INTRODUCTION

IT HAS BEEN ALMOST 68 YEARS SINCE THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN.

IN THIS HUGE SPAN OF TIME PAKISTAN HAS THREE MILITARY
DICTATORSHIPS AND FOUR DEMOCRATIC ERAS.
BUT STILL THE DEBATE EXISTS THAT WHICH IS BEST FOR
PAKISTAN???

DEMOCRACY
OR
DICTATORSHIP??

TOPIC:
Dictatorship vs
democracy in Pakistan in
the light of economic
indicators

WHAT IS DICTATORSHIP
A government controlled by one person, or a
small group of people. The dictator(s) may
also take away much of its peoples' freedom.
Dictatorship refers to an autocratic form of
absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by
law, constitution , or other social and political
factors within the state.

DICTATORS UP TILL NOW WHO RULED

PAKISTAN
FROM 1958 - 2008

General Ayub
Khan from 1958
to 1969

General
Muhammad Yahya
Khan from
1969 to 1971

General
Muhammad Zia-ulHaq from
1977 to 1988

General Pervez
Musharraf from
1999 to 2008

FIRST DICTATOR ERA AYUB KHAN

1958 TO 1969
ECONOMIC CONDITION OF PAKISTAN:
COUNTRY WAS IN TOTAL DISARRAY.
HAD NO ECONOMIC WEAPON IN THEIR ARMORY TO

FIGHT THE BATTLE OF ITS RECOVERY.

GROWTH RATE OF 11 YEARS (1959-70) WAS AS HIGH

AS 6.25%.
CREATED AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE PRIVATE

SECTOR WAS ENCOURAGED TO ESTABLISH MEDIUM

AND SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES IN PAKISTAN.

FIRST DICTATOR ERA AYUB KHAN

1958 TO 1969

ECONOMIC CONDITION OF PAKISTAN:

OPENED UP AVENUES FOR NEW JOB
OPPORTUNITIES, THE ECONOMIC GRAPH OF THE
COUNTRY STARTED RISING.
HE WAS THE FIRST PAKISTANI RULER WHO
ATTEMPTED TO BRING IN LAND REFORMS BUT THE
IDEA WAS NOT IMPLEMENTED PROPERLY.
LABOR, LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS
WERE ALSO INTRODUCED DURING HIS REGIME.

Growth rate was as

high as 6.25%.

GDP PEAKS (MAXIMUM GROWTH)

YEAR

GDP

1953
1964
1969
1984

10.22
9.38
9.79
8.71

2004

8.96

PRESIDENT
AYUB KHAN
(1962-1969)
ZIA UL HAQ
(1978-1988)
PERVEZ
MUSHARRAF
(2000-2007)

GDP DIPS (MINIMUM GROWTH)

YEAR

GDP

PRESIDENT

1959

0.88

ISKANDAR MIRZA

1970

1.23

YAHYA KHAN

1996

1.90

FAROOQ LAGHARI

1999-2000

1.96

RAFIQ TARAR

2008-2009

1.21

ASIF ZARDARI

SECOND DICTATOR YAHYA KHAN

1969 TO 1971

THIRD DICTATOR ZIA-UL-HAQ

1977 TO 1988

FOURTH DICTATOR PERVEZ MUSHARRAF

2001- 2008

GDP (AVG)

7.1

7.1

6.4
4.65

3.66

5.8
4.78

4.21
3.35

1.77

3.01

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON GDP OF

DIFFERENT
ERAS
UNDER THE RULE
OF ZIA-UL-HAQ FOR
THE PERIOD OF TEN YEAR THE GDP
OF PAKISTAN WAS ON THE INCREASING TREND. DURING THE TEN YEARS OF
ZIA-UL-HAQS RULE THE GDP OF PAKISTAN INCREASED BY 154% WHILE THE
AVERAGE GDP GROWTH RATE WAS 6.5%.

DURING THIS TWO YEARS RULE OF MOHTARMA BENAZIR BHUTTO IT IS

OBSERVED THAT THE GDP OF PAKISTAN DECLINED BY 2% GDP GROWTH
RATE ALSO DECLINED BY 10%.

THE THREE YEARS RULED BY PML(N) AND MIAN NAWAZ SHARIF SHOW

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON GDP OF

DIFFERENT ERAS

DURING THE RULE MUSHARRAF IN 8 YEARS THERE WAS A MASSIVE

INCREASE IN GDP BY 120%.
IN THE GOVERNMENT OF ASIF ALI ZARDARI, GDP ROSE EXTRA-ORDINARY IN
A DECREASING MANNER BUT AFTER SOME YEAR AND GDP BECOMES
STABLE AT 3.7%.

ANALYSTS PORTRAY THE 2008-2013 GDP GROWTH AS PAKISTANS LOWEST.

(WORLD BANK DATABASES SHOW THAT GROWTH WAS ACTUALLY SLIGHTLY
LOWER DURING 1997-2002 UNDER SHARIF AND MUSHARRAF.)

