Arteries

Right common
carotid
Right
subclavian
Brachiocephalic

Left
common
carotid
Left
subclavian

Aortic
arch

Descending
aorta

Arteries

Right external
carotid
Right internal
carotid
Right common
carotid
Right
subclavian

Brachiocephalic

Major Arteries of Systemic Circulation

Figure 11.11
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Veins
Superior
vena cava
Pulmonary
veins
Cardiac
veins

Inferior
vena cava

Coronary
sinus

Veins

Right external
jugular
Right internal
jugular

Right
subclavian

Axillary
Brachiocephalic

Major Veins of Systemic Circulation

Figure 11.12
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Fetal
Circulation

Heart Valves

Figure 18.8a, b

Heart Valves

AV Valve Mechanics
Ventricles relax, pressure drops, semilunar
valves close, AV valves open, blood flows
from atria to ventricles
Ventricles contract, AV valves close
(papillary m. contract and pull on chordae
tendineae to prevent prolapse), pressure

rises, semilunar valves open, blood flows

into great vessels

Blood Flow Through Heart

Pathway of Blood Through the Heart

and Lungs
Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle
Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary arteries lungs
Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium
Left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle
Left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta
Aorta systemic circulation

Conduction pathway
Heart rate fluctuations
Sympathetic

Cardiac nerve
Norepinephrine
(Na+, Ca++ influx)

Parasympathetic

Vagus nerve
Acetycholine (K+ efflux)

Intrinsic Cardiac Conduction

System
Approximately 1% of cardiac muscle cells are
autorhythmic rather than contractile
75/min
40-60/min

30/min

Intrinsic
Conduction
System
Fungsi: inisiasi dan distribusi impuls
pada depolarisasi jantung serta
contraksi dimulai dari atrium ke
ventricel
SA node
AV node
Bundle of His
Bundle Branches
Purkinje fibers

Pulse
Pulse
pressure wave
of blood
Monitored at
pressure
points where
pulse is easily
palpated
Figure 11.16
Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings

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