Cc iu khon trong hp ng mua bn quc t

Apr 15, 2011 - 4 comments - Categories: Kin Thc Xut Nhp Khu - Tags: hp ng, hp
ng mua bn quc t, mua bn quc t, iu khon.

iu 1: Tn hng ( Article 1: Commodity)

iu 2: S lng/ Khi lng ( Article 2: Quantity/ weight)
iu 3: Cht lng/ Phm cht hng ho.( Article 3: Quality/ Specification)
iu 4: Gi c ( Article 4: Price).
iu 5 : Giao hng (Article 5 Shipment/ Delivery)
iu 6: Thanh ton Ar (ticle 6: Settlement/payment)
iu 7: Chng t giao hng (necessary documents/document requirement/negotiation
documents)
iu 8: Bao b v k m hiu (Article 8 Packing and marking)
iu 9 Pht v bi thng thit hi (Article 9 Penalty)
iu 10 Bo him (Article 10 Insurance)
iu 11 Khiu ni (Article 11 Claim):
iu 12 Trng ti (Article 12 Arbitration)

iu 13 Bt kh khng (Article 13 Force Majeures)

iu 14 Kim tra (Article 14 Inspection)
iu 15 iu khon chung/iu khon khc (Article 15 Other Claus/Generalities)
iu 16 Bo m/Bo hnh/Bo tr ( Article 16 Guarantee)
iu 17 o to (Article 16 Tranning)
iu 18 Lp t Chy th Nghim thu (Article 18 Installation Test run
Commissioning)
iu 19 Bo mt (Article 19 Confidentiality)
iu 20 Vi phm bn quyn (Article 20 Patent right)
iu 21 Chm dt hp ng (Article 21 Termination of the contract )
Cc iu khon ch yu.

iu 1: Tn hng ( Article 1: Commodity)

Tn hng l i tng mua bn ca hp ng, c tc dng hng dn cc bn da vo xc
nh cc mt hng cn mua bn trao i. V vy y l iu khon quan trng khng th thiu
gip cho cc bn trnh c nhng hiu lm c th dn n tranh chp sau ny, ng thi d
dng phn bit nhng sn phm khc cng loi. Trong nhiu hp ng xut nhp khu do pha
Vit nam lp iu khon ny thng ghi rt s si, n gin hoc vit ting nc ngoi c sai st
khin cho i tc c nhng cch hiu khc nhau v hng ho, l nhng nguyn nhn ca
nhiu v tranh chp hp ng Vit nam.
Trong hp ng ngoi thng iu khon tn hng thng c ghi nh sau:
- Tn hng km theo tn thng mi.
Cooking oil Sailing Boat ( do tp on Lamsoon sn xut)
Cooking oil Marvela ( do tp on Golden Hope sn xut)
Cooking oil Neptune (do Kouk sn xut)
- Tn hng km tn khoa hc
Urea fertilizer m u r
Weave Fabrric ( vi dt thoi)
Knitting fabrric (Vi dt kim)

- Tn hng km theo cng dng ca n

Rice paste ( base element for preparation of spring roll) Bnh a nem
- Ghi tn hng km theo m t tng hp
Honda super cub custom C70 CMR IC
Colour: Candy rasberry red
- Tn hng km theo cht lng hng ho.
Skinless whole dried squid.(Mc lt da)
Frozen polypus (octopus). Bch tuc ng lnh.
- Tn hng km theo tiu chun k thut nh trc
Tiger Brand Home appliances made in Japan( 220v- 50hz)( gia dng hiu Tiger ch to ti
Nht bn ngun in s dng l 220v 50 hz.

iu 2: S lng/ Khi lng ( Article 2:

Quantity/ weight)
y l mt iu khon khng th thiu, do vy trong hp ng cn phi th hin r s lng
hng ho c mua bn. Nhng v trn th trng th gii ngi ta s dng cc h o lng rt
khc nhau cho nn trong hp ng cn thng nht v n v tnh s lng, cch ghi s lng/
khi lng.
Tu theo tng thng v v i tng ca hp ng m chn cch ghi khi lng/ trng lng
cho ph hp. Tron bun bn quc t ngi ta thng s dng 2 cch ghi khi lng / trng
lng.
-Cch 1: ghi phng chng, tc l ghi c dung sai v km theo chi tit cho bit dung sai c
ngi mua chn hay ngi bn chn ( at the sellers option hay l at the buyers option )
V d: Trong hp ng xut khu 10.000 tn go c dung sai l 5% do ngi bn chn th c th
chn mt trong cc cch sau:
About 10,000MT ~ 5% at the sellers option
Hoc 10,000MT approximately 5% at the sellers option
Hoc 10,000 MT more or less 5% at the sellers option
Hoc from 9500 MT to 10500 MT at the sellers option

Trng hp ch ghi About 10,000 MT m khng ghi r dung sai th p dng theo tp qun hin
hnh i vi cc loi hng ho:
V d: 0,5% i vi ng cc
0,3% i vi c ph
10% vi hng ho l g xut khu.
-Cch th 2: ghi chnh xc. cch ny p dng i vi nhng mt hng c s dng h thng o
lng dn gian tnh ton nh con, ci , chic i, thng, kin, bao.v.v.
V d: Khi mua du th v mt s ch phm t du, nu n v tnh l thng th ghi:
15.000 Barrels only
Hoc 525.000 UK Galons only
Hng xut khu ca Vit nam phn ln l hng nng sn , nguyn liu th, vi khi lng tng
i ln, nh vy s c hao ht trong qu trnh vn chuyn, lu kho. Nhng trn hp ng hay
qun quy nh mc dung sai cn thit do vy nhiu khi xy tranh chp trong qu trnh thc hin .
V d: Mt cng ty xut khu lng thc Si gn bn go cho mt cng ty IRAN. Trn hp
ng khng quy nh dung sai, nhng tron L/C thanh ton ngn hng li quy nh dung sai ca
khi lng hng ho. Kt qu l chi tit trn cc chng t thanh ton v L/C khng ph hp vi
nhau cho nn ngn hng m L/C t chi thanh ton. Ngi bn Vit nam phi thng lng
li vi ngi mua IRAN v phi gim gi bn dc thanh ton.

iu 3: Cht lng/ Phm cht hng ho.

( Article 3: Quality/ Specification)
iu khon ny cho bit chi tit v cht lng hng ho ; ni mt cch khc iu khon ny m
t v quy cch, kch thc, cng sut v cc thng s k thut .v.v.v ca hng ho c mua bn.
M t chi tit v ng cht lng hng ho l c s xc nh chnh xc gi c ca n, ng th
buc ngi bn phi giao hng theo yu cu ca hp ng. Nu m t khng k, thiu chi tit c
th s dn n thit thi cho mt trong hai bn.
Chng hn: Mt doanh nghip Vit nam nhp khu xe gn my ch vit l xe Honda C70 bn
hng giao xe ca Malaysia vi quy cch v phm cht khng ph hp vi s thch tiu dng
ca ngi Vit nam, v vy vic tiu th l hng v cng kh khn, nh hng rt ln n li

nhun v thi gian thu hi vn.

