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    1 Chapter 1 Study Guide What isthe first recognizable cultural act of human beings? ity [A] eave painting {B] dancing, {C] stone tol making ID] mug weaving [E} writen language ‘The development, transmission, and transformation of eubural practices and events are the subject of [A] history [B} culture. [C} religion. [D} science [E] the humanities. Most early human acivity centered on [A] entertainment. [B} gathering food. [C] sequisition of wealth, [D] warfare with encroaching clans. [E] construction projets. What is the relationship between tool making and meat eating in the Stone Age? [A] The increase in meat eating is linked to ‘increased tool making. [B] There is no link setwoen meat eating ‘and too! making [C] The connection between tool making ‘and meat eating s not known, [D] The decrease in meat eating is linked to 1 decrease in tool making TE] The increase in meat eating is linked to a decrease in tol making. 5. Since the foraging lifestyle was not particularly unpleasant or hard, foragers had 2 great deal of time left for [A] finding new hunting grounds. [B} socializing toot making, and creating {C] dancing, [D] religion. TE} preparing for war 6. Which ofthe following is mor true about the transition to plan cultivation and animal domestication 10,000 years ago? [A] Itwas a great tuming point in history. {B] It was a gradual process. {C] ltwas duc to global climatic changes. {D} leas rapid and complet {E} It as caused by population ineesse. 7. The most efficent method of clearing land for agriculture was by using [A] stone seapers. [B] bronze tools [C] stone axes {D] draft animals [E] fre 8, Women played a majo role in the transition to crop cultivation because [A] they were the primary gatherers of wild plant foods. [B] only women lived very long in farming setlements [C] women were unsuited for heavier work [D] it’s easy to do agriculture and raise children at the same time, TE] since women did the cooking it was natural for them to grow the plants. Chapter 1 Study Guide 9. The earliest transition to agriculture was IA] in the Mediterranean, (B] in the Middle East IC] in Asia. [D] in Africa, {] in the Americas, 10. Swidden agriculture is aterm that deserbes [A] growing crops between trees on ‘uncleared land, [B] the slash-and-bum method of clearing land. IC] the farming tectnique of the Swid people of South America [D] a practice of shifting cultivation to new fields [E] the rotation of dtferent crops in a single field 1, Some important food erops ofthe Americas [A] maize, wheat, and potatoes {B] beans, bananas, and squash. {C) maize coffe, aed squash {D] maize, manic, end potatoes [E] pumpkins, beans, and eofee. 12. Scholars feel that early domestication of animals provided all ofthe following except TA] meat [B} labor. [C} transportation. [D] wool and hides. (8) mitk 3B. 14, The American continents contained very few domesticated animals because [A] there were few species suitable for domestication, [B] while there were many appropriate wild species, they were difficult to domestica, IC] the environment made raising animals difficult, [| natives preferred hunting instead [EF] agriculture made domesticated animals unnecessary. ‘The gradual adoption of agriculture ‘tansformed the world most by causing {A] global population increase. [B] global population decrease [C] major migrations to the temperate [D] major die off of wild species. [E} an increase in insect infestation due to ‘mono-cropping. How does the chapter suggest that farmers ‘were able to displace foragers from fertile lands? [A] successful alliances with other agricultural eommunities [B] completely peaceful takeover {C] suocessful warfare against forager clans [D} the gradual peaceful infiltration on fertile lands [E] once agriculture was diseovered everyone wanted to farm 16. (Chapter 1 Study Guide The religions of farming communities tended 1 focus on 20, [A] amoon worship. (B} nature spit, IC] a variety of important gods. [D] an Barth Mother o female deity {] a Sky God or male deity. Recent discoveries oflarge stones and burial 21 chambers may indicate [A] ancestor rituals. IB} increased warfare. [C] achange in ([D] an interest in measuring time. [F] an interest in astronomy. ous focus, The growth of settled agricultural communities resulted in [A] dependence on long distance trade [B} increasing nutrition and health, [C] trade and craft specialization ([D] constant warfare with hunter-gatherer. [E] greater personal freedom. The Neolithic town Catal Hayak prospered from [A] selling its large sgricultural surplus [B] being the location of an important religious shrine, [C} long-distance trade in obsidian, pottery, and cloth 23 [D] selling its vast herds of cattle {(F] having a large military force. “Metal working in the late Neolithic period was used for [A] making cooking implements {B] decoration o in ceremonies. [C] making metalsipped weapons. {D] royal jewelry only {E} agricultural purposes. Which of the following is nor generally considered to bean attribute of civilization? [A] the absence of social class divisions [B} a political system based on control of a defined teritory {C] a system for keeping records [D] cites that