Modularity outside the

computer Industry
Modularity is used to make manufacturing of
complicated products easier.
E.g. – car
Modularity is not only used in manf. But also in
consumption.
E.g.- making of bed
If modularity brings so many advantages
then why aren’t all products fully modular?
Modular system are much more difficult to design.
Designers of modular systems must know inner
working of overall product or process.
Advancement in material science and other field

Advancement in computing industry

Concurrent improvement in financial market
Automobile industry has observed change
- reduce the cost
- innovation and improved quality
• e.g- Mercedes- Benz
volkswagen in truck maufacturing
Core strength of Volkswagen
Manufacturing or assembling is not the core strength
of Volkswagen.
Architecture of the production process and interfaces
between cells is its core strength
Quality standards and testing of module
Benefits of Modulation
Modulation decrease cost and increase value/quality.

Modulation leads to competition

It leads to experimentation and innovation

Shift responsibilities to suppliers

Trends in automotive suppliers
Organization are consolidating their industry around
particular module
E.g.- Lear Seatting corp., Magna International
Trying to become the leader in car interiors.
Modulation In Service Sector
Modulation is most observed in financial services
process is broken down and specified to expert one.
E.g- Fidelity