ME 401: Internal Combustion Engines

BUET

Questions of last 6 years (04-99 Batch)

Reference Books:

O = Obert
(http://books.google.com/books?id=y9dSAAAAMAAJ&q=obert&dq=obert&ei=p6SnS4SyOIjIMsjUgdMH&
cd=1)

H = Hillier
(http://books.google.com/books?id=2_QQtv4pFoIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false)

G = Gupta
(http://books.google.com/books?id=MFx4VRErHNoC&lpg=PR1&dq=obert&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q=ober
t&f=false)

P = Pulkrabek
(http://books.google.com/books?id=_uZSAAAAMAAJ&q=Pulkrabek&dq=Pulkrabek&ei=v6WnS_enNaHW
NKfarJgH&cd=1)

G = Ganesan
(http://books.google.com/books?id=WLdcxNvWB2wC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false)

Heywood
(http://books.google.com/books?id=u9FSAAAAMAAJ&q)
Construction
1. *Sketch a sectional view of a one-cylinder 4-stroke cycle petrol engine and show its major
components and main geometric parameters.
2. What do you mean by VVTi? How is it accomplished?
3. Difference between Dry type and wet type cylinder liners.
4. What do you mean by Piston offset? Why is it done?
5. What are the different ways of mounting and driving the valve train in an engine? Show with
sketches.
6. *Enumerate different viewpoints of classifying an internal combustion engine and discuss.
7. Describe the functions of piston rings with proper sketches.
8. *Briefly explain the valve timing diagram and valve overlap.
9. Give a sketch to show the sequence of events in a four stroke CI engine operating cycle and
analyze the various significant characteristics.[H]
10. Sketch a sectional view of a one cylinder diesel engine and label various components.
Engine Sub Systems
1. Briefly explain how the noise in the exhaust system is minimized by using a silencer.
2. What are the difference between a turbocharger and a supercharger?
3. With a block diagram show how lubricating oil is circulated in the engine.
4. **What do you mean by spark advance? How is it accomplished in a typical SI engine?
5. *What is hall generator?
6. Mention different types of filters used in an engine.
7. Briefly explain the functions performed by lubricating oil in an internal combustion engine.
8. Why is lubrication important in internal combustion engine?[functions]
9. *Briefly describe with sketches how a crankshaft is lubricated in an internal combustion engine.
10. Give a sketch of an electronic ignition system.
11. Define Crankcase ventilation and Crankcase dilution.
12. How can you identify the intake and exhaust manifolds of a typical IC engine?
Fuel Supply System
1. Define A/F ratio and Equivalence ratio [G65]. Compare the AF ratio ranges in which SI and CI
engines are typically operated. [G513]
2. Briefly explain why different ranges of AF ratio are used for an SI engine and a CI engine. [G513]
3. Discuss the air fuel ratio requirements of a petrol engine over the range from no load to full
load.
4. *Explain with appropriate graphs why a simple carburetor cannot meet the engine
requirements. [H87]
5. Distinguish between SI fuel injection (including GDI system) and CI fuel injection.[Note-self]
6. Explain with neat sketches, how “Fuel metering” is achieved in the common rail system of CI
injection. [G312]
7. Compare the performance of TBI and MPI fuel systems used in SI engines.[G297]
8. Define Multi Venturi [G279] and Multi barrel carburetors. [H97]
9. Briefly explain the function of a choke valve in modern carburetors. [G270]
10. Draw a schematic of the main metering system with air-bleed compensation in a modern
carburetor and explain how it works. [H88]
11. *Define an expression for the A/F ratio of a simple carburetor and list all assumptions.[G266]
12. What are the prime objectives of fuel metering in CI engines?[Class lec/G306]
13. *What are the functional requirements of the injection system of a CI engine? Describe working
principle with proper sketches.[Class lec/G206]
14. ***Give a sectional view of Bosch pump and describe its operating principle from zero to full
load.[G314]
15. Note down the functions of a nozzle in fuel injector. Draw necessary sketches to explain the
various types of nozzles.[Class lec/O445]
16. What do you mean by a closed nozzle? What are the advantages? Explain why VOP does not
equal the VCP in a closed nozzle. What are the typical values of VCP/VOP for commercial
nozzles? [Class lec/O445]
17. Define Stratified charge combustion.[G563]
Fuel
1. What do you understand by “Reid Vapor Pressure” of a SI engine? [G242 / O273]
2. **What are the important fuel characteristics from the viewpoints of SI engine
performance?[G239]
3. Describe in short the procedure for the construction of the ASTM distillation curve. What is the
significance of this curve? / With the help of a neat sketch and relevant graph describe a simple
method for predicting the volatility of a multi-constituent fuel. [G240]
4. *Discuss Equilibrium Air Distillation (EAD) with relevant sketches. [O257]
5. *What is natural gasoline? [O230] Will natural gasoline form gum? Explain.[O273]
6. Distinguish between natural gasoline and straight run gasoline.[O230]
7. Distinguish between natural straight run and cracked fuels.[O230]
8. Name the constituents of crude petroleum.[G231][Batch-99]
9. Write down what you know about carbon residue and ash content of a fuel. [Batch-99]
10. Discuss the important qualities of an SI engine fuel (15 marks). [Class Lec]