INFLATION

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON INFLATION OF

DIFFERENT ERAS

Under Zias rule, the data of

inflation shows that that the in
this ten year rule the average
inflation rate/year was 7%
while in these ten years a
negative growth of 13% can
be seen in the observed.

Under PPPP governance, there

was an increase in the inflation
and inflation during those two
years increased by 15%.

The inflation in musharaf rule was

very well controlled except for 2008
when the rate of inflation was
increased to 20% while the average
inflation rate per year during his
rule was 7%.
In Asif Zardaris era, inflation
increased in extra ordinary
manners for first two years and
after that it showed some sort of
stableness.
Thepositive thing about Nawaz
Shareef government was that the

UNEMPLOYMENT

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON
UNEMPLOYMENT OF DIFFERENT
IN ZIAS RULE,THE UNEMPLOYMENT INCREASED FOR FEW YEARS BUT THEN IT WAS
ERAS
WELL CONTROLLED AND IN HIS RULE THE UNEMPLOYMENT DECREASED BY THE 1%
AS COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS GOVERNMENT.
IN THE PERIOD OF MOHTARMA BENAZIR BHUTTO, THE UNEMPLOYMENT IN
PAKISTAN DECREASED BY 18%.
THE AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT DURING PML(N) GOVERNMENT RATE WAS 5.1%
WHICH IS MUCH GREATER COMPARED TO THE PPP GOVERNMENT.
UNDER MUSHARAFS RULE, THOUGH THE UNEMPLOYMENT INCREASED FOR FEW
YEARS BUT THEN IT WAS WELL CONTROLLED AND IN HIS RULE THE UNEMPLOYMENT
DECREASED BY THE 1% AS COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS GOVERNMENT.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON
UNEMPLOYMENT OF DIFFERENT
ERAS
The unemployment rate under Asif Zardaris government increased to 6.5%
and according to express news turbine survey, it was said that one out of
every 10 people of the country are suffering from unemployment. The
unemployment rate in urban areas of Pakistan increased by 2% to 10.1%,
whereas, the unemployment rate in rural areas increased from 4.3% to 5%.

ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON ELECTRICITY

PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT ERAS: ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION DURING ZIA-UL-HAQS ERA INCREASED BY 200% IN THE
TEN YEARS WHICH SHOWS THAT ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION WAS GIVEN MUCH
PREFERENCE BY HIM.
THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITYIN BENAZIR REIGN
BUT ONLY BY 8%.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN NAWAZ SHAREEFS GOVERNMENT INCREASED BY 23%
WHICH WAS A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCED.
THE INCREASE IN THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION DURING MUSHARAF RULE WASNT
THAT EFFECTIVE BECAUSE IN THE PERIOD OF EIGHT YEARS IT ONLY INCREASED BY
30%.
IN ASIF ZARDARIS RULE, THE GOVERNMENT HADNT PAY ANY SORT OF ATTENTION
IN POWER SECTOR, THAT IS WHY THE PRODUCTION REMAINED ALMOST SAME.

CONCLUSION
IF WE CONSIDER GDP AS THE FACTOR FOR EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENTS THEN
DICTATORSHIP PROVES A BETTER OPTION.
THE SECOND ECONOMIC INDICATOR USED IN THIS REPORT IS ELECTRICITY
PRODUCTION WHICH ALSO INDICATES THE HIGHEST GROWTH RATES IN THE TERMS OF
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION WAS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF MUSHARAF AND ZIA-ULHAQ THEREFORE THIS FACTOR ALSO SUPPORTS DICTATORSHIP.
OUR THIRD ECONOMIC INDICATOR IN IN THIS REPORT IS INFLATION AND IT ALSO
INDICATES THAT THE INFLATION RATES WERE LOW AND CONTROLLED UNDER THE
GOVERNMENTS OF MUSHARAF AND ZIA AS COMPARED TO GOVERNMENT OF PPP AND
PML(N) THEREFORE THIS FACTOR ALSO SUPPORTS DICTATORSHIP AS A BETTER FORM
OF GOVERNMENT.
UNEMPLOYMENT IS THE FOURTH ECONOMIC FACTOR WHICH WE HAVE USED TO
EVALUATE GOVERNMENTS IN THE PAST THIRTY YEARS AND THIS ALSO SHOWS THAT
THE UNEMPLOYMENT WAS LEAST DURING THE RULE OF ZIA-UL-HAQ WHILE MUSHARAF
HAD THE HIGHEST UNEMPLOYMENT RATES SO THERE IS LITTLE EDGE FOR DEMOCRACY
FOR MAINTAINING UNEMPLOYMENT RATE.

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TRENDS IN GDP GROWTH RATES

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

GDP
AGRICUTURE
INDUSTRY
MANUFACTURING
SERVICES