Hay mt v d khc: Mt cng ty Si gn k hp ng mua 30,000 m vi ca Hongkong vi
iu kin tr chm trong vng 3 thng. Bn Vit nam hy vng c hng nhp khu kinh doanh
trong ni a lun chuyn vn nhanh. Nhng pha Hong kong gi sang loi vi khng ph hp
vi th hiu ngi tiu dng Vit nam cht lng km, dy ca vi, mn, k thut in hoa
trn vi cng v cng km .v.v. hng khng bn c phi lu kho v cng khng c chng c
g khiu ni ngi bn bi v trn hp ng khng quy nh r quy cch phm cht, chng
loi hng. Sau 3 thng khch hng i tin, nh nhp khu Vit nam phi i vay tin thanh
ton.
Thng thng trong bun bn quc t ngi ta thng chn mt trong nhng cch sau y
th hin cht lng ca hng ho trong hp ng ngoi thong.
- Cht lng c giao nh mu: Tron hp ng s dng cm t as the sample hoc as agreed
samples
Phng php ny c dng khi mua bn nhng hng ho m phm cht, cht lng ca n kh
m t thnh li, thm ch qua hnh nh cng kh xc nh cht lng ca n; chng hn nh sn
phm thi trang, trang sc bng vng-bc c nhng ng nt trang tr cu k, m ngh
khm x c hoc nhng nt trm tr tinh vi hoc mt s loi qun o may sn, hoc mt s thit
b phc tp.
Khi s dng phng php ny phi c 3 b mu: mt b ngi bn gi, mt b ngi mua gi
v mt b do ngi trung gian gi. Mi mu phi t c nhng tiu chun sau:
+ Mu phi l vt c trng cho hng ho v khng c thay i theo thi gian.
+ Mu c coi nh mt ph kin ca hp ng, khng c tch ri hp ng, do mu
khng c tnh vo gi tr ca hp ng ( tr khi mu l vt c gi tr cao)
+ Ngi chp nhn mu phi l ngi c chuyn mn, k thut cao, am hiu v k thut, v tnh
nng ca hng ho ( thng l ph gim c k thut hoc trng phng k thut)
V d: Nhp khu bt giy theo tiu chun cht lng nh mu v ti liu k thut:
Quality: As per samples & technical data.
- Xc nh theo hm lng cht ch yu trong hng ho.:
Phng php ny thng dng vi nhng hp ng mua bn nng sn, hng ri nh xi mng,
ho cht. Phn bn, khong sn. dng phng php ny cn phi lm ni bt nhng yu cu sau:

+ Cht hu ch (ch tiu chnh): cn phi quy nh mc ti thiu phi t l bao nhiu.
+ cht v ch (ch tiu ph) : Phi quy nh mc ti a cho php
V d: Cht lng trong mt hp ng xut khu c ph c quy nh nh sau:
Quality: Grade 2 Black and broken beans 5.0% Max.
- Moisture

13.0 % Max

- Ad mixture

1.0% Max

- Mould (ht mc)

0.2% Max

- Small beans below screen size 13 (5.0mm) not to exceed 10%

Khi xc nh cht lng hng ho theo phng php ny cn ch n cc yu cu ca i tc
v xem xt kh nng c th tho mn hay khng iu chnh, nu thy cn thit. Nu khng
cn thn c th s b tn tht khi thc hin hp ng.
V d: trong mt hp ng xut khu go 25% tm ( 40% ht nguyn ) cho n phn quy nh
cht lng ghi nh sau:
Moisture

12.0% Max

Broken

25.0% Max

Foreign matter

0.5% Max

Red kernel

4.0% Max

Damage kernel

2.0% Max

Immature kernel

1.0% Max

Whole grain:

40% Min

Khi xc nh cht lng go doanh nghip khng hiu cc tiu chun nh gi go, nu go
t ch tiu l 40% ht nguyn l loi go 15% tm ch khng phi l loi 25 % tm. Khi giao
hng bn hng n cn c vo tiu ch ny m t chi nhn hng v buc pha Vit nam phi
giao loi 40% ht nguyn ti thiu, tc l loi 15% tm. Tt nhin pha Vit nam khng th ch
go quay li Vit nam thay bng loi khc, bn hng nhn go v thanh ton pha Vit nam
phi gim gi, thng v ny b l vn.
- Xc nh cht lng theo hin trng thc t ca hng ho: C ngha l hng ho th no th bn
th. Theo phng php ny ngi bn khng chu trch nhim v cht lng hng giao. Trong
hp ng thng dng cm t: as it is hoc as it sale
Xc nh cht lng theo phng php ny thng dc p dng cho cc hp ng mua bn
c, ph thi, ph liu, ph phm v.v.v i vi nhng hp ng c nhng chi tit, linh kin ri

i km phi quy nh r trong hp ng hoc phi nh km hp ng cc bn v cataloge

trnh bt li cho ngi mua.
Cc doanh nghip Vit nam thng mua my mc thit b hoc mt s hng ho qua s dng,
nu khng ch n iu khon ny c th s nhn phi l hng qu km v cht lng hoc
thit b khng ng b m ngi bn s ph nhn trch nhim ca mnh
- Xc nh cht lng hng ho da vo bng thit k k thut hoc cataloge
Phng php ny thng p dng trong cc hp ng mua bn my mc thit b c nhiu chi tit
lp rp
- Xc nh cht lng theo cc tiu chun sn c trong thc t
c th ghi theo tiu chun quc t hoc theo tiu chun ca nc ngi bn hoc theo tiu chun
ca nc ngi mua cng c th ghi theo tiu chun ca n cho hng c 2 bn thng
nht hoc ghi theo k hiu c ng k quc t
V d:
Hng ho l mng nha BOPP trong sut cha in mu, cha in ch, cha gia c, cha c h
tr bng cc vt liu khc dng sn xut bao b sn phm th ghi: Export Standard, as per
approved samples.
Hng ho l bt nha PVC ng k theo tiu chun quc t vi cc chng loi:
+ Dng sn xut cc khp ni, cc sn phm to ra t khun cng, khun thi, khun phun
cng, c ghi theo k hiu MVP- 58/K-58
+ Dng sn xut ng nha bc dy cp in lm tm cng c ghi theo k hiu : MVP66/K-66
+ Dng sn xut cc tm mm, bc dy cp mm, vi gi da c ghi theo k hiu MVP
71/K- 71
- Xc nh cht lng da vo s xem trc v ng
Phng php ny c p dng vi nhng hp ng mua bn cc loi hng ho sau khi c
trng by ti hi ch, trin lm hoc mt s ho cht, hp cht khc.
V d: Cht lng hng l hng liu tng hp dng sn xut kem nh rng c tn hng l:
SPEARMINT TP 4472
Commodity: Spearmint TP 4472
Quality: as per previous shipment, the same as approved specification.
Ngoi cc phng php nu trn ngi ta cn s dng mt phng php khc nh: da vo ch

tiu i khi quen dng, da vo phm cht tiu th tt trn th trng lc k hp ng nhng
phng php ny khng ph bin do vy chng ta khng cp y.

