You are on page 1of 65

:

| 8/ 4102

...........................................................................................................

- -


3 ....................................................................................................
6 ..............................................................................
: 9 ...................................................................
: 06 .........................................................................................
: 34 .......................................................................................
: 26 ...................................................................................
42 ..............................................................................................................
: 48 ................................................................................
: 61 ..............................................................................................


.4100

.

) (BBC Media Action


.

. 46
.
6 .


.

. .
.
. .

" ".

:
0


" " ( )Facebook 2.6

. %44 %24
4
0.9 " " 3 .

-




( )%24 .

""
%28


.
.

0
4

[ 48/ .]4102
)4102( Facebook.com
[ 48/ .]4102
Internetlivestats.com

3
[ 48/ .]4102
)4102( Facebook.com
2 ( " "

.) 4103 Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture


" "
( . " ".)4112

"" .

:
.
(

) .

.
.
.


" "
/ 4103/ .4102
( )
.


.
.
.

4100 4104
.
.


.

" : "

)4102( ASDAA Burson-Marsteller ( )4103 ( .)4102



.

3096 /-/ 64103



.


0026 / .4103

.



/ 4102 : ( ) ( )


( ) .

/ 4103
8

.

6
2
8

" " .)4103( Altai Consulting


" /".

999.

04
. (
) 6 / 4103 6
/ .4102

02 (
) / 4102 .


.
.

.
.

.


4 .

" /".

.4100
.

.

.

4103

01

.
.


/ .4102


: / 4102

.

00.

01

" " .)4102( Human Rights Watch

00
""
"" .
.

:
.
. 0960


.0946
. 0940
08


.
.
.
.

. 0989



.
0969
42 .
" " .
.



.
" "2 .
. " " ""
.

04

06

()

04

()

6.42

01.92

41

42

()

411

34

()

411

22

44

24

()%

03

" "

02

0.94

2.6

" "0"
"4
.

.

04
03
02
04
06

" " .)4102( CIA


)4102( Internetlivestats.com
.)4102( Facebook.com " " / .4102
( )4104.2 .
.2 .

() HAICA

02

/ 4103 .


.

.
/ 4103

08

.
34 / .4102

09

" "

.



" "
.

41

"


".

""
. ""

" "

. " "

02

( )HAICA ( )INRIC

.4104
08
09
41

4102( Reporters Without Borders).


4102( Reporters Without Borders).
4102( Reporters Without Borders).

40

44

0202

0202

0202

0202

061

032

062

033

094

033

086

004

" "
4119 .4102
.
"" "" .

""

.

43

.

. ""
"" .

40
44
43

( )4101 " " (4102).


" " (4102)( . " ").

"" "" .
"" "" .
.
. .

"
" "


" .4103
4102 .

42

. 04
" " "
.

"

44

" " " ".


46


.

/ 4102
.

42

. .

48

"" /

.4102 .

""

42
44
46
42
48

" " (4102)


" " (4102).
4102( Reporters Without Borders).
4102( Reporters Without Borders).
"" ( " ").
""

.
" "
.

"" ""
" ".


"" "" ( ""
).


.

.

.
""

:
4100

.
" "
" " " " .

.
"" "
" .4104
" "


.

%22

49

%67 .
( )%29 "" " "
"" " ".

"" ( .)0
.
.
" "
""
( %09 ).

31

""

30

( )%01
.

30

.
" ... ... ... ( "...
)

49
31
30
34

.
.4103
.4103
.4103

:0 *
%61

%46

%41

%21

%21

%39

%32

%31

%40

%41
%01
%1

""

""

" "

" "

" "

( )

: =.4840
:
*

. : .4103

:0
%011
%91
%81

%05
%26

%21

%02

%61
%41
%21
%31
%41
%01
%1

%36

%00
%09

%02

%02

%02
%06

%09
%5

%03

%2

%2

: = .3018
:
: .4103
%36 .

( )%22

. .
.

.



( )%48

( ) .

" [ ] .
...

"( . )

( )%30 ( ) .
.
( )%26 .

%21 0649
.

.

" " ( ) .

" [] " .

.

" " ( Facebook %48 ) " " )%40( YouTube""

.)%9( Twitter ( )%51 " "


( )%46 " " .
" " .



%03.4 " " / .4103
" "

33

" "
.

" " ( )%44 " "


. (" )%32 "

( )%46 .
.

