: (0411) 586 025 e-mail: jikuh@indosat.net.id; ambotuwo@indosat.net.idTorani, Vol, 14(3) September 2004: 113-120, ISSN: 0853-4489 FISHERIES RESOURCES OF MAMBERAMO ESTUARY: SPECIES, ‘DENSITIES, AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS ‘Abdul Samad Genisa’ & Wijopriono* Oceanography Research Center ~LIPI, Jakarta Balai Riset Perikanan Laut, Jakarta ABSTRACT Despite of advantages in using acoustical method for fish survey, the limitation of this apparatus i its inability to identify fish species. Survey on fisheries resources was conducted at Mamberamo estuary in May 1999, focused to estimate densities and spatial distribution of fish and to identify fish species occurrence, Data was collected through acoustic survey and tawi fishing. “The acoustic survey was made along 4 transect lines parallel tothe shore covering the area of about 112 squares-miles, and the fishing operations were performed at 10 stations distributed within the area. Results showed that there were 72 fish species representing 27 families inhabiting the area, excluding shrimps, lobsters, erabs, cuttlefish, and sea cucumbers. Fish density of the area within 6-10 miles of westem part was greater than the area along 3-6 miles from the shore, Furthermore, density was higher in the area along 3-6 miles of western part. Most of fish schools were found around the slope area, especialy in the easter part. Key words: fisheries resources, density, spatial distributions, Mamberamo estuary INTRODUCTION Management of fisheries usually requires information on the abundance and distribution of stocks under exploitation. In many cases, this information is divided from analysis of fishery catch records, This approach is cost effective in that the fishery itself conducts the primary sampling effort. However, many fishery catch records, in managing artisanal fisheries is further complicated by several factors, suchas diverse landing locations, diverse sustenance fishing effort. great vanety of fishing vessels and gear types, and complex species assemblages. ‘These problem. have led to increase the using of hydro acoustic assessment techniques (Thome, 19832; 1983b). The capability of sonar to readily penetrate water and detect the presence or absence of fish has allowed the development of quantitative assessment techniques with high sampling power (Thorne, 1979). Fishermen to locate fish schools have first used hydro acoustic techniques, Then soon technical improvements as well as data processing have allowed the consideration of using the method for distribution and abundance estimates. ‘There are some advantages in using the acoustical method for fish survey, such as real time data transfer, fast data acquisition and the covering of relative large surveyed area. However, there is also limitation of this acoustical apparatus, it cannot identify fish species directly. Therefore, in ” Contdct person: Drs. Abdul Samad Genisa, Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi - LIPI, Jakarta ‘JL Pasir Push 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara Phone: (021) 6471 3848; Fax: (021) 6471 1948, SS Jurnal Tima Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin 113ISSN: 0853-4489 Torani, Vol. 14(3) September 2004: 113-120 conducting such acoustical survey, the identification of fish species and its size is done through fishing operation. Acoustics survey was carried out in the area off the Mamberamo estuary in May 1999 under the Indo-Tropics program. In addition to factors of shallow waters and mixed species, this water environment is characterized by strong tidal current and influenced by fresh water coming from the Mamberamo River. This survey was an initial study for assessing the fishery resources stocks. The objectives were to obtain spatial distribution of