iu 4: Gi c ( Article 4: Price).
y c th ni l iu khon quan trng nht ca hp ng ngoi thng mi iu khon khc
c th d rng nhng b hoc b thuyt phc nhng vi iu khon ny hu ht cc bn i tc
u khng mun nhng b. Chnh v vy khi thng tho hp ng cc bn thng rt thn
trng i vi iu khon ny. Thng thng cc bn phi thng nht nhng ni dung sau y.
- ng tin tnh gi:
Trong hp ng ngoi thng gi c hng ho c th c tnh bng tin ca nc ngi bn, c
th c tnh bng tin ca nc ngi mua hoc c th c tnh bng tin ca nc th ba.
i vi ngi bn lun chn ng tin c xu hng tng gi tr trn th trng hi oi, vi
ngi mua th ngc li. Do vy ngi ta thng thng nht chn ng tin no c gi n nh
trn th trng hi oi, l nhng ng tin c kh nng chuyn i cao, hay gi l ng tin
mnh, hin nay nu sp xp theo mc chuyn i th nhng ng tin sau y c s dng
ph bin hn c: USD, JPY, EUR, GBP.
- Phng php tnh gi.
C rt nhiu cch xc nh gi c hng ho. Cc bn cn phi thng nht phng php tnh gi
ngay khi m phn khng xy ra tranh chp trong qu trnh thc hin hp ng v khng
xy ra tnh trng bn c li nhiu v bn b thit hi ln, nh vy, nh hng n s pht trin
ca hot ng thng mi quc t.
Tu theo tng thng v, tng i tng ca hp ng m ngi ta c th chn mt trong cc
phng php tnh gi sau y:
+ Gi c nh (fixed Price)L gi c xc nh ngay trong khi m phn k kt hp ng v
khng thay i trong qu trnh thc hin hp ng.
Phng php ny ch nn dng vi cc hp ng c gi tr nh, thi gian thc hin ngn gi c
trn th trng n nh. Khng nn dng phng php ny vi nhng thng v mua bn hng
chin lc thi gian thc hin di gi c li bin ng mnh trn th trng d gy thit hi cho
mt trong hai bn, khng hi ho quyn li.
+ Gi quy nh sau: L gi cha c quyt nh trong lc m phn v k kt hp ng. Trong

lc m phn cc bn tho thun cc iu kin v thi gian xc nh gi. V d: Gi s c xc

nh vo thi im giao hng hoc Gi s c tnh ti thi im thanh ton theo gi quc t
ti s giao dch hng ho..
Phng php ny c s dng vi nhng hp ng mua bn hng ho c s bin ng mnh v
gi trn th trng v trong thi k lm pht vi tc cao.
+ Gi xt li: cc bn tho thun v ghi r trong hp ng iu kin n gi c xc nh ti
thi im k hp ng; nhng s c xt li nu ti thi im giao hng hoc thi im thanh
ton, gi c bin ng trong khong (.)%.
VD: trng hp XK go:
Unit price: USD 220/MT FOB Saigon Port- 2000.
It will vary by mutual agreement, if when shipment the price be changed about ~ 10%.
Gi xt li cng c p dng phng chng ri ro v gi c cho cc bn tham gia hp ng
khi thi gian thc hin hp ng di, gi tr l hng ln, hoc trong trng hp mua/bn cc mt
hng nhy cm v gi.
Ngoi vic xc nh gi c, cc bn cn phi tho thun v n gi v iu kin c s giao hng
tng ng. Chng hn gi tm cng tht c ghi trong hp ng:

Unit Price: USD 14/kg CFR Singapore Incoterms 2000

Total Amount: USD 14,000.00

Trong hp ng NK bnh Gas lnh FREON 22, dung tch nh hn 25 lit t M c n gi v
tng gi tr hp ng l:

Unit Price: USD 2.4/Kg CIF HCM 2000

Total Amount: USD 26,128.50

Tng gi tr hp ng c ghi vo iu khon ny:
Tng gi tr hp ng = n gi x S lng/Khi lng hng ho
+ Gim gi: Trong thc t, khi tho thun k kt hp ng mua, bn, cc bn thng dnh cho
nhau nhng u i nh NB thng khuyn khch cho NM, hoc NM ng tin trc cho NB
Thng thng NB hay dnh nhiu u i cho NM hn. Mt trong nhng u i l vic gim gi
bn.
C nhiu nguyn nhn c th p dng gim gi:
+ Gim gi do tr tin sm: NB nhm mc ch khuyn khch NM thu xp vic thanh ton sm
v c hng t l gim gi theo thi gian thanh ton sm.

+Gim gi do mua th hoc mua hng vi s lng ln: c th coi y l mt hnh thc khuyn
mi ca NB.
Gim gi nu trn th trng ang c s cnh tranh mnh m ca cc i th: NB nhm mc ch
li ko khch hng v pha mnh.
Lu : C 2 phng php tnh gim gi thng c p dng:
Gim gi n (Simple discount rate): gim gi 1 ln cho ton b cc nguyn nhn; xc nh gi
bn theo cng thc:
P1 = P0 x(1-d)
Trong :
+ P1: l s tin NM phi thanh ton
+ P0 l tr gi ton b l hng
+ d l t l gim gi c th p dng
Gim gi kp (Chain discount rate): nu cng mt lc NM c hng u i gim gi do nhiu
nguyn nhn, mi nguyn nhn c p dng mt t l gim gi nht nh th cng thc tnh gi
bn l:
P1 =P0 x (1-d1) x (1-d2) x (1- d3) x..x(1 dn)
Trong :
+ P1 l s tin NM phi thanh ton
+ P 0 l tr gi ton b l hng
+ d1 l t l gim gi do nguyn nhn th nht
+ d2 l t l gim gi do nguyn nhn th hai..
+ dn l t l gim gi do nguyn nhn th n
VD: Tr gi l hng l 100 triu USD, NM c gim gi 20% do mua hng trong t khuyn
mi ca NB; ng thi do mua s lng nhiu nn c chit khu thm 5%; ngoi ra v l bn
hng quen thuc nn li c thm mt ln u i gim gi 2% na. V vy thc t s tin NM
phi thanh ton ch cn:
P1 = 100 x (1- 0,2) x (1- 0,05) x (1- 0,02) (triu USD) = 74,48 triu USD.
Ghi nh: mun tho thun vi i tc xc nh gi hng XK bn nn tham kho cc thng tin
v gi trn cc tp ch chuyn ngnh xc nh c mc gi hp l, khng qu cao (s kh
nhn c s ng tnh t pha i tc) v cng khng qu thp (gy thit hi cho chnh mnh).
VD: Gi c ph trn th trng th gii (thng 4/1999) c cng b trn mt s tp ch chuyn

ngnh:
- Ti th trng London c ph Robusta: 1.489 USD/MT
- Ti th trng singapore c ph Robusta: 1.516 USD/MT
- Ti th trng New York c ph Arabica: 2.847 USD/MT
- Ti th trng Tokyo c ph Robusta: 20.530 JPY/Lb (20.530 Yn/t)
- Ti th trng Tokyo c ph Arabica: 18.700 Yn/bao (69 kg/bao) (18.700 JPY/Bushel)

iu 5 Giao hng (Article 5 Shipment/

Delivery)
y l iu khon rt quan trng ca hp ng, v n s quy nh ngha v c th ca NB; ng
thi cng l rng buc cc bn hon thnh trch nhim ca mnh i vi i phng. Ch khi no
NB giao hng xong mi c th nhn c tin v NM mi c c s nhn hng nh mong
mun. Nu khng c iu khon ny, hp ng mua bn coi nh khng c hiu lc.
Trong iu khon giao hng cc bn phi thng nht vi nhau nhng ni dung c bn sau y:
+ Thi hn giao hng (Time of shipment/Shipment time): c th chn mt trong nhiu cch
quy nh thi hn giao hng:
Giao hng vo mt ngy chnh xc; v d: On Jan. 18th, 1999.
Vi cch quy nh ny, NB phi giao hng ng trong mt ngy no ngy 18/01/1999 trong
v d trn (khng c sai lch); iu ny s gy bt li cho NB v trong qu trnh thc hin
HNT c th xy ra nhng trng hp bt kh khng m NB s kh thc hin ng ngy giao
hng nh qui nh. Chng hn nh kh khn trong vic chun b hng XK, hoc qu trnh
thu tu gp s cHn na hng ho mua li trong ngoi thng thng c s lng ln, vic
vn chuyn bng ng bin li ph thuc nhiu vo vn thi tit v lin quan n nhiu
khu, nhiu ngi nh cc nhn vin hng tu, nhn vin hi quan, h thng cp giy php
V vy, thi gian giao hng t khi c quy nh vo mt ngy nht nh, tr trng hp hng
thuc loi khn cp, c gi tr nh v khch thng mua mt loi hng quen thuc no .
Ngi ta thng quy nh thi hn giao hng theo nhng cch sau:
Giao hng trong mt khong thi gian no :
Thi hn giao hng c qui nh theo nhng cch:

From (June 16th, 1999) To (July 16th, 1999).

