Number System 1. wv In the following list. which are irrational numbers? 1 r 0.45, 5, v3, V6, m, 06, Y27, 4/36 Express the following fractions as recurring decimals. 2 5 5 29 z &) a ©) oe @ 3B 7 5 u 1B Ts O @ 3 © y 13 . 4 27 OF Express each of the following as a decimal and indicate whether it is recurring or non-recuring, @ ©) @ @) ) © 4 13 1 7 4 1B 1 a 2 3 ©) x0 © é @ 3 9 13 11 61 z oO 8 @ ie (a) oo 7 a 59 i © Which of the following numbers are rational? @ = 1-y2 @ x Gi) 3° ‘When p and q are two different isrational numbers. p x q can be rational. Write down one example to show this. ‘Write down a fraction which is equal to the recurring decimal 0.03636Prime Factors 1. Which of the numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 are prime factors of the following numbers? (a) 189 (b) 264 © 490 @ 770 (© 165 () 288 (@) 2873 (a) 2310 (i) 3640 (i) 6006 (kK) 1925 @ 1815 3. Express the following numbers as products of prime numbers. (a) 150 (b) 60 (©) 72 (a) 144 (ce) 315 210 (g) 284 (bh) 180 4. Find the highest common factor of the following. (a) 16and 24 (b) 45 and 63 (©) 36 and 70 (d) 90 and 126 (©) 42. 66 and 78 (84,98 and 154 (g) 189 and 84 (h) 315 and 720 () 616 and 392 @ 560, 140and224—(k)_—«:132, 156 and 180 (1)_—«525, 1400 and 315 6. (a) _ Express the following numbers as products of their prime factors. @ 2 i) 80 (b) Two cars go round a race track. The first car takes 1 minute 12 seconds to complete a circuit and the second car takes 1 minute 20 seconds. They start level. Find the length of time before they are next level with one another. (SEG) 7. (a) — Write 18 as the product of its prime factors. (b) What is the least common multiple (LCM) of 12 and 18? (AOA)Index Notation Exercises 1. Find @ * ® & Use your answers to find © 36 @® vi 2. Find @ *¥ ®) 4 Use your answers to find © 27 (® ~V1000 3. Find (@) 10° @) 2? © * oO # oO 8s @Q 0 6. Find @ +4 (&) 3?-2? © -3 ® 4+23 Write each of the following using index notation. (@ 4x4x4ax4xa © 6x6x6x6x6x6x6 © 18x1sx18 (@) 4x4K4x4x4K4 @ 10x10 x 10x 10 x 10 x 10 Find the value of each of the following. @® x ow) st © © % © 3 @) ® 8s OQ # wo © (2) © ) @ © @®) oO 7 au r @ ?P va @) V25 eo (@ 10° 216 a) V64 4a @ 7 P a 7 o oO 2 10°+4 @ +4 Pie () 6+8 3x3x3 Tx7xTxT 19x19 TXTXTXTXT 100 100 x 100 x 100 x 100 @ 10° @ 2 QO *Fill in the missing numbers. (a) 2’x2*=2? @ xraa @ ?x4'=a® Q MaMa? (m) 4x44" © Cc) ® © @ @ © 8=2) 27=3 gi=3° @ (© 3x37 =3" @ Fxv=s 16=2" as 125=?° Simplify the following expressions, giving your answer in index notation. (rs ( #x37=7 Fill in the missing numbers. @ 452 o @ 64=2 © (@) 64-4 a @ 3 x3%= (b) @ x x3t= © (@) 3+37= (h) 12 ® Ss © 2xIW= © © @ oO x 4oa 2 x2t= Simplify the following, giving your answers in index form. ® = ) @ (f= ©) @® (= on) Fill in the missing numbers. @ (@yf=2 © @ (sf=s © ey bys (sy ey =2" (108) = 10% @ @ © 6 ey = w="1. Without using a calculator, find the value of each of the following. ® 27 © 6 @ (a) 49 (1007 @ 323 (m) 27? @ 4° me ® () wy 32% @ (2) 16 @ 36 @) © @) @ @) ® «Fo sit (0) 10007 4a (81° 83 (w) 9% 16 18 1 8? @) 32° 167225 What is the value of each of the following expressions? Do not use a