How to name in a structured way:

First, decide which is the principal functional group. If there is more than
onefunctional group refer to the table below. The higher up the table, the more
principal it is. All other functional groups (if there are any) will be listed as a
substituent (prefix).
List of groups by priority:
Group
Formula

Prefix

Suffix

Carboxylic acids
Esters
Acid halide
Nitriles
Aldehydes
Ketones

------Cyanooxooxo-

-oic acid
(R)...oate
-oyl halide
-nitrile
-al
-one

Alcohols

hydroxy-

-ol

Amines

amino-

-amine

The following only other come as prefixes:

Characteristic group

Prefix
BromoChloroFluoroIodoNitro-

Examples:
1.
Principal group:
Parent hydride:

-ol
Pentane

Parent hydride + principal

group:

Pentan-2-ol

Alkene? Alkyne?:
Compound name:

alkene
Pent-4-en-2-ol

-en-

2.
Principal group:
Parent hydride:

-one
Heptane

Parent hydride + principal

group:
Substituent:
Compound name:

Heptan-2one
Hydroxy7-Hydroxyheptan-2-one