.
" "
" ":
" " " ... "( . )
%2 ""

. :

" "( . )

33

(.)4103

"[ ] "( . ).

:
... "( .
"
)
"

( ."%011 )


. .

(.)%28

32

34

.
.

.
.

32
34

.4103
.4103


" ... ... ...

... ...

"( . ).


" " " ".

"" . ".
( )

.

.


36


.

.


"

"( . )

. .
" ... .
"( . )
" "( . )


.

" "( . )

36

" /".


. :
" "( . )

.
" "( . )

32

.
.
"" " "
""

( %42 % 44 ) .

"" %26



. " "

( )%42
%23 ( )%29 .


"" %23
( .)3

.

( )%6

( )%68 .

32 .

:3 *

%011
%81

%1

%9

%02

%04

%41

%40

%43

%43

%41

%43

%61

%46

%21

%42

%44

%09

%08

%41

%02

%01

%09

%09

%2

%1

%02

%02

%1
%2
%1

%2

%1

%48


( =
)4241

(
= )3028


( = )2969

%02

%6
%3
%2

%2
%2

%09

(
= )2944


( =
)2902

: .
:
* .
.
: .4103

"" .

"

.


" (
)
)
(
.

( )" ( ).
"

" [ ] ... ...


"( . )

.

"[ ] .
" ( )

.


.
" . "
"( . )
" .


"" .

(" )%28" .



" "( . )

.

[ ]

" :
"( . )
"


""
" ( ) .
.

"
""
.
" ( ).

""
"
"( . )

"
[ ]"( . )
" : " " "

"
" .
" : [

%6
]" ( ) .

%20 .
" "

""
. (
) " "
.

""
. " :
" (

.
) .

" "( .
)


. " " ( ).
:
"( . )
"

...
"
" . "( . )
"


" ...
... ... "( .


""

.

[] ".
"


. 4103 %32
%20

%62.

38


.
.

( )%34 " "


( )%39 " " . ()%46

" ".

" "
""( . )
"( . )
" []

.
/ .

38

( )4103.04 .

. .
.
. :

" " " : "( .


).


:

.


.0

.



.
... []
"
... [ ]
"( . )
" : ... ... ...


" .
:

"( . ).
"

.0

.

.

.

. " ".

( ) " "( . ).


" ...
"( . )

.



.

( %42

%02).

39


"
[] "( . )

" " ( ).
"


" ( ) .
39

.4103


.

. " ..." ( ).



.
.

:
.4100
""

.4102
""

.
.
.

( )HAICA INRIC

INRIC 4104

HAICA .)4103

( )% 99 %88
" " .
%83 .
""
.

" ".

%90
. ""
.
%26 ( %24 ) .

" "


" " ( ) .
.

" .
[ ] "( . )

" ... "( .


)
" . "( . )

" ( )) .
"( . " "4
" " ( ).

%22



. ( )%46

%12 .


( )%32 .

.

. . ... .
"
"( . )

( )%32 " " %24
. ( )%61 .

( )%12 . " " %80


( )%42
/ 4103 " "
.
%32 .

21


""

%01 .

21

(.)4103

( )%53

.

.
.
" /
." " "( .
)



(" " " " ( ))

" "
.

" .
" ""( . )

" "( .
)

( %41
) ( .)%23 ( %42
%26 ) .

( - %29

%38 ).

" :
.
" ( ).
.
" . .

.
"( . )

.
.



.
.
.
" ...

[ ] "( . )


"


[ ] .

"( . )

.

( %22 )

( .)4



"
" " .
" ( ) " . .

" ( ).


.

"
" " .

"


.
.

" ... ...

"( . )

:2

%6

%011

%6

%3

%2

%2

%2

%4

%91
%81

%20

%24

%24

%46

%42

%49

%21
%61
%41
%21

%09
%36

%31
%41

%2

%01

%03

%1

%4

%3

%9

%33

%30

%03

%04

%30

%43
%41

%02

%30

%04

%40

%34

%42

%44

%41

%44

%6

%04

%08

%31

%06

%43

%43

%30

%3

: = .996
:
: .4103

%40 %6
"" .


. .
. "( . )

"
" . . .

"( . )

" (
" :

) .


( .)4

" (
"
).
:

20

" )France 24( "42 " "

24

20
.

.

24 . " " " "

.
.

""
%34 .