Hoc in July 1999
Giao hng theo mt mc quy nh no
Trn hp ng ghi theo mt trong nhng cch sau:
Not later than July 31st 2006
To be effected latest to July 31st 2006
Thi hn giao hng c quy nh theo mt iu kin no
V d:
While 30 days after L/C issued date
Within 30 days after effective date of this agreement
Giao hng ngay lp tc (Prompt/ immediately)
Giao hng cng sm cng tt ( as soon as possible)
+ Xc nh a im giao hng (place of shipment): cc bn phi thng nht quy nh a im
giao hng cho ngi vn ti, cho ngi mua theo mt trong nhng cch sau:
- a im giao hng c ghi r trong hp ng. Cch ny t dng
- a im giao hng theo Incoterms km theo iu kin gi c.
V d: Gi lc nhn xut khu: USD 540/MT FOB Si gn 2000
Gi ph liu may o s mi nhp khu: USD 0.75 / Yard CFR HCMC port- 2000.
+ Quy nh v phng thc giao hng : Gm cc ni dung
- C cho php chuyn ti hay khng( Transhipment)
Nu t cng xp hng n cng d hng c t nht l 2 phng tin vn ti c s dng, th
trng hp ny c gi l chuyn ti. Trn hp ng s ghi ch:
+ Allowed: c php (chuyn ti)
+ Hoc Not Allowed/prohibited: khng c php (chuyn ti) hay Cm (chuyn ti)
Cn c theo hi trnh ca tu v lng hng ho chuyn ch chp nhn hng c c php
chuyn ti hay khng.
- Giao hng ton b hay giao hng tng phn (Partial shipment)
- Giao hng mt ln hay giao hng nhiu ln (Shipment by Instalment)
+ Nu l hng c chp nhn giao nhiu ln th ghi:
Shipment by Instalment: Allowed c php (giao hng nhiu ln).
+ Nu l hng c chp nhn giao hng tng phn th ghi:

Partial shipmen: Allowed c php (giao hng tng phn).

+ Nu phi giao hng mt ln th chn mt trong cc cch ghi:
- Total shipment.
- Partial shipment: Not allowed.
- Partial shipment: Prohibited.
Vic chp nhn giao hng nhiu ln hay mt ln phi c cn nhc sao cho ph hp vi kh
nng cung cp hng ca NB; nhng ng thi to iu kin thun li cho vic nhn hng ca
NM. Mt khc cn phi xem xt iu kin cng bin c cho php hay khng (nu giao hng theo
phng thc vn ti bin). c bit chi ph cho vic giao nhn hng ho phi c t trong iu
kin tt nht.
+ Thng bo v vic giao nhn hng ho (Note of shipment):
Tu theo iu kin giao hng m mt bn i tc phi thng bo vi bn kia v nhng vn c
lin quan:

NM thng bo cho NB:

+ Tn tu, s hiu ca tu, tn ngi vn ti, a im giao hng, thi gian giao hng(nu mua
hng theo iu kin nhm F).

NB phi thng bo cho NM: ton b nhng thng tin v vic giao hng:

+ Kt qu giao hng
+ S lng v cht lng hng thc giao
+ Ngy xp hng ln tu
+ Ngy c cp B/L v s ca B/L
+ Ngy tu khi hnh t cng i v d kin ngy tu n cng d hng
+ Tn tu, s hiu v quc tch tu (nu ginh quyn vn ti)
VD:
Mt hp ng mua bn thp vn quy nh:
At least 7 days before vessels arrival at loading port, the buyer shall advise the seller of the
vessels E.T.A

72/48/24 HRS before vessels arrival at loading port, the master of the M/V shall cable to ship

agent her E.T.A and other necessary informations.

Trong iu khon GIAO HNG ca hp ng mua/bn gia NM l Vit Nam v NB l Hng
Kng c ghi:

SHIPMENT:

Latest date of shipment: Mid. Mar, 98 (L/C must be received by the Seller not later than Mar.

07, 08).

Partial shipment: not allowed.

Transhipment: not allowed.

Port of Shipment: any New Zealand Port.

Port of Destination: Hochiminh City Port, Vietnam

Notice of Shipment: within 5 working days after the departure date of cargo vessel, the Seller

shall notify by fax to the Buyer following shipping particulars:

- Vessels name and nationality Contract No.
- Total amount of contract B/L No. and B/L date.
-

Port of loading and port of destination.

Date of shipment ETD and ETA.

FAX TO BUYER THE COMPLETED DOCUMENT.

Ch : khi mua bn hng ho vi s lng ln, phi thu tu chuyn, cc bn cn phi thng
nht vi nhau thm v iu kin thu tu v phng thc giao hng. Nhng ni dung ny phi
thng nht vi ni dung ghi trn hp ng thu tu c k kt gia ngi vn ti v ngi thu
tu.
VD: hp ng XK 20.000 tn go t Vit Nam i n , theo iu kin FOB cng Si Gn,
trong iu khon Giao hng c ghi:
Loading terms:
At the loading port, the cargo will be loaded at the rate of 2,000MT per weather working days of
24 consecutive hrs, Sundays and Holidays excepted even if used (WWDSHEXIU). If the NOR is
presented before noon, laying time to commence at 13:00 oclock at the same day. If the NOR
tendered in afternoon but during office Hrs (from 1.30 P.M to 4.30 P.M), the laytime to
commence from 8:00 on the next working day. Dunnage to be for Buyers/Shipowners account.
Demurrage/Despatch as per Charter Party.
Ti cng bc hng, hng ho s c bc ln tu theo t l 2.000 tn/ngy theo iu kin
WWDSHEXIU. Nu bn thng bo tu sn sng n trc 12h tra th thi gian xp hng ln
tu c tnh t 13 gi cng ngy. Nu bn thng bo tu sn sng n sau 12h tra nhng
trong gi lm vic (T 1gi30 n 4gi40 bui chiu), thi gian xp hng ln tu s c tnh t

8 gi sng ca ngy lm vic k tip. Vt chn lt c tnh cho ngi mua hoc ch tu.
iu kin thng, pht nh trong hp ng thu tu.

iu 6: Thanh ton (Article 6:

Settlement/payment ).
Incoterms quy nh ngha v ngi bn phi giao hng ng nh hp ng v c thanh ton,
ngha v ca ngi mua l phi nhn hng v thanh ton cho ngi bn. V vy cng nh iu
khon giao hng, iu khon thanh ton gi v tr rt quan trong trong hp ng ngoi thng, v
n lin quan trc tip n quyn li ca c hai bn. Do vy khi m phn k kt hp ng ngoi
thng v iu khon thanh ton cc bn cn phi thng nht nhng ni dung chnh di y.
1. ng tin thanh ton: c th trng vi ng tin tnh gi, c th khc vi ng tin tnh gi.
Nu c s khc bit th phi quy i trn c s t gi c cng b ngn hng ngoi thng v
phi c ghi r trong hp ng. Thng thng th ng tin thanh ton v ng tin tnh gi
trng vi nhau v l cc ng tin mnh.
2.Phng thc thanh ton:
Trn th trng th gii hin nay ngi ta thng p dng mt s phng thc thanh ton sau
y.
- Thanh ton tin mt.