served as administrative centers [E] monumental buildings. Early societies developed civilizations in the ‘loodplains of great rivers because the rivers and floodplains provided [A] ferile silt and water for agriculture. [B] a cheap form of long-distance ‘wansportation. [C} route for barge trai, (D) a natural compass.” {E] spawning grounds for fish. Creation myths often provide a society with a [A] means 1 control its unruly members [B] way to contol its surroundings. [C] foundation for is religious systems. {D] justification for war and genocide [F] satisfactory explanation ofits environment. Chapter | Study Guide 24. Mesopotamia was sometimes seen as a dangerous place to live by its inhabitants because of | IA} flooding ([B) aigh crime rate [C] angry gous. [D] wild animals. [E] frequent invasion 25. Agriculture in Mesopotamia depended on [A] the intcoduction of wheat erops. [B} large numbers oF animals for fertilizer. {C} artificial canals and irrigation, [D] the region’s high annual rainfall [E] a highly motivated workforce. 26. The earliest historically documented people of Mesopotamia were the [A] Sumerians IB] Hyksos. [C] Medes. [D] Hittes. {E] Timpanos, 27. Which ofthe following is nor included in the Semitic family of languages? [A] Blamite {B} Phoenician [C] Aramaic. [D] Arabic [E] Hebrew 28. The term city-state refers to [A] an urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled. [B} an association of mutually dependent {C} the political institution tht ruled over ancient kingdoms. [D] a large city surounded by a protective wall [E] any numberof small states which engaged in long-distance trade. 29. In Mesopotamian cities the temples 30, [A] housed the cult of the deity or deities. [B] were in caves and elif [C] were built ouside ofthe city walls for protection 1D] were in every home. [E] were so sacred that to enter one would result in the offender being blinded, In the third millennium B.C.E., the political system that became dominant in Sumer was [A] a merchant oligarchy, [B} a revolutionary council of twelve elders. [C] a democracy withthe votes extended only to males. {D] a theocracy with power vested in female riestesses. [IE] akingship with the support of priesthood and military. Chapter | Study Guide 31. The first king to unite many Sumerian city- states under the control of one king was [A] Sargon. [B] Gilgamesh. [C] Minos. [D] Tutankhamen. [E] Golem. The Babylonian leader Hammurabi is best known for his [A] expansion ofthe Mesopotamian economy, [B] religious reforms. {C] physical stengt. [D} law code [E] modem political organization. 33, What motivated Mesepotamian conquests of far-reaching territories? IA] the search for new trade goods {1B} the desire to capture slaves IC] the need for vital resources [D] the search for living space forthe ‘burgeoning population IF] the desire to spread the religion of Baal 34. Surprisingly, merchant activity in Mesopotamia took place without [A] government regulation, IB] barter. {C} coins. [D] food commodities. [E] luxury goods. 35. Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of [A] two classes. {IB} three classes. IC] five classes [D] seven classes. [E] no classes. 36, Women in Mesopotamian society had a Tower status than ina hunter-gatherer society because of | TA] their role as primary agricultural producers. [B] the shift of the major role in food Provision from women to men, [C] the requirement that they not leave the house ID} theie role in the military, TE] the requirement to serve as temple prostitutes. 37. Which ofthe following about women in Mesopotamia was probably nor true? [A] They manufactured textiles. [B] They worked as prostitutes and fortunetellers, [C] They could initiate divorce. [D] They could own propery. [E] They brewed beer and an taverns. 38. Mesopotamian gods were anthropomorphic, thats, they’ IA] were divine and perfect beings. [B} took form as the elements of nature. [C] appeared in the bodies of kings while on earth, [D] were humanlike in form and conduct [E] were omniscient Chapter I Study Guide 39, Mesopotamian priests [A] were chosen by the kings. [8] were chosen by the gods through oracles [C] bought their positions from the temples [D] inherited theie positions from their fathers. {E] were chosen by ritual combat, 40. ‘The abundance of amulets suggests [A that society was extremely materialistic, [B] Mesopotamian artisans were very skilled. [C} the large quantity of semi-precious stones available [D] the egalitarian nature of Mesopotamian religion. TE] the belief inthe value of magic. 41. The Mesopotamian writing system is called [A] Linear A {B} cuneiform [C] hieroglyphs, {D) Linear B. {6} Persian 42. The Mesopotamians developed skill in ‘onze metallurgy. Which ofthe following is not considered an advantage to bronze over, other metals? [A] lis ess likely to break and is easier to repair. {B} Ithas and holds a sharp edge {C Itean be melted and molded. [D] Itis inexpensive. [E] It is matteabt. 43, Although Mesopotamia was “resource poor” itdid have abundant [A] water 1B} grain [Cl fish. [D] salt IE} clay. 44, ‘The culture that developed in Egypt was ‘unique largely because of IA] Exyp’s interaction with other

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