"[] "" [ ] ".
( )

:5
():

%011
%91
%81
%21

%61
%41

%2

%6

%46

%48

%02

%6
%4

%8

%40

%44

%6
%44

%21
%31
%41
%01
%1

%8

%42

%48

%48
%03

%03

%02

%08

%8
%9

%31
%43

%02

%6

%4

%48

%40

%42

%34
%41

%02

%02

%03

%03

42

: = .993

:
: .4103

%04

%20

%04

%40

%04

%22
%20
%20

%3
%0
%42

%3
%0
%43

%3
%0

%3
%4
%49

%44
%41

%02

%06

%01

%20

%3
%0
%49

%02

%04

" " .

.
( )%46


""
.

" "" "( . )


" "" "( . )
"( . )
"




.
:
""

%94
"

. "( . )

" "( . )

. .
.

.
.
" "" "" ""
"( . )

" . :


""( . )

"
" [ ]"( . )
"( .
"
)


[" . ] .

" " .

"( . ) .

"
" ( ) " "( .
).



%55
( )6


( )

.

%42
( ) %40 .

"

" ( ).

:7

%011
%91
%81
%21
%61
%41
%21
%31
%41

%01
%42
%4
%46

%49

%31

%6

%2

%42

%42

%38

%8
%40

%36

%34

%01
%1

%9

%9

%04

%49
%40

%02

%09

%32

%34

%02
%08

%21

%6

%4

%08

%40

%44

%08

%04

%09

: = .999

:
: .4103

"" .
( )%24 "
" . ()%36

" "

%42 " ".

""


"[ ] "
. %24

.
" 02/ " ( ) "" ( ) ""
( ) " : " ( ).

.
.
.

. ""
"
"( . ).

" . " ( )
.

" " " "42"" .

""

" . " : "


"( . )
""
"" ""


( ) .


"" .

.
" " .

.
. .
( )%62 .
" :
" ( ) .
( ).

.
" " ( ) "

" ( ) . .


.


. .


" ".

" :
" ( ) .
" " ( )
"
.
[ ] " ( ) .

"( .
" [ ]

)

.
" ...
"( . )


" " ( )

"
.

" ( ) .
...

"

" ( ).


" " "
" " (
" .
" " (
)

).


.
. .

.

.


.
.


.
.
:6

%99

%99

%67

%11 "

""

""


%62


%13

"

%51

%66

%36

%57

( )% 25

%2


%32

%30 (

%32 " "

%20

00

%02

%72


% 51 "

%12

( )%07
"
" "


%06 " "

% 50 " "

" "

%53



%6

%52

%23

%26 ( %24
)

%90



.

.


.
.

: %26 ( %24
) .

.

.


.

.


.
.

: .


%22
.

%46


: %23

""

%03 .




%28 .

%03 *.

.

%23

.
%44

"" ""

%46 %64 .

.
" " " )"42

. .
.


.


"" .


.
.

.

. .

:
" " 2.6

23


.
%44

%24

22

0.9 " "

24

22
24

23

" "

[ 48/ .]4102
)4102( Facebook.com
[ 48/ .]4102
Internetlivestats.com
[ 48/ .]4102
)4102( Facebook.com

.
.
.


( ).
.

" " ""



.




.
.

:
.


.

.

.

.
.

26

" ".




.
.

"" ""


" " .
.
26

4102( Reporters Without Borders).




.
.
.

."" ( )%23
. ""
%24 " ".


.
.

.
.
.


.

)4103( Altai Consulting ( :


)
)4102( Abrougui, A. . "" 09 / [ ].
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/02/tunisian-media-flux-since-revolution- :

[ 0/ .]4102
2014224125838691954.html
" " )4102( ASDAA Burson-Marsteller [ ].
http://arabyouthsurvey.com/wp-content/themes/arabyouth-english/downloads/AYS- :

[ 0/ .]4102
Whitepaper-en.pdf
)4103( British Council : [

] . http://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/britishcouncil.uk2/files/revolutionary-promise-:

[ 0/ .]4102
summary_0.pdf
" )4102( Central Intelligence Agency " [ ] . :

[ 0/ .]4102
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

)4103( Dubai School of Government [


] . :

http://www.arabsocialmediareport.com/Facebook/LineChart.aspx?&PriMenuID=18&CatID=24&mnu=Cat

[ 0/ .]4102

)4104( El-Issawi, F. . .
[
[ ] . http://carnegieendowment.org/files/transitional_libyan_media.pdf :
0/ .]4102
)4103( El-Issawi, F. . : . :
/ "" .LSE/POLIS

[
" " ([ Facebook.com )4102 ] . https://www.facebook.com/
01/ .]4102
" " 4102( Freedom House) [ ] . :
[
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press-2014/press-freedom-rankings#.VGx7pcmb_w9
0/ .]4102

" " 41022( Freedom House) :4103 [ ] . :


[ 2
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/tunisia#.U9vog-NdXy0
/ .]4102
" " 4102( Freedom House) :4103 [ ] . :
[ 2
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/libya#.U9vpyeNdXy0
/ .]4102
" " )4102( Human Rights Watch :4102 [ ] .