11. Why presence of Sulfur is objectionable in SI and CI engine? [O273]
Combustion
1. **What do you understand by “ignition delay”? Compare ignition delay phase in a CI and a SI
engine. (Only CI in 04-05) [G203,G160,P139]
2. *Define knocking. Why is it undesirable for an engine? [Class lec]
3. How do you specify the knock rating of a SI engine fuel? [G251]
4. **Compare knocking exhibited in a SI engine and a CI engine. [G214]
5. *Explain what is meant by octane rating of 80 and a cetane rating of 60.[Class lec]
6. Briefly explain the factors influencing knocking in SI and CI engines. [Class lec]
7. *Define Fuel sensitivity. [G252]
8. Give and outline of combustion process in CI engine and compare with that of an SI engine.
[Class lec]
9. Name the main factors that control the flame speed in an SI engine. [G148]
10. Define an “Indicator Diagram”. How can you trace the indicator diagram of a real engine?
[P45+class lec]
11. Compare the indicator diagrams of a real SI engine and that of an air-standard otto-Cycle. Briefly
explain the reasons of difference between the two.[Class lec]
12. What is Fuel-Air Cycle? How does it differ from an actual engine cycle? [G106]
Performance
1. Air motion- Swirl [G199], Tumble. [Class lec]
2. Define supercharging and turbocharging. [P190]
3. Draw P-V diagrams for ideal otto cycle for 1) untrottled 2) Throtolled and supercharged
operations.[Class Lec]
4. Compare power, torque and specific fuel consumption characteristics of a naturally aspired SI
engine with a turbocharged one. [G469]
5. *Define volumetric efficiency. [G458]
6. The Volumetric efficiency of an internal combustion engine is specified as 120%- what does it
signify? Briefly explain.[Class lec]
7. **Briefly state/Describe the factors that may influence the volumetric efficiency of an IC engine
(only speed in 04-05).[G459]
8. Show the power and torque characteristics of typical SI engine over its speed range and at WOT.
Briefly explain the nature of curves. /Show the variation of bsfc of SI engines at WOT [P57], with
increased engine speed. Briefly discuss the reasons responsible for its typical shape. [G509]
9. Briefly explain the typical characteristics of a variation of brake specific fuel consumption of a SI
engine over its speed range. [P57]
10. Define “Engine performance map”. What is its significance in controlling engine operation?
[G514/Heywood 439]
11. “A CI engine has better torque characteristics at part loads compared to a SI engine”- justify this
statement on the basis of torque speed characteristics of both engines. / Compare CI and SI
engine torque characteristics over speed range. [O483]
12. Define MEP of an internal Combustion engine. Briefly discuss its significance in engine design
and operation.[P49/O45]
13. Define Mechanical efficiency for an IC engine. Under what type of operating condition can it be
zero?[Class lec/P47]
14. **Define speed factor of an engine. Neither the rotative speed (rpm) nor the piston speed alone
is adequate to conclude the speediness of an engine. Discuss. / Significance. [Class lec + sir given
sheet]
15. Briefly explain the “Surge line” and the “Chocking” limits of the performance map of a typical air
compressor used for turbocharging. [Heywood 261]
16. What do you mean by spark advance? Briefly describe its necessity and the role it plays
regarding the engine performance.
17. Under what condition would you call two engines similar? Write down the relationship between
the speed and diameter of two similar engines. [Class lec]
18. What do you mean by derating of an engine? Why and how is it done? [Sessional]
19. Discuss the effects of engine size, speed, and ambient temperature. Pressure and spark timing
on engine performance. (Probably out of our syllabus)
Emission
1. *What do you understand by “light off” temperature of a catalytic converter? [P295] How can
the location of the catalytic converter in the exhaust line influence its performance? [P298]
2. Why is it necessary to use an electronic fuel injection system with a 3-way catalytic converter?
[Class lec]
3. Briefly describe the NOx control features used in IC engines. [3way catalytic converter] Why
different features may be needed for SI and CI engines?
4. Briefly explain the working principle of an Infra-red gas analyzer, used for measuring engine
emissions. [O347]
5. What is DPF? Briefly explain its working principle. [Class lec]
6. What do you understand by regeneration process of a DPF? What are the different ways by
which this can be done? [Class lec]
7. *Define/What do you understand by EGR? Why is it done? Advantages and limitations. [P304]
8. *Characterize the exhaust emissions from a typical SI engine as the richness of the intake
mixture changes. / Fuel-air equivalence ratio. [Class Lec]
9. How do you measure the CO and HC emissions from a spark ignition engine? Briefly
explain.[G541/G543]
10. **Identify major pollutants from a SI engine and a CI engine (relative quantity 03-04 ). Which of
the pollutants are related to “Acid Rain” [Class lec]
11. Briefly discuss about the post-engine devices used for controlling PM pollution from diesel
engines. How does PM pollution harm human health and environment?
12. Why presence of sulphur is objectionable in SI and CI engines? Explain.
13. Pollutant formation mechanism in a diesel engine (Probably out of Syllabus)