- Thanh ton chuyn tin ( bng th hay bng in)

* nh ngha: L phng thc m trong khch hng yu cu ngn hng ca mnh chuyn mt
s tin nht nh cho mt ngi khc mt a im nht nh bng phng tin chuyn tin do
khch hng yu cu.
* Trnh t tin hnh
1. Giao dch thng mi
2. Vit n yu cu chuyn tin cng vi u nhim chi
3. Chuyn tin ra nc ngoi qua ngn hng
4. Ngn hng chuyn tin cho ngi hng li
* Cc yu cu v chuyn tin:
Mun chuyn tin phi c giy php ca B ch qun hoc B ti chnh.

Phi c :
o Quyt nh thnh lp doanh nghip (Doanh nghip giao dch ln u)
o ng k kinh doanh (Doanh nghip giao dch ln u)
o ng k m s XNK(Doanh nghip giao dch ln u)
o Hp ng ngoi thng gc
o Ho n thng mi bn gc
o T khai hi quan nu hng n ca khu
o Giy php nhp khu (nu c)
o Hp ng vay vn ngn hng(nu c)
o Hp ng mua bn ngoi t(nu phI mua ngoi t)
o Giy np ngoi t tin mt(nu c)
o Lnh chi ca khch hng.
- Thanh ton nh thu:
* khi nim:
Phng thc nh thu l mt phng thc thanh ton trong ngi xut khu hon thnh ngha
v giao hng hoc cung ng mt dch v cho khch hng u thc cho ngn hng ca mnh thu h
s tin ngi nhp khu trn c s hi phiu ca ngi xut khu lp ra.
* Ngun php l iu chnh: Quy tc thng nht nh thu, bn sa i 1995, s 522 ca
ICC(Uniform Rules for Collection, 522, 1995,ICC-URC522,ICC)
* Cc loi nh thu:
+ Nh thu phiu trn: l phng thc trong ngi xut khu u thc cho ngn hng thu h
tin ngi nhp khu cn c vo hi phiu do mnh lp ra, cn chng t gi hng th gi thng
cho ngi nhp khu khng qua ngn hng.
1. Giao hng v chng t gi hng
2. K pht hi phiu nh ngn hng thu h tin
3. U thc thu i ngoi
4. Xut trnh hi phiu i tin
5. Thanh ton
+ Nh thu km chng t:L phng thc trong ngi xut khu u thc cho ngn hng thu
h tin ngi nhp khu khng nhng cn c vo hi phu m cn cn c vo b chng t gi
hng gi km theo vi iu kin l nu ngi nhp khu tr tin hoc chp nhn tr tin hi

phiu th ngn hng mi trao b chng t gi hng cho ngi nhp khu nhn hng.
Trnh t tin hnh: ging nh nh thu phiu trn, ch khc l khu 1 l lp mt b chng t
nh ngn hng thu h tin.
* Trng hp p dng:
a) Nh thu hng xut khu: Ngi xut khu phi xut trnh cc chng t:
o Hi phiu
o Cc chng t gi hng
o Giy yu cu nh thu ca ngi xut khu
b) Thanh ton nh thu hng nhp khu:
o Kim tra lnh nh thu ca ngn hng nc xut khu gi n
o Kim tra chng t gi hng nh thu
o Kim tra hi phiu
o Thc hin iu kin nh thu D/A, D/P, D/TC
- Thanh ton tn dng chng t.
* Khi nim: L mt s tho thun trong ngn hng(ngn hng m th tn dng) theo yu cu
ca khch hng s tr mt s tin nht nh cho mt ngi khc hoc chp nhn hi phiu do
ngi ny k pht trong phm vi s tin khi ngi ny xut trnh cho ngn hng mt b
chng t ph hp vi nhng quy nh ra trong th tn dng.
* Ngun php l iu chnh: Quy tc v cc thc hng thng nht v tn dng chng t, bn sa
i nm 1993, s 500 v bn ph trng s 100, ICC(Uniform Customs and Practice for
Ducumentary Credit, Revision 1993, No500- For electronic presentation 1.0, ICC- Vit tt l
UCP 500-eUCP1.0, ICC)
* Trnh t tin hnh:
1.Ngi nhp khu lm n xin m th tn dng gi n ngn hng ca mnh yu cu m mt
th tn dng cho ngi xut khu hng
2.Cn c vo n xin m th tn dng, ngn hng m th tn dng s lp mt th tn dng v
thng qua ngn hng i l ca mnh nc ngi xut khu thng bo vic m th tn dng v
chuyn th tn dng n ngi xut khu
3.Khi nhn c thng bo ny, ngn hng thng bo s thng bo cho ngi xut khu ton b
ni dung thng bo v vic m th tn dng , v khi nhn c bn gc th tn dng, th
chuyn ngay cho ngi xut khu

4.Ngi xut khu nu chp nhn th tn dng th tin hnh giao hng, nu khng th tin hnh
ngh ngn hng m L/C sa i, b sung cho ph hp vi hp ng
5.Sau khi giao hng, ngi xut khu lp b chng t theo yu cu ca th tn dng xut trnh
thng qua ngn hng thng bo cho ngn hng m th tn dng xin thanh ton.
6.Ngn hng m L/C kim tra chng t khng qu 7 ngy lm vic k t sau ngy nhn chng t
v thng bo kt qu kim tra cho ngi nhp khu bng vn bn, yu cu ngi nhp khu tr
li trong vng 2 ngy lm vic.
7.Ngi nhp khu kim tra chng t v quyt nh chp nhp hay t chi thanh ton.
8.Cn c vo kin ca ngi nhp khu, Ngn hng m L/C quyt nh nhn chng t v tr
tin hoc quyt nh t chi nhn chng t v t chi tr tin. Nu quyt nh t chi nhn
chng t th ngn hng m L/C phi chuyn tr chng t li cho ngn hng xut trnh, nu khng
lm nh vy, ngn hng m L/C hng xut trnh, nu khng lm nh vy, ngn hng m L/C
-Phng thc ghi s:
* Khi nim : ngi xut khu m mt ti khon ghi n ngi nhp khu sau khi ngi xut
khu hon thnh giao hng hay dch v, n tng nh k ngi nhp khu tr tin cho ngi
xut khu.
* c im:
- y l mt phng thc thanh ton khng c s tham gia ca cc Ngn hng vi chc nng l
ngi m tikhon v thc thi thanh ton.
- Ch m ti khon n bin, khng m ti khon a song bin. Nu ngi nhp khu m
tikhon ghi th ti khon ch l theo di, khng c gi tr thanh quyt ton gia hai bn.
* Trnh t tin hnh
1. Giao hng hoc dch v cng vi gi chng t hng ho
2. Bo n trc tip
3. Ngi nhp khu dng phng thc chuyn tin tr tin khi n nh k thanh ton
* Trng hp p dng
- Thng dng cho thanh ton ni a
- Hai bn phi thc s tin cy ln nhau
- Dng cho phng thc mua bn hng i hng, nhiu ln, thng xuyn trong mt thi k
- Phng thc ny ch c li cho ngi nhp khu
- Dng cho thanh ton tin gi bn hng nc ngoi

