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The origin of the Moon

Its not clear how the Moon came to orbit our planet. It could be that,
passing near to our planet, the gravitational pull converted it into a satellite.
Perhaps they both formed at the same time in the primitive Solar System. Or
it could be the result of a collision between proto-Earth and another gigantic
object whose remains joined together after the collision, to form the Moon.
The last theory is the most accepted. Some German scientist have anasysed
rocks brought back by astronauts from the Apollo programme, in which they
found chemical remains of something different from the Earth, which must
have been the big object involved in the collision.
Alicia Rivera. EL PAIS, June 2014.

a.- What is the text about?

b.- What does proto-Earth mean?
c.- How do you think the Moon originated?
d.- What recent discoveries support your previous answer?
e.- The Moon is the Earths only natural satellite, but there are also artificial
satellites. Find out about them and explain their origin and use.