Ch.

5 Pore Pressures and

Fracture Pressures

Terminology - Formation Pore

Pressures

Pore Pressure
P-Z Diagrams
Pore Pressure Gradient
Overbalance
Underbalance
Normal Pressure Gradient
Abnormal Pressures

Pore Pressure Profiles

Overbalance

Typical Pressures

Normal Pressures

Overpressure

Underpressure

Importance of Pore Pressures

Underbalance
Borehole Collapse
Influx

Overbalance
Low ROP
Formation Fracture
Differential Sticking

Origin of Overpressure
Overpressure

Incomplete Sediment Compaction

Faulting
Phase Changes
Massive Rocksalt Deposition
Salt Diaperism
Tectonic Compression
Repressuring
Hydrocarbon Generation

Origin of Subnormal Pressures

Sub normal Pressure

Thermal Expansion
Formation Foreshortening
Depletion
Precipitation
Potentiometric Surface
Epeirogenic Movements

Uncompacted
Sands

Formation Foreshortening

Piezometric Surface

Acquifers

Pore Pressures

Abnormally Pressured Sands

Transition Zone
Shale Caprock
Salt Caprock

Transition
Zones

Formation Fracture Pressure

Mechanism of Breakdown
Leak-off Test/Limit Test
Procedure
Maximum Mudweight

Maximum ECD
MAASP

Calculating Fracture Pressure

Fracture Pressure

Leak Off Test

Fracture Test

Leak Off Test

Limit Test

Mechanism of Breakdown

Leak Off Test

Regional Faulting

Poissons
Ratio

HPHT
Wells