- Dng trong thanh ton tin phi mu dch: tin cc ph vn ti, bo him
* Ch khi p dng
- Cn c ghi n ca ngi xut khu thng l ho n thng mi
- Cn c nhn n ca ngi nhp khu , hoc l da vo tr gi ho n giao hng, hoc l da
vo kt qu nhn hng ni nhn hng
- Phng thc chuyn tin hoc l bng th, hoc l bng in cn phi c tho thun thng
nht gia hai bn
- Gi hng trong phng thc ghi s thng cao hn gi hng bn tin ngay
Mi phng thc thanh ton u c nhng im li v bt li cho ngi bn hoc ngi mua.
Do vy tu thuc mi quan h, gi tr v thi hn thc hin hp ng m cc bn thng nht la
chn phng thc thanh ton no cho ph hp, thun tin v m bo quyn li cho cc bn
tham gia hp ng.
Mun la chn mt phng thc thanh ton hp l trong qu trnh mua bn trao i hng ho
vi nc ngoi, ngoi vic nm vng cc quy trnh nghip v mi thng nhn cn phi bit vn
dng chng mt cch linh hot, ng x nhanh trong nhiu trng hp v nghip v thanh ton
quc t l mt nghip v rt phc tp, nu gp phi cc i tc khng trung thc, c nhiu th
on th rt d ri vo by ca h v s kh c th trnh khi tnh trng tin mt tt mang.
Khi la chn cc phng thc thanh ton cc thng nhn cn xem xt nhng cn c sau y:
a. an ton trong thanh ton.
an ton trong thanh ton c xem xt trn 2 yu t:
- Thi hn thanh ton cng di an ton cng thp do yu t lm pht hoc do bin ng ca t
gi
- Nu khng phng nhng ri ro thng gp trong thanh ton nh s la o ca bn hng,
nng lc ti chnh ca nhng ngi c lin quan, nh: ngn hng bo lnh,ngn hng m L/C,
ngn hng nh thu.v.v. th an ton trong thanh ton cng thp.
b.Chi ph dch v.
Vi nhng phng thc thanh ton khc nhau th chi ph dch v tr cho ngn hng cng rt khc
nhau, do vy nhn t ny cng phi c cn nhc cn thn nu khng chi ph dch v s lm
tiu tan li nhun ca thng v.
c. Tr gi ca l hng.
Tr gi ca l hng cng ln th ri ro cng cao.

d. Quan h cc bn
Quan h truyn thng lu di, lu di gi uy tn trong kinh doanh s cho cc thng nhn gim
bt ri ro trong thanh ton.
3.Ngn hng phc v xut nhp khu (Sellers bank/ Collecting bank/advising bank)
Ghi r tn a ch ca ngn hng tham gia vo qu trnh thanh ton tin hng ( thu h tin,
chuyn h tin, gi h tin,thng bo v kt qu m L/C v nhn tin, ngn hng m L/C nu
thanh ton bng L/C) Cc bn tham gia hp cn ch cung cp y nhng chi tit v ngn
hng ny v ti khon bo v quyn li ca mnh trong thanh ton.
4 Thi hn thanh ton (Time of payment)
Khi m phn v thi hn giao hng cc bn c th thng nht vi nhau theo mt trong nhng
cch sau: Tr tin trc, tr tin sau, tr tin ngay khi giao hng hoc thanh ton theo phng
thc hn hp( tr trc mt phn, tr ngay mt phn, v phn cn li s thanh ton sau khi giao
hng mt khong thi gian no )
.a. Ngi mua tr tin trc khi ngi bn giao hng c th xy ra 2 trng hp:
+ Ngi mua giao trc mt khon tin t 50% n 100% tng gi tr l hng: cch ny p dng
khi ngi mua cn khn cp mt loi hng ho no hoc khi ngi bn gp kh khn v ti
chnh khng kh nng t thc hin hp ng hoc i tng mua bn l loi hng ho c
quyn. Tu theo tnh cht ca tng thng v m gi c c th thp hn m cng c th cao hn
gi th trng.
Phng thc ny ch nn dng khi hai bn c mi quan h thn thit nh: bn hng truyn thng
hoc quan h gia cng ty m v cc cng ty con hoc chi nhnh nc ngoi, hoc gia cc
bn i tc phi c s tin cy tuyt i. Bi v vi cch thanh ton ny th ri ro i vi ngi
mua cao hn ngi bn.
+ Ngi mua giao cho ngi bn mt s tin tng ng vi mt phn gi tr l hng ( khong
10%) gi tr cn gi l tin t cc thc hin hp ng: Cch ny c p dng khi c hai bn
cng mun hp ng phi c thc hin mt cch chc chn v nh xut khu coi khon ng
trc ny nh mt vt bo m cho vic nhn hng v thanh ton ca ngi mua.
b.Thanh ton ngay: Bng tin mt thng c p dng trong trng hp bun bn tiu ngch
( l hnh thc bun bn trao i gia cc thng nhn hai nc vng bin gii vi gi tr trao i
thp, thng l di 1000 USD).
Trn th trng th gii ngi ta chp nhn tr tin ngay khi s dng phng thc D/P trong

phng thc nh thu hoc L/C at sight trong phng thc tn dng chng t. Tr ngay y
c hiu l tr ngay khi nhn thy hi phiu i tin, c ngha l sau khi giao hng ngi bn
s lp hi phiu yu cu ngi mua thanh ton ngay khi nhn c hi phiu ( khi nhn thy hi
phiu). Khong thi gian k t khi ngi bn k pht hi phiu cho n khi nhn c giy bo
c t ngn hng ko di t nht l 21 ngy.
c Tr tin sau: i vi nhng l hng c gi tr ln bn bn thng chp nhn cho bn mua tr
tin sau thng qua phng thc D/A trong phng thc nh thu hoc Usance L/C trong phng
thc tn dng chng t. Theo cch ny th sau khi gi hng cho bn mua bn bn lp b chng t
nh thu nh ngn hng thu h tin t ngi mua theo ch th nh thu hoc lp b chng t thanh
ton theo quy nh trong L/C gi n ngn hng m L/C yu cu chp nhn thanh ton. Khi nhn
c chng t nh thu hoc nhn c chng t thanh ton ngn hng yu cu ngi mua n
ngn hng k hi phiu chp nhn tr tin v giao chng t cho ngi mua i nhn hng. Ngi
bn c th dng b chng t dc ngi mua chp nhn tr tin th chp vay vn ti ngn
hng hoc chit khu vi mt ngn hng no ly tin ngay.

iu 7: Chng t giao hng (necessary

documents/document requirement/negotiation
documents)
Mc ny yu cu NB phi cung cp cho NM nhng chng t chng minh vic giao hng cho
ngi vn ti nh hai bn tho thun. Nu b chng t NB xut trnh l y v hp l mi
c thanh ton bi NM hoc ngn hng phc v NM. Trong nhiu trng hp, do khng thng
nht trc vi nhau v vic chun b b chng t. NB cung cp cho NM khng nhng chng
t cn thit, gy kh khn cho NM trong vic nhn hng; ngoi ra cn gy tn km thi gian v
tin bc ca hai bn do phi iu chnh, b sung chng t sau khi giao hng.
Nhng chng t cn thit m NB bt buc phi gi cho NM hoc ngn hng phc v NM:
- Hi phiu (Bill of Exchange)
- Vn ti n (Bill of Lading/Airwaybill/Railwaybill)
- Ho n bn hng (Commercial Invoice)

- Bng k chi tit hng ho (Packing List)

- Giy chng nhn s lng, cht lng hng ho thc giao do ngi sn xut xc nhn m bo
v lng hng mua bn (Certificate of Quantity/Certificate of Quality)
S lng mi loi chng t (bao nhiu bn chnh, bao nhiu bn ph) v gi ti u s do hai
bn tho thun khi m phn k hp ng
Tu theo tnh trng hng ho mua bn v tnh cht ca cuc trao i, m NB phi cung cp cho
NM thm nhng chng t khc (nu c yu cu) nh:
- Giy chng nhn bo him do cng ty bo him cp (nu bn hng theo gi CIF hoc CIP).
- Giy chng nhn xut x hng ho do c quan chuyn mn ca chnh ph nc XK cp
(Certificate of Origin C/O0
- Giy chng nhn kim tra, gim nh hng ho do c quan chuyn mn cp (khi hng ho l
thc phm, thuc cha bnh, my mc thit b)
- Giy php xut nhp khu, nu l hng chu s qun l ca nh nc.

