Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan

climatologi?
Climate is what you expect. Weather is what
you get.
Satu percubaan climatologist untuk menemui
dan menerangkan kesan iklim supaya
masyarakat boleh merancang aktiviti-aktiviti,
mereka bentuk bangunan dan infrastruktur,
dan menjangka kesan keadaan buruk.
Walaupun iklim bukan cuaca, ia ditakrifkan
oleh terma yang sama , seperti suhu , hujan ,
angin, dan radiasi solar.

2) Komposisi dan struktur atmosfera mengikut lapisan yang berbeza.

LAPISAN

JARAK DARI
ARAS LAUT / [km]

Troposfera

0 - 15

Stratosfera

KANDUNGAN GAS
/ [%]
Nitrogrn -78,03
Oksigen - 20,99
Argon - 0,93
Asam arang - 0,03
Nenon - 0,0015
Helium-0,00015
Kripton -0,0001
hidrogen-0,00005
Xenon -0,000005

KETUMPATAN
UDARA/[kg m]

TEKANAN
ATMOSFERA /
[hPa]

FUNGSI

1 - 10

1000 - 10

Membekalkan
oksigen
- Fenomena cuaca dan
iklim terjadi
- Mengangungi wap air
dan karbon dioksida
terbanyak

15 - 50

10 - 10

10 0.1

- Terdapat lapisan ozon

- Berfungsi sebagai tirai
pelindung dari radiasi
ultraviolet

Mesosfera

50 - 80

10 - 10

0.1 0.01

Termosfera

80 - 480

10-10

0.01 0.001

- Memantulkan
pancaran radio
gelombang pendek
- Penggunaan
komunikasi radio
global.
- Pembakaran mateor
Memantul
gelombang radio ke
bumi

3) Ciri-ciri planet dalam sistem suria.

PLANET

DIAMETER

AROUND
SUN

ROTATION
ON AXIS

GAS

MOON/
SATELITE

WEIGHT OF
110-LB. (50
KG) KID

DISTANCE
FROM SUN

MERCURY

3.029 miles
(4.878 km)

88 days

59 days

Trace of argon,
neon, helium

41.0 lb. (18.5

kg)

36 million miles
(58 million km)

VENUS

7.515 miles
(12.102 km)

224 days, 17
hours

243 days

Carbon dioxide
(very thick)

97.0 lb. (44.0

kg)

67 million miles
(107 million
km)

EARTH

7.921 miles
(12.756 km)

365 days, 6
hours

1 day, 23 hours,
56 minutes

nitrogen.,
oksigen

110.0 lb. (50.0

kg)

93 million miles
(149 million
km)

MARS

4.218 miles
(6.792 km)

687 days, 23
hours

24 hours, 37
minutes

Carbon dioxide

42.0 lb. (19.0

kg)

140 million
miles (224
milion km)

11 years, 11
months

9 hours, 56
minutes

Hydrogen,
helium

At least 16

276.5 lb. (125.5

kg)

480 million
miles (768
million km)

JUPITER

SATURN

74.853 miles
(120,536km)

29 years, 5
months

10 hours, 39
minutes

Hydrogen,
helium

At least 16

118.0 lb.
(53.5kg)

890 million
miles (1,424
million km)

URANUS

31.744 miles
(51.118 km)

84 years

17 hours, 14
minutes

Hydrogen,
helium, methane

17

102.5 lb. (46.5

kg)

1,790 million
miles (2,848
million km)

NEPTUNE

30.757 miles
(49.528 km)

164 years

16 hours, 7
minutes

Hydrogen,
helium, methane

135.5 lb. (61.5

kg)

2,800 million
miles (4,480,000
km)

PLUTO

1.430 miles
(2.300 km)

284 years

6 days, 9 hours,
18 minutes

Possibly
nitrogen, carbon
dioxide, or
methane

5.5 lb (2.5 kg)

3,680 million
miles (5,872,000
million km)

RUJUKAN :
Barry, R. G., & Chorley, R. J.
(2009).Atmosphere, weather and climate.
Routledge.
Ahrens, C. D. (2012).Meteorology today: an
introduction to weather, climate, and the
environment. Cengage Learning.
http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/
WhatisClimatology.aspx