calculator. ' » ( © «Gy Express each of the following in index form. © @)! © bw) a(t oe © (9 © @ (@f ® a? @ oat 4 + (3) a’xa? xa’ (bk) (#) © @ @ oO @ (oF @ (ey? (28) (J 23439 781x139 0 (@ y*4. Solve the following equations for x. (@) @ @ @ () @) 3° =81 (b) T =49 (e) x =27 (h) $x? = 48 (k) 5x3 = 320 (n) xiss @ Standard Form 4 = 64 2* = 32 = 64 3xi = 24 yieg 2*=1 (se) 5* =125 () 2° =64 @ x»=32 @ = 4x*=324 1. Write the following numbers in standard form, 4 x 10", where 1S 4<10 and nis an integer. (a) @ (g) @ (m) ®) @) (d) () @ (a) @) 4000 (b) 50 ©) 236 (a) 0.007 ) 2 million (a) 23.006 @ 3.210" (b) 5.632 x 10° © 3.612 x 107? @) 7.124 x 1073 (k) 325x 1077 (@) 2.75 x 108 @ 560 4213 2360 0.1007 0.1 million 470.3 Express the following in ordinary notation. 4.67 x 10° 6.72 x 104 147x107 65.3 x 10-4 6.183 x 10~ 2.75 x 103 2 (©) 700000 (® 2700 @ 0.12 (@ 0.000 12 (0) 562.005 (®) 0.003 002 () 1.30x10! @® 124x103 @ 65.3 x107 @ 134107 (0) 99.9 x 10° () 4.216 x 1077gt State whether or not the following numbers are in standard form. If not, rewrite them in standard form. (a) 2.157 x 107! (b) 42.76 x 107 (ce) 5.672 x10? (d) (0.782 x 1073 (©) 516x107 (2.17 «10? (g) 82.71 x107 (a) 0.01 x10? @ = 89x10° Without using a calculator, work out the following calculations. Express your answers in standard form. (a) (28x10) +(3 x 10°) (b) (©) (63x10) +(837x104) (a) (@) (4x 10°) « (2 x 107) @® (@ (8x10*) +(4 x10") (a) @ (63x10?) x(2 x 10°) ) () (6.4108) + (1.6 x 10°) a (m) (2.5108) x(4x 10") (a) (0) (81078) x (2x10) (p) 2.8 x 10°) — (3 x 10°) 9.7 x 10") + (0.3 x 10°) 5 x 10*) x (3 x 107) 1.5 x 10°) x (2 x 10°) 8.4 x 10°) + (2.1 10°) 3.4 x 10-4) x (2 x 10°) 2.4 x10-*) x(5 x10?) ( ( ( ( (9 x 10) + (3 x10") ( ( ( The radius of a circular microorganism is 2.8 x 1077em. Calculate the circumference and area of the micro-organism, giving your answer in standard form. Evaluate each of the following expressions, giving your answers in standard form. (@) 6.399 7.84 (be) 16.3*- 3.656 © 781x107 - 0.137 (d) 63x 10% x 8.91" (©) 9.94 x10 +Estimating Answers 1. Express each of the following correct to 3 significant figures: (a) 96.63 (b) 316.5 () 1.9405 @ 0.004.681 (©) 30.92 © 0.000 604s (@ 0.040.713 (hy) s.984 @ 26.98 2. Write each of the following correct to the number of significant figures (s.f.) indicated. (a) 308.637 (4s.£) (bt) o0998 (is£) © 42065 sf) (@ 0.004307 @s.f) 3. Write 13.004 72 correet to (a) Sed (b+) 4s.£ (©) 2sé. Calculator 1. Use a calculator to evaluate each of the following: (a) 480 — 96 +15 (b) 4059 + 1353 x11 (ce) $33 + 118 — 227 (ad) (251+ 696) x 15 (©) (1283 — 694) = (12 +19) @ 241. x (270 — 121) + (129 +112) (g) 77175 +[(17 +18) x (78 — 57)] (h) [33350 + (290 x 115) + 798] + (869 — 70) 2. Foreach of the following expressions, (a) _ evaluate, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places: (b) express each number correct to the nearest whole number and give an estimate to check your calculations. @ 464+3.9x22 (i) (4.6 +3.9) x 22 (ii) 3.3.x 25 x 0.6125 (iv) 42x 08-16 x12 11x12 ©) (i) (OA 43.67) +19 LS? x 3.1Fractions, Decimals and Percentages 1. Convert each of the following percentages to fractions, giving your answers in their simplest form. (a) 10% (b) 80% © 90% @ 5% © 25% (15% () 35% (h) 38% G) 4% @ 12% (82% Q = 74% Convert each of the following percentages to decimals. (a) 32% (b) 50% © 34% (@) 20% () 15% (81% (2) 4% (h) 3% @ 7% G) 18% (75% @ 73% Convert the following decimals to percentages. f@) 05 (b) 0.74 © 035 @ 0.08 (©) OL (0.52 (@ 08 () 0.07 @ 0.04 @ 018 ® o4 @® 03 Convert the following fractions to percentages. 