fish, species identification, and assessment of fish densities. METHOD Survey Area ‘The survey was in the seaward aree of Mamberamo estuary (Papua Province), extending from 138°48'50” - 01°18'00" and 137°47"20" -01°29'40", covering the area of about 112 square-miles. The area consists of steep sloping bottoms after the shallow waters 8 miles from the coastline, The depth in the vicinity of the upper slope is mostly 25 m and is sharply sloping down to the depth of more than 1,000 m, The area studied is exposed to open waters, i.e, the Pacific Ocean, and is influenced by water flowing from the Mamberamo River. Acoustic Observations ‘The study was conducted using the R/V Baruna Jaya VIII (1300 GT) owned by RDCO-LIPI. ‘The acoustic data were collected by means of Simrad EK-500 split beam echo sounding system (Bodholt et ai, 1989), The transducer was hull-mounted, operating on 38 kHz (ES-38b transducer). The normal beam width between opposite-3dB levels for this transducer was 7.1 deq. The acoustic systems were calibrating split beam echo-sounder (Foote zt al, 1987). The instrument settings were as depicted in (Table 1a, Table 1b) the integrator worked with a 0.5 m back step from the point where bottom was detected (Sv=S5Db). Ethernet transmitted acoustic measurements obtained on the Simrad EK-500 to an EP-500 post processing for further analysis and storage of data. Table la. Setting of acoustic instruments used during the collection ofthe data Frequency Maximum power Athw. ship offset 4 Mode Active ‘Transducer depth om Absorption coeificient | 10 Doan Palse length Medium Bandwidth Wide | 2000. w Angle sensitivity 21.9 4B 2-way beam angle 21.9 4B Sy transducer gain 26.9 6B Transducer gain 201468 3 Db beam width 72dg Along ship offset ‘A. Samad Genisa & WijeprionaISSN: 0853-4489 Torani, Vol. 14(3) September 2004: It ‘Table 1b. Setting of bottom trawl instruments. 25m Sm 15 m (25 inch) 2 inch 0.5-1.0 inch Data Acquisition ‘The acoustic data were obtained along 4 parallel transect lines (Li, L2 L3 and L4) Spreading along these transect lines, a number of 28 oceanographic stations were fixed with a distance of 3 mile respectively (Fig. 1a). Collection of data was made during the day and night times with the vessel's speed of 8 knot. The acoustic signals reflected from the target, presented as Su (integration unit) and TS (target strength), were printed out at every 1 nautical mile Identification fishing for determination fish species and its sizes were performed using bottom trawl. A number of 10 fish trawl operation were performed at the towing speed of 3-3.2 knot (Fig. 1b). Design and constructions of the bottom trawl is presented in Fig. 2 (@) ©) Figure 1. (a) Track lines of the acoustic survey in Mamberamo waters, Irian Jaya, May 1999; (b) Distribution of trawl stations in the Mamberamo waters, Irian Jaya, May 1999. Data Processing ‘The EK-500 performs integration with independently set depth layers, Basically, the integrator performs integration in the vertical direction within the layers and averaging in the horizontal direction along the path traveled by the vessel. The integration process is based on the ‘quantity 10 log (Sv) and is defined by the equation as follows Johannesson and Losse, 1977): go! _ | Go! ae 9: = noon 0) 'd=neal 2) Fisheries resources of Mamberamo estuary. species, densities, & spatial distributions 15Torani, Vol. 44(3) September 2004: 113-120 ISSN: 0853-4489 Distribution of fish density along the transects L1 to L4 is presented in Table 2 It can be seen that the highest density was obtained in L3 transect, ranging from 39.6 to 481.1 with the average of 280.3, while the lowest was in L1 transect. The density here ranged between 6.5 and 20.1 with the average of 122. The average fish densities along L2 and LA transects were 102.1 and 242.7 respectively. Table 2, The distribution and densities of fish obtained during the acoustic observation, May 1999. 