Mi loi chng t mang ngha khc nhau trong b h s thanh tonv vy sau khi giao
hng nh XK phi kim tra k trc khi gi chng t cho NM v NM cng phi kim tra k khi
nhn c b chng t ngi bn chuyn n.
VD: iu khon thanh ton ca hp ng mua/bn gia NM l VN v NB l HK c ghi:
Mode of payment and necessary documents:
By Irrevocable L/C at sight for full contractual value in favour of HK Ltd (4002 Central Plaza 18
Harbour rd ( HK) Account No: through The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp.
Ltd, 1 Queens rd, Central Hongkong.
TTR acceptable 100% pct of the value of certified loaded quantity payable on presentation of the
following documents:
+ Negotiation documents:
3 originals clean on board ocean B/L.
3 originals of singed commercial invoice
3 originals of certificate of origin issued by Chamber of commerce of New Zealand.
3 originals of certificate of quality/ Quantity issued by manufacturer
3 originals of detailed packing list
1 original &2 copies of insurance certificate covering All riskwith 110% invoice value claim

payable at Bao Viet Hochiminh city.

1 copy of advising fax
+ Special instructions:
Third partys document are acceptable.
2.3.2: Cc iu khon tng cng s rng buc trch nhim cc bn.

iu 8: Bao b v k m hiu (Article 8

Packing and marking)
+ Packing: Trong hot ng thng mi, bao b gi mt v tr rt quan trng v n c nhng chc
nng sau y:
- Cha ng hng ho theo tiu chun n v
- Bo v hng ho, trnh nhng tn tht thit hi do tc ng ca mi trng bn ngoi, ca t
nhin hoc do nhng hnh n c ca con ngi
- Lm tng gi tr ca sn phm do tnh thm m ca bao b
- Gi , kch thch nhu cu ngi tiu dng
- Hng dn ngi tiu dng cch s dng hng ho
- Phn bit hng ho ca hp ng ny vi hng ho ca hp ng khc
Chnh v vy vic cung cp bao b l yu cu khng th thiu i vi doanh nghip ni chung v
i vi thng nhn kinh doanh xnk ni ring do khi thng tho hp ng ngoi thng cc
bn cn tho thun iu khon ny mt cch cn thn. V iu khon ny trong hp ng ngoi
thng ngi ta thng quy nh theo 2 cch:
Cch 1: Quy nh chung chung, chng hn: Bao b phi ph hp vi tnh cht hng ho, phng
tin vn chuyn v theo tiu chun xut khu, do ai cung cp (ngi bn hay ngi mua) phi
quy nh c th trong hp ng.
Cch th 2: Quy nh c th:
Trong hp ng phi nu r cc yu cu v bao b nh:
Yu cu k thut ca bao b
Ngha v cung cp bao b
Loi bao b

Cht liu sn xut bao b

Tiu chun bao b
Chi tit hng dn s dng bao b
Phi ghi r trng lng, khi lng tnh v khi lng c b.
+ Marking: L nhng k hiu, hng ch ghi bn ngoi cc loi bao b hng dn cng tc
giao nhn, vn chuyn v bo qun hng ho. Trong hp ng cc bn cng rt cn phi quy
nh r nhng yu cu v k m hiu, l:
- c vit bng sn hoc mc khng phai, khng nho
- Phi d c, d thy
- Kch thc ca k m hiu thng 2cm
- Khng gy nh hng n phm cht hng ho
- Phi dng mc mu en hoc mu tm vi hng ho thng thng, mu vi hng ho nguy
him, mu da cam vi hng ho c hi
- Phi c vit theo th t nht nh
- Phi c k t nht trn 2 mt gip nhau, thng thng ngi ta k trn 3 mt phng theo
phng thng ng ca bao b.

iu 9 Pht v bi thng thit hi(Article

9 Penalty )
Vi iu kin ny cc bn s tho thun nhng bin php trng pht khi hp ng khng thc
hin c do li ca mt trong hai bn:
-

Nhng trng hp s b pht:

+ Chm giao hng

+ Giao hng vi s lng v cht lng khng ph hp vi qui nh ca hp ng
+ Chm thanh ton
+ M L/C chm hn qui nh so vi hp ng
+ C tnh vi phm hp ng, n phng hu b hp ng
- Mc pht, bi thng thit hi: c th chn mt trong nhng cch:

+ Qui nh pht bng mt s tin c th

+ Thng nht mt t l no trn tng gi tr hp ng.

Article 10 Insurance (iu 10 Bo him)

Bo him (kinh t) l mt hot ng kinh t nhm mc ch phn chia tn tht v bo m vn
kinh doanh cho ch i tng c bo him. Trong kinh doanh hng ho ngoi thng hu ht
hng ho c chuyn ch bng ng bin, nn cng cn phi c bin php hu hiu nhm bo
v quyn li ca ch hng. V vy, bn nn mua bo him cho hng ho ca mnh.
Trc y, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam do thiu vn v cha hiu r tc dng ca bo him nn
cha ch trng lm n cng tc bo him. Ngy nay, c nhiu ngi nhn thy tc dng ca bo
him nn thay i quan nim nhng quyn mua bo him cho i tc nc ngoi. V vy
trong hp ng cn ghi r ai l ngi mua bo him v iu kin bo him cn mua.

Article 11 Claim (iu 11 Khiu ni):

Khiu ni l phng php gii quyt cc tranh chp bng thng lng trc tip gia cc bn c
lin quan vi nhau nhm tho mn (hoc khng tho mn) yu cu ca bn khiu ni. V vy
trong HNT ngi ta thng ghi thm iu khon ny quyn li cc bn c bo m mt
cch an ton hn; ng thi gi c mi quan h tt p gia cc bn c lin quan.
Khiu ni c ngha rt ln trong hot ng ngoi thng v nhng l do sau y:
Th nht: khiu ni kp thi s bo v quyn li cho ngi khiu ni; v nu ngi b khiu ni
tho mn yu cu ca ngi khiu ni tc l quyn li ca bn khiu ni c phc hi, do
bo m qu trnh kinh doanh ca doanh nghip.
Th hai: thng qua khiu ni c th nh gi c uy tn ca i phng lm c s cho qu
trnh xy dng mi quan h sau ny.
Th ba: khiu ni cn l c s to n hoc trng ti chp nhn n kin xt x nu trong
H qui nh khiu ni l bc bt buc trc khi a ra trng ti.
Trong hp ng, cc bn s qui nh nhng trng hp no NB c th khiu ni NM (hoc

ngc li); trnh t khiu ni; thi hn np n khiu ni; quyn hn v ngha v ca cc bn khi
a ra khiu ni; cc phng php iu chnh khiu ni

iu 12 Trng ti (Article 12 Arbitration)