1 7 1 3 @ > oO FD © = @ | 1 9 4 4 of @ @ 4 w 4 8 » 7 7 2 o = @ > wo sz o 2 . 2 ? 16 (2) Complete the equation f"RtF 7 (b) Change x0 to a percentage.Find (a) 10% of 200 (b) 50% of £5 (©) 20% of &8 (d) 25% of £100 (©) 40% of £500 (© 90% of 200 (g) 334% of £12 (h) 75% of 800 (75% of 1000 (i) 80% of 20kg (i) 70% of Ske (30% of S0kg (m) 5% of 100 m (a) 20% of 30m (0) 25% of £30 Find (@) oF 80 2 cf20 © +eF90 5 4 3 @ toF360 © soris0 © Lors00 4 3 10 A fim decides to give 20% extra free in their packets of soap powder. How much extra soap powder would be given away free with packets which normally contain (a) 2kgof powder (b) 1.2 kg of powder? A house costs £30 000. A buyer is given a 10% discount. How much money does the buyer save? John has invested £500 in a building society. He gets 5% interest each year. How much interest does he get in a year? Karen bought an antique vase for £120. Two years later its value had increased by 25%. What was the new value of the vase? Ahmed wants to buy a new carpet for his house. The cost of the carpet is £240. One day the carpet shop has a special offer of a 25% discount. How much money does he save by using this offer? When Wendy walks to school she covers a distance of 1800 m. One day she discovers a short cut which reduces this distance by 20%. How much shorter is the new route? Chen cams £30 per week from his part-time job. He is given a $% pay tise. How much extra does he eam each week?Express each of the following as percentages. (@) Sout of 50 (b) 3 out of 25 (© Sout of 20 (@) Bout of 10 (©) Gout of 50 (® Gout of 40 @ Wout of so (ht) Sout of 30 @ 27 out of 30 @ 120 outof 300k) S4outof200—()._—-260 ont of 400 (m) 28 out of 70 (a) 18 out of 60 (0) Sl outof 60 Tn a class of 25 children there are 10 girls, What pereentage of the class are girls, and what percentage are boys? The price of a bar of chosolate is 2p and includes Sp profit. Express the profit as a percentage of the price The value of a house is £40 000 and the value of the contents is £3 200. Express the contents value as a percentage of the house value. Tn the crowd at a football match there were 28 000 Manchester United supporters and 22 000 Tottenham supporters. What percentage of the erowd supported each team? A school won a prize of £2000. The staff spent £1600 on a new computer and the rest on software. What percentage of the money was spent on software? A baby weighed 5.6 kg and six weeks later her weight had increased to 6.8 kg. Find the percentage increase. A factory produces video tapes at a cost of 88p and sells them for £1.10. Find the percentage profit. Anew car cost £11 500 and one year later it was sold for £9995. Find the percentage reduction in the value of