297 251 267 Westen Pat | 27 a0 | 16 | 289 151 239 ng | 176 6 39 | 17 | 1867 | 162 2565 0.0 1342 | 3 00 | 18 | 2043 | 0.0 1957 | | 21.0 92.7 mw | 32 | 19 | 206 | 10 | asa] 5 | 3349 Eaearet 108 207 444.0 340.8 00 226 481.1 00 B oo | 2 | 210 | 9 | 378] 6 00 180 | 20 406.7 | 00 64 | 203 360.0 | 3201 nm | i94 | 2 00 gran 7) asa ‘Average | Bl (ie f 280.3 [22.7 By splitting into two areas, western and eastern parts of the area studied, different feature ‘on the densities and distribution is shown in Table 2 and Fig. 4. They range was from 111.4 to 360.8 for the former area and 280.3 to 481.1 for the later. The average densities were 236.0 and 383.0 respectively. The positions of four oceanographic stations (St. 25, St 18, St 11, St 4) area along the marine canyon formed by the Mamberamo River. ‘The average fish density of western part of the area along L1 to L2 transects was higher than the eastern part. In the area within 3 to 6 miles up from the shore, the fish density of western area varies between 8.1 to 256.5, with the average of 40.0. The distribution of fish density of the area within 6 to 10 miles up from the shore, depth 100 to more than 1000 m, showed the opposite feature, The densities area in the eastern part was higher than the western part. In general, itcan be said that fish densities of the area within 6 to 10 miles tend to be higher than that of the area within 3 to 6 miles from the shore. Likewise, itis higher in the area within 3 to 6 miles of the western part of the area than the eastern part. Figure 4 shows the spatial distribution of fish density in the area studied. It is noted that there is no fish trace found in the area nearest to the mouth of the river. Most of the fish schools area distributed around the slopping bottom, ‘especially in the eastern part, namely in the continental slope zone. Fisheries resources of Mamberamo estuary: species, densities, & spatial distributions 17ISSN: 0853-4489 Figure 4. Distribution of fish density in the Mamberamo waters, Irian Jaya, May 1999. Fish Species ‘The fish species caught during 10 times fishing operation is depicted in Appendix 1. There are at least 68 fish species representing 27 families present in the Mamberamo estuary, beside shrimps, lobster, crabs, cuttlefish and sea cucumbers. Although Pomadasydae dominates the total catch (57.13 %), the greatest number of species in the area belongs to the family Carangidae, Table 3 shows the number of fish species caught according to trawl stations. The highest variation of the fish species was obtained at Station 2, while the lowest was Station 7. This is happen because an incline that fishes more grouping at Station 2 which is further from the beach than Station 7, Table3. The number of fish species according tothe fishing station. CONCLUSION Fish densities on the area within 6 to 10 miles from the shore tend to be higher than that of the area within 3 to 6 miles. Most of fish schools were distributed over the continental slope zone bottom, especially in the eastern part. There are at least 68 fish species representing 27 families occur in the area adjacent to the Mamberamo estuary of which the greatest number of the species belongs to the family Carangidae. 118 ‘A. Samad Genisa & WijeprionoTorani, Vol. 14(3) September 2004: 113-120 ISSN: 0853-4489 REFERENCES : Bodholt, H, H. Nes &H. Soll, 1989. A New Echo-Sounder System. Proe. IOA, 11(3): 123-130, Foote, K. G., H. P. Knudsen, G. Vestnes, D. N. McLennan & E. J. ‘Simmonds. 1987. Calibration of ‘Acoustic Instruments for Fish Density Estimation: a Practical Guide. Int Con. Expl. Sea ‘Cooperative Res. Rep. (144). 