Nu gii quyt tranh chp gia cc bn bng thng lng, khiu ni khng thnh, c th a v
vic ra Trng ti c phn x. Phn xt ca trng ti s l quyt nh cui cng m cc bn
phi chp hnh. V vy iu khon trng ti cng nn a vo hp ng mt mt cc bn thy
r trch nhim hn trc php lut; mt khc c c s bo v quyn li nu xy ra tn tht,
tranh chp.
Nhng ni dung cp n trong iu khon ny:
-

Ngi ng ra phn x gii quyt tranh chp gia cc bn l To n quc gia hay Trng ti

kinh t; Trng ti quc t hay Trng ti quc giaTrong mua bn ngoi thng Vit Nam, nh
kinh doanh XNK thng hay chn trng ti phn x l Trng ti quc t Vit Nam.
-

Lut no s c p dng trong vic xt x

a im tin hnh gii quyt tranh chp

Cam kt chp hnh ti quyt ca cc bn

Phn nh chi ph trng ti (thng l bn thua kin phi chu)

Chng hn c th vit:
In the course of executing this contract, all disputes not reaching at amicable agreement shall be
settled by the Arbitration Committee of Vietnam under the rules of The International Chamber of
Commerce of which awards shall be final and binding both parties. The fee for the arbitration
and other charges shall be born by the losing party, unless otherwise agreed.

Article 13 Force Majeures (iu 13 Bt

kh khng)
Trong thc t khi thc hin hp ng c nhng tnh hung xy ra ngoi kh nng d kin ca
cc bn, gy nn nhng tn tht khng th trnh khi cho hng ho; chng hn nh thin tai bt

ng, ho hon hoc nhng hnh vi ca con ngi, ca chin tranh lm thit hi hng ho
Nhng tn hi ngoi d phng ny c coi l Bt kh khng v cc bn c th c min trch
(Immunity Liability). khng b quy trch nhim khi c tn tht hng ho ngoi mun, cc
bn cng nn ghi vo hp ng iu khon ny. Tuy nhin cn thng nht v T chc cp chng
ch gim nh Bt kh khng d phn x khi xy ra tn tht.
Nu b khiu ni bn cng nn c gng a ra cc bng chng chng minh mnh trong tnh
trng bt kh khng.

Article 14 Inspection (iu 14 Kim tra):

Kim tra hng ho XNK c th xut pht t:
+ Yu cu ca ngi bn
+ Yu cu ca ngi mua
+ Yu cu ca Chnh ph hoc c quan chuyn mn
V vy iu khon ny i khi cng tr nn cn thit, c bit trong trng
hp kim tra cht lng hng XNK l yu cu bt buc p ng mt nhu
cu no t pha chnh quyn nc XK hoc nc NK nh: kim tra lng
thc, thc phm, c ph, thuc cha bnh, thit b
Hng ho c kim tra bi ngi XK hoc ngi i din ca nh XK, l mt
vic lm cn thit khch quan sm pht hin nhng sai st lm nh
hng n cht lng hng XK v kp thi iu chnh, sa cha sn phm.
Tuy nhin trong nhiu trng hp, vn cn c s kim tra chi tit t pha nh
NK hoc ngi i din ca nh NK (hoc mt t chc gim nh chuyn
mn) bo m rng NB giao hng ng theo yu cu ca NM v tun theo
lut php nc nhp khu. Trong trng hp ny hai bn phi ch ch danh
ngi cp giy chng nhn kim tra.
VD: iu khon KIM TRA ca hp ng mua/bn gia NM l bn Vit Nam v
NB l nh XK Hng Kng c ghi:
Manufacturers inspection at Loading Port shall be final. In case, if any
difference from quantity and/or quality of this contract. The Buyer should

claim within 40 days from the date of final discharging within Vinacontrols
report and the Seller should investigate the claim within 15 days from the
date of submitting claim letter. After confirrming within 15 days the Seller
should settle the claim.

Article 15 Other Claus/Generalities (iu

khon chung/iu khon khc):
Trong iu khon ny cc bn ghi ch nhng ni dung mun thm vo nhng khng nm trong
nhng iu khon k trn, chng hn nh thi gian, a im lp hp ng, ngn ng s dng
trong hp ng, s bn c hiu lc php lut v s bn mi bn gi thc hin hp ng
Ngoi ra tu theo tnh cht ca thng v, nu thy cn thit ngi ta cn thm vo nhng iu
khon:

Article 16 Guarantee (iu 16 Bo

m/Bo hnh/Bo tr):
Khi cn c s bo m ca mt bn v mt yu cu no trong thng v, hai bn cn ghi
chp iu ny thnh vn bn; chng hn Bo m ca NM cung cp bao b ng tiu chun k
thut, ng mu m theo tiu chun XK; bo m cung cp nhng dch v cn thit sau khi giao
hng ca NBhoc trong trng hp mua bn thit b th li cam kt bo hnh nh k cho thit
b ca NB cng phi c ghi chp vo y:
+ Thi hn hay tiu chun bo hnh
+ Chi ph bo hnh
+ Chi ph dch v khc phc v cho vic bo hnh

Article 17 Training (iu 17 o to):

Nu trong thng v c yu cu v o to nhn vin, m bo kh nng s dng hng ho do
NB cung cp, hai bn phi tho thun:

+ S lng nhn vin c o to.

+ Chi ph o to do NB hay NM chu
+ Thi gian v a im o to nhn vin
+ Ti liu k thut do NB cung cp
+ Kt qu sau o to (trnh ngi c o to, bng cp t c)

Article 18 Installation Test run

Commissioning (iu 18 Lp t Chy
th Nghim thu)
Trong trng hp mua bn thit b hoc chuyn giao cng ngh mang tnh cht phc tp, cn
phi c giai on th nghim trc khi a vo s dng, NB c trch nhim lp t, vn hnh
th thit b; nu thy hon ho mi lm bin bn bn giao cho NM.

Article 19 Confidentiality (iu 19 Bo

mt):
iu khon ny nhm rng buc cc bn gi b mt v cuc mua bn trao i v mt l do no
; chng hn bo v b quyt k thut; gi b mt v gi c; quyn s hu cng nghip

Article 20 Patent right (iu 20 Vi phm

bn quyn):
trnh tnh trng s dng bn quyn ca ngi khc trong mua bn sn phm hoc trong hp
ng gia cng, iu khon ny a vo hp ng nhm rng buc cc bn tun th php lnh v
bn quyn v c trch nhim vi nhau khi thc hin hp ng.

Article 21 Termination of the contract

(iu 21 Chm dt hp ng):
Mt s trng hp c thi gian thc hin hp ng di (v d c nhng hp ng gia cng thc
hin trong 5 7 nm) thng phi c iu khon ny rng buc trch nhim cc bn cho ti
khi NB, ngi cung cp dch v hon thnh tt ngha v ca mnh. V vy, cc bn nn thng
nht vi nhau v thi gian v iu kin chm dt hp ng.
Cc bn c th Download Mu hp ng nhp khu my mc (Ting Vit) y:
Mediafire Link:
Download Mu hp ng nhp khu my mc (Ting Vit)
Cc bn c th Download Mu hp ng xut khu iu (English Ting Vit) y:
Mediafire Link:
Download Mu hp ng xut khu iu (English Ting Vit)

Link: http://xuatnhapkhauvietnam.com/cac-dieu-khoan-trong-hop-dong-mua-ban-quocte.html#ixzz27Fh0KrNP