the car. An investor bought some shares at a price of £4.88 each. The price of the shares dropped to £3.96. Find the percentage loss. A supermarket offers a £10 discount to all customers spending £40 or more. Karen spends £42.63 and John spends £78.82. Find the percentage saving for Karen and John.Kathy earned £30 000 in 1991. Her tax allowance was £3295. She did not pay tax on this amount of her income. On a further £2570 of her income she did not pay tax, because she paid this amount into a pension scheme. She paid tax on the rest of her income. (a) How much of her income was taxable? She paid tax at 25% on the first £23 700 of her taxable income. She paid tax at 40% on the rest of her taxable income. (b) Calculate the total amount of tax that she paid in 1991. Surds. Multiplying Surds. A. 1). 5). Express these surds in the form avb. 1). WW 2). 27 3). V20. 4). = B25) 80 6). 44 7. 75 8). N72 9). 45 10). VI08 11). V28 12). VI25 13). V245 14). -VI192 15). -V405 16). VII2 17). V63 18). VI80. 19). -Y99_— 20). 48. Express each of the following as the square root of a single number. 2 2. 25 3). 6V2 4). 4v5 5). 3N3 2v3_ 7). SVS 8). 2 9). 6v3 10). SII 11). 9V3 12). 1OV7 13). SVS 14). HV3) 15). 156 Work out the follow Leave the answer in surd form where appropriate. 1). V3xV6 2). V6 xV2 3). VIOxVS 4). V8xV5 5). V10x v2 6). V3xV3 7). V2xV8 8). Vidx¥2 9). V2xV9 10). VSx VIS 11). V3xV8 12). VSxV5_ 13). V2x VI8 14). V6x V6 15). V5 x ¥30 2N7 x 432). 5 x 3BV2 3). NB X33 4). SVB x TVD 4V2 x SV2 6). V3 x OVS 7). VB x SVS 8). 2N3 x 38ing Surds. Work out the following. Simplify where possible. 1). V10 +V2 2). \20 +V5 3). VISO0 +V3 4). YOO V2 5). 6). V42 +177). V5 1 11). 80 + V5 12). V588 + V72 + 16 10). 126 . 320 + 1. VIS + 2V3- 2). 14V3 + 7N3 3). 8N6 20V15 + 4V5 5). 10V2. + 2V2 6). 1SV7 = 3N7 7) 10V30 + 18V32 = 3V8 Mixed Questions. A Work out the following. Simplify where possible 1). (v2)° 2). (V3) 3). (12) 4). (V3) 5). sy 6). V2 7). VTP 8). (2N3° 9). V2 10). (23) 11). (2V5~ 12). (SV3)>_ 13). 25° 14). BVO 15). (3V5)° B. Given that V2 = 1.41, V3 = 1.73 and V5 = 2.24 find the values of each of the following: I. VIS 2). VB 3). 484). VIZ 5), 75 6). 20 7). 328). -V27, 9). VSO. 10). V5 1). 72 12). -VO8— 13). VIO8- 14). -V80 15). VIDS Rationalise means make the denominator a rational number. Rationalise D. 3 2. I 3. 2b 4). 8 5). 2 \3 \5 7 N2 V6 6). 1 7) 1 8). 1 9. 2 10). 9 N3 V2 v5 N3 VIS Wy. 2h 12). 83). 2 4) DS). 30, Vo VI8 V5 Vo N75 16). NI2 17). N12 18). 3N2 19). 3NZ 20). ANS V50 V3 V10 N21 20 21). _1 22). _1 23). 4 24). _6 25). 4 5412 13-12 A745 VI3-\7 V5 +13 2). 1 7, 4 ®% 2 W. 6 %). 6 V342 VIH-3 \743 13-2 124-16Arithmetic with Negative Numbers L v ‘What is the value of (a) +4 (b) 2-4 © (3)x2 @ -7-(-2) @ 4x@) @® (-)x(-4) (g) (a) (C15) +5 @ (15) +65) @ (12) +4 (i) (-10) + (-5) QM 4+) (m) 6* (7) (n) (-8) x (-4) (0) 8-2) @) ©) +3 (@ — -10 ~(-12) (10) x (12) Calculate the value of each of the following expressions (first evaluate the expressions inside the brackets). (@) (-6-(-2))x(-5) ® (7-3) +) © (4+7)x(4-7) @ (5-(-2)x(-5) @ (10-(-5))+ 2)) () (10+ (10) x (4 = 2) @ (7*(-3)«(5-2) (a) ((-12) + 4) x (15 + (-3))