6%. Johannesson, K. A. & G. F. Lose. 1977. Methodology of acoustic estimating of fish abundance in some "UNDB/FAO resources survey projects. Rapp. Cons. Int. Expl. Mer-, 170: 196-318, Petit, D. & P. Cotel. 1977. Weight compression of the inns movies acoustic densities and the threshold effect ‘on biomass eatimation. In: Proceeding of Acoustics (Eds: D. Pett P. Cotel & D. Nugroho). CRIFI- EU-ORSTOM, France. Pp. 121-131. ‘Thome, RE. 1979, The application of hydro-acoustics to tropical small-scale fishery stock assessment. /n: ‘Workshop on Tropical Small-scale Fishery Stock Assessment (Eds.: P. Roedel & S. Saila) ICMRD, Univ. Rhode Island, USA. 369p. Thome, RE, 19832. Assessment of population abundance by echo-integration. Biol. Ocean. Ju, 2: 253- 262. Thome, RE. 1983b, Hydro-acoustic. {n: Fisheries Techniques (Eds.: L. Nielson & D. Johnson). American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. 481p. APPENDICES “Appendix 1. Fish species caught in the Mamberamo estuary during May 1999. SS Tota Oks “Arius argyropleuron 2. Carcarhinidae Carcarhinus limbatus 227 037 3. Dasyatidae Dasyaris kui 270 068 Himantura warnak 30.80 175 4. Carmgidae Carangoides diversa 0.03, 001 Carangotdes ferdaw 023 0,06 CCarangoides malabaricus 0.16 0,04 Caranz (Alepes) dieddaba 021 0,05 Carans (Alepes) kala 0,02 0,01 Caranx para 137 034 Caran sansin 0.20 0.05 Chorinemus tala 155 039 Chorinemus Iysan 040 0,10 5. Clupeidae Anodontostoma chacunda 334 084 (Clupea melarura os 0,01 Misha melastoma 1,43 036 Setipinna papuensis 065 0.16 6. Cynoglossidae Cymogiossus bilinearas 0.17 0,04 Cynoglossus qmoglossus 038 0,10 Cymoglossus lingua 018 0,05 7. Drepanidae Drepane longimana 292 073 Drepane punciata 184 0.46 8. Dussumieridae Dussumieria acuta 22,39 5,64 Dussumieria elopsida 0,16 0,04 ‘Dussumieria hassel 0,03 0,01 9. Engraulidae Stolephorus indicus 030 0,08 Thryssa setirostris, 415 1,04 10, Hemiscylidae Hemiscyium ocellanus 02s 0,06 1,_Lactaridae Lactarius lactarius 18,00 4,53ISSN: 0853-4489 Appendix 1. Fish species caught in the Mamberamo estuary during May 1999. (continued... Now Family Species Total (gy Oe 12, Lagocephalidae Gasirophysus lunarts 0,08 0,02 Lagocephalus sp 0,08 0,02 13, Leiognahidae Letognathus bindus 029 oo7 Leiognathus equalus 040 0,10 Leiognathus lineolatus 020 0,05 Leiognathus splendens 0,32 013, Leiognathus sp o.0s 0.01 Other leiognathid 8,80 221 Secutor ruconius 232 0,63 14. Lutjanidae Lujan johat 15,90 4,00 Lusjanus 3p 12 028 15, Menidae ‘Mene maculate 07 0,04 16. Mullidae Parupeneus vittarus 0,16 0,04 Upeneus sulphureus 127 032 ‘Upeneus taenioptera 023 0,06 Other mulid 0.40 0,10 17, Nemipteridse Gymnocranius griseus 0,16 0,04 18. Polynemidae Eleutheronema tetradactylum 035 0,09 Polydactylus heptadacrylun 0,03 0,08 Polydactylus sextarius 0,02 0.01 Polymemus microstoma 0330 0,09 Polynemus sealet 010 0,03 ther polynemid 0,70 0,18 19, Pomadasydae Pomadasys argyreus 199,75 50,27 Pomadasys hasta 030 0,08 Pomadasys kaakan 2124 6.86 20, Psettodidae Psettoides erumei 029 0.07 21, Seiaenidae “Argyrosomus spp 24387 6.26 Dendrophysa russili 0,03 9,01 Johatus belangert 020 os Johnius dussumiert 0,08 0,02 ‘Nibea soldado 0,02 0,01 Otolithes argenteus 020 0,05 22, Serranidae Epinephelus coioides 02 011 Epinephelus spp 298 07s 23. Sphyraenidae ‘Sphyraena barracuda 039 02 ‘Sphyraena jello 0.07 0.02 24, Synodontidae Saurida micropectoralis 2,80 0,70 25. ‘Theraponidae Therapon jarbua 0,03 001 Therapon theraps 01 013 26, Trichiuridae Lepruracanthus savala 282 on Trichiurus haumela 1,08 052 27, Tetraodontidae Arothron reticularis 0,08 002 ‘A. Shrimps Penaeus merguensis 2,80 0,70 Penaeus moncxion 0.46 0.12 Penaeusspp 3,75 0:94 B, Lobsters Paniluras sp 0,96 024 Squilla spp 0,12 0,03 C. CrabsPortunid 0,16 021 D. Cutlefish o.8s 021 E,_ Sea Cucumber 070 0,06 TOTAL 3st 100,00 ener nena enna nee een NOAA 120 ‘A. Samad Genisa & Whjepriono