[ http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/tunisia?page=1 : 0
/ .]4102

)4102( Internetlivestats.com [ ] . :

[ 48/ .]4102
/http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users-by-country
. )4101( Karlekar, K. D. . .
" " [ ] . http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FOTP2010-- :

[ 0/ .]4102
Final%20Booklet_5May.pdf
. )4102( Marks, M. L. . "" . :
.
" " )4102( Miniwatts Marketing Group [ ].
[ 0/ .]4102
http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm :

)4103( National Democratic Institute : [


] . https://www.ndi.org/files/Believing-in-Democracy-Public-Opinion-Survey-Report- :

[ 0/ .]4102
August-2013.pdf
)4103( Northwestern University in Qatar
[ 0/
[ ] . http://menamediasurvey.northwestern.edu/ :
.]4102
)4102( Northwestern University in Qatar
[ 2/
[ ] . /http://mideastmedia.org/survey :
.]4102
)4102( Ramadan, W. . . : .
4102( Reporters Without Borders)
[ 004-4100 ] . http://fr.rsf.org/tunisie-pour-une-revision-du-code-penal-a- :

[ 0/ .]4102
02-07-2014,46565.html

4102( Reporters Without Borders) ""


[ ] . :

[ 0
http://fr.rsf.org/tunisie-un-journaliste-d-ech-chourouk-17-07-2014,46643.html
/ .]4102
4102( Reporters Without Borders) [ ].
[
http://en.rsf.org/libya-newspaper-editor-gunned-down-on-26-05-2014,46354.html :
0/ .]4102

4102( Reporters Without Borders) [ 4102 ].


[ 0/ .]4102
http://rsf.org/index2014/en-index2014.php :

4102( Reporters Without Borders) " " :


[ ] . http://en.rsf.org/tunisia-sheratongate-blogger-s-allegations-17- :

[ 0/ .]4102
01-2013,43926.html
4102( Reporters Without Borders) [ ].
[
http://en.rsf.org/libya-news-media-targeted-amid-libyan-28-08-2014,46858.html :
02/ .]4102
)4112( Seib, Philip . : .
. )4102( Shamat, A. A. . [ ] . :

[ 0/ .]4102
http://www.reinventinglibya.org/lrt.php

)4103( UNESCO [ ] . :
[ 0/ .]4102
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002227/222701e.pdf
" " :Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture

[ . ] . .4103 4 :9
[
http://www.westminster.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/220675/WPCC-vol9-issue2.pdf :

01/ .]4102

" /"


0 " " " " .
:0 " /"

[
]

:
.0


/ .4103
.

22


. ( %3.8 .)%41

( )PSUs "" .
( 4112 .)4119
( )SSUs
. ( ) .
.

" "
.
"" ( .)Kish
04 .
/
.

22

999.



04
.
. .
(
) 6 / 4103 6 / .4102

02 (
) / 4102 .

.

. ( 31 .)31

.
.0


3096
/ / .4103
. ( %0.2 .)%41
4116

4103 .



. 4116

.
.


.

0026 /
.4103 ( %4.9 .)%41
.

. 4116
.
.

)%91
.

/ .4102

.

/

.
"".


. .
( ) (
) ( 46) .

" /".
()

.SPSS
.

.
( )

" " ( )Framework Approach


.




. :

.

.

( )
%3.8 .%0.2



" " ( )Altai Consulting "
" ( )BJKA Consulting
.

( )FCO

.
:


.

.


.
.
( BBC

)World Service .


.

.
.
:
BBC Media Action 2014

0126434 .3440482

: W1A 1AA
:

410 MC3A Media Centre W12 7TQ


+44 (0) 20 8008 0001 :+44 (0) 20 8008 5970 :

media.action@bbc.co.uk : bbcmediaaction.org :

You might also like